79:
197:, typing, Russian and English, social and local politics, law. Lectures were also held on culture, arts, literature, film, radio, photography, theatre, music, natural sciences, medicine, sports, sexuality, children, education, the Soviet Union, foreign languages (including Chinese, Japanese and Esperanto), psychoanalysis and individual psychology, rhetoric, library studies, orthography and grammar, mathematics and women and young people studies. Fascism in its Italian and German forms was also analysed time and time again.
137:
and several people were arrested and the register of teachers confiscated. House searches of lecturers subsequently followed. On 29 March 1933, the central school room in Berlin was closed by the police. Following this, many teachers from the school emigrated, but many teachers and student stayed to
754:
The MASCH had 25 students in 1925 and by 1930/1931 had 4000 students. The number of lecturers rose to 160. At one single evening lecture, some 700 were present. In the winter semester of 1929/30 alone, 613 evening lectures were held. In 1932 there were around 2,000 courses. Both the technical staff
129:
and an orientation towards Soviet politics, that worker education really began. From the point of view of the KPD, its supporters had to be politically and intellectually trained, aligned and steeled beyond the previous social-democratic and trade union educational and social goals.
175:
It was also about disseminating materials e.g. art posters along with leaflets and pamphlets, meant to incite communist agitation and propaganda. Interested laypeople were trained in the design and creation of suitable propaganda materials by artists from the
1037:
Leihbibliotheken, Arbeiterbibliotheken, BĂĽcherhallen : bibliothekarische BemĂĽhungen um die
Volksbildung vom Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts bis 1933 : herausgegeben anlässlich des Jubiläums 75 Jahre städtisches Bibliothekswesen in
165:"create a generally accessible school in which the working population of Berlin should be given the opportunity to learn the basic teachings of unadulterated Marxism and its application to all areas of proletarian life and struggle".
731:
with the teachers working free of charge. In order to reach workers who could not regularly attend the courses through home studies, Duncker, Wittfogel and
Goldschmidt published the booklets of the Marxist Workers Training (MAS)
1042:
Lending libraries, workers' libraries, book halls: Library efforts to educate the people from the beginning of the 19th century to 1933: Published on the occasion of the jubilee of 75 years of urban library management in
755:
and the teaching staff worked free of charge. Some of the lecturers were neither KPD members nor bound to a particular political party. The decisive criterion for admission as a MASCH teacher has become more and more:
54:. Hermann Duncker became the director of school. The school became very successful and by 1930, it had 4000 students in 200 courses, which prompted KPD officials to build 30 other schools in German cities e.g.
117:
in Russia in 1917. The educational work of the KPD was haphazard in the early years, following its formation. In the party congress of
October 1919, leading members of the KPD including Duncker,
359:
Lecturers and teachers were, in addition to the employees and functionaries of the KPD, committed politicians, artists and scientists who were open to the labour movement. These included:
23:
190:
In addition to the historical or current affairs and politics, discussions were held on medical topics, progress in technology and natural sciences and, of course, community affairs.
1892:
133:
As early as 1932, the MASCH had become increasingly targeted, as state repression by the Nazis was started in earnest. On 25 November 1932, the central building was occupied by
113:
from the Social
Democratic Party of Germany in 1914 and founding of the KPD on 30 December 1918, communists in Germany pursued the goal of a socialist revolution similar to the
172:
The MASCH should reach the widest possible mass throughout
Germany. In 1932, there were MASCH offshoots in 36 major German cities, as well as numerous branches in small towns.
98:, social democratic and worker's associations were newly founded as training associations. Proletarian associations opened workers' libraries, e.g. in 1861 in Leipzig, where
1129:
From the everyday life of a workers' association from 1891 to 1901 the Social
Democratic Workers' Association of Lichtenberg-Friedrichsberg in minutes and reports
125:
pointed out the need to train party members. Social
Democrat hiking courses, a traditional way to teach while walking, were established, but it was only with the
110:
1912:
177:
926:
Front cover image for
Hermann Duncker, Lehrer dreier Generationen : e. Lebensbild Hermann Duncker, Lehrer dreier Generationen : e. Lebensbild
1125:
Aus dem Alltag eines
Arbeitervereins 1891 bis 1901 der sozialdemokratische Arbeiterverein von Lichtenberg-Friedrichsberg in Protokollen und Berichten
1897:
882:
Volkswirtschaftliche
Grundbegriffe mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der ökonomischen Grundlehren von Karl Marx als Leitfaden für Unterrichtskurse
102:
was chairman of the library commission of the local workers' association. He formulated the goal of taking knowledge, art and culture away from
207:
Participants in the MASCH were in many cases members of the KPD, or became members, expidited under the impression of training and propaganda.
1765:
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1616:
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1326:
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1136:
985:
1902:
1420:
Einspruch. Schriftenreihe der Friedrich-Wolf-Gesellschaft: "Was bleibt und was lohnt!" Friedrich Wolf zum 125. Geburts- und 60. Todestag
126:
811:
From 1932, a group of friends and discussions from members of the Berlin Marxist Workers School gathered around the national economist
200:
In individual cases, the MASCH supported foreign visits, such as the 1932 visit to China by the communist sociologist and sinologist
1851:
1832:
1805:
1696:
1496:
1050:
889:
862:
1641:"Bruno Voigt, Erstausgaben und Erstdrucke von Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht und Friedrich Engels, Socialistica und Geschichte"
106:
guardianship and "extracting from existing knowledge what benefited the working-class revolutionary struggle for emancipation."
1917:
1907:
38:(KPD). Its function was to enable workers to learn the basics of proletarian life and struggle, to teach the basic tenets of
696:
1669:
646:
134:
857:]. Politladen-Reprint, No. 11. (in German) (Reprint 1931, No. 1/3 1932, No. 1/5 ed.). Erlangen: Politladen.
78:
776:
Albert Einstein taught at the Marxist Workers School, until his emigration to the United States at the suggestion of
884:. Edition 100 bei ISP, 1. (in German) (Reprint J.H.W. Dietz Nachfolger, Stuttgart 1908 ed.). Karlsruhe: ISP.
35:
1867:
1823:
Kinner, Klaus; Müller, Dieter (1994). "Die Rote Kapelle – Widerstand, Verfolgung, Haft". In Barck, Simone (ed.).
34:) (MASCH) was an educational institute founded in the winter of 1925 in Berlin, by the Berlin city office of the
1887:
228:
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The Marxist Workers School was obviously quite undogmatic and practical in its approach, describing itself as
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47:
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The MASCH saw it ideological function as spreading communist ideals. The theoretical foundations of
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95:
681:
671:
424:
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114:
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The school was created in the tradition of the workers cultural movement with its commercial and
1035:
Helmut Schulze; Bibliotheksverband der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik. Bezirksgruppe (1989).
716:
666:
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51:
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781:
686:
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429:
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63:
43:
27:
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Einsteins Akte : Einsteins Jahre in Deutschland aus der Sicht der deutschen Politik
828:
797:
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409:
384:
368:
328:
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832:
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313:
298:
288:
258:
122:
1844:
Der Einfluss des Marxismus auf die Person Bertolt Brechts und sein dramatisches Werk
1689:
Einstein's file: Einstein's years in Germany from the perspective of German politics
1522:
Mehr als tönende Luft: Politische Echowirkungen in Lied, Oper und Instrumentalmusik
824:
820:
777:
706:
589:
399:
379:
118:
99:
1611:. Erziehung und Bildung (in German). Cologne: Pahl-Rugenstein. pp. 81, 154.
1554:
1282:
1825:
Lexikon sozialistischer Literatur : ihre Geschichte in Deutschland bis 1945
801:
748:
544:
519:
444:
439:
103:
82:
Brochure created for the school in Berlin in early 1932, during the schools peak
1318:"Nur politisch Würdige". Die DFG-Forschungsförderung im Dritten Reich 1933–1937
1284:
After the Proletarian Revolution: Georg Lukács's Marxist Development, 1930-1945
785:
599:
414:
233:
67:
1815:
1626:
1146:
743:. It was also used intensively by members of other social groups such as the
1706:
916:
899:
872:
835:
and Leo Skrzypczynski, a proprietor of a firm manufacturing radio equipment.
348:
343:
333:
323:
283:
268:
194:
933:
1720:
Juchler, Ingo; Ambauen, Ladina; Arnold, Maren et. all. (25 October 2017).
338:
263:
238:
152:
59:
1559:(in German). Vol. 14. Europäische Verlagsanstalt. 1976. p. 65
728:
318:
308:
303:
253:
148:
55:
39:
1386:
The Exile and Return of Writers from East-Central Europe: A Compendium
780:. He was in constant contact with other left-oriented people such as
273:
248:
243:
223:
1800:]. Erziehung und Bildung (in German). Cologne: Pahl-Rugenstein.
734:
History of the International Labour Movement and Political Economy
293:
278:
217:
77:
1872:
747:
and apparently nobody was excluded as they all belonged to the
1757:
Walter Benjamin and Bertolt Brecht: The Story of a Friendship
851:
Der Marxist Marxist. Arbeiter-Schule ; Schulungszeitschr
1098:"Assoziation Revolutionärer Bildender Künstler Deutschlands"
1846:(Diploma Thesis) (in German). MĂĽnchen: GRIN Verlag GmbH.
1794:
Marxistische Arbeiterbildung in der Weimarer Zeit (MASCH)
1609:
Marxistische Arbeiterbildung in der Weimarer Zeit (MASCH)
819:. These included the former Prussian Minister of Culture
1163:
Beyond Alterity: German Encounters with Modern East Asia
1525:(in German). Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. pp. 222–.
1045:] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliotheksverb. der DDR.
924:
Griep, Günter; Förster, Alfred; Siegel, Heinz (1976).
909:
Ausgewählte Schriften und Reden aus sechs Jahrzehnten
855:
The Marxist Marxist. Workers school; Training journal
193:
The school held a large number of courses including:
1451:
Baumgartner, Gabriele; Hebig, Dieter (24 May 2012).
1104:(in German). Berlin: Deutsches Historisches Museum
759:On the 1932 January edition of the MASCH magazine
1383:Neubauer, John; Török, Borbála Zsuzsanna (2009).
1352:Geschichte der Erwachsenenbildung in Deutschland
1250:Geschichte der Erwachsenenbildung in Deutschland
1197:Geschichte der Erwachsenenbildung in Deutschland
977:Geschichte der Erwachsenenbildung in Deutschland
70:in the spring of 1933, the schools were closed.
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1160:Shen, Qinna; Rosenstock, Martin (1 July 2014).
1798:Marxist Worker Formation in the Weimar Period.
1723:Mildred Harnack und die Rote Kapelle in Berlin
111:Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
1454:Biographisches Handbuch der SBZ/DDR. Band 1+2
969:
967:
965:
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961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
8:
1893:Educational institutions established in 1925
1827:. Metzler: Stuttgart u.a. pp. 322–325.
1491:. University of Michigan Press. p. 94.
1457:(in German). Walter de Gruyter. p. 14.
1726:. Universitätsverlag Potsdam. p. 102.
1585:(in German). Rostock: University of Rostock
1355:(in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 197.
1253:(in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 198.
1200:(in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 427.
1014:Berliner Institut fĂĽr kritische Theorie e.V
980:(in German). Springer-Verlag. p. 197.
178:Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists
1423:. Tectum Wissenschaftsverlag. p. 45.
1602:
1600:
1096:Grimkowski, RĂĽdiger (14 September 2014).
1071:"FĂĽnf Jahre Marxistische Arbeiterschule"
928:(2nd ed.). Berlin: Verlag TribĂĽne.
727:The courses for workers cost only a few
1064:
1062:
947:
1868:Anregungen zum (selbst)bewussten Leben
1661:
1321:(in German). De Gruyter. p. 141.
844:Literature by and of Hermann Duncker:
1792:Gerhard-Sonnenberg, Gabriele (1976).
1760:. Yale University Press. p. 43.
1691:] (in German). Berlin: Springer.
1607:Gerhard-Sonnenberg, Gabriele (1976).
1010:"MASCH (Marxistische Arbeiterschule)"
7:
1583:Catalogus Professorum Rostochiensium
741:the university of the working people
1553:"Der Marxistische Arbeiterschule".
127:3rd World Congress of the Comintern
1913:Communist organisations in Germany
1488:Anna Seghers: The Mythic Dimension
1166:. Berghahn Books. pp. 82–83.
1131:] (in German). Berlin: Fides.
14:
1417:Hermann, Harmann (18 June 2014).
1389:. Walter de Gruyter. p. 56.
1315:Mertens, Lothar (30 March 2015).
1194:Josef Olbrich (31 January 2001).
1008:Krinn, Carsten; Adolph, Wolfram.
911:(1st ed.). Berlin: TribĂĽne.
94:. Following the reprisals of the
88:Workers' Education Associations (
1287:. Akadémiai Kiadó. p. 164.
1349:Olbrich, Josef (9 March 2013).
1247:Olbrich, Josef (9 March 2013).
974:Olbrich, Josef (9 March 2013).
355:Teachers and lecturers at MASCH
1898:1925 establishments in Germany
1754:Erdmut Wizisla (14 May 2014).
1650:. 61. Marxist, Der. p. 43
1519:Hermand, Jost (12 June 2017).
1:
1683:Grundmann, Siegfried (1998).
763:, the slogan was emblazoned:
757:Are you also against fascism?
158:As described, the aim was to
138:fight the Nazis in Germany.
109:After the separation of the
1842:Wächter, Lars (2013). "4".
662:Max und Charlotte Burghardt
32:Marxistische Arbeiterschule
1934:
1903:Communist Party of Germany
36:Communist Party of Germany
1485:Fehervary, Helen (2001).
1123:Herrmann, Ursula (2011).
907:Duncker, Hermann (1984).
880:Duncker, Hermann (1995).
849:Duncker, Hermann (1971).
1668:: CS1 maint: location (
1281:Sziklai, László (1992).
229:Brandenburg an der Havel
90:"Arbeiterbildungsverein"
376:Lecturer at the school.
364:Eduard Ludwig Alexander
42:. It was co-founded by
19:Marxist Workers' School
1075:Trend Online Newspaper
765:Against Nazi theories!
637:Annemarie Balden-Wolff
83:
31:
1918:Working-class culture
1908:Marxist organizations
806:Karl August Wittfogel
615:Karl August Wittfogel
570:Johann Lorenz Schmidt
475:Hermann Werner Kubsch
202:Karl August Wittfogel
81:
48:Johann Lorenz Schmidt
1556:Marxistische Blätter
96:Anti-Socialist Laws
68:National Socialists
1579:"Duncker, Hermann"
565:Otto Josef Schlein
550:Albert Rosenfelder
510:Alexander Neroslow
460:Bernhard Karlsberg
115:October Revolution
84:
1767:978-0-300-15644-7
1733:978-3-86956-407-4
1648:Rotes-Antiquariat
1618:978-3-7609-0245-6
1532:978-3-412-50921-7
1464:978-3-11-169913-4
1430:978-3-8288-6043-8
1396:978-3-11-021773-5
1362:978-3-322-95032-1
1328:978-3-05-008243-1
1294:978-963-05-6238-6
1260:978-3-322-95032-1
1207:978-3-8100-3349-9
1173:978-1-78238-361-1
1138:978-3-931363-17-8
1069:Schmidt, Johann.
987:978-3-322-95032-1
626:Students at MASCH
1925:
1873:MASCH in Hamburg
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823:, the locksmith
794:Willi MĂĽnzenberg
790:JĂĽrgen Kuczynski
786:Egon Erwin Kisch
697:Charlotte MĂĽller
657:Elfriede BrĂĽning
555:Ernest J. Salter
515:Theodor Neubauer
505:Willi MĂĽnzenberg
480:JĂĽrgen Kuczynski
470:Egon Erwin Kisch
374:Julian Borchardt
64:seizure of power
52:Eduard Alexander
26:
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1888:1925 in Germany
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1786:Further reading
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842:
782:John Heartfield
773:
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692:Ludwig Marmulla
687:Bruno Leuschner
628:
575:Ernst Schneller
560:Diethelm Scheer
430:John Heartfield
395:Albert Einstein
390:Hermann Duncker
357:
214:
212:MASCH locations
187:
144:
76:
44:Hermann Duncker
22:
12:
11:
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1862:External links
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798:Erwin Piscator
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745:intelligentsia
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712:Johann Schwert
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702:Erich Rackwitz
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677:Martin Hänisch
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652:Bertolt Brecht
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632:Karl von Appen
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620:Friedrich Wolf
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485:Alfred Kurella
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455:Lothar Hofmann
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410:Walter Gropius
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405:Karl Ferlemann
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400:Hanns Eisler
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155:were taught.
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119:Clara Zetkin
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100:August Bebel
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62:. After the
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1077:(in German)
1016:(in German)
802:Annie Reich
771:Connections
761:Der Marxist
749:bourgeoisie
545:Ludwig Renn
520:Fritz Perls
465:Max Keilson
445:Georg Henke
440:Otto Heller
420:Felix Halle
195:stenography
104:bourgeoisie
1882:Categories
942:References
723:Operations
717:Ernst Wolf
667:Gert Caden
642:Éva Besnyő
600:Bruno Taut
580:Max Scholz
535:Anni Reich
415:Kurt Hager
314:Königsberg
259:DĂĽsseldorf
1816:925039283
1627:925039283
1147:725250178
349:Wuppertal
344:Stuttgart
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324:Nuremberg
284:Frankfurt
269:Elberfeld
220:in Berlin
24:‹See Tfd›
1707:61757745
1664:cite web
917:11669467
900:39478406
873:72936785
729:Pfennigs
339:Solingen
264:Duisburg
239:Chemnitz
153:Leninism
60:Chemnitz
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1739:11 June
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1563:11 June
1043:Leipzig
1038:Leipzig
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319:Leipzig
309:Cologne
304:Hamburg
254:Dresden
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185:Courses
149:Marxism
74:History
66:by the
56:Dresden
40:Marxism
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299:Halle
294:Hagen
279:Essen
218:Mitte
142:Goals
1848:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1812:OCLC
1802:ISBN
1775:2020
1762:ISBN
1741:2020
1728:ISBN
1703:OCLC
1693:ISBN
1670:link
1656:2020
1623:OCLC
1613:ISBN
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