1091:
33:
786:
991:
87:
213:
1190:, and one was seen hunting tadpoles. Milbert may in any case have been referring to arboreal snails, as extant blue pigeons rarely land on the ground. A diet of snails would have provided the birds with calcium for egg production. Pretorius attempted to keep juvenile and adult Mauritius blue pigeons in captivity, but all his specimens died. This is probably because the species was almost exclusively frugivorous, like extant blue pigeons.
1203:
890:
777:
61:
430:
768:
906:
872:, the name also used for the Mauritius blue pigeon, as both species have the red, white and blue colours similar to the Dutch flag. While Vosmaer's record of the bird coming from Mauritius was misleading, it may have been correct since it was probably shipped from the Seychelles via Mauritius, and would likely therefore have been reported as such (the Seychelles were a
1219:, which still survives on Mauritius today, but it was reputed to be. In spite of this, it was hunted for food, and some early accounts praised the flavour of the bird. Extant blue pigeons are also considered good food, and are heavily hunted as a result, and it appears another population of them was hunted to extinction from the
962:
Some depictions and descriptions have shown the legs of
Mauritius blue pigeons as red, like those of the Madagascar blue pigeon. The legs of the Paris specimen were painted red when the original colour faded, presumably on the basis of such accounts. The legs of the two other surviving specimens have
918:
The feathers on the head, neck and breast of the
Mauritius blue pigeon were silvery white, long, stiffened and pointed, especially around the neck. A patch of bright red, naked skin surrounded the eyes, and extended across the cheeks to the beak, which was greenish with a dark tip. The plumage of the
1255:
When she was a girl and used to go into the forest with her father de Chazal, she has seen quantities of Pigeon
Hollandais and Merles , both species were so tame they might be knocked down with sticks, & her father used to kill more that way than by shooting them, as she was a nervous child. Her
1137:
The second is the pigeon with a mane; the inhabitants of the Ile de France call it pigeon hollandais; the head, neck and chest are adorned with long pointed white feathers which it can raise at will; the rest of the body, and the wings, are a fine deep violet; the end of the tail is a purplish red.
863:
in 1969, this may have blinded later researchers, even when the coloured version resurfaced. Cheke found it perfectly clear that the colouration was consistent with a
Seychelles blue pigeon, as its tail is dark blue instead of red, and the crown is red instead of white. Cheke also suggested that the
1198:
The
Mauritius blue pigeon coexisted with humans for 200 years. Its decline can be correlated with deforestation, which is also the main threat to extant blue pigeons. Little lowland forest was left on the island by 1859. Frugivorous birds often need a large area for foraging and move between forest
1009:
of the island is severely damaged and hard to reconstruct. Before humans arrived, forests covered
Mauritius entirely, but very little remains today because of deforestation. The surviving endemic fauna is still seriously threatened. The Mauritius blue pigeon lived alongside other recently extinct
397:
The bird was first mentioned in the 17th century and was described several times thereafter, but very few accounts describe the behaviour of living specimens. The oldest record of the species is two sketches from a 1601–1603 ship's journal. Several stuffed specimens reached Europe in the 18th and
958:
were 28 mm (1.10 in). It was the largest and most robust member of its genus, and the hackles were longer and covered a larger area than in other blue pigeons. A Mauritian woman recalling observations of
Mauritius blue pigeons around 1815 mentioned green as one of its colours. Juvenile
1214:
Cossigny noted that the bird had become rare by 1755, but were common 23 years before, and attributed the decline to deforestation and hunting by escaped slaves. On the other hand, Bonnaterre stated they were still common in 1790. The
Mauritius blue pigeon was not seasonally poisonous like the
1256:
father always warned her before he fired, but she would entreat him to knock the bird down with his stick & not to shoot it – she said the last Pigeon
Hollandais she saw was about 27 years ago just after she married poor old Moon, it was brought out of the forest by a
1234:
The last confirmed specimen was shot in the
Savanne district in 1826, but the 1832 report by Desjardins suggests that some could still be found in remote forests in the centre of the island. Convinced that the pigeon still survived, the British ornithologist
835:. This is a characteristic behaviour of other blue pigeons, too, and they can also vibrate their hackles. The director of the menagerie, Arnout Vosmaer, wrote a description of this individual on the back of the coloured drawing, stating it was called "
398:
19th centuries, while only three stuffed specimens exist today. A live bird kept in the Netherlands around 1790 was long thought to have been a Mauritius blue pigeon, but examination of illustrations depicting it have shown it was most likely a
967:, like those of the Seychelles blue pigeon. This feature was unknown from contemporary accounts, until the 1660s report of Johannes Pretorius about his stay on Mauritius was published in 2015, where he mentioned the bird's "warty face".
963:
not been painted and have faded to a yellowish brown. This feature is not mentioned in contemporary accounts, and such depictions are thought to be erroneous. Some modern illustrations of the bird have also depicted it with facial
851:
suggested that the image depicts a male, which was described as "infinitely more handsome" than the female by Cossigny in the mid-18th century. Hume therefore interpreted the three surviving skins as belonging to female specimens.
422:, but were not published until 1969. François Cauche in 1651 briefly mentioned "white, black and red turtle doves", encountered in 1638, which is thought to be the first unequivocal mention of the bird. The next account is that of
1239:
interviewed two inhabitants of Mauritius about the Mauritius blue pigeon in 1863, and these accounts suggest that the bird survived until at least 1837. The first interviewee claimed he had killed two specimens when the British
1138:
It is one of the finest species of its kind ... The second of these birds lives solitary in river valleys, where I have often seen it without being able to secure one. It eats fruit and fresh water molluscs.
846:
Unlike the three surviving skins of Mauritius blue pigeons, Haasbroek's illustration shows a red forehead. Both sexes of the Seychelles blue pigeon also have red foreheads, and the English palaeontologist
859:
elaborated on this point in 2020 (after a third Haasbroek illustration of this individual resurfaced at an auction), and noted that because one of Haasbroek's paintings was originally published in
979:, like their extant relatives. Subfossil remains have been found in mid-west, mid-east and south-east Mauritius, indicating that the bird was once widespread. By 1812, the French naturalist
983:
stated that solitary individuals were found in river valleys. They probably became rarer during French rule in Mauritius (1715–1810), as lowland areas of the island were almost completely
975:
Few descriptions of the behaviour of Mauritius blue pigeons are known; unpublished notes by Desjardins are now lost. The bird probably lived in pairs or small groups in humid, mountainous
2044:
Cheke, A. S. (2009), "Data sources for 18th century French encyclopaedists – what they used and omitted: evidence of data lost and ignored from the Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean",
1475:"Correcting an egregious error -rediscovering early images of the Seychelles Blue Pigeon Alectroenas pulcherrimus, with a comment on Sonnerat's original misapplied geographical location"
1133:, and the strong gizzard of the former helps in the digestion of the seeds. In 1812 Jacques GĂ©rard Milbert provided the only description of the behaviour of the bird in the wild:
1247:
stayed on the island, which was 1826–37. The second was a woman who had last seen a bird around this time, and recalled hunts of it in approximately 1815, in a swampy area near
1105:, and migrated seasonally to where food was available. Cossigny dissected a specimen in the mid-18th century and later sent it and its stomach contents to the French scientist
390:. The juveniles may have been partially green. It was 30 cm (12 in) long and larger and more robust than any other blue pigeon species. It fed on fruits, nuts, and
382:
around the head, neck and breast and blue plumage on the body, and it was red on the tail and the bare parts of the head. These colours were thought similar to those of the
2461:
823:
thought to show the species depict this individual; they were drawn by the Dutch artist Gijsbertus Haasbroek and first published by Piet Tuijn in 1969 (along with the
2441:
2456:
2359:
466:
2139:
Hume, J. P. (2011). "Systematics, morphology, and ecology of pigeons and doves (Aves: Columbidae) of the Mascarene Islands, with three new species".
2307:
2333:
1652:
1106:
698:
Compared with other pigeons, the blue pigeons are medium to large, stocky, and have longer wings and tails. All the species have distinct mobile
1199:
types to feed on different types of food, which grow irregularly. Other blue pigeons perch on bare branches, making them vulnerable to hunters.
2426:
1047:
855:
In 2020, the Dutch researcher and artist Ria Winters noted that the depicted bird was in fact a Seychelles blue pigeon. The British ecologist
2451:
2160:
2129:
1847:
1576:
1566:
1549:
1358:
1912:
Hume, J. P.; Winters, R. (2015). "Captive birds on Dutch Mauritius: Bad-tempered parrots, warty pigeons and notes on other native animals".
1101:
Fruits and nuts were probably the mainstay of the Mauritius blue pigeon's diet, and like other blue pigeons, it may have occupied the upper
2446:
1244:
1260:. She said it was larger than a tame pigeon & was all the colours of the rainbow, particularly about the head, red, green & blue.
1830:
Winters, R. (2020). "The Dutch East India Company and the Transport of Live Exotic Animals in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries".
1728:"Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences support a Cretaceous origin of Columbiformes and a dispersal-driven radiation in the Paleogene"
2072:
950:
The bird was 30 cm (12 in) in length, the wings were 208 mm (8.2 in), the tail was 132 mm (5.2 in), the
1090:
2436:
418:. The birds appear to have been freshly killed or stunned. The drawings were made by the Dutch artist Joris Joostensz Laerle on
1767:
Shapiro, B.; Sibthorpe, D.; Rambaut, A.; Austin, J.; Wragg, G. M.; Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P.; Lee, P. L. M.; Cooper, A. (2002).
2338:
1125:
1051:
959:
Seychelles and Comoro blue pigeons have green feathers, so this may also have been the case for juvenile Mauritian pigeons.
624:
by Théodore Sauzier in 1889. More were collected by Etienne Thirioux around 1900. They are thought to have been found near
423:
32:
999:
785:
812:
602:
586:
41:
2223:
86:
2364:
807:
A blue pigeon recorded as being from Mauritius was brought to the Netherlands around 1790, where it survived in the
1063:
1059:
513:
980:
1519:
577:
Another skin arrived at the Paris museum in 1800, collected by Colonel M. Mathieu for the French ornithologist
505:
482:
272:
250:
202:
990:
1605:
1019:
559:
497:
261:
1627:
469:
in Paris. By 1893, only one of them, specimen MNHN n°C.G. 2000–727, still existed, and had been damaged by
2258:
2185:
1147:
1119:
1095:
798:
672:
656:
414:
The oldest record of the Mauritius blue pigeon is two sketches in the 1601–1603 journal of the Dutch ship
399:
589:
as specimen MU No. 624. It was not identified as a Mauritius blue pigeon until the British ornithologist
2385:
1068:
1055:
1043:
727:
684:
486:
182:
629:
366:. It has two extinct relatives from the Mascarenes and three extant ones from other islands. It is the
1656:
1317:
856:
2431:
2250:
2232:
1210:
ship's journal showing recently killed or stunned birds on Mauritius, by Joris Joostensz Laerle, 1601
1269:
1265:
1027:
1023:
873:
664:
571:
283:
50:
2166:
1929:
1853:
1374:
1248:
1074:
1035:
517:
229:
81:
2390:
2237:
2372:
2351:
2281:
2156:
2125:
2068:
1843:
1791:
1749:
1572:
1545:
1428:
1354:
1187:
955:
924:
683:
islands were each home to a species, all of which are extinct: the Mauritius blue pigeon, the
598:
478:
2377:
2148:
2067:. New York: American Committee for International Wild Life Protection 13. pp. 292–294.
2012:
1979:
1921:
1835:
1783:
1739:
1696:
1390:
1312:
1224:
1102:
976:
738:), from which they separated 8–9 million years ago. Their ancestral group appears to be the
2263:
1264:
It can be concluded that the Mauritius blue pigeon became extinct in the 1830s. Apart from
1005:
Many other endemic species of Mauritius became extinct after the arrival of humans, so the
797:
long thought to depict a displaying Mauritius blue pigeon, but now believed to have been a
212:
2403:
1257:
1228:
995:
715:
707:
618:
458:
450:
442:
643:
blue pigeons are closely interrelated and occur widely throughout islands in the western
1294:
1202:
1072:
lived on Mauritius and RĂ©union but became extinct in both islands. Some plants, such as
1700:
1220:
1155:
1151:
1039:
1031:
944:
936:
848:
747:
718:
by "island hopping". They may have evolved into a distinct genus there before reaching
578:
470:
889:
2420:
2346:
1857:
1303:
1236:
1177:
951:
820:
794:
731:
590:
539:
403:
71:
2170:
1933:
1346:
1172:
896:
776:
652:
644:
555:
429:
367:
359:
2286:
2273:
2122:
Lost Land of the Dodo: an Ecological History of Mauritius, RĂ©union & Rodrigues
1925:
1787:
2320:
2217:
1839:
1216:
1163:
1079:
964:
832:
767:
739:
703:
526:
343:
158:
1474:
1412:
905:
2398:
2152:
2017:
2000:
1984:
1967:
1744:
1727:
984:
940:
860:
828:
719:
711:
648:
610:
606:
474:
454:
383:
363:
148:
138:
65:
2208:
1768:
1432:
1394:
1006:
928:
840:
808:
680:
614:
582:
419:
355:
351:
221:
98:
1795:
1753:
453:
that derives from its red, white, and blue colouration, reminiscent of the
2202:
1182:
1159:
1143:
1015:
723:
625:
434:
391:
347:
118:
1117:
contained four "nuts", which Cossigny was told were the seeds of either
609:, where it is still located, though in poor condition. Only these three
2312:
2245:
1241:
1110:
932:
751:
699:
594:
462:
379:
339:
336:
2325:
1726:
Pereira, S. L.; Johnson, K. P.; Clayton, D. H.; Baker, A. J. (2007).
920:
816:
108:
2299:
2179:
1687:
Shelley, G. E. (1883). "On the Columbidae of the Ethiopian Region".
911:
1808 illustration by J. Reinold, erroneously showing the legs as red
402:. The species is thought to have become extinct in the 1830s due to
2294:
1201:
1089:
989:
939:. The bill was greenish with a darker tip, and the legs were dark
621:
521:
428:
371:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
461:). He had collected two specimens during a voyage in 1774. These
1154:
in 1893, with the later agreement of the American ornithologist
1114:
1011:
839:", could turn its head-feathers upwards like a collar, and made
547:
128:
2183:
2046:
Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series
710:
short. The blue pigeons may have colonised the Mascarenes, the
1227:
islands. The Mauritius blue pigeon was easy to catch due to
617:
remains of the Mauritius blue pigeon were collected in the
1676:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. p. 227.
1353:(revised ed.). New York: Comstock. pp. 179–182.
931:
were partially blackish blue. The tail feathers and tail
516:) in his 1790 description. In 1840 the English zoologist
504:(referring to France) in 1789, and the French naturalist
477:. Since Sonnerat named and described them in French, the
593:
saw it in 1879. The last specimen recorded was shot in
457:(the French flag did not have these colours before the
394:, and was once widespread in the forests of Mauritius.
1129:. The Comoro and Seychelles blue pigeons also feed on
2100:
2098:
2096:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1892:
1890:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
927:
and wings were metallic blue. The bases of the outer
581:. It was sold in 1819 among other items, was sent to
386:, a resemblance reflected in its French common name,
18:
Extinct bird in the family Columbidae from Mauritius
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1492:
843:
sounding like "baf baf", as well as a cooing sound.
2192:
558:of the genus, which includes all blue pigeons. The
532:
1968:"The legacy of the dodo—conservation in Mauritius"
1628:"Alectroenas nitidissimus - Mauritius Blue Pigeon"
1162:. It has since been pointed out that other mainly
489:Sonnerat's description in 1786. He named the bird
433:Illustration of a stuffed specimen published with
1524:Deliciae florae faunae insubricae, seu Novae, etc
1381: – dodo and other birds on Mauritius 1601".
1318:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22691601A93318208.en
947:was reddish orange and had an inner yellow ring.
1832:Animal Trade Histories in the Indian Ocean World
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
481:of the bird was left to the Tyrolean naturalist
2124:. New Haven and London: T. & A. D. Poyser.
1253:
1135:
1571:. London: Christopher Helm. pp. 68, 163.
1535:
1533:
485:, who did not observe a specimen himself, but
1544:. London: A & C Black. pp. 159–160.
1413:"Notes on the extinct pigeon from Mauritius,
8:
1907:
1905:
1568:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1881:
1661:. London: Hutchinson & Co. p. 163.
1109:with a letter describing his findings. The
1094:1907 illustration of the Paris specimen by
868:" mentioned by Vosmaer was a corruption of
2180:
1268:and hunting, introduced predators, mainly
211:
59:
31:
22:
2087:
2031:
2016:
1983:
1743:
1713:
1457:
1316:
1176:, do occasionally eat molluscs and other
1158:in 1967, as blue pigeons are principally
1046:. Extinct Mauritian reptiles include the
500:described the bird with the species name
2462:Species made extinct by human activities
2065:Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World
1146:was criticised by the French zoologists
1468:
1466:
1406:
1404:
1285:
493:, which means "most brilliant pigeon".
445:described the bird in 1782, calling it
244:
2442:Taxa named by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
1048:saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise
655:. There are three extant species: the
2457:Extinct birds of Indian Ocean islands
1377:(2003). "The journal of the flagship
1142:The claim that the bird fed on river
424:Jean-François Charpentier de Cossigny
7:
2104:
1953:
1896:
1817:
1591:
1526:(in Latin). Vol. 2. p. 93.
1506:
1445:
954:was 25 mm (1 in), and the
827:sketches). The illustrations show a
467:Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
1304:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
801:, by Gijsbertus Haasbroek, ca. 1790
651:and can therefore be regarded as a
2120:Cheke, A. S.; Hume, J. P. (2008).
1701:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1883.tb07172.x
1272:, were probably also responsible.
1186:have also been reported as eating
14:
1540:Hume, J. P.; Walters, M. (2012).
1107:René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur
815:for three months before dying of
530:, for the Mauritius blue pigeon;
904:
888:
831:male raising its hackles into a
784:
775:
766:
691:), and the RĂ©union blue pigeon (
603:Mauritius Natural History Museum
465:specimens were deposited in the
85:
1293:BirdLife International (2016).
1674:Pigeons and Doves of the World
1604:Gill, F.; Donsker, D. (2012).
1126:Labourdonnaisia calophylloides
1052:domed Mauritius giant tortoise
706:is comparatively long and the
1:
2427:IUCN Red List extinct species
2001:"Wildlife in Mauritius today"
1926:10.1080/08912963.2015.1036750
1788:10.1126/science.295.5560.1683
1000:Naturalis Biodiversity Center
2452:Extinct animals of Mauritius
1166:pigeons, such as species of
1082:, have also become extinct.
1010:Mauritian birds such as the
44:, one of three in existence
2447:Bird extinctions since 1500
1840:10.1007/978-3-030-42595-1_2
1383:Archives of Natural History
1251:, south western Mauritius:
876:of Mauritius at the time).
813:William V, Prince of Orange
587:National Museum of Scotland
533:
315:Schlegel & Pollen, 1868
42:National Museum of Scotland
2480:
1064:small Mauritian flying fox
1060:Round Island burrowing boa
702:on the head and neck. The
2153:10.11646/zootaxa.3124.1.1
2018:10.1017/S0030605300012643
1985:10.1017/S0030605300020457
1745:10.1080/10635150701549672
1632:National Museums Scotland
449:(Dutch pigeon), a French
426:in the mid-18th century.
235:
228:
219:
210:
188:
181:
82:Scientific classification
80:
57:
48:
39:
30:
25:
2404:Alectroenas-nitidissimus
2194:Alectroenas nitidissimus
2063:Greenway, J. C. (1967).
1395:10.3366/anh.2003.30.1.13
1311:: e.T22691601A93318208.
1297:Alectroenas nitidissimus
736:Drepanoptila holosericea
506:Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre
483:Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
332:Alectroenas nitidissimus
299:Alectroenas nitidissimus
195:Alectroenas nitidissimus
2437:Birds described in 1786
2238:Alectroenas_nitidissima
2224:Alectroenas nitidissima
1882:Hume & Walters 2012
1565:Jobling, J. A. (2010).
1415:Alectroenas nitidissima
1020:Mascarene grey parakeet
613:specimens still exist.
552:Alectroenas nitidissima
498:Johann Friedrich Gmelin
1999:Temple, S. A. (1974).
1262:
1211:
1148:Alphonse Milne-Edwards
1140:
1120:Calophyllum tacamahaca
1098:
1096:John Gerrard Keulemans
1002:
981:Jacques GĂ©rard Milbert
799:Seychelles blue pigeon
673:Seychelles blue pigeon
657:Madagascar blue pigeon
496:The German naturalist
441:The French naturalist
438:
400:Seychelles blue pigeon
304:Columbigallus franciae
26:Mauritius blue pigeon
2386:Paleobiology Database
2088:Cheke & Hume 2008
2032:Cheke & Hume 2008
1966:Cheke, A. S. (1987).
1714:Cheke & Hume 2008
1608:. IOC World Bird List
1473:Cheke, A. S. (2020).
1458:Cheke & Hume 2008
1205:
1180:. The two species of
1093:
1069:Tropidophora carinata
1056:Mauritian giant skink
1044:Mauritius night heron
993:
971:Behaviour and ecology
895:1811 illustration by
758:Misidentified records
728:cloven-feathered dove
685:Rodrigues blue pigeon
597:in 1826 and given to
432:
327:Mauritius blue pigeon
312:Ptilopus nitidissimus
1769:"Flight of the Dodo"
1672:Goodwin, D. (1983).
1270:crab-eating macaques
866:Pavillons Hollandais
837:Pavillons Hollandais
585:, and is now in the
291:Alectroenas franciae
174:A. nitidissimus
40:Mounted skin in the
1884:, pp. 159–160.
1266:habitat destruction
1028:Mauritius scops owl
1024:broad-billed parrot
714:or a now submerged
665:Comoros blue pigeon
661:A. madagascariensis
572:IOC World Bird List
491:Columba nitidissima
437:'s 1782 description
247:Columba nitidissima
51:Conservation status
1914:Historical Biology
1834:. pp. 27–63.
1732:Systematic Biology
1606:"Taxonomy 3.1–3.5"
1411:Tuijn, P. (1969).
1249:Black River Gorges
1212:
1099:
1075:Casearia tinifolia
1036:Mauritian shelduck
1003:
987:during this time.
518:George Robert Gray
439:
68: (ca. 1830s)
2414:
2413:
2373:Open Tree of Life
2186:Taxon identifiers
2162:978-1-86977-825-5
2131:978-0-7136-6544-4
2034:, pp. 49–52.
1849:978-3-030-42594-4
1578:978-1-4081-2501-4
1551:978-1-4081-5725-1
1360:978-0-8014-3954-4
1188:freshwater snails
977:evergreen forests
925:scapular feathers
899:showing dark legs
870:pigeon hollandais
819:. The only known
630:Plaine des Roches
601:, founder of the
599:Julien Desjardins
562:was emended from
479:scientific naming
473:in an attempt at
447:Pigeon Hollandais
388:Pigeon Hollandais
374:of blue pigeons,
323:
322:
316:
308:
295:
287:
276:
265:
254:
241:
75:
2469:
2407:
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2394:
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2251:BE8566B00A06FE64
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2240:
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2181:
2174:
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2054:
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2041:
2035:
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2020:
1996:
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1963:
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1951:
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1894:
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1799:
1773:
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1486:
1470:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1427:(218): 163–170.
1417:(Scopoli, 1786)"
1408:
1399:
1398:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1343:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1320:
1290:
1206:Sketches in the
923:, and the back,
908:
892:
857:Anthony S. Cheke
788:
779:
770:
726:relative is the
722:. Their closest
536:
314:
306:
293:
282:
271:
269:Columba batavica
260:
258:Columba franciae
249:
239:
215:
197:
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90:
89:
69:
63:
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35:
23:
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2207:
2206:
2201:
2188:
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2138:
2132:
2119:
2111:
2103:
2094:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2026:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1952:
1941:
1911:
1910:
1903:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1865:
1850:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1816:
1803:
1771:
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1725:
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1720:
1712:
1708:
1686:
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1646:
1636:
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1626:
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1579:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1539:
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1518:
1517:
1513:
1505:
1490:
1472:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1440:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1345:
1344:
1333:
1323:
1321:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1278:
1229:island tameness
1196:
1088:
996:tarsometatarsus
973:
916:
915:
914:
913:
912:
909:
901:
900:
893:
882:
805:
804:
803:
802:
791:
790:
789:
781:
780:
772:
771:
760:
716:hot spot island
708:tarsometatarsus
638:
619:Mare aux Songes
564:A. nitidissimus
538:in Greek means
459:1789 revolution
451:vernacular name
443:Pierre Sonnerat
412:
406:and predation.
378:. It had white
319:
243:
242:
206:
199:
191:
190:
177:
84:
76:
64:
60:
53:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2395:
2382:
2369:
2356:
2343:
2330:
2317:
2304:
2291:
2278:
2268:
2255:
2242:
2229:
2214:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2176:
2175:
2161:
2136:
2130:
2110:
2109:
2092:
2090:, p. 124.
2080:
2074:978-0486218694
2073:
2055:
2036:
2024:
2011:(5): 584–590.
1991:
1958:
1939:
1901:
1886:
1863:
1848:
1822:
1801:
1782:(5560): 1683.
1759:
1738:(4): 656–672.
1718:
1706:
1695:(3): 258–331.
1679:
1664:
1653:Rothschild, W.
1644:
1619:
1596:
1584:
1577:
1557:
1550:
1529:
1520:Scopoli, G. A.
1511:
1488:
1462:
1460:, p. 143.
1450:
1438:
1400:
1366:
1359:
1331:
1284:
1277:
1274:
1195:
1192:
1156:James Greenway
1152:Emile Oustalet
1087:
1084:
1066:and the snail
1040:Mauritian duck
1032:Mascarene coot
972:
969:
910:
903:
902:
894:
887:
886:
885:
884:
883:
881:
878:
849:Julian P. Hume
793:
792:
783:
782:
774:
773:
765:
764:
763:
762:
761:
759:
756:
748:Southeast Asia
677:A. pulcherrima
637:
634:
579:Louis Dufresne
568:A. nitidissima
512:(referring to
508:used the name
471:sulphuric acid
411:
408:
321:
320:
318:
317:
309:
307:Des Murs, 1854
301:
296:
288:
280:Columba jubata
277:
266:
255:
238:
237:
236:
233:
232:
226:
225:
217:
216:
208:
207:
200:
186:
185:
179:
178:
170:
168:
164:
163:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
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116:
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111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
78:
77:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2475:
2474:
2463:
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2445:
2443:
2440:
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2433:
2430:
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2422:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2107:, p. 38.
2106:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1956:, p. 37.
1955:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:, p. 36.
1898:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1823:
1820:, p. 35.
1819:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1716:, p. 67.
1715:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1658:Extinct Birds
1654:
1648:
1645:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1594:, p. 28.
1593:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1543:
1542:Extinct Birds
1536:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1509:, p. 31.
1508:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1451:
1448:, p. 33.
1447:
1442:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1416:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1362:
1356:
1352:
1351:Extinct Birds
1348:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:James Simpson
1243:
1238:
1237:Edward Newton
1232:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:invertebrates
1175:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1131:C. tacamahaca
1128:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
986:
982:
978:
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968:
966:
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948:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
907:
898:
891:
879:
877:
875:
871:
867:
862:
858:
853:
850:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:life drawings
818:
814:
810:
800:
796:
795:Life drawings
787:
778:
769:
757:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
732:New Caledonia
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:). The three
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
635:
633:
631:
628:mountain and
627:
623:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
591:Alfred Newton
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
561:
560:specific name
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:domestic cock
537:
535:
529:
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
436:
431:
427:
425:
421:
417:
409:
407:
405:
404:deforestation
401:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
338:
334:
333:
328:
313:
310:
305:
302:
300:
297:
292:
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278:
274:
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267:
263:
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252:
248:
245:
234:
231:
227:
223:
218:
214:
209:
204:
198:
196:
187:
184:
183:Binomial name
180:
176:
175:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:Columbiformes
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
88:
83:
79:
73:
67:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
24:
21:
16:
2193:
2177:
2144:
2140:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2083:
2064:
2058:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2027:
2008:
2004:
1994:
1978:(1): 29–36.
1975:
1971:
1961:
1917:
1913:
1831:
1825:
1779:
1775:
1762:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1709:
1692:
1688:
1682:
1673:
1667:
1657:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1631:
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1599:
1587:
1567:
1560:
1541:
1523:
1514:
1482:
1478:
1453:
1441:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1389:(1): 13–27.
1386:
1382:
1378:
1369:
1350:
1322:. Retrieved
1308:
1302:
1296:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1263:
1254:
1233:
1213:
1207:
1197:
1181:
1173:Gallicolumba
1171:
1167:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1100:
1073:
1067:
1004:
998:leg-bone in
974:
965:crenulations
961:
949:
917:
897:Pauline Knip
869:
865:
854:
845:
836:
824:
806:
743:
735:
697:
692:
689:A. payandeei
688:
676:
668:
660:
653:superspecies
645:Indian Ocean
640:
639:
576:
567:
563:
556:type species
551:
543:
531:
525:
520:named a new
509:
501:
495:
490:
446:
440:
415:
413:
396:
387:
375:
368:type species
360:Indian Ocean
331:
330:
326:
324:
311:
303:
298:
290:
279:
268:
257:
246:
220:Location of
194:
189:
173:
172:
159:
20:
15:
2432:Alectroenas
2321:iNaturalist
2218:Wikispecies
1375:Hume, J. P.
1324:13 November
1217:pink pigeon
1164:frugivorous
1080:palm orchid
880:Description
740:fruit doves
704:tibiotarsus
671:), and the
669:A. sganzini
647:. They are
641:Alectroenas
527:Alectroenas
376:Alectroenas
344:blue pigeon
160:Alectroenas
2421:Categories
2399:Xeno-canto
1421:Beaufortia
1379:Gelderland
1347:Fuller, E.
1276:References
1225:Providence
1208:Gelderland
1194:Extinction
1168:Ptilinopus
994:Subfossil
985:deforested
941:slate-grey
874:dependency
861:monochrome
829:displaying
825:Gelderland
744:Ptilinopus
720:Madagascar
712:Seychelles
649:allopatric
611:taxidermic
607:Port Louis
475:fumigation
455:Dutch flag
416:Gelderland
384:Dutch flag
364:Madagascar
354:island of
294:Gray, 1840
273:Bonnaterre
149:Columbidae
2105:Hume 2011
1954:Hume 2011
1897:Hume 2011
1858:226613585
1818:Hume 2011
1592:Hume 2011
1507:Hume 2011
1446:Hume 2011
1433:0067-4745
1281:Citations
1007:ecosystem
929:rectrices
919:body was
809:menagerie
681:Mascarene
636:Evolution
615:Subfossil
583:Edinburgh
574:in 2012.
534:alektruon
487:Latinised
420:Mauritius
356:Mauritius
352:Mascarene
346:formerly
222:Mauritius
167:Species:
105:Kingdom:
99:Eukaryota
2352:22691601
2264:22691601
2259:BirdLife
2203:Wikidata
2171:86886330
2147:: 1–62.
1934:84473440
1920:(6): 1.
1796:11872833
1754:17661233
1655:(1907).
1612:11 March
1522:(1786).
1485:: 54–59.
1479:Phelsuma
1349:(2001).
1221:Farquhar
1183:Nesoenas
1160:arboreal
1144:molluscs
1078:and the
1058:and the
1042:and the
1016:red rail
626:Le Pouce
510:batavica
502:franciae
435:Sonnerat
410:Taxonomy
392:molluscs
362:east of
335:) is an
230:Synonyms
224:in blue
145:Family:
119:Chordata
115:Phylum:
109:Animalia
95:Domain:
72:IUCN 3.1
2378:3596526
2365:2953363
2339:1125259
2313:2495384
2300:mabpig2
2274:mabpig2
2246:Avibase
2209:Q510638
2141:Zootaxa
2114:Sources
1776:Science
1637:21 July
1242:Colonel
1111:gizzard
956:tarsals
933:coverts
752:Oceania
724:genetic
700:hackles
663:), the
595:Savanne
570:by the
554:is the
514:Batavia
463:syntype
380:hackles
370:of the
358:in the
350:to the
348:endemic
340:species
337:extinct
251:Scopoli
205:, 1786)
203:Scopoli
192:†
171:†
155:Genus:
135:Order:
125:Class:
70: (
66:Extinct
2391:371504
2326:201055
2169:
2159:
2128:
2071:
1932:
1856:
1846:
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