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Max Bennett (scientist)

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172:, where he was later awarded in 1980 the first and largest Centre of Research Excellence of the 10 established by the Australian Government over all disciplines within Australian universities. He was then appointed Personal Chair, the second in the university's history, subsequently being made Professor of Neuroscience. In 2000 he was elected to the first University Chair ('for research recognized internationally as of exceptional distinction'), and in 2003 he was made Founding Director of the Brain and Mind Research Institute at Sydney, a position he still holds in 2014 at 75. 301:(WHO) predicted that disorders of the brain and mind, such as depression, would become the major disabilities facing the world by 2020. In order to help meet that challenge Bennett initiated in Sydney in 2003 a multidisciplinary research institute in neuroscience, neurology and psychiatry, with outpatients and the support of 18 research professors working in 15,000 square meters of new research space and clinical services. He called this the Brain and Mind Research Institute (BMRI) and was made Founding Director by the University of Sydney. 33: 270:
patients using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. His preliminary calculations then provided the first quantitative account of how synaptic activity in the brain, driving impulse activity, is responsible for utilizing most of the cortical energy. This was followed by a quantitative account of how the loss of nerve pathway integrity in the brain in schizophrenia leads to dysfunction of synapses in the grey matter and hence a decrease in cortical energy.
286:) that scientists and technologists did not engage the general public in the importance of research and its relevance to society. Bennett then chaired a meeting of all 82 representative societies in the academy (Canberra) in order to form the main lobby for this group, which he named the Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies (FASTS; now Science and Technology, Australia). 1055: 210:
established the glial ensheathing cells can guide the formation of new synapses on mature muscle cells in a matter of minutes. In 2007 he observed that microglial cells of the brain can conduct calcium waves that are mediated by the release of NANC transmitters (purines), opening up the study of the interaction of the immune and nervous systems at the level of the synapse.
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one in which it is posited that brain function can be considered in isolation from the behaviour of the human whose brain it is, whereas behaviour (broadly conceived) is the bedrock upon which all studies of human attributes rests, neuroscientific or otherwise. Bennett's most recent books concerning these issues include
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Officer of the Order of Australia, appointed in The Queen's Birthday 2001 Honours List, 'for his service to the biological sciences, particularly in the field of neuroscience and as a major contributor to the establishment of organisations aimed at furthering interdisciplinary research in this field,
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The main theme of Bennett's philosophical work is that brain scientists have misused language in attributing our psychological capacities as in thinking, remembering, perceiving etc. to the brain. Rather it is the person whose brain it is that possesses these attributes, the brain being necessary for
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In 2002 the most urgent need in Australia for support of those with disabilities of the brain and mind, noted by WHO, was identified in Northern Australia. In order to contribute to the amelioration of these Bennett initiated the formation of the Tropical Brain and Mind Research Foundation (TBMRF),
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to the present. He argues that fundamental ideas arise in this area through a combination of research, prejudice and irrationality and of how appropriate hypotheses concerning brain function are often abandoned for extended periods of time in favour of less logical hypotheses. Such an hypothesis is
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and Peter Hacker; 2006). More recently he elaborated on the theme that much of neuroscience repeatedly makes the mistake of not only attributing to the brain psychological capacities that can only be attributed to the person whose brain it is, but also attributing these capacities to parts of the
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and nitric oxide, is affected. In 1972 he discovered that lesioned nerve terminals are precisely reconstituted at the same site on a striated muscle cell, indicating the existence of synapse formation molecules on muscle cells. In 2001 Bennett and colleagues showed that once a nerve terminal is
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In 1994 Bennett represented Australia at a planning meeting for the World Congress of Neuroscience in Kyoto, during which the paucity of representation of the Autonomic Neurosciences was raised. Subsequently, at a meeting of senior Neuroscientists in Melbourne in 1994, chaired by Bennett, this
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In 2009 Bennett and his colleagues turned to consideration of the functioning of synapses in neuropsychiatric diseases and established for the first time how stress leads to the loss of synapses in certain parts of the brain, which in turn is responsible for the loss of grey matter observed in
223:. Clarifying these misunderstandings has profound implications for how we view ourselves. In his historical work Bennett has followed the evolution of our ideas concerning the functioning of the different components of the brain and their organization from the time of 167:
in 1959, where he founded the Athenian Society dedicated to understanding Plato, Aristotle and Wittgenstein. His interest in brain and mind led to postgraduate research in biology on synapses (1963 – 1966). In 1968 he took up a position as lecturer in physiology at
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brain, a "modular fallacy". Furthermore, Bennett argues that cognitive neuroscience "represents" these capacities as interconnected boxes leading to reification of the person with these capacities. These difficulties are spelt out in his books
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PLoS One. 2013 Apr 8;8(4). Indicates that changes in the energy expended in particular areas of the brain, and therefore impulse activity there, can be quantitatively explained as due to changes in the integrity of axons joining these
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Bennett, M.R. (1972). Autonomic Neuromuscular Transmission. Monograph of the Physiological Society No. 30, Cambridge University Press. This monograph established the prevailing paradigm of the structure and function of autonomic
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Purinergic Sig. 4: 47-59. This work showed for the first time that microglial cells, the most dynamic cell in the brain, act as an interface between the neural and immune systems by propagating calcium waves using purines as
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Following his graduation in electrical engineering in 1963, and the beginning of his postgraduate research in biology, Bennett discovered that the accepted paradigm of nearly 50 years, that there are only two
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Feb 26;110(9):3549-54. Shows that the energy required to maintain a synapse-initiated impulse in a neuron remains the same over different behavioural states and species.
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J. Neurosci. 21: 2380-2392 (cover story). Showed that the mature intact nerve terminal continually makes and regresses synapses under the influence of the ensheathing glial cells.
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Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 40: 409-424. This work established the prevailing paradigm of how synapses are formed during development and regeneration.
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J. Neurocytol. 27: 529-539. Showed for the first time the relationship between single synapses and transmitter receptors in the postganglionic nervous system.
376:(Tokyo). This was succeeded by distinguished lectures in neuroscience, neuropsychiatry as well as in the history and philosophy of neuroscience as follows: 201:
due to the influx of calcium ions, the first to be identified. In the succeeding years Bennett and his colleagues elucidated how NANC transmission, involving
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Formation and function of synapses with respect to Schwann cells at the end of motor-nerve terminal branches on mature amphibian (Bufo marinus) muscle.
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J. Physiol. 182: 541-558. This work showed that another transmitter other than noradrenaline or acetylcholine exists in the peripheral nervous system.
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Mol Neurobiol. 2013 Apr;47(2):645-61. Establishes for the first time the cellular basis of grey matter changes in the brain, determined by MRI.
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Dutton, J.l., Poronnik, P., Li, G.H., Holding, C.A., Worthington, R.A., Vandenberg, R.J., Cook, D.I., Barden, J.A. & Bennett, M.R. (2000)
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NANC synapses; calcium impulses; synapse formation & regression; synapse loss & grey matter changes; energetics of synapse function
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Max Bennett was a student at Christian Brothers College, St Kilda and did his undergraduate work in electrical engineering and physics at
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The distribution of single P2x1 -receptor clusters on smooth muscle cells in relation to nerve varicosities in the rat urinary bladder.
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Cortical energy demands of signaling and nonsignaling components in brain are conserved across mammalian species and activity levels.
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Neuropharmacology 39: 2054-2066. First description of changes in distribution of agonist excited receptors in membranes in real time.
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The discovery of a new class of synaptic transmitters in smooth muscle 50 years ago and amelioration of coronary artery thrombosis.
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P2X1 receptor membrane redistribution and down-regulation visualized by using receptor-coupled green fluorescent protein chimeras.
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Criminal law as it pertains to 'mentally incompetent defendants': a McNaughton rule in the light of cognitive neuroscience
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J. Physiol. 502: 521-536. First to show that calcium changes in a nerve terminal directly related to synaptic efficacy.
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us to express these abilities. This mistake is referred to as the "mereological fallacy" by Bennett and his colleague
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Purinergic junctional transmission and propagation of calcium waves in cultured spinal cord microglia networks.
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Calcium in sympathetic varicosities of mouse vas deferens during facilitation, augmentation and autoinhibition.
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The effect of cations on the electrical properties of the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig vas deferens.
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Stress-induced grey matter loss determined by MRI is primarily due to loss of dendrites and their synapses.
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Biophys. J. 78: 2222-2240. First realistic Monte Carlo account of calcium changes and transmitter release.
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J. Physiol. 190: 465- 479. First proof that action potentials can be due to the influx of calcium ions.
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Transmission from intramural inhibitory nerves to the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig taenia coli.
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Kassem MS, Lagopoulos J, Stait-Gardner T, Price WS, Chohan TW, Arnold JC, Hatton SN, Bennett MR.
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Bennett, Max; Blythe, Max (1996). "Professor Max Bennett FAA in interview with Dr Max Blythe".
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The probability of quantal secretion within an array of calcium channels of an active zone.
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Fiber pathway pathology, synapse loss and decline of cortical function in schizophrenia.
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asked Max Bennett FAA to respond to the criticisms of the then Minister for Science (Mr
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Plenary Lecture, The Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 2007;
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United Nations Lecture on ‘The Impact of Brain Function on the Concept of Criminality’
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Schizophrenia: susceptibility genes, dendritic-spine pathology and gray matter loss.
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The motor system in neuroscience: a history and analysis of conceptual developments.
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and to education'. In addition, Bennett has received the following recognition:
294:(ISAN), responsible for eight biannual international congresses since that time. 863:"Guide to the Records of the Department of Anthropology, 1901-[ongoing]" 590: 249: 848: 835: 822: 808: 795: 746: 733: 720: 496: 482: 475: 468: 461: 1118: 1113: 1108: 782: 769: 707: 694: 489: 365:
Academia Ophthalmologica Internationalis Award, 2002; Centenary Medal, 2003;
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representation was forthcoming with the formation of what he called the
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Hansen, M.A., Balcar, V.J., Barden, J.A. & Bennett, M.R. (1998).
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initially chaired by the present Governor General of Australia, Sir
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Almgren Research Award, Australian National Heart Foundation, 2001;
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Malcolm Research Award, Australian National Heart Foundation, 1999;
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Goddard Research Award, Australian National Heart Foundation, 1996;
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Plenary Lecture, International Congress in Nanotechnology, 2008;
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Bennett's books have been translated into several languages.
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Perception and memory in neuroscience: a conceptual analysis.
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Indian National Institute of Mental Health & Neuroscience
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Ramaciotti Medal, Clive and Vera Ramaciotti Foundation, 1996;
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Bennett, M.R., Buljan, V., Farnell, L., Gibson, W. (2007).
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Neuroscience and Philosophy : Brain, Mind and Language
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Nour Foundation Lecture (at the United Nations, NY), 2009;
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Macleod, G.T., Dickens, P.A. & Bennett, M.R. (2001).
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Melbourne University Undergraduate: the Athenian Society
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Bennett, M.R., Burnstock, G. & Holman, M.E. (1966).
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In 1996 Bennett gave the Opening Plenary Lecture at the
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Honorary Fellow, Australian Neuroscience Society, 2010.
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Bennett, M.R., Farnell, L. & Gibson, W.G. (2000)
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Neuroscience and Philosophy: Brain, Mind and Language
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Yale Franke Lecture II: The History of Consciousness
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
123: 113: 99: 94: 76: 71: 59: 39: 23: 585:(2006) Publisher: Columbia University Press (with 1022:Alan North, R.; Costa, Marcello (December 2021). 528:(1987) Publisher: Australian Academy of Science; 492:Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1976;40:409-24. 539:The Idea of Consciousness: Synapses and the Mind 526:Optimising Research and Development in Australia 292:International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience 1165:People educated at St Mary's College, Melbourne 1099:Career Interview, Australian Academy of Science 1114:Yale Franke Lecture I: The History of the Mind 515:(1972) Publisher: Cambridge University Press; 1024:"Geoffrey Burnstock. 10 May 1929—3 June 2020" 8: 781:Bennett, M.R. & Pettigrew, A.G. (1976). 380:Plenary Lecture, International Conference, 1160:Academic staff of the University of Sydney 485:Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2013 Feb;207(2):236-43 355:Excellence in Science (Tall Poppy) Award, 147:(born February 19, 1939) is an Australian 31: 20: 565:Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience 410:International Congress of Neuropsychiatry 357:Australian Institute of Political Science 238:Philosophical Foundations of Neuroscience 783:The formation of neuromuscular synapses. 706:Brain, K.L. & Bennett, M.R. (1997). 490:The formation of neuromuscular synapses. 445:Franke Lectures, (Yale University), 2013 660: 499:Prog Neurobiol. 2011 Nov;95(3):275-300. 471:Prog Neurobiol. 2001 Dec;65(6):499-543. 396:Ophthalmologica Internationalis Oration 1005:"Max Bennett - A Superstar of Science" 430:World Congress of Mental Health Nurses 214:History and philosophy of neuroscience 1124:Who's Who of Australia list of awards 1094:Australian Academy of Science Profile 420:World Congress in Medical Informatics 16:Australian neuroscientist (born 1939) 7: 554:(2001) Publisher: Harwood Academic; 541:(1997) Publisher: Harwood Academic; 513:Autonomic Neuromuscular Transmission 464:Prog Neurobiol. 2002 May;67(1):1-52. 330:Australian National Heart Foundation 603:(2008) Publisher: Wiley/Blackwell; 336:Macfarlane Burnet Medal and Lecture 1175:21st-century Australian scientists 1170:20th-century Australian scientists 899:"Document - Gale Academic OneFile" 847:Bennett MR, Farnell L, Gibson WG. 619:Virginia Woolf and Neuropsychiatry 403:American Philosophical Association 255:Virginia Woolf and Neuropsychiatry 14: 834:Hyder F, Rothman DL, Bennett MR. 601:History of Cognitive Neuroscience 348:Distinguished Achievement Medal, 259:History of Cognitive Neuroscience 1053: 389:XIV World Congress of Cardiology 151:specializing in the function of 350:Australian Neuroscience Society 1155:University of Melbourne alumni 382:Research Society on Alcoholism 374:World Congress of Neuroscience 240:(2003; with Peter Hacker) and 54:Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 1: 1104:Superstars of Science Ratings 642:. Oxford Brookes University. 621:(2013) Publisher: Springer; 567:(2003) Publisher: Blackwell; 340:Australian Academy of Science 280:Australian Academy of Science 1084:University of Sydney Profile 127:The mereological fallacy in 25:Max Bennett (neuroscientist) 976:. The University of Sydney. 261:(2008; with Peter Hacker). 1191: 1145:Australian neuroscientists 488:Bennett MR, Pettigrew AG. 328:Renensson Research Award, 299:World Health Organization 230:The Idea of Consciousness 138: 81:Charles Scott Sherrington 67: 30: 1009:superstarsofscience.com 467:Bennett MR, Hacker PM. 460:Bennett MR, Hacker PM. 165:University of Melbourne 145:Maxwell Richard Bennett 1036:10.1098/rsbm.2021.0016 768:Bennett, M.R. (1967). 552:History of the Synapse 234:History of the Synapse 274:Organizations founded 257:(2013) as well as in 1089:Neurobiology Profile 971:"Annual Report 2001" 988:"Prizes and Awards" 313:Awards and lectures 195:smooth muscle cells 89:Ludwig Wittgenstein 72:Academic background 1063:has a profile for 1030:. pp. 37–58. 921:www.science.org.au 885:www.science.org.au 387:Featured Speaker, 133:philosophy of mind 1069: 935:"Research Awards" 428:Plenary Lecture, 418:Plenary Lecture, 408:Plenary Lecture, 401:Plenary Lecture, 199:action potentials 170:Sydney University 142: 141: 43:February 19, 1939 1182: 1067: 1057: 1056: 1040: 1039: 1019: 1013: 1012: 1001: 995: 994: 992: 984: 978: 977: 975: 967: 961: 960: 949: 943: 942: 931: 925: 924: 913: 907: 906: 895: 889: 888: 877: 871: 870: 859: 853: 845: 839: 832: 826: 819: 813: 805: 799: 792: 786: 779: 773: 766: 760: 756: 750: 743: 737: 730: 724: 717: 711: 704: 698: 691: 685: 684: 682: 680: 671:. Archived from 665: 651: 197:, they generate 50: 48: 35: 21: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1130: 1129: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1043: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1003: 1002: 998: 990: 986: 985: 981: 973: 969: 968: 964: 951: 950: 946: 939:www.rmit.edu.au 933: 932: 928: 915: 914: 910: 897: 896: 892: 879: 878: 874: 861: 860: 856: 846: 842: 833: 829: 820: 816: 806: 802: 793: 789: 780: 776: 767: 763: 757: 753: 744: 740: 731: 727: 718: 714: 705: 701: 692: 688: 678: 676: 675:on 14 July 2014 667: 666: 662: 657: 648:10.24384/000147 637: 635: 506: 457: 452: 435:Grass Lecture, 315: 276: 267: 265:Neuropsychiatry 216: 178: 161: 118:Neuropsychiatry 55: 52: 46: 44: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1188: 1186: 1178: 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1152: 1147: 1142: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1059: 1052: 1051: 1050: 1048: 1047:External links 1045: 1042: 1041: 1014: 996: 979: 962: 957:www.ans.org.au 944: 926: 908: 890: 872: 854: 840: 827: 814: 800: 787: 774: 761: 751: 738: 725: 712: 699: 686: 659: 658: 656: 653: 634: 631: 630: 629: 616: 598: 587:Daniel Dennett 580: 562: 549: 536: 523: 505: 502: 501: 500: 493: 486: 479: 472: 465: 456: 453: 451: 450:Selected works 448: 447: 446: 443: 440: 433: 426: 423: 416: 413: 406: 399: 392: 385: 370: 369: 366: 363: 360: 353: 346: 343: 333: 326: 323: 314: 311: 307:Peter Cosgrove 284:Barry Jones AC 275: 272: 266: 263: 246:Daniel Dennett 215: 212: 177: 174: 160: 157: 149:neuroscientist 140: 139: 136: 135: 125: 121: 120: 115: 114:Main interests 111: 110: 101: 97: 96: 92: 91: 78: 74: 73: 69: 68: 65: 64: 61: 60:Known for 57: 56: 53: 41: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1187: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1140:Living people 1138: 1137: 1135: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1076: 1071: 1070: 1062: 1046: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1018: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1000: 997: 989: 983: 980: 972: 966: 963: 958: 954: 948: 945: 940: 936: 930: 927: 922: 918: 912: 909: 904: 900: 894: 891: 886: 882: 876: 873: 868: 867:oac.cdlib.org 864: 858: 855: 850: 844: 841: 837: 831: 828: 824: 818: 815: 812:transmitters. 810: 804: 801: 797: 791: 788: 784: 778: 775: 771: 765: 762: 755: 752: 748: 742: 739: 735: 729: 726: 722: 716: 713: 709: 703: 700: 696: 690: 687: 674: 670: 664: 661: 654: 652: 649: 645: 641: 632: 628: 627:9789400757486 624: 620: 617: 614: 610: 609:9781405181822 606: 602: 599: 596: 592: 588: 584: 581: 578: 574: 573:1 4051 0855 X 570: 566: 563: 561: 557: 553: 550: 548: 544: 540: 537: 535: 531: 527: 524: 522: 518: 514: 511: 510: 509: 503: 498: 494: 491: 487: 484: 480: 477: 473: 470: 466: 463: 459: 458: 454: 449: 444: 441: 438: 434: 431: 427: 424: 421: 417: 414: 411: 407: 404: 400: 397: 393: 390: 386: 383: 379: 378: 377: 375: 367: 364: 361: 358: 354: 351: 347: 344: 341: 337: 334: 331: 327: 324: 321: 320: 319: 312: 310: 308: 302: 300: 295: 293: 287: 285: 281: 273: 271: 264: 262: 260: 256: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 226: 222: 213: 211: 208: 207:neuropeptides 204: 200: 196: 192: 191:acetylcholine 188: 187:noradrenaline 184: 175: 173: 171: 166: 158: 156: 154: 150: 146: 137: 134: 130: 126: 124:Notable ideas 122: 119: 116: 112: 109: 105: 102: 98: 95:Academic work 93: 90: 86: 82: 79: 75: 70: 66: 62: 58: 51:(age 85) 42: 38: 34: 29: 22: 19: 1066:Max Bennett 1065: 1027: 1017: 1008: 999: 982: 965: 956: 947: 938: 929: 920: 911: 902: 893: 884: 875: 866: 857: 843: 830: 817: 803: 790: 777: 764: 754: 741: 728: 715: 702: 689: 677:. 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Index


Charles Scott Sherrington
Bernard Katz
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Neuroscience
synapses
Neuropsychiatry
neuroscience
philosophy of mind
neuroscientist
synapses
University of Melbourne
Sydney University
transmitters
noradrenaline
acetylcholine
smooth muscle cells
action potentials
purines
neuropeptides
Peter Hacker
Aristotle
Daniel Dennett
John Searle
Australian Academy of Science
Barry Jones AC
International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience
World Health Organization
Peter Cosgrove
Australian National Heart Foundation

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