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556:, despite their intact thymus. Conversely, irradiated chickens with the thymus removed had low lymphocyte levels, but had normal antibodies, plasma cells, and germinal centers. The lymphocytes produced by the bursa are known as
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may be responsible for producing antibodies, he conducted experiments in 1964 on chickens to determine the roles of the thymus and the bursa. He removed the thymus or the bursa from chicks and irradiated them with
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666:. Owing to the unique specificity of these antibody-counterparts and their distinction from human antibodies, they may be used in treating cancers such as
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2009:"Differentiation of lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow: II. Kinetics of maturation and renewal of antiglobulin-binding cells studied by double labeling"
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have cells functionally similar to mammalian T cells and B cells. Cooper's group also found that instead of antibodies, lampreys have a family of
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Again working on chickens, Cooper also made a contribution to deducing how B cells produce different types of antibodies at different stages of
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2163:"Lamprey lymphocyte-like cells express homologs of genes involved in immunologically relevant activities of mammalian lymphocytes"
1827:"Suppression of Immunoglobulin G Synthesis as a Result of Antibody-Mediated Suppression of Immunoglobulin M Synthesis in Chickens"
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and was becoming a four-year one, Cooper was offered the option of staying or transferring elsewhere. He chose to move to the
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2220:
Pancer, Zeev; Amemiya, Chris T.; Ehrhardt, Götz R. A.; Ceitlin, Jill; Gartland, G. Larry; Cooper, Max D. (2004).
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2102:
Mayer, Werner E.; Uinuk-ool, Tatiana; Tichy, Herbert; Gartland, Lanier A.; Klein, Jan; Cooper, Max D. (2002).
2410:
586:, as opposed to multiple B cell subtypes each producing one immunoglobulin isotype. This process is known as
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The experiments showed irradiated chicks with the bursa removed did not have plasma cells, antibodies, and
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2008:
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Cooper briefly returned to Tulane as an instructor, then moved to the
Department of Pediatrics at the
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is a partner institution, Cooper moved to the
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the
340:
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Uinuk-ool, Tatiana; Mayer, Werner E.; Sato, Akie; Dongak, Roman; Cooper, Max D.; Klein, Jan (2002).
3786:
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and his mother a teacher. He lived with his family on the campus. He was interested in becoming a
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999:"The American Association of Immunologists Oral History Project Transcript: Max D. Cooper, M.D."
408:. Over the next few years, Cooper also became a professor at the Department of Microbiology, of
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579:. His experiments indicated a single lineage of B cells switch from IgM to producing other
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1560:"Max D. Cooper and the delineation of two lymphoid lineages in the adaptive immune system"
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2222:"Somatic diversification of variable lymphocyte receptors in the agnathan sea lamprey"
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1929:
405:
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1890:
generation of B lymphocytes in mouse foetal liver, a mammalian 'bursa equivalent'"
1675:
Cooper, Max D.; Peterson, Raymond D. A.; South, Mary Ann; Good, Robert A. (1966).
1825:
Kincade, Paul W.; Lawton, Alexander R.; Bockman, Dale E.; Cooper, Max D. (1970).
549:
to kill lymphocytes that may have been produced earlier by the thymus and bursa.
400:
at the
Division of Immunology and Allergy of the Department of Pediatrics and an
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but could not due to financial reasons, encouraged him to do so. Cooper went to
247:
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1973:
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2221:
1747:"2018 Japan Prize Achievement - "Medical Science and Medicinal Science" field"
1391:
518:
514:
363:
356:
212:
1248:
3174:
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3011:
1453:
1057:
1039:"An extraordinary story of discovery: an interview with Doctor Max D Cooper"
651:
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259:
220:
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1982:
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2812:
2254:
1698:
601:
organ equivalent to the bursa and found that B cells are produced in the
580:
530:
471:
428:
Research Center (since 1981), all at UAB, and was an investigator at the
413:
378:
329:
290:
263:
2245:
2104:"Isolation and characterization of lymphocyte-like cells from a lamprey"
1677:"The Functions of the Thymus System and the Bursa System in the Chicken"
1080:
1504:
698:
647:
643:
639:
541:
481:
between 1988 and 1989 and a member of their
Council from 1983 to 1988.
359:
1608:"Delineation of the Thymic and Bursal Lymphoid Systems in the Chicken"
513:, the scientific community believed that there is only one lineage of
1913:
1637:
655:
628:
598:
564:
557:
510:
498:
494:
417:
235:
231:
123:
119:
49:
2079:
2054:
3889:
Fellows of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science
606:
602:
546:
416:. During this period, he was also involved with the Comprehensive
1606:
Cooper, Max D.; Peterson, Raymond D. A.; Good, Robert A. (1965).
3899:
Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic
Medical Research
772:
American
Association of Immunologists Lifetime Achievement Award
609:
3424:
2816:
463:
and the Emory
Vaccine Center, and an Eminent Scholar at the
2600:. The American Association of Immunologists. Archived from
612:. Together with independent reports by Pierre Vassalli and
1884:
Owen, John J. T.; Cooper, Max D.; Raff, Martin C. (1974).
3824:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
1952:"Mouse Bone Marrow Lymphocytes and Their Differentiation"
1486:
Glick, Bruce; Chang, Timothy S.; Jaap, R. George (1956).
2441:. University of Alabama at Birmingham. 2021. p. 16.
223:
and
Laboratory Medicine and the Emory Vaccine Center of
2738:. American Association of Immunologists. Archived from
2485:. American Association of Immunologists. Archived from
597:, Cooper used a series of experiments to determine the
2435:
University of Alabama at Birmingham 2021 Commencement
2053:
Gitlin, Alexander D.; Nussenzweig, Michel C. (2015).
1435:"QnAs with Max D. Cooper and Jacques F. A. P. Miller"
1359:
American Association of Immunologists. Archived from
938:. Emory University School of Medicine. Archived from
3884:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
262:
at a young age, and his father, who wanted to study
3743:
3727:
3466:
3341:
3202:
3067:
2932:
2851:
2572:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
766:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
679:
167:
138:
130:
115:
97:
89:
57:
23:
2762:"2019 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award"
1037:Ioachimescu, Octavian C.; Cooper, Max D. (2022).
912:. Alabama Healthcare Hall of Fame. Archived from
517:(the T cells), that produced by the thymus. As a
1488:"The Bursa of Fabricius and Antibody Production"
278:scholarship from 1951 to 1952, then entered the
3854:University of California, San Francisco faculty
2483:"Novartis Basic and Clinical Immunology Prizes"
2167:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2108:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1831:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1440:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
297:. Since the school at that time was a two-year
2736:"Distinguished Fellows of AAI Past Recipients"
1950:Ryser, Jean-Etienne; Vassalli, Pierre (1974).
1032:
1030:
993:
991:
989:
987:
814:Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
525:, who have few lymphocytes but high levels of
143:Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
3436:
2828:
962:"Honorary Degrees Past Recipients: 2010-2019"
533:, which were thought to derive from T cells.
8:
295:University of Mississippi School of Medicine
3894:Members of the National Academy of Medicine
3844:University of Alabama at Birmingham faculty
3839:Tulane University School of Medicine alumni
3829:Emory University School of Medicine faculty
2407:American Society for Clinical Investigation
715:American Society for Clinical Investigation
3443:
3429:
3421:
2835:
2821:
2813:
2294:"The Evolution of Adaptive Immune Systems"
2292:Cooper, Max D.; Alder, Matthew N. (2006).
2055:"Immunology: Fifty years of B lymphocytes"
616:in 1974 that B cells were produced in the
38:
20:
3879:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
2351:
2311:
2253:
2196:
2186:
2137:
2127:
2078:
1972:
1860:
1850:
1801:
1707:
1697:
1636:
1503:
1462:
1452:
1066:
1056:
874:
872:
870:
819:Honorary Doctor of Medical Sciences from
2626:. Robert Koch Foundation. Archived from
1532:. Robert Koch Foundation. Archived from
1527:"Laudatio for Prof. Dr. Max Dale Cooper"
1149:. Robert Koch Foundation. Archived from
355:until 1961. From 1961 to 1962, he was a
833:
701:after an introduction about his career.
368:University of California, San Francisco
211:(born August 31, 1933), is an American
188:University of California, San Francisco
1784:"A Life of Adventure in Immunobiology"
1387:"Immunological function of the thymus"
1236:
1234:
676:
620:of fetal mice, these discoveries show
593:Collaborating with John Owen from the
521:, Cooper was studying patients of the
420:Center (since 1971), the Multipurpose
385:and conducting research. He became an
2542:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1803:10.1146/annurev-immunol-030409-101248
1006:American Association of Immunologists
808:American Association of Immunologists
756:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
479:American Association of Immunologists
7:
3874:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
381:fellow and instructor, working with
246:Cooper was born and raised in rural
3869:People from Hazlehurst, Mississippi
1333:. November 12, 2020. Archived from
1331:University of Alabama at Birmingham
1175:Cardon, Dustin (January 11, 2019).
1144:"Curriculum vitae: Max Dale Cooper"
722:University of Alabama at Birmingham
394:University of Alabama at Birmingham
324:, Cooper interned at a hospital in
176:University of Alabama at Birmingham
634:More recently, Cooper studied the
345:Hospital for Sick Children, London
192:Hospital for Sick Children, London
14:
1044:Journal of Investigative Medicine
968:Board of Trustees. Archived from
332:for a year, and then returned to
289:In 1954, Cooper started studying
230:. He is known for characterizing
3834:University of Mississippi alumni
2375:Eastman, Quinn (February 2018).
1685:Journal of Experimental Medicine
685:
567:development, in the sequence of
477:Cooper was the president of the
459:. He is also a professor at the
3849:University of Minnesota faculty
3262:/ John Frederick Grassle (2013)
1213:Howard Hughes Medical Institute
1109:. April 6, 2021. Archived from
489:Cooper's research focus is the
430:Howard Hughes Medical Institute
180:Howard Hughes Medical Institute
588:immunoglobulin class switching
536:Inspired by a report that the
349:pre-registration house officer
1:
2972:Ernest John Christopher Polge
2792:"Max Dale Cooper | Yale 2023"
2712:. Japan Prize. Archived from
2432:"The UAB President's Medal".
1405:10.1016/S0140-6736(61)90693-6
1008:. May 6, 2012. Archived from
424:Center (since 1979), and the
392:One year later he joined the
2512:National Academy of Medicine
2457:National Academy of Sciences
2025:10.1016/0008-8749(74)90233-0
749:National Academy of Medicine
729:National Academy of Sciences
664:variable lymphocyte receptor
505:'s discovery in 1961 of the
1789:Annual Review of Immunology
1578:10.1016/j.imlet.2014.09.005
735:Sandoz Prize for Immunology
252:Superintendent of Education
155:Sandoz Prize for Immunology
3915:
2654:French Academy of Sciences
2353:10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.030
2313:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.001
1974:10.4049/jimmunol.113.3.719
1558:Ribatti, Domenico (2014).
785:French Academy of Sciences
435:In 2008, convinced by the
343:. In 1960, Cooper went to
2988:William Hayward Pickering
2863:Ephraim Katchalski-Katzir
1245:Georgia Research Alliance
783:Foreign Associate of the
684:
465:Georgia Research Alliance
437:Georgia Research Alliance
280:University of Mississippi
197:
160:
106:University of Mississippi
37:
2624:"Robert Koch Award 2010"
2377:"Learning from Lampreys"
1275:Winship Cancer Institute
1107:Holmes Community College
1103:"History of the College"
884:Alabama Academy of Honor
806:Distinguished Fellow of
742:Alabama Academy of Honor
523:Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome
461:Winship Cancer Institute
272:Holmes Community College
254:of a 12-grade school in
242:Early life and education
3129:/ Keith J. Sainsbury /
1782:Cooper, Max D. (2010).
1454:10.1073/pnas.1920087116
1433:Doctrow, Brian (2019).
1058:10.1136/jim-2022-002505
432:between 1988 and 2006.
375:University of Minnesota
184:University of Minnesota
3819:American immunologists
3300:Emmanuelle Charpentier
2919:Frank Sherwood Rowland
2710:"The 2018 Japan Prize"
2383:. No. Winter 2018
2336:"A Lymphocyte Journey"
2188:10.1073/pnas.212527699
2129:10.1073/pnas.212527499
1852:10.1073/pnas.67.4.1918
636:adaptive immune system
491:adaptive immune system
320:After graduating from
3699:Susanne von Caemmerer
2509:"Max D. Cooper, M.D."
1960:Journal of Immunology
1357:"Max D. Cooper, M.D."
1327:"Max Dale Cooper, MD"
1242:"Max D. Cooper, M.D."
910:"Max Dale Cooper, MD"
842:"Max Dale Cooper, MD"
691:Seminar by Max Cooper
654:, he confirmed these
404:at the Department of
268:Holmes Junior College
250:. His father was the
219:at the Department of
110:Holmes Junior College
16:American immunologist
3405:John Michael Wallace
2716:on December 29, 2022
1699:10.1084/jem.123.1.75
1015:on December 28, 2022
972:on December 30, 2022
942:on December 30, 2022
916:on December 29, 2022
855:on December 28, 2022
627:generate B cells in
474:of Medicine at UAB.
3619:Josephine Pemberton
3524:Anne Ferguson-Smith
3389:/ Kazuo Hagimoto /
3228:Tadamitsu Kishimoto
2958:Jacques-Louis Lions
2772:on January 13, 2023
2660:on January 17, 2023
2630:on January 13, 2023
2604:on January 13, 2023
2578:on January 15, 2023
2548:on January 17, 2023
2518:on January 17, 2023
2489:on January 13, 2023
2463:on January 17, 2023
2413:on January 17, 2023
2403:"Max D. Cooper, MD"
2246:10.1038/nature02740
2238:2004Natur.430..174P
2179:2002PNAS...9914356U
2173:(22): 14356–14361.
2120:2002PNAS...9914350M
2114:(99): 14350–14355.
2071:2015Natur.517..139G
2013:Cellular Immunology
1906:1974Natur.249..361O
1843:1970PNAS...67.1918K
1763:on January 24, 2023
1727:on January 20, 2023
1656:on January 20, 2023
1629:1965Natur.205..143C
1539:on January 19, 2023
1383:Miller, J. F. A. P.
1363:on January 13, 2023
1337:on January 12, 2023
1307:on January 12, 2023
1301:"Max D. Cooper, MD"
1251:on January 12, 2023
1219:on January 12, 2023
1209:"Max D. Cooper, MD"
720:President's Medal,
699:jawless vertebrates
640:jawless vertebrates
402:associate professor
387:assistant professor
308:, and obtained his
3504:Krishna Chatterjee
3484:Christopher Bishop
3367:Robert A. Weinberg
3349:Robert G. Gallager
3294:Steven D. Tanksley
3280:Theodore Friedmann
3183:Victor A. McKusick
3141:Masatoshi Takeichi
3089:Timothy R. Parsons
3085:John B. Goodenough
3079:Kimishige Ishizaka
3054:Jack L. Strominger
3050:W. Wesley Peterson
3030:Hiroyuki Yoshikawa
3026:Joseph Engelberger
3002:Edward F. Knipling
2742:on October 8, 2022
2346:(1): 37–39. 2019.
1565:Immunology Letters
1505:10.3382/ps.0350224
1281:on January 1, 2023
1271:"Max D. Cooper MD"
1189:on January 4, 2023
1182:Jackson Free Press
1156:on January 4, 2023
1083:on January 1, 2023
890:on January 4, 2023
849:School of Medicine
540:(or the bursa) in
538:bursa of Fabricius
472:Professor Emeritus
445:School of Medicine
353:research assistant
337:School of Medicine
306:School of Medicine
228:School of Medicine
48:admissions day in
44:Max Cooper at the
3806:
3805:
3639:David Rubinsztein
3574:Stafford Lightman
3418:
3417:
3387:Masataka Nakazawa
3381:Christopher Field
3266:Yasuharu Suematsu
3210:Shun-ichi Iwasaki
3169:Peter Shaw Ashton
3109:Benoit Mandelbrot
3103:Andrzej Tarkowski
2923:Elias James Corey
2796:yale2023.yale.edu
2766:Lasker Foundation
2598:"Past Recipients"
2568:"Elected Fellows"
2538:"Max Dale Cooper"
2232:(6996): 174–180.
2065:(7533): 139–141.
1623:(4967): 143–146.
1572:(1(A)): 233–236.
1399:(7205): 748–749.
880:"Max Dale Cooper"
778:Robert Koch Award
708:Awards and honors
705:
704:
470:Cooper remains a
334:Tulane University
303:Tulane University
276:American football
201:
200:
162:Scientific career
151:Robert Koch Award
102:Tulane University
3906:
3756:Whitfield Diffie
3694:Patrick Vallance
3614:Lawrence Paulson
3604:Andrew Orr-Ewing
3554:Richard Houlston
3529:Jonathan Gregory
3474:Yves-Alain Barde
3445:
3438:
3431:
3422:
3256:C. Grant Willson
3044:Marc Van Montagu
3018:Takashi Sugimura
2952:Xavier Le Pichon
2897:Donald Henderson
2893:Georges Vendryes
2837:
2830:
2823:
2814:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2768:. Archived from
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2686:. Archived from
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2656:. Archived from
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2574:. Archived from
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2544:. Archived from
2534:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2514:. Archived from
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2459:. Archived from
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2409:. Archived from
2399:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2355:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2315:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2257:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2141:
2131:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2005:Nossal, G. J. V.
2000:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1976:
1956:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1914:10.1038/249361a0
1900:(455): 361–363.
1881:
1875:
1874:
1864:
1854:
1837:(4): 1918–1925.
1822:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1756:. Archived from
1751:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1726:
1720:. Archived from
1711:
1701:
1681:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1649:. Archived from
1640:
1638:10.1038/205143a0
1612:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1531:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1507:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1466:
1456:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1303:. Archived from
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1277:. Archived from
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1247:. Archived from
1238:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1215:. Archived from
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1185:. Archived from
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1140:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1113:on June 24, 2022
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1079:. Archived from
1070:
1060:
1051:(7): 1461–1465.
1034:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1003:
995:
982:
981:
979:
977:
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
932:
926:
925:
923:
921:
906:
900:
899:
897:
895:
886:. Archived from
876:
865:
864:
862:
860:
851:. Archived from
846:Emory University
838:
689:
688:
677:
668:multiple myeloma
662:. They named it
660:immune receptors
554:germinal centers
449:Emory University
441:Emory University
377:in 1963 to as a
225:Emory University
210:
172:Emory University
75:
71:
69:
42:
32:
21:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3739:
3735:David Neuberger
3723:
3679:John Sutherland
3584:Andrew McKenzie
3579:Yadvinder Malhi
3544:Gabriele Hegerl
3462:
3449:
3419:
3414:
3409:Ronald M. Evans
3395:Karl Deisseroth
3391:Gero Miesenböck
3363:Bert Vogelstein
3359:Martin A. Green
3337:
3318:Max Dale Cooper
3304:Jennifer Doudna
3276:Yutaka Takahasi
3198:
3145:Erkki Ruoslahti
3127:Akira Fujishima
3095:Tim Berners-Lee
3063:
3058:Don Craig Wiley
2944:W. Jason Morgan
2928:
2887:Theodore Maiman
2873:Willem J. Kolff
2847:
2841:
2811:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2691:
2690:on May 23, 2017
2678:
2677:
2673:
2663:
2661:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2466:
2464:
2453:"Max D. Cooper"
2451:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2384:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2080:10.1038/517139a
2052:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2003:Osmond, D. G.;
2002:
2001:
1997:
1987:
1985:
1954:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1679:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1508:
1492:Poultry Science
1485:
1484:
1480:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1340:
1338:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1001:
997:
996:
985:
975:
973:
966:Duke University
960:
959:
955:
945:
943:
934:
933:
929:
919:
917:
908:
907:
903:
893:
891:
878:
877:
868:
858:
856:
840:
839:
835:
830:
821:Yale University
710:
686:
680:External videos
650:. Working with
493:, particularly
487:
426:Cystic Fibrosis
318:
244:
206:
204:Max Dale Cooper
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
153:
149:
145:
108:
104:
98:Alma mater
85:
76:
73:
72:August 28, 1933
67:
65:
64:
63:
62:Max Dale Cooper
53:
33:
28:
26:
25:Max Dale Cooper
17:
12:
11:
5:
3912:
3910:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3811:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3782:Robert Ritchie
3779:
3774:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3709:Roger Williams
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:Jonathan Stoye
3671:
3669:Nicola Spaldin
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3649:Nigel Shadbolt
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3589:Gerard Milburn
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3499:Wendy Bickmore
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3425:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3398:
3384:
3373:Katalin KarikĂł
3370:
3356:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3328:Yoshio Okamoto
3325:
3322:Jacques Miller
3311:
3297:
3287:
3273:
3270:C. David Allis
3263:
3253:
3246:Nicholas Lydon
3235:
3224:Dennis Ritchie
3217:
3214:Peter Vitousek
3206:
3204:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3189:Dennis Meadows
3186:
3179:Robert E. Kahn
3172:
3165:Peter GrĂĽnberg
3158:
3148:
3134:
3131:John H. Lawton
3120:
3113:James A. Yorke
3106:
3092:
3082:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3047:
3033:
3015:
3008:Charles K. Kao
3005:
2995:
2992:Arvid Carlsson
2985:
2982:Kary B. Mullis
2975:
2965:
2955:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2916:
2909:Luc Montagnier
2890:
2879:Henry Beachell
2876:
2869:David Turnbull
2866:
2859:John R. Pierce
2855:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2817:
2809:
2808:
2783:
2753:
2727:
2701:
2671:
2641:
2615:
2589:
2559:
2529:
2500:
2474:
2444:
2424:
2394:
2381:Emory Medicine
2367:
2327:
2306:(4): 815–822.
2284:
2212:
2153:
2094:
2045:
2019:(1): 132–145.
1995:
1967:(3): 719–728.
1942:
1876:
1817:
1774:
1738:
1667:
1598:
1550:
1518:
1498:(1): 224–225.
1478:
1425:
1374:
1348:
1318:
1292:
1262:
1230:
1200:
1167:
1124:
1094:
1026:
983:
953:
927:
901:
866:
832:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
817:
811:
804:
798:
791:Foreign Member
788:
781:
775:
769:
759:
754:Member of the
752:
747:Member of the
745:
740:Member of the
738:
732:
727:Member of the
725:
718:
713:Member of the
709:
706:
703:
702:
682:
681:
622:haematopoietic
581:immunoglobulin
503:Jacques Miller
486:
483:
383:Robert A. Good
366:fellow at the
322:medical school
317:
314:
299:medical school
243:
240:
199:
198:
195:
194:
169:
165:
164:
158:
157:
140:
136:
135:
134:Rosalie Cooper
132:
128:
127:
117:
116:Known for
113:
112:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
77:
61:
59:
55:
54:
43:
35:
34:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3911:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3864:Living people
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3799:
3798:Susan Wessler
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3787:Thomas SĂĽdhof
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3772:Marcia McNutt
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:Robert Grubbs
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3684:J. Roy Taylor
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3624:Sandu Popescu
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3509:James Durrant
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3456:Royal Society
3453:
3446:
3441:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3401:Brian Hoskins
3399:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3377:Drew Weissman
3374:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3314:Akira Yoshino
3312:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3284:Alain Fischer
3281:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3251:
3250:Masato Sagawa
3247:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3232:Toshio Hirano
3229:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3194:
3193:David E. Kuhl
3190:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3151:John Houghton
3149:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3123:Kenichi Honda
3121:
3118:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2998:Nick Holonyak
2996:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2983:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2940:Marvin Minsky
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2838:
2833:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2702:
2689:
2685:
2684:Royal Society
2681:
2675:
2672:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2501:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2448:
2445:
2437:
2436:
2428:
2425:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2288:
2285:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2255:2027.42/62870
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
1999:
1996:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1946:
1943:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1889:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1799:
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3777:Ginés Morata
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3750:
3704:Hugh Watkins
3689:Jenny Thomas
3659:Gordon Slade
3654:Angus Silver
3599:Alison Noble
3594:Anne Neville
3564:Subhash Khot
3559:Yvonne Jones
3549:Eddie Holmes
3539:Roy Harrison
3489:Neil Burgess
3353:Svante Pääbo
3317:
3290:Hideo Hosono
3260:Jean Fréchet
3242:Brian Druker
3238:Janet Rowley
3220:Ken Thompson
3137:Makoto Nagao
3099:Anne McLaren
3040:Jozef Schell
2968:Gerhard Ertl
2962:John J. Wild
2948:Dan McKenzie
2913:Robert Gallo
2905:Frank Fenner
2883:Gurdev Khush
2799:. Retrieved
2795:
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2714:the original
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2692:. Retrieved
2688:the original
2680:"Max Cooper"
2674:
2662:. Retrieved
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1203:
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1180:
1177:"Max Cooper"
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1158:. Retrieved
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1115:. Retrieved
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1048:
1042:
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1017:. Retrieved
1010:the original
976:December 30,
974:. Retrieved
970:the original
956:
946:December 30,
944:. Retrieved
940:the original
936:"Max Cooper"
930:
920:December 29,
918:. Retrieved
914:the original
904:
892:. Retrieved
888:the original
859:December 28,
857:. Retrieved
853:the original
836:
695:immune cells
672:brain cancer
642:, including
633:
592:
562:
551:
535:
527:plasma cells
519:pediatrician
509:role of the
501:. Following
488:
476:
469:
434:
406:Microbiology
391:
372:
319:
288:
245:
213:immunologist
203:
202:
168:Institutions
161:
18:
3859:1933 births
3644:Gavin Salam
3634:Anne Ridley
3629:Sarah Price
3519:Tim Elliott
3514:Warren East
3494:Keith Beven
3161:Albert Fert
3117:Seiji Ogawa
2978:Frank Press
2844:Japan Prize
2776:January 13,
2664:January 17,
2634:January 13,
2608:January 13,
2582:January 15,
2552:January 17,
2522:January 17,
2493:January 13,
2467:January 17,
2417:January 17,
2387:January 27,
2277:January 27,
2038:January 22,
1988:January 22,
1935:January 22,
1767:January 27,
1754:Japan Prize
1731:January 20,
1660:January 20,
1591:January 20,
1543:January 19,
1511:January 19,
1418:January 19,
1367:January 13,
1341:January 12,
1311:January 12,
1285:January 12,
1255:January 12,
1223:January 12,
801:Japan Prize
618:bone marrow
515:lymphocytes
396:(UAB) as a
284:pre-medical
248:Mississippi
147:Japan Prize
90:Nationality
83:Mississippi
52:, July 2017
3813:Categories
3751:Max Cooper
3719:Andy Woods
3664:Pete Smith
3609:David Owen
3569:Julia King
3534:Mark Gross
3332:Rattan Lal
3308:Adi Shamir
3155:Akira Endo
3075:Ian McHarg
3022:Bruce Ames
2901:Isao Arita
2846:recipients
2746:October 8,
1392:The Lancet
1193:January 4,
1160:January 4,
1087:January 1,
894:January 4,
828:References
531:antibodies
389:in 1966.
364:immunology
79:Hazlehurst
68:1933-08-28
3714:Ken Wolfe
3479:Tony Bell
3175:Vint Cerf
3036:Leo Esaki
3012:Masao Ito
652:Jan Klein
599:mammalian
565:embryonic
422:Arthritis
410:Pathology
398:professor
357:pediatric
351:and then
341:residency
312:in 1957.
286:studies.
260:physician
221:Pathology
217:professor
3728:Honorary
3458:elected
2362:31519308
2322:16497590
2264:15241406
2207:12391333
2148:12388781
2089:25567266
2007:(1974).
1888:In vitro
1812:19968560
1796:: 1–19.
1647:14276257
1586:25236938
1473:31792192
1413:14474038
1385:(1961).
1117:June 24,
1077:35820715
644:lampreys
584:isotypes
542:chickens
485:Research
439:, where
414:Medicine
330:Michigan
291:medicine
274:) on an
264:medicine
256:Bentonia
208:ForMemRS
93:American
30:ForMemRS
3744:Foreign
3467:Fellows
3460:in 2017
3454:of the
3452:Fellows
2801:June 5,
2694:May 23,
2234:Bibcode
2175:Bibcode
2116:Bibcode
2067:Bibcode
2033:4141645
1983:4213258
1930:4296027
1922:4546257
1902:Bibcode
1871:5275387
1839:Bibcode
1718:5323079
1709:2138128
1625:Bibcode
1464:6955343
1068:9554051
793:of the
764:of the
656:animals
648:hagfish
629:mammals
625:tissues
558:B cells
499:B cells
495:T cells
453:Georgia
412:and of
379:medical
360:allergy
326:Saginaw
293:at the
236:B cells
232:T cells
126:biology
3796:
3770:
3411:(2024)
3397:(2023)
3383:(2022)
3369:(2021)
3355:(2020)
3334:(2019)
3324:(2018)
3310:(2017)
3296:(2016)
3286:(2015)
3272:(2014)
3252:(2012)
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3105:(2002)
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3014:(1996)
3004:(1995)
3000:Jr. /
2994:(1994)
2984:(1993)
2974:(1992)
2964:(1991)
2954:(1990)
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2889:(1987)
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2865:(1985)
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780:(2010)
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762:Fellow
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751:(1990)
744:(1990)
737:(1990)
731:(1988)
724:(1988)
717:(1972)
693:about
575:, and
511:thymus
418:Cancer
339:for a
316:Career
215:and a
139:Awards
131:Spouse
124:B cell
120:T cell
50:London
3342:2020s
3203:2010s
3068:2000s
2933:1990s
2852:1980s
2439:(PDF)
2268:S2CID
1955:(PDF)
1926:S2CID
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607:fetal
603:liver
547:X-ray
270:(now
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2358:PMID
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2279:2023
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2144:PMID
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2029:PMID
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1979:PMID
1937:2023
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282:for
234:and
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