186:, formed in New York in 1940, Fry was to assist Jewish and anti-Nazi artists and intellectuals in leaving France. Marseille was the last free port in Europe. He had $ 3,000 and a short list of refugees, mostly Jews, under imminent threat of arrest by agents of the Gestapo. Other anti-Nazi writers, avant-garde artists, musicians and hundreds of others desperately seeking any chance to escape France came to his door. In the 1940 armistice agreement between Germany and defeated France, France had agreed to "surrender on demand" refugees to the Nazis.
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The Vichy government had been monitoring Fry's activities and arrested him in the fall of 1941, forcing him to return to the United States. About then, Gold was also forced to leave France, and returned to the US. Couraud escaped through Spain and went to
England, where he became a war hero flying in
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after returning to France, and her lover. Gold helped subsidize the ERC operation, which is credited with participating in the rescue of some 2,000 refugees. Among the escapees were notables such as the sculptor
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Instead of returning to the United States, Gold chose to remain in France. She joined Fry and
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Margaret and Egbert H. Gold. Her father owned a company that manufactured radiators and heating systems. The family was very wealthy. Gold was educated at the
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After the war, Gold maintained an apartment in New York City but lived primarily in a house she had built in the village of
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on
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Gold was living in a Paris apartment in 1940 when France fell to the onslaught of the
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Anne Frank
Remembered: The Story of the Woman who Helped to Hide the Frank family
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Anne Frank
Remembered: The Story of the Woman Who Helped Hide the Frank Family
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occupied, was under the control of the collaborationist
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In
Defiance of Hitler: The Secret Mission of Varian Fry
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This novel was adapted as a limited television series,
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Gold never married and had no children. She died of
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escape from Nazi-occupied France in 1940–41, during
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