2193:
290:. Meals are restricted to baked potatoes, oatmeal, salad, cooked and raw vegetables and fruits. Meat and dairy is excluded and only introduced in small amounts back into the diet after 4 or 6 weeks. Berries, nuts, salt, vegetable oils and drinking water are forbidden indefinitely. All canned, frozen and refined foods are excluded and a special grinder and press is required for
2204:
436:
Gerson therapy can lead to several significant health problems. Serious illness and death have occurred as a direct result of some portions of the treatment, including severe electrolyte imbalances. Proponents of the therapy advise ceasing conventional cancer treatment, and this further risks causing
278:
the liver. Coffee enemas are said to cause excretion of toxic breakdown products by the liver and through the colon wall. None of these ideas are supported by scientific research. Gerson commented that his therapy aimed to create a "near normal condition of the oxidizing system in the body, to which
458:
Coffee enemas have contributed to the deaths of at least three people in the United States. Coffee enemas "can cause colitis (inflammation of the bowel), fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and in some cases septicemia". The recommended diet may not be nutritionally adequate. The diet has been blamed
423:
concluded: "If proponents of such therapies wish them to be evaluated scientifically and considered valid adjuvant treatments, they must provide extensive records (more than simple survival rates) and conduct controlled, prospective studies as evidence". In 1959, the
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
269:
Gerson therapy is based on the belief that cancer is the result of a deteriorating metabolism from an impaired liver function. Gerson therapy aims to restore the body to health by repairing the liver and return metabolism to its normal state. The therapy promotes the idea that cancer is caused by
233:
Gerson emigrated to the United States in 1936, passed his medical board examination, and became a U.S. citizen in 1942. In the U.S., Gerson applied his dietary therapy to several cancer patients, claiming good results, but other workers found his methodology and claims unconvincing. Proponents of
405:
found that the institute's claims of cure were based not on actual documentation of survival, but on "a combination of the doctor's estimate that the departing patient has a 'reasonable chance of surviving', plus feelings that the
Institute staff have about the status of people who call in".
465:, better known as "The Wellness Warrior", was a major proponent of the Gerson diet after her diagnosis with cancer. She rejected medical treatment and followed the diet strictly, documenting her progress in a popular blog. She died from her untreated cancer in February 2015, aged 29.
1228:
Kefford is particularly concerned about cancer patients persuaded to undergo the much-hyped U.S. Gerson diet program, which involves the use of ground coffee enemas, which can cause colitis (inflammation of the bowel), fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and in some cases
348:, Mexico; the tenth followed Gerson therapy at home. One of these patients who had metastatic melanoma died within a week of his septic episode. Many of the patients had low sodium levels, thought to be associated with the very low sodium Gerson diet. The photographer
723:"Gerson therapy consists of a strict low-sodium diet, consumption of large amounts of juice from fruits, vegetables, and calf liver, and frequent coffee enemas. No credible cancer cures have resulted from this therapy, and deaths from the therapy have been reported."
225:, where he worked in the West End Sanatorium. Gerson spent two years in Vienna, before moving to France in 1935, associating with a clinic near Paris before moving to London in 1936. Shortly thereafter, he moved to the United States, settling in New York City.
1992:
418:
reviewed 10 claimed cures submitted by Gerson; however, all of the patients were receiving standard anticancer treatment simultaneously, making it impossible to determine what effect, if any, was due to Gerson's therapy. A review of the Gerson therapy by
413:
reported that "here is no reliable scientific evidence that Gerson therapy is effective in treating cancer, and the principles behind it are not widely accepted by the medical community. It is not approved for use in the United States." In 1947, the
801:
2278:
316:
After Gerson's death, his daughter
Charlotte Gerson (March 25, 1922 - February 10, 2019) continued to promote the therapy, founding the "Gerson Institute" in 1977. The original protocol also included raw
166:
evaluated Gerson's claims and concluded that his data showed no benefit from his treatment. The therapy is both ineffective and dangerous. Serious illness and deaths have resulted from Gerson therapy.
517:
238:
headed by the medical establishment prevented Gerson from publishing proof that his therapy worked. In 1958, Gerson published a book in which he claimed to have cured 50 terminal cancer patients:
1155:
340:
This infection was seen only in those following Gerson-type therapy with raw liver (no other cases of patients having sepsis with this microbe, a pathogen in cattle, had been reported to
206:, developing the Gerson-Sauerbruch-Hermannsdorfer diet, claiming it was a major advance in the treatment of tuberculosis. Initially, he used his therapy as a supposed treatment for
397:
Attempts to independently check the results of the therapy have been negative. A group of 13 patients sickened by elements of the Gerson therapy were evaluated in hospitals in
484:
2248:
2238:
798:
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states that "Available scientific evidence does not support any claims that Gerson therapy can treat cancer Gerson therapy can be very harmful to your health."
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2023:
1396:
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Initially, Gerson used his therapy as a treatment for migraine headaches and tuberculosis. In 1928, he began to use it as a supposed treatment for cancer.
1185:
2258:
509:
341:
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and toxic environmental substances which alter its sodium and potassium content. It also emphasizes limiting sodium and increasing potassium intake to
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2268:
155:, dietary supplements and raw calf liver extract, the latter was discontinued in the 1980s after patients were hospitalized for bacterial infections.
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690:
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187:
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982:
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99:
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2018:
424:
again reviewed cases of patients treated by Gerson. The NCI found that the available information did not prove the regimen had benefit.
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218:
143:(October 18, 1881 – March 8, 1959) was a German-born American physician who developed the Gerson therapy, a dietary-based
33:
147:
that he claimed could cure cancer and most chronic, degenerative diseases. Gerson therapy involves a plant-based diet with
850:
536:
Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) (June 1981). "Campylobacter sepsis associated with "nutritional therapy"--California".
1234:
313:. Since 1983, Gerson therapy has involved the use of ozone enemas, where up to 150mg of ozone is administered rectally.
144:
132:
2207:
876:
361:
827:
2196:
1382:
1213:"Fake healers. Why Australia's $ 1 billion-a-year alternative medicine industry is ineffective and out of control"
364:, and thus is illegal to market in the United States. The Gerson Institute promotes the therapy by citing patient
2028:
1597:
1133:
624:
415:
373:
372:. Gerson published a book discussing the alleged success of the therapy in 50 patients, but a review by the U.S.
325:
taken orally, but this practice was discontinued in the 1980s after ten patients were hospitalized (five of them
163:
589:
1978:
1310:"Jessica Ainscough: Family, friends gather to remember 'The Wellness Warrior' who lost battle with rare cancer"
2106:
2064:
2049:
1434:
1286:
794:
657:
410:
1657:
1577:
1267:
904:
Gorski DH (2019). "Cancer
Quackery and Fake News: Targeting the Most Vulnerable". In Bernicker EH (ed.).
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243:
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The therapy is not recommended for pregnant or breast-feeding women and certain cancers and illnesses.
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has subsequently spread that Gerson was murdered following a lifetime of supposed persecution.
1958:
1934:
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57:
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The politics of healing: histories of alternative medicine in twentieth-century North
America
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was discontinued and, in 1958, his medical license in New York was suspended for two years.
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452:. Other complications have included dehydration, serious infections and severe bleeding.
391:
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was unable to find any evidence that Gerson's claims were accurate. The NCI found that no
349:
1268:
Clinical
Practice Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Lung Cancer
2054:
1993:
How Not to Die: Discover the Foods
Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease
1838:
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in the early 1980s; all 13 were found to still have active cancer. An investigation by
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has warned against this regime, which is known to have caused at least three deaths.
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including hourly glasses of vegetable juice, raw calf's liver extracts and various
210:
headaches and tuberculosis. In 1928, he began to use it as a claimed treatment for
203:
148:
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in the previous two years). Nine of ten hospitalized patients had been treated in
175:
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974:
Nutrition
Management of the Cancer Patient: A Practical Guide for Professionals
390:
suffered from methodological flaws, and no independent entity has been able to
2172:
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1903:
1883:
1768:
1718:
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761:
745:"Unproven methods of cancer management. Gerson method of treatment for cancer"
744:
402:
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191:
53:
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906:
Cancer and
Society: A Multidisciplinary Assessment and Strategies for Action
822:
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398:
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for the deaths of patients who substituted it for standard medical care.
207:
1024:
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(1998)78:11+<69::AID-IJC20>3.0.CO;2-7
555:
282:
Gerson therapy claims to treat the disease by having patients consume a
1697:
1046:
449:
378:
345:
291:
32:
1061:"Street-Wise: The Photography of Garry Winogrand and Alexey Titarenko"
2167:
2131:
2116:
1332:"Living proof and the pseudoscience of alternative cancer treatments"
222:
211:
183:
1374:
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Gerson's therapy has not been independently tested or subjected to
441:
322:
310:
2136:
2101:
326:
1378:
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may weaken the colon's normal function, causing or worsening
279:
malignant cells with the fermentation system cannot adapt".
1086:"The Gerson Institute — Alternative Cancer Treatment"
352:
died of gallbladder cancer in a Gerson Clinic in Tijuana.
333:, area hospitals due to infection with the rare bacterium
2279:
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
590:"Unproven Methods of Cancer Management: Gerson Therapy"
186:), on October 18, 1881. In 1909, he graduated from the
1282:"Cancer Therapy Pained Her Family... And Didn't Work"
190:. He began practicing medicine at age 28 in Breslau (
1371:(includes section on Gerson therapy with references)
2155:
2094:
2073:
2037:
2011:
1969:
1926:
1711:
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1412:
202:. By 1927, he was specializing in the treatment of
127:
113:
105:
95:
87:
68:
39:
23:
485:List of unproven and disproven cancer treatments
1336:Journal of the Society for Integrative Oncology
977:. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 362.
943:
941:
382:animal studies had been conducted. Similarly,
254:Gerson died on March 8, 1959, of pneumonia. A
2024:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
1390:
8:
790:
788:
538:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
386:by Gerson Institute staff published in the
221:in 1933 Gerson left Germany, emigrating to
1507:
1397:
1383:
1375:
1007:"Alternative Nutritional Cancer Therapies"
739:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
584:
342:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
158:Gerson described his approach in the book
31:
20:
1347:
1101:"Background History of the Gerson Clinic"
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615:
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194:, now in Poland), later specializing in
1280:Snowbeck, Christopher (April 9, 1999).
877:"Dr. Max Gerson, 77, Cancer specialist"
681:
679:
500:
2249:Deaths from pneumonia in New York City
2239:Alternative cancer treatment advocates
691:Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
531:
529:
527:
421:Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
174:Gerson was born to a Jewish family in
1511:Academics, dietitians, and physicians
648:
646:
644:
642:
329:) from January 1979 to March 1981 in
240:A Cancer Therapy: Results of 50 Cases
160:A Cancer Therapy: Results of 50 Cases
16:German-American physician (1881–1959)
7:
2244:Alternative detoxification promoters
2203:
960:from the original on April 12, 2021.
713:Oxford American Handbook of Oncology
188:Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg
100:Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg
2019:Plant-Based Health Professionals UK
1308:Williams, Patrick (March 6, 2015).
1049:; "About Us". Accessed 12 May 2012.
749:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
715:. Oxford University Press. p. 201.
594:CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians
520:from the original on June 10, 2023.
14:
2259:People from the Province of Posen
1330:Vickers AJ, Cassileth BR (2008).
1059:Bailey, John (December 6, 2009).
270:alteration of cell metabolism by
2284:Physicians from New York (state)
2202:
2192:
2191:
687:"Overview of the Gerson Regimen"
131:Gerson therapy, a dietary-based
2294:Pseudoscientific diet advocates
1099:Lowell, James (February 1986).
1011:International Journal of Cancer
554:On-line link to this report at
1712:Advocates and cookbook authors
388:alternative medical literature
297:In addition, patients receive
1:
2274:University of Freiburg alumni
2269:University of Würzburg alumni
1365:Questionable Cancer Therapies
948:Cassileth, Barrie R. (2010).
908:. Springer. pp. 95–112.
117:
2264:University of Breslau alumni
1235:Food and Drug Administration
362:randomized controlled trials
145:alternative cancer treatment
133:alternative cancer treatment
914:10.1007/978-3-030-05855-5_7
885:. March 9, 1959. p. 29
808:". Accessed March 22, 2011.
558:. Accessed 17 October 2012.
2310:
2289:Plant-based diet advocates
1249:Clinic Practice Guidelines
1105:Nutrition Forum Newsletter
855:. Routledge. p. 222.
2186:
2029:Pritikin Longevity Center
1134:National Cancer Institute
1130:"Gerson Therapy Overview"
762:10.3322/canjclin.23.5.314
625:National Cancer Institute
621:"Gerson Therapy: History"
510:"What is Gerson therapy?"
416:National Cancer Institute
374:National Cancer Institute
234:Gerson therapy believe a
164:National Cancer Institute
30:
1979:Adventist Health Studies
1156:"What Gerson therapy is"
1065:American Cinematographer
828:The Skeptic's Dictionary
2065:Plant-based action plan
1287:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
849:Hess, David J. (2004).
804:April 25, 2013, at the
795:American Cancer Society
711:Lyman, Gary H. (2015).
658:American Cancer Society
411:American Cancer Society
1578:Christopher D. Gardner
1255:July 21, 2008, at the
971:Abby S. Bloch (1990).
508:Schwarcz, Joe (2017).
198:and nerve diseases in
2254:People from Wągrowiec
1874:Arnold Schwarzenegger
1460:Planetary health diet
1166:on September 30, 2012
331:San Diego, California
244:malpractice insurance
170:Early life and career
2086:Vegetarian nutrition
1734:Dawn Jackson Blatner
1638:Palaniappan Manickam
1435:Lacto-ovo vegetarian
242:. In 1953, Gerson's
229:In the United States
91:American (from 1942)
1834:Joanne Lee Molinaro
1136:. September 6, 2007
1005:Weitzman S (1998).
821:(January 6, 2014).
627:. February 26, 2010
600:(4): 252–255. 1990.
336:Campylobacter fetus
288:dietary supplements
182:(Wągrowiec, now in
2001:The Longevity Diet
1829:Hetty Lui McKinnon
1558:Caldwell Esselstyn
1445:Mediterranean diet
1192:. January 10, 2023
1190:Cancer Research UK
1160:Cancer Research UK
1045:Gerson Institute,
882:The New York Times
755:(5): 314–7. 1973.
426:Cancer Research UK
370:anecdotal evidence
2216:
2215:
1959:The Game Changers
1935:Forks Over Knives
1922:
1921:
1784:Robert Downey Jr.
1764:Suzy Amis Cameron
1703:Ellsworth Wareham
1643:John A. McDougall
1528:T. Colin Campbell
1406:Plant-based diets
984:978-0-8342-0132-3
923:978-3-030-05855-5
799:Metabolic Therapy
664:on April 20, 2009
514:McGill University
475:Chelation therapy
463:Jessica Ainscough
440:Continued use of
307:hydrogen peroxide
256:conspiracy theory
196:internal medicine
138:
137:
114:Years active
58:Province of Posen
2301:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2194:
2112:Herbs and spices
1943:PlantPure Nation
1889:Hannah Sunderani
1879:Jessica Seinfeld
1844:David H. Murdock
1648:Tracye McQuirter
1608:David J. Jenkins
1508:
1485:Sustainable diet
1430:Lacto vegetarian
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1186:"Gerson therapy"
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1162:. Archived from
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950:"Gerson Therapy"
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823:"Gerson Therapy"
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693:. March 18, 2009
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660:. Archived from
654:"Gerson Therapy"
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559:
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299:enemas of coffee
284:plant-based diet
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50:October 18, 1881
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35:
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2081:Vegan nutrition
2069:
2050:Fermented foods
2033:
2007:
1985:The China Study
1971:
1965:
1951:What the Health
1918:
1914:Robert O. Young
1894:Deborah Szekely
1779:Rosanna Davison
1749:Brendan Brazier
1739:Carleigh Bodrug
1707:
1673:Nathan Pritikin
1593:Julieanna Hever
1523:Will Bulsiewicz
1518:Neal D. Barnard
1499:
1440:Low-carbon diet
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1683:Terry Shintani
1680:
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1630:
1628:Susan M. Levin
1625:
1623:Michael Klaper
1620:
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1603:Shireen Kassam
1600:
1595:
1590:
1588:Michael Greger
1585:
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1563:Gary E. Fraser
1560:
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1497:
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1477:
1472:
1470:Portfolio diet
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1450:Ovo vegetarian
1447:
1442:
1437:
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1324:External links
1322:
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1241:
1217:Medical Mayhem
1203:
1177:
1147:
1121:
1091:
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1038:
1017:(S11): 69–72.
997:
983:
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954:Cancer Network
937:
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721:978-0199922789
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272:processed food
263:
262:Gerson therapy
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128:Known for
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76:(aged 77)
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2012:Organizations
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544:(24): 294–5.
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480:List of diets
478:
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219:came to power
217:
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205:
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197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
180:German Empire
177:
169:
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156:
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150:
149:coffee enemas
146:
142:
134:
130:
126:
116:
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108:
104:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
81:
80:New York City
72:March 8, 1959
71:
67:
63:
62:German Empire
59:
55:
42:
38:
34:
29:
22:
19:
2190:
2147:Whole grains
2038:Key concepts
1999:
1991:
1983:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1849:Toni Okamoto
1819:Max La Manna
1809:Richa Hingle
1754:Dan Buettner
1729:Mark Bittman
1688:Sheil Shukla
1653:Gemma Newman
1633:Valter Longo
1582:
1568:Joel Fuhrman
1543:Alan Desmond
1533:Brenda Davis
1480:Sattvic diet
1342:(1): 37–40.
1339:
1335:
1313:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1285:
1275:
1263:
1251:, page 182.
1244:
1227:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:
1211:Hills, Ben.
1206:
1194:. Retrieved
1189:
1180:
1168:. Retrieved
1164:the original
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1104:
1094:
1080:
1068:. Retrieved
1064:
1054:
1041:
1014:
1010:
1000:
990:November 23,
988:. Retrieved
973:
966:
953:
905:
899:
887:. Retrieved
880:
871:
851:
844:
832:. Retrieved
826:
813:
752:
748:
712:
707:
695:. Retrieved
666:. Retrieved
662:the original
629:. Retrieved
597:
593:
541:
537:
513:
503:
490:Belle Gibson
461:
457:
454:
446:constipation
439:
435:
408:
396:
394:the claims.
377:
366:testimonials
359:
334:
315:
296:
281:
268:
265:
253:
239:
232:
204:tuberculosis
173:
162:(1958). The
159:
157:
153:ozone enemas
140:
139:
74:(1959-03-08)
18:
2234:1959 deaths
2229:1881 births
1869:Derek Sarno
1859:Steve Pilot
1854:Darin Olien
1814:Daniel Humm
1789:Marta Dymek
1693:Tim Spector
1678:Megan Rossi
1663:Dean Ornish
1658:Jack Norris
1573:Kristi Funk
1553:Gidon Eshel
1538:Garth Davis
1465:Pollotarian
1455:Pescetarian
1420:Flexitarian
1233:. The U.S.
1231:septicaemia
1170:October 22,
889:November 8,
384:case series
214:. When the
121: 1909
88:Citizenship
2223:Categories
2173:Plant milk
2142:Vegetables
1904:Nisha Vora
1884:Gene Stone
1769:Hannah Che
1719:Eric Adams
1668:Jane Plant
1598:Simon Hill
1583:Max Gerson
1548:Hans Diehl
1495:Vegetarian
1425:Fruitarian
1369:Quackwatch
1270:, page 196
1196:August 28,
1109:Quackwatch
1047:gerson.org
819:Carroll RT
556:CDC Stacks
496:References
403:Quackwatch
368:and other
303:castor oil
236:conspiracy
176:Wongrowitz
141:Max Gerson
106:Occupation
54:Wongrowitz
46:1881-10-18
25:Max Gerson
2074:Nutrition
1774:Joe Cross
1613:Joel Kahn
1475:Raw vegan
1293:April 22,
1140:April 22,
1114:April 22,
932:133344385
697:April 22,
668:April 22,
631:March 31,
399:San Diego
392:reproduce
200:Bielefeld
109:Physician
2197:Category
1899:Jeeca Uy
1358:18302909
1314:ABC News
1253:Archived
1222:March 6,
958:Archived
834:April 1,
802:Archived
779:35027868
518:Archived
469:See also
356:Evidence
327:comatose
276:detoxify
208:migraine
2208:Commons
1972:studies
1698:Mia Syn
1367:, from
1349:2630257
1070:July 2,
1033:9876483
771:4202045
550:6789105
450:colitis
379:in vivo
346:Tijuana
292:juicing
192:Wrocław
2168:Coffee
2132:Tempeh
2004:(2018)
1996:(2015)
1988:(2005)
1970:Books,
1962:(2018)
1954:(2017)
1946:(2015)
1938:(2011)
1504:People
1356:
1346:
1031:
981:
930:
920:
859:
777:
769:
719:
548:
442:enemas
437:harm.
223:Vienna
212:cancer
184:Poland
82:, U.S.
2163:Cacao
2156:Drink
2127:Seeds
2107:Fruit
2102:Beans
1927:Films
1490:Vegan
1413:Diets
928:S2CID
775:S2CID
323:liver
311:ozone
250:Death
216:Nazis
123:–1958
2137:Tofu
2122:Nuts
2095:Food
1354:PMID
1295:2009
1224:2008
1198:2024
1172:2012
1142:2009
1116:2009
1072:2018
1029:PMID
992:2012
979:ISBN
918:ISBN
891:2020
857:ISBN
836:2014
767:PMID
717:ISBN
699:2009
670:2009
633:2010
546:PMID
448:and
409:The
319:calf
305:and
69:Died
40:Born
2178:Tea
1344:PMC
1019:doi
910:doi
797:. "
757:doi
321:'s
309:or
2225::
1352:.
1338:.
1334:.
1312:.
1284:.
1226:.
1215:.
1188:.
1158:.
1132:.
1107:.
1103:.
1063:.
1027:.
1015:78
1013:.
1009:.
956:.
952:.
940:^
926:.
916:.
879:.
825:.
787:^
773:.
765:.
753:23
751:.
747:.
728:^
689:.
678:^
656:.
641:^
623:.
606:^
598:40
596:.
592:.
563:^
542:30
540:.
526:^
516:.
512:.
301:,
294:.
178:,
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118:c.
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1316:.
1297:.
1200:.
1174:.
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1118:.
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1074:.
1035:.
1021::
994:.
934:.
912::
893:.
865:.
838:.
781:.
759::
701:.
672:.
635:.
552:.
338:.
48:)
44:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.