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18th century, based on pure logic, demanded that all men be treated equally. Nordau perceived Jewish
Emancipation the result of "a regular equation: Every man is born with certain rights; the Jews are human beings, consequently the Jews are born to own the rights of man." This Emancipation was written in the statute books of Europe, but contrasted with popular social consciousness. It was this which explained the apparent contradiction of equality before the law. Yet the existence of antisemitism, and in particular 'racial' antisemitism, was no longer based on old religious bigotry. Nordau cited England as an exception to this continental antisemitism that proved the rule. "In England, Emancipation is a truth … It had already been completed in the heart before legislation expressly confirmed it." Only if Emancipation came from changes within society, as opposed to abstract ideas imposed upon society, could it be a reality. Nordau's rejection of the accepted idea of Emancipation was not based entirely on the Dreyfus Affair. It had manifested itself much earlier in
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all Jewish groups, who persuaded Herzl of the need for an assembly. This appearance of democracy certainly helped counter accusations that the "Zionists represented no one but themselves". There were to be eleven such
Congresses in all. The first, which Nordau organized, was in Basle, 29–31 August 1897. His fame as an intellectual helped draw attention to the project. Indeed, the fact that Max Nordau, the trenchant essayist and journalist, was a Jew came as a revelation for many. Herzl obviously took centre stage, making the first speech at the Congress; Nordau followed him with an assessment of the Jewish condition in Europe. Nordau used statistics to paint a portrait of the dire straits of Eastern Jewry and also expressed his belief in the destiny of Jewish people as a democratic nation state, free of what he saw as the constraints of Emancipation.
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391:) as a descriptor of a Jewish culture and religion which directed its adherents to reach for certain moral and corporeal ideals which, through discipline, agility and strength, would result in a stronger, more physically assured, Jew who would outshine the long-held stereotype of the weak, intellectually sustained, Jew. He further explored the concept of the "muscle Jew" in a 1900 article of the
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manifested in France during the
Dreyfus affair was indicative of the majority of the French or simply a very vocal minority is open to debate. However, the very fact that such sentiment had manifested itself in France was particularly significant. This was the country often seen as the model of the
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re-examined the Jewish people, in particular stereotypes of the Jews. He fought against the tradition of seeing the Jews as merchants or business people, arguing that most modern financial innovations such as insurance had been invented by gentiles. He saw the Jewish people as having a unique gift
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which played such a vital part in shaping what
Zionism would become. Herzl had favoured the idea of a Jewish newspaper and an elitist "Society of Jews" to spread the ideas of Zionism. It was Nordau, convinced that Zionism had to at least appear democratic, despite the impossibility of representing
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Nordau's work as a critic of
European civilization and where it was heading certainly contributed to his eventual role in Zionism. One of the central tenets of Nordau's beliefs was evolution, in all things, and he concluded that emancipation was not born out of evolution. French rationalism of the
328:'s conviction that Zionism was now necessary. Herzl's views were formed during his time in France where he recognized the universality of antisemitism; the Dreyfus Affair cemented his belief in the failure of assimilation. Nordau also witnessed the Paris mob outside the École Militaire crying
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in 1872. He then traveled for six years, visiting the principal countries of Europe. He changed his name before going to Berlin in 1873. In 1878 he began the practice of medicine in
Budapest. In 1880 he went to Paris. He worked in Paris as a correspondent for
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for politics, a calling which they were unable to fulfil without their own nation-state. Whereas Herzl favoured the idea of an elite forming policy, Nordau insisted the
Congress have a democratic nature of some sort, calling for votes on key topics.
339:, began here in Paris. This trial went beyond a miscarriage of justice and in Herzl's words "contained the wish of the overwhelming majority in France, to damn a Jew, and in this one Jew, all Jews". Whether or not the
241:. Subsequently, he was an editorial writer and correspondent for several other newspapers. His newspaper writings were collected and furnished the material for his earlier books. He was a disciple of
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Nordau was an example of a fully assimilated and acculturated
European Jew. Despite being raised religious, Nordau was an agnostic. He married a Christian woman of Danish origin. Despite his
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background, he felt affiliated to German culture, writing in an autobiographical sketch "When I reached the age of fifteen, I left the Jewish way of life and the study of the
482:, as well as a polemic against the effects of a range of the rising social phenomena of the period, such as rapid urbanization and its perceived effects on the human body.
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the value of works of genius in a wholesale way (such works of contemporary art, namely, as he himself is unable to enjoy, and they are many) by using medical arguments".
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282:; indeed Nordau's relative fame certainly helped bring attention to the Zionist movement. He can be credited with giving the organization a democratic character.
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256:... Judaism remained a mere memory and since then I have always felt as a German and as a German only." Max Nordau was the father of the painter
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are centred on a description of the artistic and literary currents of an "end-of-century" that was leading society to "ruin". Nordau attacks
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When World War I broke out, as a native of
Hungary he was accused of German sympathies. He denied the charge and afterward went to reside in
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Karola Agnes
Franziska Dahmen (2006). "Spurensuche. Der Mediziner, Romancier, Kulturkritiker und Journalist Max Nordau".
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Before entering the university, he had begun his literary career in Budapest as contributor and dramatic critic for
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Nordau's conversion to Zionism is in many ways typical of the rise of Zionism amongst Western European Jewry. The
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Literature by and about Max Nordau in University Library JCS Frankfurt am Main: Digital Collections Judaica
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in aggressive terms: "Wilde loves immorality, sin, and crime". According to Eribon, the two volumes of
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874:"Issues of Assimilation, Language and Identity in the Lives of Young Max Nordau and Tivadar Herzl"
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1223:. Biblioteca antropologico-giuridica. Serie III, 8 (in French) (2a edizione ed.). Torino:
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His role of friend and advisor to Herzl, who was working as the correspondent for the Viennese
219:. His father, Gabriel Südfeld, was a rabbi, but earned his livelihood as a Hebrew tutor. As an
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In December 1903 a 24-year-old Russian student attempted to assassinate Nordau at a Parisian
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Zionism and the Fin de Siècle: Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism from Nordau to Jabotinsky
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1219:(1896). "La Degenerazione del genio e l'opera di Max Nordau". In Nordau, Max (ed.).
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Psychopathologie des Fin de Siècle. Der Kulturkritiker, Arzt und Zionist Max Nordau
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celebration. The attacker shouted "Death to the East African" as he fired his gun.
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1089:(1999)). Translated by Michael Lucey. Duke University Press, 440 pages. July 2004
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195:(1896). Although not his most popular or successful work whilst alive,
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Triumph of Survival: The Story of the Jews in the Modern Era 1650-1990
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Biological Theory: Integrating Development, Evolution and Cognition
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Mason, P.H. (2010). "Degeneracy at multiple levels of complexity".
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Muscular Judaism: the Jewish Body and the Politics of Regeneration
843:"Liberalism, Nationalism and Degeneration: The Case of Max Nordau"
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age, that had given Europe the Great Revolution and beginnings of
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Simon (Simcha) Maximilian Südfeld (later Max Nordau) was born in
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Zionist leader, physician, author, and social critic (1849–1923)
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Nordau's conversion to Zionism was eventually triggered by the
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The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature
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The complete guide to Israeli postage stamps from 1948 onward
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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in his lecture on Neurology and Religion at the beginning of
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Nordau also, at the 1898 Zionist Congress, coined the term "
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Social Science and the Politics of Modern Jewish Identity
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Seiner Rolle Als Kunstkritiker der Neuen Freien Presse
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Like Herzl, Nordau was an agnostic, if not an atheist.
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refers to a whole section in Nordau's book targeting
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989:[Dictionary of Jewish painters]. ArtCult.
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366:(Die konventionellen Lügen der Kulturmenschheit)
1372:Article on Max Nordau in April 1895 edition of
1150:. Vol. 4. NY: Studies in German History.
1461:Delegates to the First World Zionist Congress
1013:"Max Nordau and the Making of Racial Zionism"
661:Die konventionelle Lügen der Kulturmenschheit
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459:Portrait of Nordau in April 1895 edition of
1344:Max Nordau Personal Manuscripts and Letters
1281:Max Nordau Original Letters and Manuscripts
278:Nordau went on to play a major role in the
1207:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1148:Max Nordau's fin-de-siècle romance of race
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1426:Hungarian people of Polish-Jewish descent
657:, a drama (The war of the millions, 1882)
363:The Conventional Lies of Our Civilisation
183:The Conventional Lies of Our Civilisation
645:(From the Kremlin to the Alhambra, 1880)
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159:; 29 July 1849 – 23 January 1923) was a
1046:. Hamish Hamilton SBN 241 02447 1 p.322
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681:, a novel (A Comedy of Sentiment, 1891)
602:In 1926 Nordau's remains were moved to
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651:(Paris under the Third Republic, 1881)
444:Nordau died in Paris, France in 1923.
1083:Insult and the Making of the Gay Self
938:. Mesorah Publications. p. 238.
579:The Varieties of Religious Experience
491:Insult and the Making of the Gay Self
437:Nordau was tasked with defending the
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1349:Newspaper clippings about Max Nordau
1044:Theodor Herzl: Artist and Politician
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815:Hart, Mitchell Bryan (May 9, 2000).
699:, a drama (The right to live, 1893)
610:. A major Tel Aviv street is named
729:(Contemporary French people, 1901)
633:(Paris studies and sketches, 1878)
553:, all those who wished to protect
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1169:. University of California Press.
987:"Dictionnaire des peintres juifs"
911:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
675:(The Malady of the Century, 1887)
51:Simon Maximilian (Simcha) Südfeld
1431:Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
1257:. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
993:from the original on 11 May 2015
649:Paris unter der dritten Republik
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1451:Eötvös Loránd University alumni
1124:from the original on 2017-02-01
1025:from the original on 2018-08-08
883:from the original on 2018-08-08
855:from the original on 2018-08-08
163:leader, physician, author, and
1436:Burials at Trumpeldor Cemetery
1178:. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer.
1165:Stanislawski, Michael (2001).
1101:Réflexions sur la question gay
1087:Réflexions sur la question gay
673:Die Krankheit des Jahrhunderts
487:Réflexions sur la question gay
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1290:Shapell Manuscript Foundation
1193:Anna und Maxa Nordau (1943).
1056:Presner, Todd Samuel (2007).
821:. Stanford University Press.
537:are also targeted by him as "
181:As a social critic, he wrote
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1312:Works by or about Max Nordau
1120:. Longmans, Green & Co.
747:(The sense of history, 1909)
711:(Battle of the drones, 1897)
489:(translated into English as
1353:20th Century Press Archives
1174:Schulte, Christoph (1997).
170:He was a co-founder of the
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1146:Melanie A. Murphy (2007).
705:, a drama (The ball, 1894)
631:Pariser Studien und Bilder
617:There has been a literary
417:Nordau was central to the
280:World Zionist Organization
267:. Many Jews, amongst them
117:World Zionist Organization
1401:People from Pest, Hungary
1328:. Boeliem. Archived from
914:"Nordau, Max Simon"
831:– via Google Books.
765:(The sport of life, 1912)
693:(Analysis of souls, 1892)
425:Nordau's speeches to the
394:Jewish Gymnastics Journal
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1421:Jewish Hungarian writers
1275:Central Zionist Archives
796:Dr. Max Nordau Synagogue
753:(Zionist writings, 1909)
727:Zeitgenossiche Franzosen
598:Tomb of Nordau, Tel Aviv
332:("death to the Jews!").
157:Simon Maximilian Südfeld
1195:Max Nordau. A Biography
1114:James, William (1902).
1099:Eribon, Didier (1999).
1042:Desmond Stewart (1974)
759:(Crumbs of ruins, 1910)
745:Die Sinn der Geschichte
655:Der Krieg der Millionen
409:Nordau stamp issued by
356:Failure of emancipation
1227:. pp. XXXIX-568.
920:Encyclopedia Americana
751:Zionistische Schriften
643:Vom Kreml zur Alhambra
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435:Sixth Zionist Congress
427:World Zionist Congress
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1441:History of psychiatry
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687:(Degeneration, 1892)
639:(Soap bubbles, 1879)
468:Nordau's major work
411:Jewish National Fund
330:"à morts les juifs!"
310:Ephraim Moses Lilien
172:Zionist Organization
1456:German male writers
1411:Hungarian agnostics
1303:Works by Max Nordau
1298:Jewish Encyclopedia
934:Berel Wein (1990).
721:The Drones Must Die
709:Die Drohnenschlacht
697:Das Recht zu lieben
621:awarded in Israel.
608:Trumpeldor Cemetery
350:Jewish emancipation
215:, then part of the
104:Physician, author,
1471:German eugenicists
1466:Jewish eugenicists
1416:Hungarian Zionists
1367:Dr. Henry Abramson
1286:2014-05-11 at the
967:2018-11-25 at the
739:On Art and Artists
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419:Zionist Congresses
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225:University of Pest
213:Kingdom of Hungary
69:Kingdom of Hungary
1361:Video lecture on
1307:Project Gutenberg
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669:(Paradoxes, 1885)
337:Neue Freie Presse
231:Neue Freie Presse
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1277:in Jerusalem
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124:Notable work
90:(1923-01-23)
61:29 July 1849
1396:1923 deaths
1391:1849 births
1374:The Bookman
1197:. New York.
551:politicians
527:Decadentism
499:Oscar Wilde
462:The Bookman
346:enlightened
258:Maxa Nordau
40: 1906
1385:Categories
1376:(New York)
1363:Max Nordau
1336:2010-11-07
1128:2011-11-29
1029:2018-08-08
887:2018-08-08
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802:References
733:Morganatic
563:immorality
507:symbolists
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1233:660973767
1203:cite book
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703:Die Kugel
685:Entartung
568:Nordau's
539:neurotics
519:Wagnerism
470:Entartung
250:Hungarian
203:Biography
193:Paradoxes
137:Signature
1284:Archived
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