350:
378:. These experiments were carried out under conditions identical to those of the Space Shuttle (temperature, humidity, air circulation, etc.) except for the weightlessness. These tests included some in the neutral buoyancy simulator, itself a mock-up of one to be built in Europe to provide training for future astronauts. Johnston led three science experiments, and helped her fellow scientists to develop techniques to be used on Spacelab. In 1976, she indicated that she "had planned the work in hopes of going on orbital missions in the 1980s."
393:
33:
334:, while working under the direction on David H. Baldwin. Johnston was the first woman to receive an engineering degree from FSU. Of her time at university, Johnston has said: "It was a different time, for sure. It's still unusual for me when I find myself in a meeting with all women, because throughout most of my career I have gone into meetings where the rooms were filled with men."
459:
there with a bunch of equipment and find out what worked, because it's almost impossible to imagine what some things will do where there is absolutely no gravity. It was great fun, especially if you were a scientific gadfly, because there were astronomy experiments, experiments with rats and monkeys, and crystal–growth experiments, for instance. This was an international laboratory.
458:
I got involved in what was called the 'Manufacturing–in–Space' program, and it has morphed into commercialization in space and such I was really interested in working on things that could be produced in space. To me, being a researcher, scientist, and engineer, the best way to do that was to get up
369:
on the simulation of a space mission at the
General Purpose Laboratory (GPL) of MSFC. The exercise was named Concept Verification Test (CVT) Test No. 4 and began on December 16 for five days. The team of four women, all scientists, conducted eleven experiments to test their feasibility before they
482:
As an inventor, Johnston holds two dozen patents, many applying to laser-surface modification. While at the
University of Tennessee, one of Johnston's inventions in laser surfacing received numerous awards and commendations, including the American Museum of Science and Energy Award for Technical
450:
wrote: "The job ahead is difficult and the time is short which makes this assignment a significant challenge that will require the utmost dedication and perseverance of Dr. Johnston. I have no doubt that she will accomplish this assignment in an exemplary fashion."
290:
as an engineer in the 1960s and '70s, Johnston aspired to be an astronaut; she unsuccessfully applied in 1980 before becoming a payload specialist in 1983. Johnston retired from NASA in 1986 without having gone to space. She is a professor at
438:) as part of the reserve crew, not flying – she never went to space. For Spacelab, Johnston was selected as a scientist, specifically for her knowledge in materials science, one of the mission's primary purposes. She and the other alternate,
446:"as members of the mission management and science team responsible for controlling and directing experiment operations from the Payload Operations Control Center (POCC)". Of her selection, mission manager
408:
With
Whitaker and Griner, Johnston received astronaut training. Her training included tests in the pool of the MSFC neutral buoyancy laboratory and a flight in microgravity aboard the
381:
In 1976, Johnston worked with Griner on MSFC experiments testing space-like conditions with Space
Processing Applications Rocket (SPAR) launched objects, particularly involving "
483:
Achievement, the university's
Wheeley Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer and Chancellor's Award for Creativity in Research. In 2018 she was made a Fellow of the
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346:(MSFC) of NASA during her engineering studies from 1963 to 1968. In 1968, she became employed there as a metallurgist.
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479:(FIT). She is married to Dr. T. Dwayne McCay, who is also a former NASA engineer and the president and CEO of FIT.
409:
475:. A later role came in 2003, when she was appointed the director of the National Center for Hydrogen Research at
327:
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412:, as well as completing additional flight lessons. In 1980, Johnston applied to be an astronaut in the
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Leaving NASA in 1986, Johnston – at this point known as McCay – became a professor, teaching at the
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Johnston (left, seated) and her colleagues at the outset of the five-day GPL exercise in 1974
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311:. As a child, she was inspired to engineering and space exploration by the arrival of
951:
652:
Integrating Women into the
Astronaut Corps: Politics and Logistics at NASA, 1972–2004
375:
326:(FSU), and with a Master of Science in 1969. In 1973, she was awarded a doctorate in
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517:"FIT's Mary Helen McCay blazes trail at FSU, NASA, named Fellow of elite NAI"
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905:"Woman Scientists and Engineers Train In Simulated Weightless Environment"
322:
Johnston graduated in 1966 with a
Bachelor of Science in engineering from
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in training as a candidate payload specialist for space missions in 1973
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726:"Space History Photo: Materials Science Experiments Conducted at MSFC"
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840:
287:
631:
Effect of gravity forces on crystal growth parameters in tin
177:
Effect of gravity forces on crystal growth parameters in tin
454:
Johnston later spoke of her involvement in the mission:
687:
Shayler, David; Burgess, Colin (September 19, 2007).
426:
On June 5, 1983, she was selected as one of the four
927:"Space Shuttle Mission STS-51B Press Kit April 1985"
835:
833:
600:
Come Fly with Us: NASA's
Payload Specialist Program
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552:Shayler, David; Moule, Ian A. (August 29, 2006).
547:
545:
543:
784:Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1976 A Chronology
756:Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1976 A Chronology
463:She ended her astronaut career on May 6, 1985.
456:
807:
805:
421:NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal
88:NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal
8:
845:"Spacelab 3 payload specialist group named"
31:
20:
693:. Springer Science & Business Media.
597:Croft, Melvin; Youskauskas, John (2019).
558:. Springer Science & Business Media.
978:Florida Institute of Technology faculty
925:NASA (1985). Orloff, Richard W. (ed.).
496:
473:University of Tennessee Space Institute
218:University of Tennessee Space Institute
282:, is an American scientist and former
278:(born September 17, 1945), later also
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
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307:, Florida, and grew up in the nearby
7:
993:People from West Palm Beach, Florida
813:"Astronaut Biography: Mary Johnston"
555:Women in Space - Following Valentina
649:Foster, Amy E. (December 1, 2011).
319:, which was located near her home.
515:Datzman, Ken (February 19, 2018).
14:
209:Laser-induced surface improvement
875:"Varied flight assignments made"
603:. University of Nebraska Press.
303:Mary Helen Johnston was born in
16:American scientist and astronaut
1008:University of Tennessee faculty
998:21st-century American inventors
983:Florida State University alumni
477:Florida Institute of Technology
293:Florida Institute of Technology
222:Florida Institute of Technology
342:Johnston began working at the
1:
628:Johnston, Mary Helen (1973).
485:National Academy of Inventors
442:, also provided support from
988:University of Florida alumni
781:Ritchie, Eleanor H. (1984).
753:Ritchie, Eleanor H. (1984).
344:Marshall Space Flight Center
690:NASA's Scientist-Astronauts
1024:
528:. Vol. 36, no. 8
410:Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker
973:American women astronauts
357:In 1974, she worked with
328:metallurgical engineering
269:
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247:metallurgical engineering
231:
227:
142:
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134:
94:
30:
790:. NASA. pp. 95, 225
416:, but was unsuccessful.
370:were carried out in the
324:Florida State University
299:Early life and education
158:Florida State University
1003:Scientists from Florida
903:NASA (March 27, 2014).
873:NASA (June 29, 1984).
461:
419:Johnston received the
405:
354:
636:University of Florida
525:Brevard Business News
396:Johnston (left) with
395:
352:
332:University of Florida
251:Aerospace engineering
163:University of Florida
123:May 6, 1985
444:Johnson Space Center
317:Kennedy Space Center
79:Scientist, astronaut
968:American astronauts
762:. NASA. p. 270
428:payload specialists
276:Mary Helen Johnston
147:Academic background
25:Mary Helen Johnston
882:Space News Roundup
852:Space News Roundup
434:Spacelab mission (
406:
355:
188:David Hale Baldwin
53:September 17, 1945
700:978-0-387-49387-9
662:978-1-4214-0394-6
610:978-1-4962-1224-5
565:978-1-84628-078-8
414:Group 9 selection
402:Carolyn S. Griner
363:Carolyn S. Griner
273:
272:
243:Materials science
233:Scientific career
105:Spacelab-3 (1983)
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843:(July 1, 1983).
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634:(Ph.D. thesis).
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436:Spacelab-3 group
387:macrosegregation
280:Mary Helen McCay
185:Doctoral advisor
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37:Johnston in 1985
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305:West Palm Beach
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286:. Working with
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60:West Palm Beach
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734:. July 3, 2014
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385:remelting and
359:Doris Chandler
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963:Living people
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655:. JHU Press.
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376:Space Shuttle
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76:Occupation(s)
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62:, Florida, US
61:
55:(age 79)
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41:
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29:
22:
19:
934:. Retrieved
932:. p. 27
920:
908:. Retrieved
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886:. Retrieved
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856:. Retrieved
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820:. Retrieved
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792:. Retrieved
783:
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764:. Retrieved
755:
748:
736:. Retrieved
729:
720:
712:Google Books
710:– via
704:. Retrieved
689:
682:
674:Google Books
672:– via
666:. Retrieved
651:
644:
630:
623:
615:Google Books
613:– via
599:
577:Google Books
575:– via
569:. Retrieved
554:
530:. Retrieved
523:
481:
470:
467:Later career
462:
457:
453:
440:Eugene Trinh
425:
418:
407:
398:Ann Whitaker
380:
367:Ann Whitaker
356:
341:
321:
302:
279:
275:
274:
232:
214:Institutions
180: (1973)
176:
96:Space career
95:
18:
958:1945 births
884:. p. 1
854:. p. 4
817:Space Facts
338:NASA career
330:, from the
315:and by the
309:Fort Pierce
201:Engineering
68:Nationality
952:Categories
491:References
257:research,
198:Discipline
153:Alma mater
127:1985-05-06
120:Retirement
49:1945-09-17
738:April 23,
731:Space.com
706:April 23,
668:April 23,
571:April 23,
423:in 1982.
284:astronaut
102:Selection
936:March 1,
910:March 1,
888:March 1,
858:March 1,
822:March 1,
794:March 1,
766:March 1,
532:March 1,
432:STS-51-B
430:for the
383:dendrite
372:Spacelab
261:research
259:Hydrogen
160:(BS; MS)
114:STS-51-B
110:Missions
71:American
374:of the
313:Sputnik
125: (
697:
659:
607:
562:
239:Fields
171:Thesis
90:(1982)
84:Awards
930:(PDF)
878:(PDF)
848:(PDF)
788:(PDF)
760:(PDF)
520:(PDF)
255:Laser
165:(PhD)
938:2020
912:2020
890:2020
860:2020
841:NASA
824:2020
796:2020
768:2020
740:2019
708:2019
695:ISBN
670:2019
657:ISBN
605:ISBN
573:2019
560:ISBN
534:2020
400:and
365:and
288:NASA
43:Born
389:".
249:),
954::
880:.
850:.
832:^
815:.
804:^
728:.
585:^
542:^
522:.
499:^
487:.
361:,
295:.
253:,
51:)
940:.
914:.
892:.
862:.
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714:.
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245:(
129:)
47:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
