334:
168:
446:
695:
244:
66:
25:
517:– obtained by cooking, defatting, sterilizing, grinding, and sifting by-products of terrestrial animals. This denomination includes both meat and bone meal (MBM) and meat meal in the strict sense, less rich in minerals than MBM; it is often referred to as "processed animal protein".
353:
protein (with specific exceptions) since
November 1994 and to feed any farmed livestock, including fish and horses, with mammalian meat and bone meal (mammalian MBM) since 4 April 1996. Regulation (EC) No.999/2001 introduced EU-wide regulations, which relaxed UK controls.
436:– from animals considered healthy and without specific risks, that is to say the carcasses have been declared fit for human consumption after health inspection. Only products in this category are allowed for the production of flours for animal feed (including pets).
430:– associated with health risks other than prions or banned chemicals. Also includes foodstuffs seized for sanitary reasons and corpses of animals who died by other means than by being slaughtered, as well as products contaminated with residues of veterinary drugs.
865:
Sénat, Projet de loi relatif à la collecte et à l'élimination des cadavres d'animaux et des déchets d'abattoirs et modifiant le code rural ; Travaux parlementaires > Rapports > Rapports législatifs, consulté
503:
in that it supplies calcium and phosphorus, but the meat component also provides a significant amount of nitrogen. For growing human food, the material must meet sanitary requirements to avoid spreading diseases or
461:
for ruminant DNA. The presence of MBM and fish products in feed can be tested by light microscopy in two days. The presence of ruminant DNA in feed by real-time PCR can be detected by this lab in 48 to 72 hours.
663:"Regulation (EC) No 999/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 laying down rules for the prevention, control and eradication of certain transmissible spongiform encephalopathies"
558:(around 55,700 tons per year in France) are used for example in agricultural or garden fertilizers for their sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, or used in the composition of meat meal.
743:
SIFCO (Syndicat des
Industries Françaises des Coproduits animaux ; Syndicat interprofessionnel regroupant les transformateurs de coproduits animaux en protéines et graisses animales),
489:
of coal; the UK in particular widely uses meat and bone meal for the generation of renewable electricity. This was particularly prominent after many cattle were slaughtered during the
397:, authorized or not for various uses, are categorized into three categories (by the European Regulation 2002) according to their supposed or demonstrated level of
178:
453:
A minimum of 500g is required to test samples of solid or liquid material at the Irish Equine Centre, an independent not-for-profit organisation. Tests are by
699:
361:
was still calling for "a legally-binding Europe-wide ban on the feeding of animal waste to farm animals". They opined that the practice was tantamount to
566:– fresh and whole blood collected from slaughterhouses, coagulated and steam dried now often referred to as "animal protein transformed from blood".
389:
In Europe (before the 2002 EU Regulation), animal by-products were classified into two categories: "high risk" or "low risk" products. Since 2002, "
313:, some MBM is used as ingredients in pet food, but the majority is now used as a fossil-fuel replacement for energy generation, as a fuel in
458:
83:
38:
421:
230:
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525:– produced from bones (of terrestrial animals) of second quality. The other bones can be used beforehand for the manufacture of
102:
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109:
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259:
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Les farines de viandes osseuses (FVO) et les concentrés protéiques carnés (CPC) , École nationale vétérinaire de Lyon
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powder; the meal is produced by heating, defatting, drying, grinding and sieving the bones of terrestrial animals.
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775:"Meat and bone meal as a renewable energy source in cement kilns: investigation of optimum feeding rate"
914:
Hendriks, W. H.; C. A. Butts; D. V. Thomas; K. A. C. James; P. C. A. Morel; M. W. A. Verstegen (2002).
996:
729:) ; famille de maladies neurodégénératives des animaux incluant notamment l'ESB et la tremblante
349:
protein being fed to ruminants. In addition, it has been illegal to feed ruminants with all forms of
286:
profile of the feed. Feeding of MBM to cattle is thought to have been responsible for the spread of
530:
876:
Adedokun, S. A.; Adeola, L. (2005). "Metabolizable energy value of meat and bone meal for pigs".
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123:
290:(mad cow disease); therefore, in most parts of the world, MBM is no longer allowed in feed for
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956:"Rendering practices and inactivation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agents"
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378:
322:
825:"NJF Seminar 422: Meat bone meal as nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer (abstract)"
416:. This category also contains products contaminated by certain banned substances (
243:
576:(chemical decomposition in the presence of pressurized water), dried and crushed.
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This article contains quotations from this source, which is available under the
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485:. Combustion destroys pathogens and pollutants. MBM has around two thirds the
358:
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Besides use as animal feed, MBM also finds use in various areas of industry.
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Information on the use of meat and bone meal for renewable power generation.
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MBM is widely used in the United States as a low-cost animal protein in
941:
Pearl, G. G. (2004). "Meat and bone meal usage in modern swine diets".
907:
Blood meal, meat and bone meal and tallow. In
Inedible meat by-products
773:
Ariyaratne, W.K.H.; Melaaen, M.C.; Eine, K.; Tokheim, L.A. (May 2011).
526:
417:
263:
408:– those that pose a prion infection risk to humans, including "SRM" ("
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Encéphalopathies spongiformes transmissibles (parfois dénommées
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59:
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689:"Diseases - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Feed Controls"
572:– fresh feathers from slaughterhouses, treated by thermal
345:, the original feed ban was introduced in 1988 to prevent
916:"Nutritional quality and variation of meat and bone meal"
412:") and animals suspected or declared to be infected with
341:
In the UK, after the 1987 discovery that BSE could cause
186:
449:
Several manufactured pelleted feed rations for horses
337:
Manufactured pelleted feed ration for sheep and goats
909:. Essex, England: Elsevier Science. pp. 81–112.
614:"Dog Foods | Dry, Wet Dog Food and Dog Treats"
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
499:– MBM is used as a fertilizer. It is similar to
832:Nordic Association of Agricultural Scientists
278:. It is primarily used in the formulation of
175:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
768:
766:
369:at the time there was no ban on the use in
294:animals. However, it is still used to feed
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
779:Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal
971:
931:
823:Chen, L.; J. Helenius; A. Kangus (2009).
786:
477:– MBM is considered a renewable and even
231:Learn how and when to remove this message
213:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
954:Taylor, D. M.; Woodgate, S. L. (2003).
636:"Bonemeal to be used again in pet food"
605:
481:source of fuel in power generation and
262:industry. It is typically about 48–52%
800:
798:
806:"The many uses of meat and bone meal"
7:
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420:) or dangerous for the environment (
88:adding citations to reliable sources
713:"'Two CJD victims in same street'"
634:MacConnell, Sean (18 March 2005).
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422:dioxins and dioxin-like compounds
34:This article has multiple issues.
16:Product of the rendering industry
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810:Alfred H Knight Energy Services
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
357:In 2000, UK supermarket chain
1:
757:"Meat and Bone Meal Analysis"
715:. bbc.co.uk. 31 October 2000.
700:Open Government Licence v1.0
189:, discuss the issue on the
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529:and/or treated to produce
391:processed animal protein
410:specified risk material
973:10.20506/rst.22.1.1400
933:10.5713/ajas.2002.1507
920:Asian Austral. J. Anim
890:10.2527/2005.83112519x
759:. Irish Equine Centre.
594:Glanford Power Station
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258:) is a product of the
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1023:Proteins as nutrients
905:Fernando, T. (1992).
669:(Document 32001R0999)
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788:10.24084/repqj09.609
702:. © Crown copyright.
428:Category 2 materials
377:, poultry offal and
195:create a new article
187:improve this article
177:may not represent a
99:"Meat and bone meal"
84:improve this article
531:dicalcium phosphate
434:Category 3 material
406:Category 1 material
385:European categories
365:. According to the
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395:animal by-products
393:" (PAP) and other
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252:Meat and bone meal
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247:Meat and bone meal
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570:Feather meal
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483:cement kilns
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323:incineration
315:cement kilns
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82:Please help
77:verification
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36:Please help
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842:23 November
641:Irish Times
399:health risk
363:cannibalism
319:landfilling
296:monogastric
280:animal feed
274:, and 4–7%
1007:Categories
866:2013-09-09
620:2020-01-17
616:. Pedigree
600:References
574:hydrolysis
563:Blood meal
541:Meal from
497:Fertilizer
491:BSE crisis
487:heat value
457:and using
359:Co-op Food
284:amino acid
110:newspapers
39:improve it
997:PDM Group
522:Bone meal
515:Meat meal
501:bone meal
441:Detection
351:mammalian
298:animals.
266:, 33–35%
260:rendering
191:talk page
140:July 2020
45:talk page
982:12793787
898:16230648
745:Lexique
588:See also
581:Fishmeal
418:hormones
347:ruminant
307:cat food
303:dog food
292:ruminant
270:, 8–12%
185:You may
838:(2): 26
673:25 July
647:23 July
527:gelatin
329:History
264:protein
124:scholar
1018:Fodder
980:
943:Render
896:
552:hooves
535:ossein
414:prions
375:tallow
311:Europe
126:
119:
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105:
97:
828:(PDF)
556:nails
548:horns
309:. In
276:water
193:, or
131:JSTOR
117:books
978:PMID
894:PMID
844:2012
675:2019
649:2020
554:and
475:Fuel
466:Uses
343:vCJD
305:and
103:news
968:doi
928:doi
886:doi
783:doi
533:or
367:BBC
321:or
288:BSE
272:fat
268:ash
256:MBM
86:by
1009::
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924:15
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