Knowledge (XXG)

Mazurkas (Chopin)

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187:, or even repetition of an entire section. This repetition makes sense in the traditional dance for the repeat of a certain section of the actual dance; even though Chopin did not compose his mazurkas so they could be danced to, it is clear Chopin kept the original form in mind. Furthermore, many of the rhythmic patterns of the traditional mazurka also appear in Chopin's compositions so they still convey the idea of a dance, but a more "self-contained, stylized dance piece." In keeping with this idea, Chopin did try to make his mazurkas more technically interesting by furthering their 220:
Liszt's claim was inaccurate, the actions of scholars who read his writing proved to be more disastrous. When reading Liszt's work, scholars interpreted the word "national" as "folk," creating the "longest standing myth in Chopin criticism—the myth that Chopin's mazurkas are national works rooted in an authentic Polish-folk music tradition." In fact, the most likely explanation for Chopin's influence is the national music he was hearing as a young man in urban areas of Poland, such as Warsaw.
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After scholars created this myth, they furthered it through their own writings in different ways. Some picked specific mazurkas that they could apply to a point they were trying to make in support of Chopin's direct connection with folk music. Others simply made generalizations so that their claims
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While it is known that Chopin's mazurkas are connected to the traditional dance, throughout the years there has been much scholarly debate as to how exactly they are connected. The main subject of this debate is whether Chopin had an actual direct connection to Polish folk music, or whether he heard
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published a piece about Chopin's mazurkas, saying that Chopin had been directly influenced by Polish national music to compose his mazurkas. Liszt also provided descriptions of specific dance scenes, which were not completely accurate, but were "a way to raise the status of these works ." While
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Since Chopin's mazurkas connect to the already established traditional Polish mazurka, some of the characteristics of the genre remain the same in his interpretation. For example, both the traditional mazurka and Chopin's version contain a great deal of repetition. This can mean repetition of a
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published an essay in which he said that Chopin "had not known authentic Polish folk music." By the time of his death in 1945, BartĂłk was a very well known and respected composer, as well as a prominent expert on folk music, so his opinion and his writing carried a great deal of weight. BartĂłk
280:, and she made a number of arrangements of his mazurkas as songs, with his full agreement. He gave Viardot expert advice on these arrangements, as well as on her piano playing and her other vocal compositions. Chopin in turn derived from her some firsthand knowledge about 224:
of this connection would make sense. In all cases, since these writers were well-respected and carried weight in the scholarly community, people accepted their suggestions as truth, which allowed the myth to grow. However, in 1921,
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Chopin started composing his mazurkas in 1825, and continued composing them until 1849, the year of his death. The number of mazurkas composed in each year varies, but he was steadily writing them throughout this time period.
146: 2098: 116:(or "mazur" in Polish). However, while he used the traditional mazurka as his model, he was able to transform his mazurkas into an entirely new genre, one that became known as a "Chopin genre". 137: 2093: 1875:
Kallberg, Jeffrey (1988). “The problem of repetition and return in Chopin's mazurkas.” Chopin Styles, ed. Jim Samson. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press
145: 42:(with the remaining four works being two early mazurkas from 1826 and the famous "Notre Temps" and "Émile Gaillard" mazurkas that were published individually in 1841) 199:. In fact, Chopin used more classical techniques in his mazurkas than in any of his other genres. One of these techniques is four part harmony in the manner of a 1839: 292: 2119: 1919: 1743:
Kallberg, Jeffrey. "The Problem of Repeat and Repetition in Chopin's Mazurkas (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
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The serial numbering of the 58 published mazurkas normally goes only up to 51. The remaining 7 are referred to by their
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Kallberg, Jeffrey (1985). "Chopin's Last Style." Journal of the American Musicological Society 38.2: 264–315.
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11 further mazurkas are known whose manuscripts are either in private hands (2) or untraced (at least 9).
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Downes, Stephen (2009). "Mazurka." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. 17 November 2009.
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13 posthumously, of which 8 have posthumous opus numbers (specifically, Opp. 67 & 68)
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No. 3 from Four Mazurkas; in ABRSM Piano Exam Pieces Grade 6 (2015 & 2016 syllabus)
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Mentioned in 1878 correspondence between Breitkopf & Hartel and Izabela Barczinska
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Nos. 2 and 4 are revised versions; the original version of No. 4 was published in 1902
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Polish national music in urban areas and was inspired by that to compose his mazurkas.
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Winoker, Roselyn M. (1974) “Chopin and the Mazurka.” Diss. Sarah Lawrence College
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suggested that Chopin instead had been influenced by national, and not folk music.
192: 188: 153: 39: 1869:. Oxford Music Online. 17 November 2009 (esp. section 6, “Formative Influences”) 144: 277: 216: 62: 55: 1897: 165: 1863:
Michałowski, Kornel and Samson, Jim (2009). "Chopin, Fryderyk Franciszek."
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Milewski, Barbara (1999). "Chopin's Mazurkas and the Myth of the Folk."
1169:"Chopin's last composition"; first published in an incomplete form 1855 306:
arranged the Mazurka No. 45 in A-minor, opus 67, for violin and piano.
200: 113: 28: 1734:, edited by L. Macy (accessed October 31, 2006) (subscription access) 1728:
Michałowski, Kornel and Jim Samson. "Chopin, Fryderyk Franciszek".
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Heavily revised 1832 (see B. 71, KK IVb/2; rev. vers. pub. 1880)
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Chopin's composition of these mazurkas signaled new ideas of
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Barbara Milewski, "Chopin's Mazurkas and the Myth of Folk,"
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Revised versions (original versions were published in 1875)
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and harmony, along with using classical techniques, such as
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single measure or small group of measures, repetition of a
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Mentioned in a letter from Chopin dated 10 September 1832
291:, a friend of Chopin who collaborated with him to compose 1608:
Allegretto and Mazurka; MS sold Paris 21 November 1974
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Several arrangements were made for piano and cello by
138:FrĂ©dĂ©ric Chopin: Mazurka, Op. 17, No. 4, for piano 1837:Rachel Harris, The Music Salon of Pauline Viardot 23:wrote at least 59 compositions for piano called 16:Series of piano compositions by FrĂ©dĂ©ric Chopin 1801: 1799: 38:45 during Chopin's lifetime, of which 41 have 1913: 1761:(New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.) 8: 1261:A heavily revised version of B.31, KK IVa/7 1751: 1749: 276:was a close friend of Chopin and his lover 215:In 1852, three years after Chopin's death, 1920: 1906: 1898: 313: 1774:(Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985). 608:Princess Maria Czartoryska de WĂĽrttemberg 2009:Posthumous mazurkas without opus numbers 1514:Listed in an auction party, Paris, 1906 1782: 1780: 1721: 1456:Setting of a poem by Ignac Maciejowski 163: 1137:Quotes the folk tune "Oj, Magdalino" 7: 1426:Mentioned in literature; MS unknown 295:, and was also the dedicatee of his 2099:List of compositions by opus number 1578:Mentioned in a letter from Chopin 14: 1758:The Cambridge Companion to Chopin 790:In "Album de pianistes polonais" 108:Chopin based his mazurkas on the 474:M. Johns de la Nouvelle-OrlĂ©ans 240: 164:Problems playing this file? See 142: 76: 1548:MS sold in Paris, 20 June 1977 27:. Mazurka refers to one of the 1: 2094:List of compositions by genre 756:; in "Six Morceaux de salon" 110:traditional Polish folk dance 1678: 1648: 1612: 1582: 1552: 1518: 1489: 1460: 1430: 1400: 1370: 1332: 1301: 1265: 1234: 1203: 1173: 1141: 1109: 1078: 1045: 1014: 983: 951: 913: 870: 838: 794: 760: 726: 686: 654: 615: 569: 525: 481: 436: 386: 350: 2120:Mazurkas by FrĂ©dĂ©ric Chopin 2141: 1709:to C.A. 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Ia/1 1319: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1288: 1285: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 992: 989: 986: 982: 979: 976: 973: 971: 968: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 950: 947: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 928: 925: 916: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 891: 888: 873: 869: 866: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 847: 844: 841: 837: 834: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 815: 812: 797: 793: 789: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 763: 759: 755: 752: 750: 747: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 729: 725: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 709: 706: 703: 689: 685: 682: 676: 674: 671: 669: 666: 663: 660: 657: 653: 649: 646: 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 630: 627: 618: 614: 611: 609: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 590: 587: 572: 568: 565: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 546: 543: 528: 524: 521: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 502: 499: 484: 480: 476: 473: 470: 468: 465: 463: 460: 457: 454: 439: 435: 432: 429: 426: 424: 421: 419: 416: 413: 410: 389: 385: 381: 379: 376: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 353: 349: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 330: 327: 324: 321: 316: 315: 309: 307: 305: 300: 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 282:Spanish music 279: 275: 264: 255: 251: 248:This section 246: 243: 239: 238: 232: 230: 227: 221: 218: 213: 206: 204: 202: 198: 194: 190: 186: 178:Musical style 177: 175: 169: 167: 155: 139: 119: 117: 115: 111: 100: 91: 87: 84:This section 82: 79: 75: 74: 68: 66: 64: 59: 57: 49: 44: 41: 37: 36: 34: 33: 32: 30: 26: 22: 2090:}} 2086:{{ 2081:}} 2077:{{ 2074:}} 2070:{{ 2067:}} 2063:{{ 2060:}} 2056:{{ 2053:}} 2049:{{ 2046:}} 2042:{{ 2039:}} 2035:{{ 2032:}} 2028:{{ 2025:}} 2021:{{ 1928: 1882: 1864: 1832: 1823: 1814: 1806: 1790: 1771: 1766: 1756: 1739: 1729: 1724: 1702:Mme Nicolai 1601:KK VIIb/7-8 1344:1834 (July) 753: 704:1839 (July) 625:m, D, C, Bm 301: 297:Cello Sonata 286: 271: 261:January 2011 258: 254:adding to it 249: 233:Arrangements 222: 214: 210: 193:counterpoint 189:chromaticism 181: 172: 154:Giorgi Latso 120:Compositions 107: 97:January 2011 94: 90:adding to it 85: 60: 53: 40:opus numbers 24: 18: 2030:Concertante 1637:KK Anh. Ib 754:Notre temps 687:26, 28, 29 446:, Am, Fm, A 374:KK IIa/2-3 343:Dedication 337:KobylaĹ„ska 278:George Sand 226:BĂ©la BartĂłk 217:Franz Liszt 63:nationalism 2114:Categories 2058:Polonaises 974:C. 92, 94 340:Chominski 328:Published 207:Influences 166:media help 2051:Nocturnes 1644:Doubtful 1407:1826 (?) 1356:KK IVb/4 1308:1820 (?) 1289:KK IVb/1 1253:KK IVb/2 1222:KK IVa/7 1192:KK IVb/3 942:C. 89–91 905:C. 86–88 861:C. 83–85 842:B, C, Cm 829:C. 80–82 779:KK IIb/5 745:KK IIb/4 644:C. 72–75 604:C. 65–71 573:Cm, Bm, D 560:C. 64–67 516:C. 60–63 471:C. 55–59 427:C. 51–54 331:Opus No. 325:Composed 2072:Scherzos 2065:Preludes 2044:Mazurkas 2023:Ballades 1929:Mazurkas 1840:Archived 1697:KK Ve/6 1667:KK Ve/8 1619:♭ 1571:KK Vc/4 1541:KK Ve/4 1525:♭ 1507:KK Ve/7 1478:KK Vc/2 1419:KK Ve/5 1377:"early" 1339:♭ 1272:♭ 920:♯ 917:B, Fm, C 883:♯ 877:♭ 813:1841–42 807:♯ 801:♭ 699:♭ 693:♯ 668:Op. 41/2 628:1837–38 622:♯ 588:1836–37 582:♯ 576:♭ 544:1834–35 538:♭ 532:♭ 529:Gm, C, A 500:1832–33 494:♭ 488:♭ 455:1830–31 449:♭ 443:♭ 405:♭ 399:♯ 393:♯ 357:♭ 25:Mazurkas 2079:Waltzes 1853:Sources 1707:Augener 1159:B. 168 1032:B. 167 1001:B. 163 952:42, 44 937:B. 162 900:B. 157 856:B. 153 824:B. 145 776:B. 140 742:B. 134 715:B. 126 696:m, B, A 672:B. 122 639:B. 115 599:B. 105 491:, Em, A 402:m, E, E 319:number 317:Series 201:chorale 156:, piano 114:mazurka 69:Origins 2037:Études 1586:A, Dm 1389:KK Vf 1353:B. 85 1323:A 1/1 1292:P 2/1 1286:B. 73 1256:P 1/7 1250:B. 71 1225:P 1/7 1219:B. 31 1195:P 2/3 1189:B. 82 1164:C. 99 1132:C. 98 1127:B. 34 1101:C. 96 1096:B. 38 1070:C. 97 1065:B. 18 1037:C. 93 1006:C. 95 969:B. 93 933:Op. 63 914:39–41 896:Op. 59 871:36–38 852:Op. 56 839:33–35 820:Op. 50 795:30–32 782:S 2/5 748:S 2/4 677:C. 77 635:Op. 33 616:22–25 595:Op. 30 570:18–21 555:B. 89 551:Op. 24 526:14–17 511:B. 77 507:Op. 17 482:10–13 466:B. 61 422:B. 60 377:S 1/2 371:B. 16 346:Notes 334:Brown 197:fugues 1716:Notes 1530:1835 1467:1832 1347:1930 1317:B. 4 1280:1909 1244:1880 1241:1832 1213:1875 1210:1829 1183:1870 1180:1833 1151:1855 1119:1855 1116:1829 1088:1855 1085:1829 1055:1855 1052:1827 1024:1855 993:1855 990:1846 961:1855 958:1835 955:G, C 929:1847 892:1846 874:Am, A 848:1844 845:1843 816:1842 770:1841 767:1840 736:1841 707:1840 664:1840 631:1838 591:1837 547:1836 503:1834 497:, Am 462:Op. 7 458:1832 418:Op. 6 414:1832 411:1830 365:1826 362:1826 185:theme 798:G, A 452:, C 437:5–9 396:m, C 387:1–4 354:G, B 322:Key 195:and 1931:by 1145:Fm 1142:49 1110:48 1079:46 1049:Am 1046:47 1018:Gm 1015:43 987:Am 984:45 880:, F 804:, C 764:Am 761:51 730:Am 727:50 658:Em 655:27 579:, C 535:, B 256:. 92:. 56:key 2116:: 1798:^ 1789:. 1779:^ 1748:^ 1694:– 1691:– 1688:– 1685:? 1682:? 1679:– 1664:– 1661:– 1658:– 1655:? 1652:? 1649:– 1634:– 1631:– 1628:– 1625:? 1622:m 1613:– 1598:– 1595:– 1592:– 1589:? 1583:– 1568:– 1565:– 1562:– 1556:? 1553:– 1536:– 1533:– 1519:– 1502:– 1499:– 1493:? 1490:– 1473:– 1470:– 1464:? 1461:– 1449:– 1446:– 1443:– 1440:? 1434:G 1431:– 1416:– 1413:– 1410:– 1404:D 1401:– 1386:– 1383:– 1380:– 1374:? 1371:– 1350:– 1333:– 1314:– 1305:D 1302:– 1283:– 1266:– 1247:– 1238:D 1235:– 1216:– 1207:D 1204:– 1186:– 1177:C 1174:– 1113:F 1082:C 923:m 886:m 810:m 773:– 739:– 585:m 541:m 408:m 368:– 351:– 299:. 284:. 203:. 65:. 31:. 1921:e 1914:t 1907:v 1872:. 1616:B 1522:B 1336:A 1269:B 690:C 619:G 485:B 440:B 390:F 263:) 259:( 168:. 99:) 95:(

Index

Frédéric Chopin
traditional Polish dances
opus numbers
key
nationalism

adding to it
traditional Polish folk dance
mazurka
Frédéric Chopin: Mazurka, Op. 17, No. 4, for piano
Giorgi Latso
media help
theme
chromaticism
counterpoint
fugues
chorale
Franz Liszt
BĂ©la BartĂłk

adding to it
Pauline Viardot
George Sand
Spanish music
Auguste Franchomme
Grand Duo concertant
Cello Sonata
Fritz Kreisler
Op. 6
Op. 7

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