910:
4516:
2044:
1566:
2297:
2669:
2289:
1830:
1333:
761:
2617:
2212:
2452:
1748:
574:
2473:
2039:{\displaystyle {\frac {1\;{\text{eV}}}{hc}}={\frac {1.602\ 176\ 634\times 10^{-19}\;{\text{J}}}{(2.99\ 792\ 458\times 10^{10}\;{\text{cm}}/{\text{s}})\times (6.62\ 607\ 015\times 10^{-34}\;{\text{J}}{\cdot }{\text{s}})}}\thickapprox 8065.5439\;{\text{cm}}^{-1}.}
1561:{\displaystyle p=1\;{\text{GeV}}/c={\frac {(1\times 10^{9})\times (1.602\ 176\ 634\times 10^{-19}\;{\text{C}})\times (1\;{\text{V}})}{2.99\ 792\ 458\times 10^{8}\;{\text{m}}/{\text{s}}}}=5.344\ 286\times 10^{-19}\;{\text{kg}}{\cdot }{\text{m}}/{\text{s}}.}
2647:
In a low-energy nuclear scattering experiment, it is conventional to refer to the nuclear recoil energy in units of eVr, keVr, etc. This distinguishes the nuclear recoil energy from the "electron equivalent" recoil energy (eVee, keVee, etc.) measured by
2068:
2319:
1615:
501:
In the fields of physics in which the electronvolt is used, other quantities are typically measured using units derived from the electronvolt as a product with fundamental constants of importance in the theory are often used.
2478:
756:{\displaystyle 1\;{\text{eV}}/c^{2}={\frac {(1.602\ 176\ 634\times 10^{-19}\,{\text{C}})\times 1\,{\text{V}}}{(299\ 792\ 458\;\mathrm {m/s} )^{2}}}=1.782\ 661\ 92\times 10^{-36}\;{\text{kg}}.}
1154:
2660:
per keV electron-equivalent energy). The relationship between eV, eVr, and eVee depends on the medium the scattering takes place in, and must be established empirically for each material.
3342:
2612:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}E&=4.135\ 667\ 696\times 10^{-15}\;\mathrm {eV/Hz} \times \nu \\&={\frac {1\ 239.841\ 98\;\mathrm {eV{\cdot }nm} }{\lambda }}.\end{aligned}}}
1238:
977:
1278:
such that an applied energy with expressed in the unit eV conveniently results in a numerically approximately equivalent change of momentum when expressed with the unit eV/
1272:
3825:
3434:
3390:
2679:
varies only with the frequency of the photon, related by the speed of light. This contrasts with a massive particle of which the energy depends on its velocity and
2207:{\displaystyle {1\,\mathrm {eV} /k_{\text{B}}}={1.602\ 176\ 634\times 10^{-19}{\text{ J}} \over 1.380\ 649\times 10^{-23}{\text{ J/K}}}=11\ 604.518\ 12{\text{ K}},}
1065:
3803:
3688:
3659:
1180:
1035:
1008:
4491:
2447:{\displaystyle E=h\nu ={\frac {hc}{\lambda }}={\frac {\mathrm {4.135\ 667\ 696\times 10^{-15}\;eV/Hz} \times \mathrm {299\,792\,458\;m/s} }{\lambda }}}
3958:
4545:
3915:
1743:{\displaystyle \hbar =1.054\ 571\ 817\ 646\times 10^{-34}\ \mathrm {J{\cdot }s} =6.582\ 119\ 569\ 509\times 10^{-16}\ \mathrm {eV{\cdot }s} .}
1601:. In these units, both distances and times are expressed in inverse energy units (while energy and mass are expressed in the same units, see
849:), one twelfth of the mass a carbon-12 atom, is close to the mass of a proton. To convert to electronvolt mass-equivalent, use the formula:
3737:
4207:
1081:
1305:. Dividing a unit of energy (such as eV) by a fundamental constant (such as the speed of light) that has the dimension of velocity (
4397:
3773:
3833:
4501:
3980:
1185:
4216:
4022:
1076:
914:
3838:
3626:
3581:
One mole of particles given 1 eV of energy each has approximately 96.5 kJ of energy – this corresponds to the
2937:
1821:
1602:
535:
511:
3564:
3249:
3245:
2236:
4067:"Combined Measurement of the Higgs Boson Mass in pp Collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV with the ATLAS and CMS Experiments"
3893:
1612:
Outside this system of units, the conversion factors between electronvolt, second, and nanometer are the following:
4008:
4540:
284:(10), the respective symbols being meV, keV, MeV, GeV, TeV, PeV and EeV. The SI unit of energy is the joule (J).
1827:
Energy in electronvolts is sometimes expressed through the wavelength of light with photons of the same energy:
4550:
4455:
3307:
2920:
2750:
3868:
4496:
3472:
2815:
2649:
110:
924:
4200:
4062:
4027:
3948:
3068:
3006:
250:
909:
2057:, it is convenient to use the electronvolt to express temperature. The electronvolt is divided by the
4143:
4088:
3718:
2878:
2789:
2770:
1241:
839:
135:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
4481:
3925:
3280:
3043:
2857:
2809:
2795:
2776:
1327:
980:
234:
4159:
4133:
4078:
3072:
2941:
2756:
2222:
2058:
1251:
4560:
4519:
4405:
4193:
4106:
1606:
188:
4555:
4151:
4096:
4058:
3582:
3507:
3455:
3345:
3205:
3184:
3120:
3060:
3035:
2764:
2720:
1576:
1275:
519:
246:
3412:
3368:
1043:
4272:
3167:
3103:
3085:
2459:
1584:
242:
139:
131:
102:
94:
4155:
1159:
4147:
4092:
3722:
522:, where units of mass and energy are often interchanged, to express mass in units of eV/
4425:
4357:
3546:
3519:
3353:
3273:
3253:
3237:
3219:
3137:
2958:
2874:
2703:
2467:
2054:
1312:) facilitates the required conversion for using a unit of energy to quantify momentum.
1038:
1020:
993:
984:
531:
238:
230:
74:
3765:
2235:
is assumed when using the electronvolt to express temperature, for example, a typical
4534:
4486:
4410:
4347:
4337:
3302:
3269:
3089:
2903:
2783:
2736:
2676:
2657:
1753:
918:
886:
By dividing a particle's kinetic energy in electronvolts by the fundamental constant
551:
4163:
4387:
4372:
4327:
4307:
4224:
4101:
4066:
3009:(operated at 3.5 TeV since its start on 30 March 2010, reached 13 TeV in May 2015)
2885:
2062:
777:
547:
4005:"A growing astrophysical neutrino signal in IceCube now features a 2-PeV neutrino"
3795:
3651:
4302:
4257:
3550:
3523:
3493:
3276:
3223:
3064:
2849:
2744:
2730:
1760:
421:
17:
3680:
2296:
1796:
1011:
906:
may be informally be omitted to express momentum using the unit electronvolt.
1244:. When a relatively high energy is applied to a particle with relatively low
4367:
4282:
4036:
3441:
3141:
3039:
2694:
2680:
2668:
2653:
1245:
254:
4110:
4180:
3924:. Help from: Kowitt, Mark; Corcoran, Mike; Garcia, Leonard. Archived from
2288:
4247:
3889:
3459:
3437:
3393:
3188:
3023:
2803:
1068:
1015:
891:
766:
559:
475:
393:
289:
168:
78:
4004:
4435:
4420:
4362:
4292:
4287:
4237:
3397:
3145:
2992:
2882:
2866:
2842:
1775:
303:
226:
172:
106:
82:
54:
4450:
4352:
4262:
4242:
4232:
3568:
2912:
2895:
2853:
988:
796:
785:
337:
90:
4138:
4083:
3864:
167:
An electronvolt is the amount of energy gained or lost by a single
4465:
4460:
4445:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4297:
4252:
3171:
3107:
2984:
2711:
2667:
2295:
1579:, a system of natural units in which the speed of light in vacuum
908:
98:
4440:
4382:
4377:
4032:
3953:
3920:
3149:
3124:
2950:
2929:
2243:(kiloelectronvolt), which is equal to 174 MK (megakelvin).
1824:
are often expressed in the more convenient inverse picoseconds.
515:
450:
365:
180:
176:
86:
4189:
546:). It is common to informally express mass in terms of eV as a
4415:
4342:
4332:
3349:
3266:
3241:
898:. In natural units in which the fundamental velocity constant
4124:
Mertens, Susanne (2016). "Direct neutrino mass experiments".
1820:
Conversely, the tiny meson mass differences responsible for
4185:
1609:
are often presented using a unit of inverse particle mass.
225:
The electronvolt (eV) is a unit of energy, but is not an
130:
Historically, the electronvolt was devised as a standard
3837:. IST 8A (Shedding Light on Life) - W06. Archived from
3800:
The NIST Reference on
Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
3685:
The NIST Reference on
Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
3656:
The NIST Reference on
Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
3005:
designed proton center-of-mass collision energy at the
3315:
890:(the speed of light), one can describe the particle's
3865:"Electromagnetic Spectrum, The Physics Hypertextbook"
3709:
Barrow, J. D. (1983). "Natural Units Before Planck".
3415:
3371:
3310:
2673:
Photon frequency vs. energy particle in electronvolts
2631:
would correspond to an infrared photon of wavelength
2476:
2322:
2071:
1833:
1759:
of an unstable particle (in seconds) in terms of its
1618:
1590:
are dimensionless and equal to unity is widely used:
1336:
1254:
1188:
1162:
1084:
1046:
1023:
996:
927:
577:
2957:
energy consumed by a 10-watt device (e.g. a typical
2623:(green light) would have an energy of approximately
4474:
4396:
4271:
4223:
3711:
Quarterly
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
3428:
3384:
3336:
2611:
2446:
2206:
2038:
1742:
1560:
1266:
1232:
1174:
1148:
1059:
1029:
1002:
971:
755:
101:(symbol J) is equal to the numerical value of the
30:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see
810:a convenient unit of mass for particle physics:
3738:"Energy and momentum units in particle physics"
3067:, as measured by two separate detectors at the
2292:Energy of photons in the visible spectrum in eV
1149:{\displaystyle E^{2}=p^{2}c^{2}+m_{0}^{2}c^{4}}
319:Relation to other physical properties and units
113:, this sets 1 eV equal to the exact value
3646:
3644:
3642:
1752:The above relations also allow expressing the
4201:
3796:"2022 CODATA Value: Planck constant in eV/Hz"
8:
2991:the highest-energy neutrino detected by the
514:, the electronvolt corresponds to a unit of
4492:Historical definitions of the SI base units
4208:
4194:
4186:
2824:
2576:
2522:
2425:
2391:
2017:
1989:
1933:
1894:
1840:
1529:
1482:
1443:
1425:
1346:
744:
683:
581:
208:. Therefore, one electronvolt is equal to
4137:
4100:
4082:
3420:
3414:
3376:
3370:
3337:{\displaystyle ({\tfrac {hc}{\lambda }})}
3314:
3309:
3166:approximate average energy released in a
2584:
2577:
2558:
2530:
2523:
2513:
2477:
2475:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2398:
2382:
2359:
2356:
2338:
2321:
2196:
2170:
2161:
2138:
2129:
2104:
2094:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2070:
2024:
2019:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1980:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1895:
1885:
1860:
1841:
1834:
1832:
1728:
1721:
1709:
1669:
1665:
1653:
1617:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1520:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1476:
1444:
1426:
1416:
1379:
1363:
1352:
1347:
1335:
1253:
1224:
1219:
1206:
1193:
1187:
1161:
1140:
1130:
1125:
1112:
1102:
1089:
1083:
1051:
1045:
1022:
995:
963:
958:
945:
932:
926:
745:
735:
701:
688:
684:
658:
657:
643:
642:
633:
605:
596:
587:
582:
576:
287:In some older documents, and in the name
4181:Fundamental Physical Constants from NIST
2287:
322:
3981:"How Many Watts Does a Light Bulb Use?"
3638:
3102:approximate average energy released in
3022:, about the kinetic energy of a flying
2300:Graph of wavelength (nm) to energy (eV)
2011:
1619:
3681:"2022 CODATA Value: elementary charge"
4126:Journal of Physics: Conference Series
1233:{\displaystyle E^{2}=p^{2}+m_{0}^{2}}
972:{\displaystyle E^{2}=p^{2}+m_{0}^{2}}
7:
3601:moles of particles each with energy
4035:. Electronvolt (eV). Archived from
3770:Associate Teacher Institute Toolkit
3567:radiation temperature of ~2.7
3046:for which this has been determined
2652:light. For example, the yield of a
155:after passing through a voltage of
3961:from the original on 11 March 2020
3890:"Definition of frequency bands on"
3824:Molinaro, Marco (9 January 2006).
3652:"2022 CODATA Value: electron volt"
2592:
2589:
2581:
2578:
2538:
2535:
2527:
2524:
2434:
2426:
2406:
2403:
2395:
2392:
2081:
2078:
1733:
1725:
1722:
1674:
1666:
693:
685:
138:sciences, because a particle with
136:electrostatic particle accelerator
25:
3914:Lochner, Jim (11 February 1998).
3597:), where the energy in joules of
3156:per kilogram of product produced
2995:neutrino telescope in Antarctica
2940:particle observed, the so-called
97:, the numerical value of 1 eV in
73:, is the measure of an amount of
4515:
4514:
4011:from the original on 2015-03-19.
3776:from the original on 14 May 2011
1795:has a lifetime of 1.530(9)
795:. In general, the masses of all
550:, effectively using a system of
315:, though neither is an SI unit.
3896:from the original on 2010-04-30
3871:from the original on 2016-07-29
3834:University of California, Davis
3136:average energy released in the
2873:energy released from a 20
765:For example, an electron and a
233:within physics, widely used in
179:. Hence, it has a value of one
4502:System of units of measurement
4156:10.1088/1742-6596/718/2/022013
4102:10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.191803
3331:
3311:
3240:systems, like the core of the
2619:A photon with a wavelength of
2005:
1955:
1949:
1902:
1449:
1437:
1431:
1391:
1385:
1366:
698:
665:
648:
608:
1:
4546:Units of chemical measurement
1315:For example, if the momentum
1295:. The dimension of energy is
1285:The dimension of momentum is
173:electric potential difference
83:electric potential difference
3627:Orders of magnitude (energy)
3246:magnetically confined plasma
2938:ultra-high-energy cosmic ray
1248:, it can be approximated as
983:that can be visualized as a
3949:"Open Questions in Physics"
3772:. Fermilab. 22 March 2002.
3766:"Units in particle physics"
3565:cosmic microwave background
3084:average energy released in
3071:to a certainty better than
2684:
2316:of a photon are related by
2237:magnetic confinement fusion
2053:In certain fields, such as
1605:). In particular, particle
311:is therefore equivalent to
253:. It is commonly used with
4577:
3506:, of one gas molecule at
3170:neutron released from one
2656:is measured in phe/keVee (
134:through its usefulness in
29:
4510:
3191:, the lowest-mass quark.
2875:kiloton of TNT equivalent
1326:, then the conversion to
1267:{\displaystyle E\simeq p}
171:when it moves through an
4456:minute and second of arc
3947:Baez, John (July 2012).
2921:grand unification energy
1077:energy–momentum relation
915:energy–momentum relation
251:high-energy astrophysics
229:. It is a commonly used
81:accelerating through an
4497:2019 revision of the SI
4071:Physical Review Letters
3265:the energy required to
1799:, mean decay length is
1603:mass–energy equivalence
1585:reduced Planck constant
1156:in natural units (with
512:mass–energy equivalence
111:2019 revision of the SI
3536:, at room temperature
3473:average kinetic energy
3430:
3386:
3338:
2822:
2643:Scattering experiments
2613:
2448:
2301:
2293:
2276:) at a temperature of
2208:
2040:
1809:, or a decay width of
1744:
1562:
1268:
1234:
1176:
1150:
1072:
1061:
1031:
1004:
973:
902:is numerically 1, the
806:, which makes the GeV/
769:, each with a mass of
757:
109:(symbol C). Under the
4028:Compact Muon Solenoid
3867:. hypertextbook.com.
3605: eV is equal to
3431:
3429:{\displaystyle E_{g}}
3387:
3385:{\displaystyle E_{g}}
3339:
3007:Large Hadron Collider
2671:
2614:
2449:
2299:
2291:
2246:As an approximation:
2209:
2041:
1745:
1563:
1269:
1235:
1177:
1151:
1062:
1060:{\displaystyle m_{0}}
1032:
1005:
974:
912:
758:
4398:Other accepted units
3436:required to break a
3413:
3392:required to break a
3369:
3308:
3297:1.65 to 3.26 eV
3250:inertial confinement
2879:nuclear weapon yield
2877:explosion (e.g. the
2751:extremely high freq.
2474:
2320:
2069:
1831:
1616:
1334:
1330:can be achieved by:
1252:
1242:Pythagorean equation
1186:
1160:
1082:
1044:
1021:
994:
981:Pythagorean equation
925:
840:atomic mass constant
799:are of the order of
575:
187:, multiplied by the
48:PEV (disambiguation)
44:TEV (disambiguation)
40:GEV (disambiguation)
36:KEV (disambiguation)
32:MEV (disambiguation)
4482:Conversion of units
4148:2016JPhCS.718b2013M
4093:2015PhRvL.114s1803A
4039:on 11 December 2013
3844:on 29 November 2007
3723:1983QJRAS..24...24B
3462:(sum of 3 flavors)
3454:upper bound on the
3044:elementary particle
2858:observable universe
2816:extremely low freq.
1774:. For example, the
1328:MKS system of units
1276:high-energy physics
1229:
1175:{\displaystyle c=1}
1135:
968:
297:is used, where the
77:gained by a single
4275:with special names
3826:""What is Light?""
3736:Gron Tudor Jones.
3426:
3382:
3334:
3329:
3204:, about twice the
2942:Oh-My-God particle
2823:
2677:energy of a photon
2664:Energy comparisons
2609:
2607:
2470:. This reduces to
2444:
2302:
2294:
2223:Boltzmann constant
2204:
2061:to convert to the
2059:Boltzmann constant
2036:
1822:meson oscillations
1740:
1607:scattering lengths
1558:
1319:of an electron is
1264:
1230:
1215:
1172:
1146:
1121:
1073:
1057:
1027:
1000:
969:
954:
861:931.4941 MeV/
753:
518:. It is common in
163:Definition and use
105:of an electron in
46:, and
4528:
4527:
4406:astronomical unit
4065:(26 March 2015).
3928:on 19 August 2014
3916:"Big Bang Energy"
3574:
3573:
3328:
2961:) in one second (
2821:
2820:
2716:FIR: far infrared
2699:MIR: mid-infrared
2600:
2572:
2566:
2502:
2496:
2442:
2371:
2365:
2351:
2312:, and wavelength
2199:
2192:
2186:
2176:
2173:
2150:
2141:
2118:
2112:
2097:
2022:
2009:
2003:
1993:
1969:
1963:
1947:
1937:
1916:
1910:
1898:
1874:
1868:
1855:
1844:
1720:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1664:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1553:
1543:
1533:
1509:
1499:
1496:
1486:
1465:
1459:
1447:
1429:
1405:
1399:
1350:
1030:{\displaystyle p}
1003:{\displaystyle E}
748:
724:
718:
708:
679:
673:
661:
646:
622:
616:
585:
499:
498:
332:SI value of unit
194: =
189:elementary charge
93:. When used as a
16:(Redirected from
4568:
4541:Particle physics
4518:
4517:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4187:
4168:
4167:
4141:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4104:
4086:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3886:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3843:
3830:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3742:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3648:
3596:
3594:
3583:Faraday constant
3561:
3543:
3534:
3516:
3508:room temperature
3504:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3469:
3456:rest mass energy
3451:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3406:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3362:
3346:visible spectrum
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3324:
3316:
3298:
3290:
3286:
3262:
3234:
3215:
3214:1 to 10 keV
3206:rest mass energy
3203:
3198:
3185:rest mass energy
3181:
3163:
3155:
3133:
3121:rest mass energy
3117:
3099:
3081:
3061:rest mass energy
3057:
3055:
3036:rest mass energy
3032:
3021:
3016:
3002:
2988:
2976:
2974:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2933:
2916:
2899:
2870:
2846:
2840:
2825:
2790:ultra high freq.
2771:super high freq.
2765:near ultraviolet
2685:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2601:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2570:
2564:
2559:
2551:
2541:
2534:
2521:
2520:
2500:
2494:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2409:
2402:
2390:
2389:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2279:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2259:
2242:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2190:
2184:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2116:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2084:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1967:
1961:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1914:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1872:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1835:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1783:
1782:
1773:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1718:
1717:
1716:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1677:
1673:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1600:
1577:particle physics
1567:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1507:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1463:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1403:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1364:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1325:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1197:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1129:
1117:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1093:
1066:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
987:where the total
978:
976:
975:
970:
967:
962:
950:
949:
937:
936:
878:
876:
871:
865:
835:
833:
831:
828:
825:
819:
805:
794:
783:
775:
762:
760:
759:
754:
749:
746:
743:
742:
722:
716:
709:
707:
706:
705:
696:
692:
677:
671:
663:
662:
659:
647:
644:
641:
640:
620:
614:
606:
601:
600:
591:
586:
583:
568:
544:
534:in vacuum (from
520:particle physics
495:
493:
490:
470:
468:
465:
445:
443:
439:
416:
414:
411:
408:
388:
386:
383:
380:
360:
357:
355:
352:
349:
323:
221:
219:
216:
213:
207:
205:
202:
199:
186:
154:
145:gains an energy
126:
124:
121:
118:
65:), also written
21:
18:Megaelectronvolt
4576:
4575:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4565:
4551:Units of energy
4531:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4506:
4487:Metric prefixes
4470:
4392:
4274:
4267:
4219:
4214:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4042:
4040:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4007:. 21 May 2014.
4003:
4002:
3998:
3989:
3987:
3979:
3978:
3974:
3964:
3962:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3931:
3929:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3899:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3874:
3872:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3841:
3828:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3809:
3807:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3749:
3747:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3694:
3692:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3665:
3663:
3650:
3649:
3640:
3635:
3623:
3592:
3590:
3579:
3557:
3551:
3541:
3530:
3524:
3514:
3500:
3494:
3486:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3467:
3449:
3416:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3360:
3317:
3306:
3305:
3296:
3288:
3284:
3270:atomic hydrogen
3260:
3254:nuclear weapons
3230:
3224:
3213:
3208:of an electron
3201:
3196:
3179:
3168:nuclear fission
3161:
3153:
3131:
3115:
3104:nuclear fission
3097:
3079:
3053:
3051:
3042:, the heaviest
3030:
3019:
3014:
3000:
2982:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2948:
2927:
2910:
2893:
2864:
2854:ordinary matter
2838:
2836:
2810:very high freq.
2796:super low freq.
2777:ultra-low freq.
2727:SX: soft X-rays
2666:
2645:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2606:
2605:
2560:
2549:
2548:
2509:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2460:Planck constant
2378:
2358:
2340:
2318:
2317:
2286:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2240:
2234:
2220:
2157:
2144:
2125:
2106:
2090:
2067:
2066:
2051:
2018:
1976:
1923:
1901:
1881:
1862:
1847:
1836:
1829:
1828:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1764:
1705:
1649:
1614:
1613:
1591:
1573:
1516:
1472:
1453:
1412:
1375:
1365:
1332:
1331:
1320:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1250:
1249:
1202:
1189:
1184:
1183:
1158:
1157:
1136:
1108:
1098:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1047:
1042:
1041:
1019:
1018:
992:
991:
941:
928:
923:
922:
894:in units of eV/
884:
879:
869:
867:
860:
858:
852:
848:
836:
829:
826:
823:
821:
814:
813:
800:
790:0.938 GeV/
789:
781:
771:0.511 MeV/
770:
731:
697:
664:
629:
607:
592:
573:
572:
563:
536:
508:
491:
488:
486:
466:
463:
461:
441:
437:
435:
432:
412:
409:
406:
404:
384:
381:
378:
376:
358:
353:
350:
347:
345:
321:
217:
214:
211:
209:
203:
200:
197:
195:
184:
165:
146:
140:electric charge
132:unit of measure
122:
119:
116:
114:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4574:
4572:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4533:
4532:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4293:degree Celsius
4290:
4285:
4279:
4277:
4273:Derived units
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4229:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4184:
4183:
4176:
4175:External links
4173:
4170:
4169:
4116:
4077:(19): 191803.
4050:
4014:
3996:
3972:
3939:
3906:
3881:
3863:Elert, Glenn.
3855:
3816:
3787:
3757:
3745:Indico.cern.ch
3728:
3701:
3672:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3619:
3578:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3555:
3547:thermal energy
3544:
3538:
3537:
3528:
3520:thermal energy
3517:
3511:
3510:
3498:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3452:
3445:
3444:
3423:
3419:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3379:
3375:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3333:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3313:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3238:nuclear fusion
3228:
3220:thermal energy
3216:
3210:
3209:
3202:0.1602 pJ
3199:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3138:nuclear fusion
3134:
3128:
3127:
3118:
3116:105.7 MeV
3112:
3111:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3058:
3048:
3047:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3020:0.1602 μJ
3017:
3011:
3010:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2979:
2978:
2959:LED light bulb
2955:
2945:
2944:
2934:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2907:
2906:
2900:
2890:
2889:
2871:
2861:
2860:
2847:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2819:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2760:
2759:
2757:very low freq.
2753:
2747:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2707:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2690:
2689:
2665:
2662:
2658:photoelectrons
2644:
2641:
2637:241.8 THz
2604:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2575:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2468:speed of light
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2285:
2282:
2250:
2232:
2218:
2203:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2167:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2075:
2055:plasma physics
2050:
2047:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2016:
2013:
2007:
1998:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1942:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1839:
1788:
1780:
1763:Γ (in eV) via
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1572:
1569:
1557:
1548:
1538:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1491:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1451:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1054:
1050:
1026:
999:
985:right triangle
966:
961:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
935:
931:
883:
880:
856:
851:
846:
812:
788:has a mass of
782:1.022 MeV
752:
741:
738:
734:
730:
727:
721:
715:
712:
704:
700:
695:
691:
687:
682:
676:
670:
667:
656:
653:
650:
639:
636:
632:
628:
625:
619:
613:
610:
604:
599:
595:
590:
580:
562:equivalent of
558:set to 1. The
532:speed of light
507:
504:
497:
496:
484:
478:
472:
471:
459:
453:
447:
446:
433:
430:
424:
418:
417:
415:10 kg·m/s
402:
396:
390:
389:
374:
368:
362:
361:
343:
340:
334:
333:
330:
327:
320:
317:
231:unit of energy
164:
161:
95:unit of energy
75:kinetic energy
27:Unit of energy
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4573:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4538:
4536:
4521:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4473:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4426:degree of arc
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4270:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4191:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4174:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4132:(2): 022013.
4131:
4127:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3950:
3943:
3940:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3917:
3910:
3907:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3827:
3820:
3817:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3702:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3474:
3471:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3421:
3417:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3377:
3373:
3364:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3304:
3303:photon energy
3300:
3295:
3294:
3282:
3278:
3277:bond energies
3275:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3227:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3132:17.6 MeV
3130:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2980:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2904:Planck energy
2901:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2785:
2784:visible light
2782:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2743:EUV: extreme
2742:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2650:scintillation
2642:
2640:
2635:or frequency
2627:. Similarly,
2602:
2597:
2585:
2573:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2545:
2542:
2531:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2439:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2399:
2386:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2344:
2341:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2298:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2258:0.025 eV
2255:
2249:
2244:
2238:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2217:
2201:
2193:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2091:
2086:
2073:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2048:
2046:
2033:
2028:
2025:
2014:
1996:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1940:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1837:
1825:
1823:
1818:
1806:459.7 μm
1803:
1798:
1794:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:mean lifetime
1750:
1737:
1729:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1670:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1622:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1568:
1555:
1546:
1536:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1440:
1434:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1313:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1070:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1024:
1017:
1013:
997:
990:
986:
982:
964:
959:
955:
951:
946:
942:
938:
933:
929:
920:
919:natural units
916:
911:
907:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
881:
875:
864:
855:
850:
845:
841:
818:
811:
809:
804:
798:
793:
787:
784:of energy. A
779:
774:
768:
763:
750:
739:
736:
732:
728:
725:
719:
713:
710:
702:
689:
680:
674:
668:
654:
651:
637:
634:
630:
626:
623:
617:
611:
602:
597:
593:
588:
578:
570:
567:
561:
557:
553:
552:natural units
549:
545:
543:
539:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
505:
503:
485:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
460:
457:
454:
452:
449:
448:
434:
429:
425:
423:
420:
419:
403:
401:
397:
395:
392:
391:
375:
373:
369:
367:
364:
363:
344:
341:
339:
336:
335:
331:
328:
325:
324:
318:
316:
314:
310:
307:. The symbol
306:
305:
300:
296:
293:, the symbol
292:
291:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
256:
252:
249:physics, and
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
223:
193:
190:
182:
178:
174:
170:
162:
160:
158:
153:
149:
144:
141:
137:
133:
128:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
71:electron volt
68:
67:electron-volt
64:
60:
56:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4431:electronvolt
4430:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4074:
4070:
4053:
4041:. Retrieved
4037:the original
4026:
4017:
3999:
3988:. Retrieved
3984:
3975:
3963:. Retrieved
3952:
3942:
3930:. Retrieved
3926:the original
3919:
3909:
3898:. Retrieved
3884:
3873:. Retrieved
3858:
3846:. Retrieved
3839:the original
3832:
3819:
3808:. Retrieved
3799:
3790:
3778:. Retrieved
3769:
3760:
3748:. Retrieved
3744:
3731:
3714:
3710:
3704:
3693:. Retrieved
3684:
3675:
3664:. Retrieved
3655:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3586:
3580:
3577:Molar energy
3558:
3552:
3542:230 μeV
3531:
3525:
3501:
3495:
3450:120 meV
3405:720 meV
3261:13.6 eV
3231:
3225:
3218:approximate
3180:1.9 MeV
3154:0.41 PJ
3098:200 MeV
3080:210 MeV
3056:0.2 GeV
3031:172 GeV
2975:10 eV/s
2919:approximate
2886:fission bomb
2721:medium freq.
2672:
2646:
2633:1240 nm
2625:2.33 eV
2463:
2455:
2313:
2309:
2308:, frequency
2305:
2303:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2229:
2227:
2215:
2063:Kelvin scale
2052:
1826:
1819:
1801:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1751:
1611:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1284:
1279:
1074:
1067:are the two
903:
899:
895:
887:
885:
873:
862:
853:
843:
837:
816:
807:
802:
791:
772:
764:
571:
565:
555:
548:unit of mass
541:
537:
527:
523:
509:
500:
480:
455:
427:
399:
371:
312:
308:
302:
298:
294:
288:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
224:
191:
166:
156:
151:
147:
142:
129:
70:
66:
62:
59:electronvolt
58:
52:
3932:26 December
3780:13 February
3595: C⋅mol
3515:25 meV
3468:38 meV
3361:1.1 eV
3279:are on the
3065:Higgs boson
3001:14 TeV
2967:10 J/s
2850:mass-energy
2745:ultraviolet
2731:radio waves
2621:532 nm
2304:The energy
2241:15 keV
2049:Temperature
1797:picoseconds
1761:decay width
1321:1 GeV/
815:1 GeV/
801:1 GeV/
422:temperature
301:stands for
255:SI prefixes
235:solid state
183:, which is
4535:Categories
4225:Base units
4139:1605.01579
4084:1503.07589
4023:"Glossary"
3990:2024-06-06
3985:EnergySage
3900:2010-10-16
3892:. Vlf.it.
3875:2016-07-30
3848:7 February
3810:2024-05-18
3806:. May 2024
3695:2024-05-18
3691:. May 2024
3666:2024-05-18
3662:. May 2024
3633:References
3448:<
3289:10 eV
3197:1 MeV
3162:2 MeV
3152:; this is
3015:1 TeV
2949:62.4
2894:12.2
2865:52.5
2802:NIR: near
2704:high freq.
2695:gamma rays
2284:Wavelength
2278:20 °C
2271:11604 K/eV
2239:plasma is
1815:10 eV
1012:hypotenuse
872: GeV/
832:10 kg
778:annihilate
564:1 eV/
387:10 kg
185:1 J/C
4368:steradian
4283:becquerel
4043:18 August
3563:, at the
3460:neutrinos
3442:germanium
3326:λ
3301:range of
3291:per bond
3285:1 eV
3274:molecular
3142:deuterium
3040:top quark
2963:10 W
2928:300
2737:low freq.
2710:HX: hard
2681:rest mass
2654:phototube
2629:1 eV
2598:λ
2586:⋅
2546:ν
2543:×
2515:−
2507:×
2440:λ
2411:×
2384:−
2376:×
2349:λ
2333:ν
2256:is about
2172: J/K
2163:−
2155:×
2131:−
2123:×
2026:−
2015:8065.5439
2012:≈
1997:⋅
1982:−
1974:×
1953:×
1921:×
1887:−
1879:×
1811:4.302(25)
1730:⋅
1711:−
1703:×
1671:⋅
1655:−
1647:×
1620:ℏ
1537:⋅
1522:−
1514:×
1470:×
1435:×
1418:−
1410:×
1389:×
1373:×
1259:≃
1246:rest mass
1039:rest mass
859:= 1 Da =
780:to yield
737:−
729:×
652:×
635:−
627:×
494:10 m
469:10 s
356:10 J
220:10 J
206:10 C
125:10 J
4561:Electron
4520:Category
4475:See also
4248:kilogram
4217:SI units
4164:56355240
4111:26024162
4009:Archived
3959:Archived
3894:Archived
3869:Archived
3774:Archived
3621:See also
3589:≈
3440:bond in
3438:covalent
3396:bond in
3394:covalent
3189:up quark
3148:to form
3024:mosquito
2911:10
2841:10
2804:infrared
1583:and the
1571:Distance
1016:momentum
1014:and the
892:momentum
882:Momentum
767:positron
560:kilogram
526:, where
476:distance
394:momentum
326:Quantity
290:Bevatron
280:(10) or
247:particle
169:electron
107:coulombs
79:electron
61:(symbol
4556:Voltage
4436:hectare
4421:decibel
4363:sievert
4358:siemens
4288:coulomb
4238:candela
4144:Bibcode
4089:Bibcode
3965:19 July
3719:Bibcode
3490:
3478:
3409:energy
3398:silicon
3365:energy
3146:tritium
3106:of one
3088:of one
3086:fission
3073:5 sigma
3063:of the
3038:of the
2993:IceCube
2983:2
2883:Fat Man
2881:of the
2856:in the
2852:of all
2831:Source
2688:Legend
2568:239.841
2466:is the
2458:is the
2274:
2262:
2221:is the
2198: K
2188:604.518
2140: J
1010:is the
979:, is a
797:hadrons
530:is the
444: K
359:
304:billion
243:nuclear
227:SI unit
175:of one
85:of one
55:physics
4451:minute
4411:dalton
4353:radian
4348:pascal
4338:newton
4263:second
4243:kelvin
4233:ampere
4162:
4109:
3750:5 June
3717:: 24.
3569:kelvin
3354:violet
3267:ionize
3174:atom.
3110:atom.
3090:Pu-239
2936:first
2828:Energy
2712:X-rays
2675:. The
2571:
2565:
2501:
2495:
2454:where
2370:
2364:
2214:where
2191:
2185:
2149:
2117:
2111:
1968:
1962:
1915:
1909:
1873:
1867:
1719:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1663:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1508:
1464:
1458:
1404:
1398:
989:energy
786:proton
776:, can
723:
717:
678:
672:
621:
615:
338:energy
276:(10),
272:(10),
268:(10),
264:(10),
260:(10),
258:milli-
239:atomic
103:charge
99:joules
91:vacuum
42:,
38:,
34:,
4466:tonne
4461:neper
4446:litre
4388:weber
4373:tesla
4328:lumen
4323:katal
4318:joule
4313:hertz
4308:henry
4298:farad
4253:metre
4160:S2CID
4134:arXiv
4079:arXiv
4059:ATLAS
3842:(PDF)
3829:(PDF)
3741:(PDF)
3348:from
3281:order
3236:, in
3172:U-235
3123:of a
3108:U-235
3092:atom
3052:125.1
2814:ELF:
2808:VHF:
2794:SLF:
2788:UHF:
2775:ULF:
2769:SHF:
2763:NUV:
2755:VLF:
2749:EHF:
2492:4.135
2361:4.135
2265:290 K
2146:1.380
2108:1.602
1864:1.602
1793:meson
1682:6.582
1626:1.054
1505:5.344
1395:1.602
1240:is a
868:0.931
822:1.782
714:1.782
612:1.602
554:with
487:1.973
462:6.582
405:5.344
377:1.782
346:1.602
278:peta-
274:tera-
270:giga-
266:mega-
262:kilo-
210:1.602
196:1.602
115:1.602
57:, an
4441:hour
4383:watt
4378:volt
4303:gray
4258:mole
4107:PMID
4045:2014
4033:CERN
3967:2012
3954:DESY
3934:2016
3921:NASA
3850:2014
3804:NIST
3782:2011
3752:2022
3689:NIST
3660:NIST
3252:and
3150:He-4
3144:and
3125:muon
2971:6.24
2902:the
2735:LF:
2719:MF:
2702:HF:
2228:The
1959:6.62
1906:2.99
1765:Γ =
1455:2.99
1075:The
1069:legs
1037:and
913:The
870:4941
838:The
569:is:
516:mass
506:Mass
451:time
440:.518
366:mass
329:Unit
282:exa-
245:and
181:volt
177:volt
87:volt
69:and
4416:day
4343:ohm
4333:lux
4152:doi
4130:718
4097:doi
4075:114
4063:CMS
3593:485
3458:of
3352:to
3350:red
3344:of
3287:to
3283:of
3242:sun
3187:of
3140:of
3069:LHC
2693:γ:
2504:696
2498:667
2423:458
2419:792
2415:299
2373:696
2367:667
2260:(≈
2152:649
2120:634
2114:176
1971:015
1965:607
1918:458
1912:792
1876:634
1870:176
1700:509
1694:569
1688:119
1644:646
1638:817
1632:571
1599:= 1
1575:In
1511:286
1467:458
1461:792
1407:634
1401:176
1349:GeV
1274:in
917:in
824:661
720:661
681:458
675:792
669:299
624:634
618:176
510:By
483:/eV
464:119
458:/eV
438:604
426:eV/
407:285
398:eV/
379:661
370:eV/
351:634
348:176
313:GeV
309:BeV
295:BeV
215:634
212:176
201:634
198:176
120:634
117:176
89:in
53:In
4537::
4158:.
4150:.
4142:.
4128:.
4105:.
4095:.
4087:.
4073:.
4069:.
4061:;
4031:.
4025:.
3983:.
3957:.
3951:.
3918:.
3831:.
3802:.
3798:.
3768:.
3743:.
3715:24
3713:.
3687:.
3683:.
3658:.
3654:.
3641:^
3617:.
3591:96
3549:,
3522:,
3475:,
3272:;
3248:,
3244:,
3222:,
2987:eV
2977:)
2969:≈
2965:=
2953:eV
2932:eV
2915:eV
2898:eV
2888:)
2869:eV
2845:eV
2683:.
2639:.
2574:98
2518:15
2511:10
2462:,
2387:15
2380:10
2280:.
2225:.
2194:12
2182:11
2166:23
2159:10
2134:19
2127:10
2065::
2021:cm
1985:34
1978:10
1936:cm
1929:10
1925:10
1890:19
1883:10
1843:eV
1817:.
1804:=
1802:cτ
1714:16
1707:10
1658:34
1651:10
1595:=
1532:kg
1525:19
1518:10
1474:10
1421:19
1414:10
1377:10
1282:.
1182:)
921:,
866:=
827:92
820:=
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740:36
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