2127:
3967:
1273:
128:
1267:
1261:
3973:
3961:
2122:
450:
had three toes on each limb, with the axis on the third toe, while the second and fourth toe were smaller and located in each side of the leg, without touching the ground. Weight estimates based on the comparison of its limbs with those of extant mammals suggest a weight between 30 and 200 kg,
540:
Alfredo A. Carlini, Javier N. Gelfo & Rodolfo Sánchez. A new
Megadolodinae (Mammalia, Litopterna, Protherotheriidae) from the Urumaco Formation (Late Miocene) of Venezuela.
346:", a characteristic genus from this family. This classification supported the theory that the South American tropical zone acted as a refuge for primitive species during the
316:, consisting in a left mandible preserving the fourth premolar, the first molar and roots from the second molar, and discovered during an expedition organized by the
4037:
451:
probably more precisely between 65 and 80 kg. The fact that its body was not as slender than other proterotheriids, along with its canines and its
4096:
4024:
572:
4116:
395:
was a member of the
Proterotheriidae, a family of small and medium-sized litopterns who produced in a few derived genera forms loosely evoking
4121:
2126:
531:. Edited by Richard F. Kay, Richard H. Madden, Richard L. Cifelli, and John J. Flynn. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington and London.
380:, confirmed that they belonged to a lineage of specialized litopterns from northern South America, classified in its own subfamily, the
3966:
582:
365:, pelvis and ribs, permitting a better understanding of the general anatomy of the animal, and allowing to compare it with
4111:
1272:
565:
127:
4101:
1266:
4091:
480:
415:, the only known species from its genus, was itself characterized by its shorter and stronger limbs, its large
369:, resulting in its reclassification as an unusual Proterotheriidae. The discovery of a similar proterotheriid,
317:
3238:
3322:
1260:
1189:
558:
3992:
3960:
358:
3972:
3845:
4063:
3632:
294:
236:
2121:
1992:
3761:
3740:
3667:
3549:
3080:
2898:
2808:
2008:
809:
503:
Malcolm C. McKenna. Survival of primitive notoungulates and condylarths into the
Miocene of Colombia.
3266:
3245:
3003:
2947:
2765:
2575:
2398:
1663:
774:
3688:
3280:
3115:
2477:
2059:
1512:
964:
3646:
3435:
3400:
3222:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3073:
3031:
2968:
2891:
2744:
2674:
2435:
2428:
2317:
2310:
1789:
1768:
1672:
1419:
1348:
381:
298:
3754:
3542:
3484:
3377:
3308:
3273:
3017:
2751:
2303:
2296:
2215:
2029:
1775:
1686:
1621:
1607:
1305:
655:
3733:
3428:
3129:
2989:
2982:
2954:
2919:
2905:
2758:
2730:
2652:
2456:
2442:
2421:
2338:
2015:
1754:
1635:
1212:
825:
694:
679:
428:
122:
4068:
3010:
2884:
2794:
2716:
1980:
1412:
1094:
767:
745:
731:
701:
2975:
2926:
2222:
2045:
1863:
687:
665:
4106:
4050:
4042:
3831:
3681:
3674:
3301:
3192:
2772:
2603:
2377:
2368:
2236:
2099:
1614:
1565:
1533:
1233:
1175:
1136:
1122:
1037:
4055:
3370:
3838:
3817:
3717:
3505:
3421:
3287:
2787:
2266:
1898:
1884:
1819:
1719:
1547:
1498:
1203:
1166:
1074:
1053:
1023:
918:
818:
550:
432:
321:
278:
195:
328:, who described them in his 1956 article, to believe they originated from a late surviving
3801:
3789:
3625:
3391:
3336:
3259:
3201:
2861:
2391:
1926:
1849:
1693:
1526:
1468:
1440:
1403:
1376:
325:
255:
309:, between 13.5 and 11.8 millions of years ago. The genus was described in 1956 after the
3695:
3533:
3519:
3512:
3498:
3208:
2961:
2912:
2801:
2737:
2702:
2666:
2596:
2484:
2384:
2287:
2259:
2245:
2181:
2157:
2001:
1933:
1919:
1905:
1761:
1733:
1700:
1628:
1591:
1578:
1226:
1219:
1182:
1145:
1101:
1060:
985:
971:
927:
760:
738:
715:
612:
329:
4085:
3882:
3866:
3824:
3810:
3639:
3616:
3581:
3563:
3463:
3456:
3315:
3178:
3059:
3052:
2933:
2695:
2625:
2568:
2498:
2202:
1912:
1891:
1835:
1519:
1010:
948:
832:
635:
529:
In
Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia
439:
74:
3926:
3910:
3889:
3852:
3726:
3653:
3602:
3556:
3477:
3449:
3414:
3349:
3045:
2875:
2847:
2838:
2826:
2681:
2659:
2639:
2618:
2582:
2561:
2540:
2533:
2524:
2512:
2470:
2252:
2144:
1954:
1842:
1642:
1540:
1505:
1491:
1484:
1447:
1433:
1426:
1152:
957:
420:
407:
463:, living in forested environments such as La Venta, and eating roots and fruits.
3933:
3919:
3896:
3660:
3491:
3470:
3407:
3038:
3024:
2996:
2780:
2463:
2412:
2324:
2273:
2188:
2174:
2068:
2038:
1947:
1940:
1877:
1828:
1747:
1600:
1389:
1362:
1340:
1333:
1317:
1087:
992:
858:
846:
627:
401:
49:
4015:
3875:
3768:
3171:
3162:
2723:
2709:
2688:
2611:
2356:
2106:
1870:
1856:
1740:
1679:
1290:
906:
881:
631:
182:
94:
59:
523:
Richard L. Cifelli, Carlos
Villarroel , 1997. Paleobiology and Affinities of
3775:
3594:
3442:
3252:
3231:
3066:
2940:
2589:
2491:
2449:
2167:
1454:
1355:
1326:
1108:
978:
781:
724:
672:
377:
366:
362:
342:
139:
99:
43:
332:, a family of primitive ungulates that went extinct during the end of the
4009:
3363:
3356:
3294:
3122:
2554:
2547:
2331:
2075:
1798:
1477:
1115:
1046:
934:
888:
867:
795:
788:
753:
600:
452:
424:
371:
310:
302:
159:
89:
84:
69:
64:
54:
34:
4029:
3747:
3136:
3108:
2854:
456:
347:
306:
271:
104:
79:
30:
1649:
874:
606:
594:
460:
396:
333:
169:
149:
3986:
443:
357:
were only uncovered during the 1980s from the Honda Group, in the
274:
340:
in the fossil record ; hence its genus name, meaning "large
416:
3990:
2142:
1288:
625:
554:
361:
of
Colombia, including parts of the legs, mandibles, teeths,
459:
suggest that it was an animal similar in habits to modern
519:
517:
515:
513:
3907:
3863:
3798:
3786:
3714:
3613:
3578:
3530:
3388:
3333:
3219:
3189:
3159:
2872:
2835:
2823:
2636:
2521:
2509:
2409:
2365:
2353:
2284:
2233:
2199:
2056:
2026:
1989:
1977:
1816:
1786:
1716:
1660:
1588:
1575:
1562:
1465:
1400:
1373:
1314:
1302:
1200:
1163:
1133:
1071:
1034:
1007:
945:
915:
903:
855:
843:
806:
712:
652:
3999:
3906:
3862:
3797:
3785:
3713:
3612:
3577:
3529:
3387:
3332:
3218:
3188:
3158:
2871:
2834:
2822:
2635:
2520:
2508:
2408:
2364:
2352:
2283:
2232:
2198:
2155:
2089:
2055:
2025:
1988:
1976:
1815:
1785:
1714:
1659:
1587:
1573:
1561:
1464:
1399:
1372:
1313:
1301:
1199:
1162:
1132:
1070:
1033:
1006:
944:
914:
902:
854:
842:
805:
711:
651:
427:on the third molar. The genus had only 10 to 11
336:, 25 millions of years before the apparition of
566:
8:
3987:
3903:
3794:
3710:
3586:
3341:
3185:
2831:
2644:
2517:
2361:
2207:
2152:
2139:
1985:
1725:
1584:
1570:
1381:
1310:
1298:
1285:
1079:
1015:
911:
851:
648:
644:
622:
573:
559:
551:
20:
423:which sharpened each other, and a large
472:
7:
507:, Vol. 254, December 1956, P.736-743
305:, in terrains dated from the Middle
542:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
14:
4097:Miocene mammals of South America
3971:
3965:
3959:
2125:
2120:
1271:
1265:
1259:
399:, such as the well known genera
126:
583:South American native ungulates
1:
4117:Fossil taxa described in 1956
455:molars similar to modern-day
4122:Prehistoric placental genera
505:American Journal of Science
16:Extinct genus of litopterns
4138:
481:"Fossilworks: Megadolodus"
3957:
3589:
3344:
2647:
2210:
2151:
2138:
2118:
1728:
1384:
1297:
1284:
1257:
1082:
1018:
647:
643:
621:
589:
297:, in the fossil locality
242:
235:
123:Scientific classification
121:
23:
638:, and other minor groups
413:Megadolodus molariformis
324:. Those few remains led
318:University of California
293:were uncovered from the
249:Megadolodus molariformis
359:Magdalena River Valley
4064:Paleobiology Database
289:The first fossils of
1664:Sparnotheriodontinae
544:(2006), 4: 279-284 .
295:Villavieja Formation
228:M. molariformis
4112:Fossils of Colombia
3846:Pseudohegetotherium
3223:Oldfieldthomasiidae
2311:Edvardotrouessartia
1769:Pseudobrachytherium
485:www.fossilworks.org
301:, in what is today
3734:Archaeotypotherium
3633:Caraguatypotherium
1213:Granastrapotherium
429:thoracic vertebrae
4079:
4078:
4051:Open Tree of Life
3993:Taxon identifiers
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3832:Hemihegetotherium
3709:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3682:Pseudotypotherium
3675:Plesiotypotherium
3573:
3572:
3193:Archaeopithecidae
3154:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3145:
2818:
2817:
2369:Homalodotheriidae
2348:
2347:
2237:Henricosborniidae
2134:
2133:
2116:
2115:
2085:
2084:
1993:Amilnedwardsiidae
1972:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1710:
1709:
1615:Guilielmofloweria
1566:Proterotherioidea
1557:
1556:
1534:Scalabrinitherium
1280:
1279:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1234:Xenastrapotherium
1176:Astrapothericulus
1137:Albertogaudryinae
1123:Parastrapotherium
1038:Trigonostylopidae
1002:
1001:
898:
897:
263:
262:
216:
4129:
4102:Neogene Colombia
4072:
4071:
4059:
4058:
4046:
4045:
4033:
4032:
4020:
4019:
4018:
3988:
3975:
3969:
3963:
3909:
3904:
3865:
3839:Prohegetotherium
3818:Hegetotheriopsis
3800:
3795:
3788:
3762:Protarchaeohyrax
3741:Bryanpattersonia
3718:Archaeohyracidae
3716:
3711:
3668:Microtypotherium
3615:
3587:
3580:
3550:Guilielmoscottia
3532:
3506:Progaleopithecus
3422:Brucemacfaddenia
3390:
3342:
3335:
3288:Oldfieldthomasia
3221:
3191:
3186:
3161:
3081:Posnanskytherium
2899:Calchaquitherium
2874:
2837:
2832:
2825:
2809:Trimerostephanos
2645:
2638:
2523:
2518:
2511:
2411:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2286:
2267:Peripantostylops
2235:
2208:
2201:
2153:
2140:
2129:
2124:
2058:
2028:
2009:Ernestohaeckelia
1991:
1986:
1979:
1899:Paramacrauchenia
1885:Neobrachytherium
1820:Proterotheriinae
1818:
1788:
1726:
1720:Proterotheriidae
1718:
1662:
1590:
1585:
1577:
1571:
1564:
1548:Xenorhinotherium
1499:Macraucheniopsis
1467:
1402:
1382:
1375:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1286:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1204:Uruguaytheriinae
1202:
1167:Astrapotheriinae
1165:
1135:
1080:
1075:Astrapotheriidae
1073:
1054:Tetragonostylops
1036:
1024:Eoastrapostylops
1016:
1009:
947:
919:Colombitheriidae
917:
912:
905:
857:
852:
845:
819:Asmithwoodwardia
810:Protolipternidae
808:
714:
654:
649:
645:
623:
575:
568:
561:
552:
545:
538:
532:
521:
508:
501:
495:
494:
492:
491:
477:
433:lumbar vertebrae
322:Ruben A. Stirton
320:and directed by
251:
247:
214:
207:
196:Proterotheriidae
194:
181:
131:
130:
116:
46:
29:Temporal range:
21:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4092:Proterotheriids
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4067:
4062:
4054:
4049:
4041:
4036:
4028:
4023:
4014:
4013:
4008:
3995:
3985:
3976:
3939:
3902:
3858:
3802:Hegetotheriinae
3790:Hegetotheriidae
3781:
3701:
3626:Altitypotherium
3608:
3569:
3525:
3392:Interatheriinae
3383:
3337:Interatheriidae
3328:
3267:Itaboraitherium
3260:Dolichostylodon
3246:Camargomendesia
3239:Brachystephanus
3214:
3202:Archaeopithecus
3184:
3142:
3004:Neoadinotherium
2948:Haplodontherium
2867:
2862:Proadinotherium
2814:
2631:
2576:Henricofilholia
2504:
2404:
2399:Trigonolophodon
2392:Homalodotherium
2344:
2279:
2228:
2194:
2147:
2130:
2112:
2081:
2051:
2021:
1960:
1927:Tetramerorhinus
1850:Diplasiotherium
1811:
1781:
1722:
1706:
1694:Sparnotheriodon
1655:
1581:
1553:
1527:Promacrauchenia
1469:Macraucheniinae
1460:
1441:Phoenixauchenia
1404:Cramaucheniinae
1395:
1377:Macraucheniidae
1368:
1293:
1276:
1239:
1195:
1158:
1128:
1066:
1029:
998:
940:
894:
838:
801:
775:Ricardocifellia
707:
639:
617:
585:
579:
549:
548:
539:
535:
522:
511:
502:
498:
489:
487:
479:
478:
474:
469:
390:
353:New remains of
326:Malcolm McKenna
287:
259:
253:
245:
244:
231:
213:
205:
192:
179:
125:
117:
115:
114:
113:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
42:13.5–11.8
41:
40:
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4135:
4133:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4084:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4060:
4047:
4034:
4021:
4005:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3915:
3913:
3901:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3871:
3869:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3806:
3804:
3792:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3722:
3720:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3696:Typotheriopsis
3692:
3689:Rusconitherium
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3621:
3619:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3599:
3590:
3584:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3538:
3536:
3534:Notopithecinae
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3520:Santiagorothia
3516:
3513:Protypotherium
3509:
3502:
3499:Proargyrohyrax
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3396:
3394:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3345:
3339:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3281:Maxschlosseria
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3225:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3209:Teratopithecus
3205:
3197:
3195:
3183:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3165:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3116:Toxodontherium
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2962:Hoffstetterius
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2913:Charruatoxodon
2909:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2880:
2878:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2858:
2851:
2843:
2841:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2805:
2802:Teushentherium
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2769:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2738:Pascualihippus
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2703:Moqueguahippus
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2667:Deuterotherium
2663:
2656:
2648:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2597:Martinmiguelia
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2529:
2527:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2485:Pleurostylodon
2481:
2478:Pleurocoelodon
2474:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2417:
2415:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2385:Chasicotherium
2381:
2373:
2371:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2292:
2290:
2288:Notostylopidae
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2260:Othnielmarshia
2256:
2249:
2246:Henricosbornia
2241:
2239:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2211:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2182:Carolodarwinia
2178:
2171:
2163:
2161:
2158:incertae sedis
2149:
2148:
2143:
2136:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2095:
2093:
2091:Incertae sedis
2087:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2064:
2062:
2060:Notonychopidae
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2005:
2002:Amilnedwardsia
1997:
1995:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1934:Thoatheriopsis
1930:
1923:
1920:Proterotherium
1916:
1909:
1906:Picturotherium
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1762:Prothoatherium
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1734:Mesolicaphrium
1729:
1723:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1701:Victorlemoinea
1697:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1666:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1629:Paranisolambda
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1594:
1592:Anisolambdinae
1582:
1579:Anisolambdidae
1574:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1513:Oxyodontherium
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1473:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1322:
1320:
1308:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1227:Uruguaytherium
1223:
1220:Hilarcotherium
1216:
1208:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1186:
1183:Astrapotherium
1179:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1149:
1146:Albertogaudrya
1141:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1102:Comahuetherium
1098:
1091:
1083:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1061:Trigonostylops
1057:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
989:
986:Propyrotherium
982:
975:
972:Carolozittelia
968:
965:Berracotherium
961:
953:
951:
942:
941:
939:
938:
931:
928:Colombitherium
923:
921:
909:
900:
899:
896:
895:
893:
892:
885:
878:
871:
863:
861:
849:
840:
839:
837:
836:
829:
822:
814:
812:
803:
802:
800:
799:
792:
785:
778:
771:
764:
761:Paulogervaisia
757:
750:
742:
739:Ernestokokenia
735:
728:
720:
718:
716:Didolodontidae
709:
708:
706:
705:
698:
691:
684:
676:
669:
661:
659:
641:
640:
626:
619:
618:
616:
615:
613:Laurasiatheria
609:
603:
597:
590:
587:
586:
580:
578:
577:
570:
563:
555:
547:
546:
533:
509:
496:
471:
470:
468:
465:
440:perissodactyls
389:
386:
330:Didolodontidae
286:
283:
279:proterotheriid
261:
260:
254:
240:
239:
233:
232:
224:
222:
218:
217:
203:
199:
198:
190:
186:
185:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
119:
118:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
47:
31:Middle Miocene
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4134:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3989:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3962:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3883:Propachyrucos
3880:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3867:Pachyrukhinae
3861:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3825:Hegetotherium
3822:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3811:Ethegotherium
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3712:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3679:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3647:Eutypotherium
3644:
3642:
3641:
3640:Eotypotherium
3637:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3617:Mesotheriinae
3611:
3605:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3582:Mesotheriidae
3576:
3566:
3565:
3564:Transpithecus
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3464:Interatherium
3461:
3459:
3458:
3457:Federicoanaya
3454:
3452:
3451:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3436:Choichephilum
3433:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3401:Archaeophylus
3398:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3323:Xenostephanus
3320:
3318:
3317:
3316:Ultrapithecus
3313:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3179:Griphotherion
3176:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3157:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3102:Stereotoxodon
3099:
3097:
3096:
3095:Stenotephanos
3092:
3090:
3089:
3088:Prototrigodon
3085:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3074:Plesiotoxodon
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3060:Piauhytherium
3057:
3055:
3054:
3053:Pericotoxodon
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3032:Ocnerotherium
3029:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2971:
2970:
2969:Hyperoxotodon
2966:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2934:Falcontoxodon
2931:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2892:Andinotoxodon
2889:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2821:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:Patagonhippus
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2696:Mendozahippus
2693:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2675:Edvardocopeia
2672:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2626:Termastherium
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2499:Thomashuxleya
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2436:Distylophorus
2433:
2431:
2430:
2429:Coelostylodon
2426:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2318:Homalostylops
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:Notioprogonia
2197:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2123:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1975:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1913:Prolicaphrium
1910:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1892:Neolicaphrium
1889:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1836:Brachytherium
1833:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1790:Megadolodinae
1784:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1713:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1673:Heteroglyphis
1670:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1560:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1520:Paranauchenia
1517:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1422:
1421:
1420:Coniopternium
1417:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1349:Proheptaconus
1346:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1262:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:Astrapotheria
1005:
995:
994:
990:
988:
987:
983:
981:
980:
976:
974:
973:
969:
967:
966:
962:
960:
959:
955:
954:
952:
950:
949:Pyrotheriidae
943:
937:
936:
932:
930:
929:
925:
924:
922:
920:
913:
910:
908:
901:
891:
890:
886:
884:
883:
879:
877:
876:
872:
870:
869:
865:
864:
862:
860:
853:
850:
848:
841:
835:
834:
833:Protolipterna
830:
828:
827:
823:
821:
820:
816:
815:
813:
811:
804:
798:
797:
793:
791:
790:
786:
784:
783:
779:
777:
776:
772:
770:
769:
765:
763:
762:
758:
756:
755:
751:
748:
747:
743:
741:
740:
736:
734:
733:
729:
727:
726:
722:
721:
719:
717:
710:
704:
703:
699:
697:
696:
692:
690:
689:
685:
682:
681:
677:
675:
674:
670:
668:
667:
663:
662:
660:
657:
650:
646:
642:
637:
636:Astrapotheria
633:
629:
624:
620:
614:
610:
608:
604:
602:
598:
596:
592:
591:
588:
584:
576:
571:
569:
564:
562:
557:
556:
553:
543:
537:
534:
530:
526:
520:
518:
516:
514:
510:
506:
500:
497:
486:
482:
476:
473:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
449:
445:
441:
436:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:
404:
403:
398:
394:
387:
385:
383:
382:Megadolodinae
379:
375:
373:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
344:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
284:
282:
280:
276:
273:
269:
268:
257:
252:
250:
241:
238:
237:Binomial name
234:
230:
229:
223:
220:
219:
215:McKenna, 1956
212:
211:
204:
201:
200:
197:
191:
188:
187:
184:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
129:
124:
120:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
45:
36:
32:
26:
22:
19:
4000:
3964:
3932:
3927:Paedotherium
3925:
3918:
3911:Pachyrukhini
3895:
3890:Prosotherium
3888:
3881:
3874:
3853:Sallatherium
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3755:Pascualhyrax
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3727:Archaeohyrax
3725:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3654:Hypsitherium
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3603:Trachytherus
3601:
3593:
3562:
3557:Notopithecus
3555:
3548:
3543:Antepithecus
3541:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3485:Neoicochilus
3483:
3478:Miocochilius
3476:
3469:
3462:
3455:
3450:Eopachyrucos
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3415:Boleatherium
3413:
3406:
3399:
3378:Punapithecus
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3350:Antofagastia
3348:
3321:
3314:
3309:Tsamnichoria
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3274:Kibenikhoria
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3207:
3200:
3177:
3170:
3135:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3046:Paratrigodon
3044:
3037:
3030:
3023:
3018:Nesodonopsis
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:Toxodontinae
2860:
2853:
2848:Adinotherium
2846:
2839:Nesodontinae
2827:Toxodontidae
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2752:Perhippidion
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2682:Eomorphippus
2680:
2673:
2665:
2660:Argyrohippus
2658:
2651:
2640:Notohippidae
2624:
2619:Taubatherium
2617:
2610:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2583:Huilatherium
2581:
2574:
2567:
2562:Elmerriggsia
2560:
2553:
2546:
2541:Ancylocoelus
2539:
2534:Anayatherium
2532:
2525:Leontiniidae
2513:Eutoxodontia
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2471:Periphragnis
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2441:
2434:
2427:
2420:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2304:Chilestylops
2302:
2297:Boreastylops
2295:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2253:Nanolophodon
2251:
2244:
2221:
2216:Satshatemnus
2214:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2156:
2145:Notoungulata
2105:
2098:
2090:
2074:
2067:
2044:
2037:
2030:Indaleciidae
2014:
2007:
2000:
1955:Villarroelia
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1843:Diadiaphorus
1841:
1834:
1827:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1776:Salladolodus
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1699:
1692:
1687:Phoradiadius
1685:
1678:
1671:
1648:
1643:Protheosodon
1641:
1634:
1627:
1622:Lambdaconops
1620:
1613:
1608:Eolicaphrium
1606:
1599:
1546:
1541:Windhausenia
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1506:Micrauchenia
1504:
1497:
1492:Macrauchenia
1490:
1485:Huayqueriana
1483:
1476:
1453:
1448:Pternoconius
1446:
1439:
1434:Llullataruca
1432:
1427:Cramauchenia
1425:
1418:
1411:
1388:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1306:Eulitopterna
1264:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1153:Astraponotus
1151:
1144:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1022:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
958:Baguatherium
956:
933:
926:
887:
880:
873:
866:
831:
824:
817:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
744:
737:
730:
723:
700:
693:
686:
678:
671:
664:
656:Kollpaniidae
611:Superorder:
541:
536:
528:
524:
504:
499:
488:. Retrieved
484:
475:
447:
437:
412:
408:Diadiaphorus
406:
400:
392:
391:
370:
354:
352:
341:
337:
313:
290:
288:
281:litopterns.
266:
265:
264:
248:
243:
227:
226:
209:
208:
24:
18:
4001:Megadolodus
3934:Tremacyllus
3920:Pachyrukhos
3897:Tremacyllus
3661:Mesotherium
3492:Patriarchus
3471:Juchuysillu
3429:Caenophilus
3408:Argyrohyrax
3130:Trigodonops
3039:Palyeidodon
3025:Nonotherium
2997:Mixotoxodon
2990:Minitoxodon
2983:Mesotoxodon
2955:Hemixotodon
2920:Dinotoxodon
2906:Ceratoxodon
2781:Rhynchippus
2759:Plexotemnus
2731:Pampahippus
2653:Acoelohyrax
2464:Pampatemnus
2457:Lophocoelus
2443:Hedralophus
2422:Anisotemnus
2413:Isotemnidae
2339:Parastylops
2325:Notostylops
2274:Simpsonotus
2189:Perutherium
2175:Archaeogaia
2069:Notonychops
2039:Adiantoides
2016:Rutimeyeria
1948:Uruguayodon
1941:Thoatherium
1878:Lambdaconus
1829:Anisolophus
1806:Megadolodus
1755:Promylophis
1748:Olisanophus
1636:Polyacrodon
1601:Anisolambda
1390:Polymorphis
1363:Tricoelodus
1341:Proectocion
1334:Proadiantus
1318:Adianthidae
1088:Antarctodon
993:Pyrotherium
859:Carodniidae
847:Xenungulata
826:Miguelsoria
695:Simoclaenus
680:Pascualodus
628:Xenungulata
525:Megadolodus
448:Megadolodus
402:Thoatherium
393:Megadolodus
388:Description
374:enigmaticus
355:Megadolodus
338:Megadolodus
291:Megadolodus
267:Megadolodus
210:Megadolodus
25:Megadolodus
4086:Categories
3876:Medistylus
3769:Pseudhyrax
3172:Campanorco
3163:Typotheria
3011:Neotoxodon
2885:Abothrodon
2795:Stilhippus
2724:Notohippus
2717:Nesohippus
2710:Morphippus
2689:Eurygenium
2612:Scarrittia
2357:Toxodontia
2107:Proacrodon
1981:Notopterna
1871:Epitherium
1857:Eoauchenia
1741:Neodolodus
1680:Notiolofos
1413:Caliphrium
1291:Litopterna
1095:Astrapodon
907:Pyrotheria
882:Notoetayoa
768:Raulvaccia
746:Escribania
732:Enneoconus
702:Tiuclaenus
632:Pyrotheria
581:Genera of
490:2022-04-29
467:References
438:Like some
367:litopterns
314:UCMP 39270
183:Litopterna
3776:Punahyrax
3595:Fiandraia
3443:Cochilius
3253:Colbertia
3232:Allalmeia
3067:Pisanodon
2976:Mesenodon
2941:Gyrinodon
2927:Eutomodus
2590:Leontinia
2492:Rhyphodon
2450:Isotemnus
2223:Seudenius
2168:Acoelodus
2046:Indalecia
1864:Epecuenia
1455:Theosodon
1356:Thadanius
1327:Adianthus
1109:Liarthrus
979:Griphodon
782:Saltaodus
725:Didolodus
688:Pucanodus
673:Molinodus
666:Andinodus
593:Kingdom:
457:peccaries
378:Venezuela
363:vertebrae
343:Didolodus
221:Species:
146:Kingdom:
140:Eukaryota
4107:Laventan
4016:Q6009076
4010:Wikidata
3364:Johnbell
3357:Ignigena
3302:Suniodon
3295:Paginula
3123:Trigodon
2773:Purperia
2604:Purperia
2555:Coquenia
2548:Colpodon
2378:Asmodeus
2332:Otrhonia
2100:Kyraodus
2076:Requisia
1799:Bounodus
1478:Cullinia
1116:Maddenia
1047:Shecenia
935:Proticia
889:Rodcania
868:Carodnia
796:Xesmodon
789:Umayodus
754:Lamegoia
607:Mammalia
601:Chordata
599:Phylum:
595:Animalia
453:bunodont
442:such as
431:, and 5
425:hypocone
372:Bounodus
311:holotype
303:Colombia
299:La Venta
189:Family:
170:Mammalia
160:Chordata
156:Phylum:
150:Animalia
136:Domain:
35:Laventan
4056:3615731
4043:1038840
4030:4829823
3748:Eohyrax
3371:Munizia
3137:Xotodon
3109:Toxodon
2855:Nesodon
2788:Rosendo
1190:Scaglia
605:Class:
421:canines
348:Neogene
307:Miocene
285:History
272:extinct
256:McKenna
246:†
225:†
202:Genus:
176:Order:
166:Class:
111:↓
4069:247874
2766:Puelia
2569:Gualta
1650:Wainka
875:Etayoa
461:Suidae
444:tapirs
419:-like
397:horses
334:Eocene
270:is an
258:, 1956
4038:IRMNG
376:from
275:genus
4025:GBIF
417:tusk
405:and
50:PreꞒ
277:of
4088::
4066::
4053::
4040::
4027::
4012::
634:,
630:,
527:.
512:^
483:.
446:,
435:.
411:.
384:.
350:.
100:Pg
44:Ma
3908:†
3864:†
3799:†
3787:†
3715:†
3614:†
3598:?
3579:†
3531:†
3389:†
3334:†
3220:†
3190:†
3160:†
2873:†
2836:†
2824:†
2776:?
2670:?
2637:†
2607:?
2522:†
2510:†
2410:†
2366:†
2354:†
2285:†
2234:†
2200:†
2057:†
2027:†
1990:†
1978:†
1817:†
1787:†
1717:†
1661:†
1589:†
1576:†
1563:†
1466:†
1401:†
1374:†
1344:?
1315:†
1303:†
1201:†
1164:†
1134:†
1072:†
1035:†
1008:†
946:†
916:†
904:†
856:†
844:†
807:†
749:?
713:†
683:?
658:?
653:†
574:e
567:t
560:v
493:.
206:†
193:†
180:†
105:N
95:K
90:J
85:T
80:P
75:C
70:D
65:S
60:O
55:Ꞓ
39:~
37:)
33:(
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