326:(Western Shona), has also been spoken in chief Muketi areas. The Pfumbi quickly assimilated into the Karanga and most of them crossed Mwenezi river and settled in the Maranda and Shayamavhudzi areas in southern Masvingo. It is thought that Pfumbi used to be more widespread than this in the past before the onset of Standard Shona as the compulsory vernacular language to be taught in schools. One name which retains a trace of that past up to now is Mupandashango school, which in the Standard Shona form of today would be Mupandasango. It is possible to meet people called Mashango (Masango) The use of words with velar fricatives, once represented by the letter "x", but now abandoned by orthography since the 1956 Samukange-led standardization of Shona, is another example that clearly and closely links the Karanga of Mberengwa with Kalanga with which it used to relate in places west of the current district as well as in the Gwanda West Nicholson area where the Jaunda version of Kalanga used to abound, and in Mwenezi. These are words like "xwera, xare, xwitaidza". Many areas of Zvishavane share a lot in common with the Karanga language spoken in Mberengwa. Generally, Standard Shona can be considered to be foreign to the Mberengwa area. Many Ndebele speakers were settled in the Mberengwa district throughout the 1900s, on their own accord or because of colonial government relocations meant to pave way for White farms and mines in their areas of original settlement such as the De Beers ranch and other places in the Somabula and Shangani areas. Because of these new arrivals, Ndebele words are used freely in Mberengwa's Karanga, which is a natural process of borrowing and adaptation among closely settled and interacting peoples. In Mashonaland where immigrant workers of Malawian origin were found in numbers, Zezuru (Central Shona) borrowed and adapted words like "tsano, kabanga, wondonga" etc. n.b. A lot of words were brought in from Karanga, Zezuru, Korekore, Ndau, Manyika and utilized there. Examples are "dhuku (doek), bhurukwa (broek), jon'hosi (from Afrikaans for )" and others. As in Kalanga, the use of "l" in words like "dla" or "tla" (to eat, to fear) is part of the Karanga language and not a borrowing from the Ndebele language, evidently such uses are also common in Masvingo where Ndebele influences are little.
319:. The other plausible theory about the meaning of Mberengwa is 'verengwa' which is an act of census believed to have been conducted by the Lemba people stationed at Mount Mberengwa after a terrible plague. Clans that had been counted and accounted for became Mberengwa. After the census various clans of the Lemba migrated to different parts of the district including Thohoyandou in Venda, South Africa. This name is still used as a clan name by the Hadji tribe of the Lemba (Mzezewas) still stationed near the mountain. The Hadji clan in South Africa also uses Mbelengwa (with an 'L'from their local Venda language) to describe themselves. Mount Mberengwa is one of the highest mountains in Zimbabwe, but not as high as the mountains in the Eastern Highlands. Pre-Independence in 1980, the mountain and district was also called Belingwe which was a colonial adulteration of Mberengwa.
369:. After 1980, the government constructed a number of rural day secondary schools also known as "Upper Tops" among them Guruva, Chovuragu, Bubwe, Zvamagwiro, Mabika, Maringambizi, Mbuya Nehanda, Bayayi, Murerezi, Chegute, Svita, Chizungu, Madenyika, Sviba, Makuva, Funye, Vuronga, Mposi, Ruzengwe, Chingoma, Vutsanana, Zvomukonde, Chemimwe, Vutika, Rengwe and Chomusenda. They have helped improve the education standards as well as creating education opportunities for many rural children. There are missionary-run hospitals and clinics. Most of the schools and hospitals are run by the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Zimbabwe. Non-governmental organizations like
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345:, while Vanguard Mine was once a major player in asbestos production until the 1980s when its use declined as asbestos was convincingly identified as a lung and cancer hazard. Chrome was mined at Rhonda and Inyala mines, but these closed down due to the disastrous effects of the Zimbabwean crisis and Zimbabwe's liberation struggle. Cattle ranching is a major farming activity.
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Apart from soccer, gollball is also a popular sport for visually impaired school children. Over the years basketball has gained momentum especially amongst high schools. Mission schools under the
Evangelical Lutheran Church compete in the E L C Z sports tournament which are held yearly. They are
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Mataga growth point, is the centre which provides goods and services to the rural population of mberengwa. Mataga growth point is where the creation of balanced socio-economic developments of Mataga occurs. Most micro-level planning for
Mberengwa occurs here.
247:. The district is now divided into sub-districts: Mberengwa North, East, West and South. It is bounded by Gwanda in Mberengwa west, and by Zvishavane in its northern zone, to the south it stretches to Neshuro, Chikombedzi and bounded by Manyuchi dam.
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The other tribe that forms the great party of
Mberengwa is the Shoko clan. It has four families that share the mapiravana chieftainship namely Wadawareva, manonose, Sukira and Makonese. The current chief is called Rungano.
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is the local authority over
Mberengwa District. The district comprises 4 parliamentary constituencies with a total of 37 councillors overseeing the same number of wards. the wards are distributed as follows;
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The district is prone to droughts and high temperatures, but abundant in minerals like gold, iron ore, emeralds and asbestos. Buchwa Mine, Vanguard Mine, Sandawana and C Mine are all in
Mberengwa.
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rotated amongst the schools. Sporting activities such as soccer, netball, basketball, volleyball, etc. are competed. One year focuses on track events then the next year focuses on field events.
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It is known for its riches in minerals and fauna. Gold is mined at C Mine and other small claims mines scattered around
Mberengwa. Emeralds are mined at the
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Primary and secondary schools in
Mberengwa compete yearly in football tournaments. There is a trophy won, originally funded by the
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The indigenous languages spoken in
Mberengwa are mainly Karanga and Ndebele. Pfumbi, a variation of Karanga which is also close to
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Musicians playing
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118:Administrative district in Midlands, Zimbabwe
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311:The name "Mberengwa" itself comes from the
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1043:Districts of Midlands Province
146:Mberengwa District in Midlands
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448:"The History of Mesothelioma"
297:Mberengwa-South Constituency
286:Mberengwa-North Constituency
275:Mberengwa-West Constituency
264:Mberengwa-East Constituency
220:Agincourt Mine in Mberengwa
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532:Subdivisions of Zimbabwe
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896:Uzumba–Maramba–Pfungwe
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563:Mashonaland Central
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588:Matabeleland South
583:Matabeleland North
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190: • Total
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96:February 2008
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29:This article
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806:Mount Darwin
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456:. Retrieved
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38:Please help
33:verification
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962:Chitungwiza
691:Gokwe South
686:Gokwe North
676:Chirumhanzu
661:Chimanimani
490: /
266:has 7 wards
1032:Categories
1002:Beitbridge
916:Zvishavane
891:Umzingwane
881:Tsholotsho
836:Muzarabani
611:Beitbridge
558:Manicaland
458:2024-05-21
433:2024-02-17
405:References
334:Operations
307:Background
185:Population
66:newspapers
997:Marondera
791:Mberengwa
771:Marondera
696:Goromonzi
603:Districts
540:Provinces
353:Education
233:Mberengwa
199:Time zone
992:Chinhoyi
987:Masvingo
957:Bulawayo
876:Shurugwi
856:Rushinga
776:Masvingo
671:Chiredzi
666:Chipinge
656:Chikomba
646:Bulilima
641:Bulawayo
593:Midlands
578:Masvingo
548:Bulawayo
452:Archived
427:Archived
393:See also
245:Zimbabwe
241:Midlands
237:Belingwe
166:Midlands
161:Province
155:Zimbabwe
861:Sanyati
841:Mwenezi
816:Murehwa
756:Makonde
651:Chegutu
621:Bindura
478:29°55′E
475:20°29′S
359:Chegato
324:Kalanga
313:Karanga
193:208,458
152:Country
80:scholar
1012:Kariba
1007:Rusape
982:Kadoma
977:Kwekwe
967:Mutare
952:Harare
911:Zvimba
886:Umguza
871:Shamva
851:Nyanga
831:Mutoko
826:Mutasa
821:Mutare
786:Mazowe
781:Matobo
766:Mangwe
761:Makoni
751:Lupane
746:Kwekwe
736:Kariba
731:Insiza
726:Hwange
721:Harare
711:Gwanda
701:Guruve
636:Buhera
616:Bikita
553:Harare
377:Sports
363:Musume
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972:Gweru
926:Wards
901:Wedza
846:Nkayi
811:Mudzi
796:Mbire
741:Karoi
716:Gweru
681:Chivi
626:Binga
367:Mnene
204:UTC+2
87:JSTOR
73:books
906:Zaka
866:Seke
706:Gutu
631:Bubi
371:CARE
361:and
172:Area
59:news
208:CAT
42:by
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