409:. Only the pagoda's foundations remain, which show that it was originally square, measuring 5.50x5.65 m. Below the funerary pagoda and tumulus, the princess' burial comprised an entry passage, tomb entrance, internal passage, and burial chamber. The burial chamber is underground, and was excavated in October 1980. The burial chamber measured 2.10x3.10 m and was built from bricks, with stone slabs forming the roof. The mounds of earth lined with stones demonstrate the continuance of Goguryeo-style tomb but the formal clothing shows Tang style, which implies that Balhae actively accepted the Tang culture. There were originally 12
373:
49:
42:
1105:
1117:
312:). They excavated the Mausoleum of Princess Jeonghyo in the Dragon Sea section. At the same time, members of the museum, in addition to other organisations, conducted a survey of a 7.5 km area. Local archaeologists were also invited to conduct test excavations on some of the other tombs, which produced various precious artefacts.
503:
demonstrating how Balhae was inherited of
Goguryeo's crowns. Reconstruction showed that the bones belong to a woman, presumably the princess; but there is also a male, possibly an attendant or child. But family ancestry records do state that the princess married and had a daughter who was born in 782 but died in 787.
315:
In 1982, the
Yanbian Museum excavated seven tombs in the Dragon Sea area. All seven were clustered quite close together, but the tomb roofs had already collapsed. Some tombs cut through older tombs. Two of these tombs contained two people, who had been interred at the same time; four tombs contained
413:
depicting people on the rear walls of the internal passage and north, east, and west walls of the burial chamber. The chamber is surrounded by four murals on each wall, depicting thirteen people in action, such as warriors (3), chamber attendants, musicians, and maids, wearing red, blue, yellow,
439:
style, are inscribed in 18 horizontal lines. The epitaph is of a typical combined written form, which contained both the chronological writings of the
Princess' whole life and the remembrance writings which displayed the praise and remembrance for the Princess. The Balhae scholar author of this
502:
The skeletal remains were scattered all over the chamber when discovered by archaeologists, due to previous looting. However, the looters missed several golden and copper items, jewelry, pottery, and figurines. The gold ornament depicting a three stranded bird's wing is a piece of evidence
316:
two people, who had been interred one after the other; one tomb contained four people, one of whom was first interred, followed by the other three on a separate occasion. In the cases of a secondary burial, the second person was placed on top of the first body's head or feet.
483:"Jeonghyo" to qualify her as virtuous and filial. She was likely a horse-rider, as the remains of a horse were found in the chamber. The epitaph recorded the year of death as 792. This corrected previous works such as Jin Yufu's (
289:
1178:
1148:
933:
1183:
1168:
861:
1018:
440:
epitaph was highly learned in the traditional
Chinese literature, as reflected in the use of poetic lines modeled upon poets of the early Tang dynasty.
98:
877:
41:
589:
1153:
910:
840:
757:
530:
1158:
563:
748:
708:
349:
One robbed-out tumulus to the south-east. The inner north, east, and west walls were plastered, but the tomb had collapsed by 2012.
479:) (western Gregorian solar calendar Monday, 11 January 810, Chinese lunar calendar 28th day of the 11th month). She was given the
304:
The first excavations at
Longtou Mountain were conducted in 1980 by the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture Museum of Jilin (
660:
640:
614:
835:
1163:
1173:
1031:
970:
453:
414:
purple, and brown robes. The murals displayed the image of the Balhae people in its completeness for the first time.
372:
282:
271:
903:
609:
Lee Injae, Owen Miller, Park
Jinhoon, Yi Hyun-hae, 《Korean History in Maps》, Cambridge University Press, 2014.
690:
1036:
978:
175:
463:
The epitaph also recorded that the
Princess died on Monday, 6 July 792, during the fifty-sixth year of the
655:, Anne Walthall, "Pre-Modern East Asia:A Cultural, Social and Political History", Cengage Learning, 2013.
652:
896:
741:
593:
1075:
720:
456:(貞惠公主). The epitaph shows that Balhae considered its ruler as an emperor equivalent to that of the
538:
983:
856:
1121:
955:
656:
636:
610:
432:
17:
1026:
734:
305:
1143:
1080:
819:
788:
712:
567:
480:
381:
705:
533:[Cultural remains of the Balhae Kingdom:the ancient tombs at Longtou Mountain].
1109:
1054:
942:
726:
436:
1137:
1003:
681:
Northeast
History Foundation, "Journal of Northeast Asian History" Vol. 4, 1–2, p. 92
464:
449:
267:
154:
292:
since
January 13, 1988. The walls and the murals of the tomb have been covered with
793:
457:
296:; at one point the tomb included at least one tower, but it is no longer standing.
266:
Construction on the first tombs at
Longtou Mountain began sometime after 745, when
252:
Province, China, a region possibly called the "Western Field of the Ran Valley" (
1085:
993:
814:
417:
The burial chamber contains a 1.05-metre tall, 0.58-metre width × 0.26-m depth
281:
resolved speculation amongst scholars that the area was the former location of
998:
988:
352:
10 burials distributed over terraces to the east of Princess Jeonghyo's burial
238:(Bohai) kingdom. It is located on Longtou Mountain, southeast of Toudao Town (
165:
448:
The epitaph explains that Princess Jeonghyo (貞孝公主) is the fourth daughter of
113:
100:
1008:
929:
398:
done by Balhae artists, and hence provides valuable insights to historians.
391:
293:
278:
258:) by the Balhae people. The mausoleum of Princess Jeonghyo is located here.
564:"Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain – Protected National Cultural Artifacts"
394:
contains, among other things, the first complete discovered and detailed
380:
The Mausoleum of Princess Jeonghyo (Chinese: Zhēnxiào Gōngzhǔ mù 贞孝公主墓,
1070:
783:
428:
406:
222:
778:
773:
410:
402:
245:
235:
185:
86:
1046:
960:
950:
919:
798:
635:
Keong-il Kim, "Pioneers of Korean Studies", Joeun Munhwasa, 2004.
395:
390:) was made in 793 by the people of the early Balhae kingdom. The
290:
Major Historical and Cultural Site Protected at the National Level
249:
892:
888:
730:
274:. The cemetery was in use until the end of the Balhae Kingdom.
473:) in Xi Yuan (西原 or Western Plains) in the winter of 809 (
626:
Korea Art History Academy, "美術史學硏究", 233–236, 2002. p. 59
48:
467:
era. She was accompanied in the burial at Ran Valley (
234:
are the burial sites of twelve royal figures from the
1179:
Buildings and structures completed in the 8th century
1149:
Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Jilin
693:
The Chosun Ilbo, 2009-08-27, Retrieved in 2015-06-28
452:, the third ruler of Balhae and a younger sister of
1063:
1045:
1017:
969:
941:
870:
849:
828:
807:
764:
218:
213:
205:
197:
192:
181:
171:
160:
150:
145:
137:
129:
92:
82:
74:
64:
405:made from brick and stone slabs, in addition to a
672:Korea Herald, "Korea Now", Vol. 33 1–13, 2004. 32
691:Find Challenges China's Claim to Balhae Kingdom
558:
556:
904:
742:
494:
484:
474:
468:
422:
358:
346:The location of Princess Jeonghyo's mausoleum
338:
329:
253:
239:
8:
862:Yanbian University of Science and Technology
385:
30:
911:
897:
889:
749:
735:
727:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
29:
878:Yanji Chaoyangchuan International Airport
719:, 27–06–2002. Retrieved on 04–02–2007. (
401:The mausoleum originally had a funerary
371:
706:貞孝公主墓碑 (Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao)
605:
603:
511:
841:Korean International School in Yanbian
277:The discovery of Princess Jeonghyo's
7:
1116:
758:Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
1184:8th-century establishments in China
1169:Buildings and structures in Yanbian
25:
1091:Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain
270:moved the Balhae capital city to
232:Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain
31:Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain
1115:
1104:
1103:
590:"Tomb Group of Longtou Mountain"
427:) complete and unbroken granite
47:
40:
499:), which recorded 793 instead.
537:. 16 July 2012. Archived from
495:
386:
368:Mausoleum of Princess Jeonghyo
324:There are three burial zones:
18:Mausoleum of Princess Jeonghyo
1:
1154:Archaeological sites in China
836:Yanbian International Academy
592:. 5 June 2014. Archived from
285:(顯德府) of the Balhae Kingdom.
27:Site in Jilin Province, China
359:
339:
330:
254:
240:
1032:Northeast Normal University
1200:
491:Book of the Balhae Kingdom
1159:Cultural history of Korea
1099:
927:
485:
475:
469:
423:
309:
35:
294:anti-corrosive chemicals
1037:Jilin Normal University
377:
114:42.73353°N 129.24413°E
375:
206:Excavation dates
65:Alternative name
56:Location within China
288:The site has been a
219:Architectural styles
69:Rungteousan gobungun
1164:Mausoleums in China
1076:Tomb of the General
1064:Visitor attractions
721:Traditional Chinese
119:42.73353; 129.24413
110: /
32:
1174:793 establishments
984:Changbai Mountains
857:Yanbian University
711:2016-03-03 at the
433:Chinese characters
378:
376:The princess' tomb
1131:
1130:
886:
885:
570:on 27 August 2014
535:Chamgbai Mountain
454:Princess Jeonghye
283:Hyundeok Province
228:
227:
223:Stone cist tumuli
16:(Redirected from
1191:
1119:
1118:
1107:
1106:
1027:Jilin University
913:
906:
899:
890:
751:
744:
737:
728:
694:
688:
682:
679:
673:
670:
664:
650:
644:
633:
627:
624:
618:
607:
598:
597:
586:
580:
579:
577:
575:
566:. Archived from
560:
551:
550:
548:
546:
531:"渤海国文物古迹之龙头山古墓群"
527:
498:
497:
488:
487:
478:
477:
472:
471:
426:
425:
389:
388:
362:
361:
342:
341:
333:
332:
311:
257:
256:
243:
242:
209:1980, 1982, 2005
125:
124:
122:
121:
120:
115:
111:
108:
107:
106:
103:
51:
50:
44:
33:
21:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1127:
1095:
1081:Paektu Mountain
1059:
1041:
1013:
965:
937:
923:
917:
887:
882:
866:
845:
824:
803:
766:
760:
755:
713:Wayback Machine
702:
697:
689:
685:
680:
676:
671:
667:
651:
647:
634:
630:
625:
621:
608:
601:
596:on 7 July 2015.
588:
587:
583:
573:
571:
562:
561:
554:
544:
542:
541:on 6 March 2021
529:
528:
513:
509:
481:posthumous name
446:
431:, on which 728
370:
357:Stone Kingdom (
322:
302:
264:
118:
116:
112:
109:
104:
101:
99:
97:
96:
60:
59:
58:
57:
54:
53:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1197:
1195:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1113:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
967:
966:
964:
963:
958:
953:
947:
945:
939:
938:
928:
925:
924:
918:
916:
915:
908:
901:
893:
884:
883:
881:
880:
874:
872:
868:
867:
865:
864:
859:
853:
851:
847:
846:
844:
843:
838:
832:
830:
826:
825:
823:
822:
817:
811:
809:
805:
804:
802:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
770:
768:
762:
761:
756:
754:
753:
746:
739:
731:
725:
724:
717:People's Daily
701:
700:External links
698:
696:
695:
683:
674:
665:
653:Patricia Ebrey
645:
628:
619:
599:
581:
552:
510:
508:
505:
445:
442:
437:Regular Script
369:
366:
365:
364:
355:
354:
353:
350:
347:
335:
321:
318:
310:吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州博物馆
301:
298:
263:
260:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
211:
210:
207:
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
190:
189:
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
78:Jilin Province
76:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
55:
46:
45:
39:
38:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1196:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:Songhua River
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
972:
968:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
948:
946:
944:
940:
935:
931:
926:
921:
914:
909:
907:
902:
900:
895:
894:
891:
879:
876:
875:
873:
869:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
848:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
831:
827:
821:
818:
816:
813:
812:
810:
806:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
771:
769:
767:-level cities
763:
759:
752:
747:
745:
740:
738:
733:
732:
729:
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:
704:
703:
699:
692:
687:
684:
678:
675:
669:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
646:
642:
638:
632:
629:
623:
620:
616:
612:
606:
604:
600:
595:
591:
585:
582:
569:
565:
559:
557:
553:
540:
536:
532:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
512:
506:
504:
500:
492:
482:
466:
461:
459:
455:
451:
443:
441:
438:
434:
430:
420:
415:
412:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
383:
374:
367:
356:
351:
348:
345:
344:
336:
328:Dragon Lake (
327:
326:
325:
319:
317:
313:
307:
299:
297:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
261:
259:
251:
247:
237:
233:
224:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
174:
170:
167:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
95:
91:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
67:
63:
43:
34:
19:
1120:
1108:
1090:
1071:Gungnae City
850:Universities
716:
686:
677:
668:
648:
631:
622:
594:the original
584:
574:22 September
572:. Retrieved
568:the original
545:29 September
543:. Retrieved
539:the original
534:
501:
490:
462:
458:Tang dynasty
447:
418:
416:
400:
379:
337:Dragon Sea (
323:
314:
303:
287:
276:
265:
231:
229:
214:Architecture
68:
1086:Heaven Lake
994:Tumen River
384::
117: /
105:129°14′39″E
93:Coordinates
1138:Categories
999:Liao River
989:Yalu River
661:1133606512
641:8971055154
615:1107098467
507:References
444:Interments
300:Excavation
272:Junggyeong
198:Discovered
193:Site notes
141:200,000 km
102:42°44′01″N
1019:Education
1009:Nen River
971:Geography
930:Changchun
871:Transport
435:, in the
421:-shaped (
392:mausoleum
279:tombstone
1110:Category
956:Politics
820:Wangqing
808:Counties
789:Longjing
709:Archived
465:Daeheung
450:King Mun
268:King Mun
182:Cultures
155:King Mun
133:Cemetery
75:Location
1122:Commons
1047:Culture
961:Economy
951:History
943:General
934:capital
829:Schools
784:Hunchun
429:epitaph
407:tumulus
306:Chinese
262:History
188:(Bohai)
176:745–926
172:Periods
161:Founded
151:Builder
146:History
1144:Balhae
979:Cities
922:topics
779:Helong
774:Dunhua
765:County
659:
643:p. 459
639:
613:
496:渤海國志長編
411:murals
403:pagoda
396:murals
382:Korean
320:Layout
308::
246:Helong
236:Balhae
186:Balhae
87:Helong
83:Region
1055:Music
920:Jilin
799:Yanji
794:Tumen
663:p. 65
617:p. 65
419:mugui
387:정효공주묘
255:染谷之西原
250:Jilin
244:) in
201:1970s
815:Antu
657:ISBN
637:ISBN
611:ISBN
576:2014
547:2017
230:The
164:745
138:Area
130:Type
486:金毓黻
241:头道镇
1140::
715:,
602:^
555:^
514:^
489:)
476:已卯
470:染谷
460:.
424:土圭
360:石國
343:)
340:龍海
331:龍湖
248:,
166:CE
936:)
932:(
912:e
905:t
898:v
750:e
743:t
736:v
723:)
578:.
549:.
493:(
363:)
334:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
