290:
342:
129:
201:
427:
and expressive, with a tapering neck and strong topline, withers pronounced and well-laid back, the back strong but flexible, and the croup long, sloping and muscular. The chest and shoulder should have depth and length, respectively. The foundation should be dry on prominent, correct joints and well-shaped hooves.
333:
herd was sold, and
Redefin lost the title of "Principal" state stud in 1993, following German reunification. Today Redefin is composed of 8 covering stations and stands 64 stallions, not all of which are warmbloods. Behind the grand entryway of Redefin now stands an international-caliber riding facility.
332:
Redefin continued to function as the region's state stud farm, with a herd of mares and over 100 warmblood stallions. The market began to turn towards the production of riding horses in the 1960s. This target was standardized in 1971 and by 1987, 100 state-owned stallions served the region. The mare
426:
The breeding goal is a hardy, fertile horse with mental and physical stamina, a good character and lively, balanced temperament. Horses may be suited to any type of riding or driving sport due to expansive, regular paces, a flat-footed walk and vibrant trot and canter. The best heads are fine, dry,
183:
travel in the 16th century, the invention of the steam engine, and mechanization. Pulling stage coaches did not necessitate beauty, but endurance, efficiency and soundness. Large-scale train transport in
Germany took hold late in the 19th century and significantly reduced the need for stage horses.
313:
and as remounts. In response, the horses were bred to be heavier and calmer. By 1920, Redefin's roster of 176 state-owned sires served over 10,000 mares at over 30 covering stations. But as the demand for horses faded, so too did their numbers: in 1930, only half that number remained. The stock of
175:
and mechanization, the ideal cavalry horse was athletic, agile and highly obedient. Cavalry horses were typically bred for the nobility, but horses belonging to other residents were trained as "remounts." Following mechanization, the role of the cavalry horse in Europe was diminished to ceremonial
304:
Mecklenburgers at the turn of the 20th century were bred much the same as their
Hanoverian counterparts: stylish carriage and saddle horses, still suitable for plowing. As the locomotive replaced the stage coach for long-distance travel, less efficiency of movement was required of driving horses,
187:
The agricultural niche filled by the horse was also affected by technological achievements. While plows became increasingly lighter and more efficient over time, the primary factor in determining the qualities of a region's plow horse was the soil. Throughout the ages, the demand for agricultural
208:
During the 18th century when many of
Germany's noble houses were establishing expansive stud farms to supply their courts with horses suitable for riding, driving, and cavalry purposes, horse-breeding in Mecklenburg was chiefly motivated by large, private stud farms. Residents had some access to
328:
produced a second upsurge in breeding of heavy horses suitable for pulling artillery wagons, so that in 1945, there were 151 Mecklenburg stallions at 44 covering stations. After the end of the war, during
Russian occupation of the region, most of the Mecklenburger stallions were sent east.
276:
By 1847, less than a fifth of the
Redefin stallions were without at least one Thoroughbred grandparent, a trait that began to affect the soundness and longevity of their offspring. In an effort to correct this, draft horse stallions were put to use, but the result was merely a loss of the
27:
152:, so the histories of Schwerin, Strelitz and the other Mecklenburg duchies are intertwined. The history of warmblood horse breeding - that is, a horse that was neither draft horse nor Arabian nor Thoroughbred - in Mecklenburg is similar to that in the rest of Germany.
430:
With international jumpers like Antik (Azarro), Chacco-Blue (Chambertin), Luisa and Lady Like (Lord Kemm), Royal Beach Farao and Galan (Golden Miller), this small studbook is producing international competitors as well as leisure riding horses and driving horses.
251:. The breeding efforts of these two facilities were combined in 1819 by Joachim von Bülow, Senior State Equerry. In addition to the noble warmblood horses for which Mecklenburg was known, Joachim von Bülow populated the stud farms and their outposts with elegant
224:. Indeed, the versatile horses bred in the region were of distinctive eastern ("oriental") type and were well known as coach, saddle, and utility horses. In horse breeding, the term "oriental" suggests the influence of horses from the Middle East, including
360:
The modern
Mecklenburg warmblood is best identified by the presence of the region's brand on the left hip, which is in the form of the letter "M" topped with a stylized crown. Coat color and pattern are not part of the standard, but most Mecklenburgers are
281:, suitable horses were purchased from Hannover. As a result of the regular exchange of breeding stock, Mecklenburgers and Hanoverians remained similar to one another, and distinctly different from the heavier Oldenburgers and Holsteiners.
159:
were all-purpose utility horses. Individual sires, families or breeders might specialize, but the most economically efficient horse was one that had many uses. Primarily, these uses were cavalry, transport, and agriculture.
188:
horses was also affected by the local populations, fluctuations in which altered the demand for food. Periods of high growth meant higher food demands, and more demand for plow horses. Yet again, mechanization following
184:
More elegant carriage horses with high-stepping gaits became more popular for short-distance traveling, as did saddle horses. Once again, mechanization all but negated the horse's role in transport.
683:
924:
247:
The Royal
Principal Stud, which kept a herd of mares in addition to standing stallions, was founded in 1810 and was followed in 1812 by the State Stud of
491:
556:
255:
stallions. While the unusual affinity for part-Thoroughbred horses did not always suit the needs of farmers in the region, Redefin supplied the
449:
676:
171:
after the 16th century, the popularization of firearms in the late 19th century, and mechanization in the early 20th century. Between the
707:
Many have complex or obscure histories, so inclusion here does not necessarily imply that a breed is predominantly or exclusively German.
241:
319:
315:
277:
identifiable type. To regain the utilitarian warmblood type, which differed from the older coach horse type due to the advent of the
669:
817:
721:
350:
289:
145:
141:
590:
341:
692:
179:
What was required of horses as part of transport was affected by similar advances: the advent of long-distance public
842:
827:
259:
with stock year after year, including stallions like
Jellachich and Norfolk that would become founders of the
263:. Less than fifteen years after being founded, Redefin was composed of over 134 stallions at 26 outposts. In
82:
862:
847:
137:
74:
499:
919:
867:
777:
564:
100:. They are bred to the same standards as the other German Warmbloods, and are especially suitable for
899:
726:
400:
265:
149:
752:
929:
852:
797:
757:
453:
787:
762:
736:
731:
404:
260:
97:
792:
96:
blood, today's
Mecklenburger is an athletic riding and driving horse similar to the neighboring
314:
Redefin were influenced by a merger with Neustrelitz State Stud, reflecting the unification of
877:
832:
802:
213:
882:
767:
381:
278:
256:
109:
644:
619:
232:. Another characteristic of Mecklenburg breeding is the early involvement with the English
420:
412:
369:
310:
221:
89:
26:
887:
822:
716:
395:
Mecklenburgers, as warmbloods, are middle-weight, athletic animals rather heavier than
362:
229:
913:
741:
373:
270:
225:
531:
416:
396:
377:
325:
252:
233:
189:
156:
105:
93:
392:. Breeding stock that deviate to the extreme may be excluded from the stud book.
209:
stallions owned by their rulers, but a state breeding program did not yet exist.
812:
746:
702:
385:
365:
306:
237:
172:
128:
117:
200:
782:
772:
180:
872:
598:
217:
70:
212:
Breeding efforts of renown were, however, taking place under the Counts of
661:
148:. However, the region was united by virtue of being under the rule of the
837:
113:
101:
357:
The Mecklenburger has been bred as a riding and sport horse since 1970.
389:
248:
236:
racehorse. The first-ever race track in Germany was created in 1822 at
164:
78:
40:
407:
breeders. The modern Mecklenburger can be called a "noble" warmblood (
857:
168:
384:, the ideal height for Mecklenburgers is between 15.3 and 17
340:
288:
199:
127:
52:
403:
in 1990, breeders have pursued standards similar to those of the
665:
167:
horse were affected by three major changes: the decline of the
132:
The facade at the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern State Stud of Redefin
81:. The breeding of these horses has been closely linked to the
647:. Horse Breeders' Society of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e.V
626:. Horse Breeders' Society of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern e.V
388:(63 and 68 inches, 160 and 173 cm) at the
705:
considered to be wholly or partly of German origin.
36:
492:"The Mecklenburg-Vorpommern State Stud of Redefin"
273:is given a "vigorous Mecklenburg horse" to ride.
296:, a chestnut Mecklenburger mare performing the
677:
8:
140:was, until 1934, composed of the duchies of
19:
585:
583:
581:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
472:
470:
684:
670:
662:
591:"Horse breeding in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern"
25:
18:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
300:at the 1963 German Dressage Championships
597:. Gestuet Nordvorpommern. Archived from
440:
31:A modern but substantial Mecklenburger
557:"The Lower Saxon State Stud of Celle"
423:blood and specialization for riding.
240:, the summer retreat of the court of
204:An 1898 lithograph of a Mecklenburger
7:
450:"A brief history of German railways"
309:, however, horses were used to pull
925:Horse breeds originating in Germany
305:resulting in higher action. During
196:Early horse breeding in Mecklenburg
285:Mecklenburgers in the 20th century
14:
192:ousted the horse from this role.
624:Specific Provisions of the Board
538:(in German). Landgestuet Redefin
411:), distinguished from the older
452:. WorldRailFans. Archived from
1:
645:"Stallion Distribution Plan"
843:Sachsen-Anhaltiner Warmblut
620:"No. 02-10/05 Awards order"
353:5*-show jumping competition
108:, though they are used for
88:Historically influenced by
946:
448:John Oxlade (2003-12-31).
136:The region today known as
896:
712:
699:
46:
24:
828:Rhenish German Coldblood
563:. Eylers. Archived from
498:. Eylers. Archived from
269:, written in the 1840s,
155:Mecklenburgers prior to
77:region of north-eastern
693:Horse breeds of Germany
345:Mecklenburger stallion
163:The requirements for a
863:South German Coldblood
561:State Studs of Germany
496:State Studs of Germany
354:
301:
205:
138:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
133:
75:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
344:
292:
203:
131:
120:competition as well.
83:State Stud of Redefin
900:List of horse breeds
848:Sächsisches Warmblut
727:Arenberg-Nordkirchen
595:Mecklenburger Horses
415:by the influence of
401:German reunification
349:at an international
337:Modern Mecklenburger
320:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
316:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
266:The Three Musketeers
150:House of Mecklenburg
146:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
142:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
53:Equus ferus caballus
853:Schleswig Coldblood
758:German Classic Pony
257:State Stud of Celle
21:
868:Thüringer Warmblut
763:German Riding Pony
737:Black Forest Horse
732:Bavarian Warmblood
355:
302:
206:
134:
73:horse bred in the
907:
906:
833:Rhenish Warmblood
778:Hessian Warmblood
382:German Warmbloods
216:by the houses of
63:
62:
37:Country of origin
937:
686:
679:
672:
663:
656:
655:
653:
652:
641:
635:
634:
632:
631:
616:
610:
609:
607:
606:
587:
576:
575:
573:
572:
553:
547:
546:
544:
543:
528:
511:
510:
508:
507:
488:
465:
464:
462:
461:
445:
413:Heavy warmbloods
311:artillery wagons
279:steam locomotive
110:combined driving
55:
29:
22:
945:
944:
940:
939:
938:
936:
935:
934:
910:
909:
908:
903:
892:
722:Alt-Oldenburger
708:
706:
695:
690:
660:
659:
650:
648:
643:
642:
638:
629:
627:
618:
617:
613:
604:
602:
589:
588:
579:
570:
568:
555:
554:
550:
541:
539:
536:Das Landgestuet
530:
529:
514:
505:
503:
490:
489:
468:
459:
457:
447:
446:
442:
437:
363:modestly marked
339:
287:
230:Turkoman horses
198:
126:
59:
51:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
943:
941:
933:
932:
927:
922:
912:
911:
905:
904:
897:
894:
893:
891:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
823:Pfalz-Ardenner
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
753:Emscherbrücher
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
717:Aegidienberger
713:
710:
709:
701:These are the
700:
697:
696:
691:
689:
688:
681:
674:
666:
658:
657:
636:
611:
577:
548:
512:
466:
439:
438:
436:
433:
409:edles warmblut
338:
335:
286:
283:
226:Arabian horses
197:
194:
125:
122:
61:
60:
58:
57:
47:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
30:
16:Breed of horse
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
942:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
902:
901:
895:
889:
886:
884:
883:Württemberger
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
808:Mecklenburger
806:
804:
801:
799:
798:Leutstettener
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
750:
748:
745:
743:
742:Brandenburger
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
711:
704:
698:
694:
687:
682:
680:
675:
673:
668:
667:
664:
646:
640:
637:
625:
621:
615:
612:
601:on 2010-01-08
600:
596:
592:
586:
584:
582:
578:
567:on 2007-10-15
566:
562:
558:
552:
549:
537:
533:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
513:
502:on 2008-09-27
501:
497:
493:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
467:
456:on 2008-06-11
455:
451:
444:
441:
434:
432:
428:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:Thoroughbreds
393:
391:
387:
383:
380:. Like other
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
358:
352:
348:
343:
336:
334:
330:
327:
323:
321:
317:
312:
308:
299:
295:
291:
284:
282:
280:
274:
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
245:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
202:
195:
193:
191:
185:
182:
177:
174:
170:
166:
161:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
139:
130:
123:
121:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:Mecklenburger
56:
54:
49:
48:
45:
42:
39:
35:
28:
23:
20:Mecklenburger
920:Horse breeds
898:
807:
788:Lehmkuhlener
703:horse breeds
649:. Retrieved
639:
628:. Retrieved
623:
614:
603:. Retrieved
599:the original
594:
569:. Retrieved
565:the original
560:
551:
540:. Retrieved
535:
504:. Retrieved
500:the original
495:
458:. Retrieved
454:the original
443:
429:
425:
417:Thoroughbred
408:
394:
359:
356:
346:
331:
326:World War II
324:
303:
297:
293:
275:
264:
253:Thoroughbred
246:
234:Thoroughbred
211:
207:
190:World War II
186:
178:
162:
157:World War II
154:
135:
106:show jumping
94:Thoroughbred
87:
66:
64:
50:
888:Zweibrücker
878:Westphalian
813:Oldenburger
347:Chacco-Blue
307:World War I
238:Bad Doberan
173:Middle Ages
118:show hunter
930:Warmbloods
914:Categories
818:Ostfriesen
793:Leonharder
783:Holsteiner
773:Heck horse
768:Hanoverian
651:2008-06-28
630:2008-06-28
605:2008-06-28
571:2008-06-29
542:2008-06-29
532:"Historie"
506:2008-06-29
460:2008-06-29
435:References
405:Hanoverian
271:d'Artagnan
261:Hanoverian
181:stagecoach
98:Hanoverian
873:Trakehner
370:chestnuts
218:Bassewitz
71:warmblood
838:Rottaler
803:Lewitzer
747:Dülmener
399:. Since
242:Schwerin
114:eventing
102:dressage
421:Arabian
390:withers
249:Redefin
214:Plessen
165:cavalry
124:History
90:Arabian
79:Germany
41:Germany
858:Senner
374:blacks
298:piaffe
169:Knight
386:hands
378:grays
376:, or
294:Helga
176:use.
69:is a
419:and
366:bays
318:and
228:and
222:Hahn
220:and
144:and
116:and
104:and
92:and
65:The
351:CSI
916::
622:.
593:.
580:^
559:.
534:.
515:^
494:.
469:^
372:,
368:,
322:.
244:.
112:,
85:.
751:†
685:e
678:t
671:v
654:.
633:.
608:.
574:.
545:.
509:.
463:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
