372:
Africa to serve in other colonies or aboard ships operating in other colonies could qualify for the medal as long as their total, nonconsecutive service in
Italian East Africa totaled two years and they did not receive an assignment in Italy itself prior to completion of the nonconsecutive total of two years of service. In addition, personnel who spent at least two years assigned to Italian colonies in Africa at least one year of which was in Eritrea or Italian Somaliland also qualified for the medal. For personnel sent from Eritrea or Italian Somaliland to Libya, the two-year rule applied as of 1 February 1912.
677:
125:
54:
355:("Royal Air Force") in 1927 — in one of the African campaigns or "in a territory in the zone of Italian influence in Africa." Civilians who served in the colonial government for a minimum of one year, increased to two years in 1906, also qualified for the medal. In 1923, the requirement was modified to grant eligibility to personnel who served in one or more military campaigns in
663:
641:("Northern Somalia 1925–27") to recognize service in the cycle of military operations for the effective occupation of the territories of northern Italian Somaliland between 23 September 1925 and 27 February 1927, regardless of the time required to be entitled to the medal and the recognition of service in military campaigns.
371:
that were protectorates of Italy, as well as to personnel who took part in exploration, reconnaissance, or military expeditions under the authority of the colonial government beyond the boundaries of the colony itself. Under the 1923 decree, personnel who interrupted their service in
Italian East
263:
modified the original legislation establishing the medal with Royal Decree Number 562 of 5 October 1906 and then again with Royal Decree Number 2067 of 27 August 1923. Given the lack of combat actions in
Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in the years since the original decree and the involvement of
529:
personnel, officials of the central and colonial governments, and
Italian citizens sent to a territory in the Italian zone of influence in Africa, or who carried out exploration, reconnaissance, or missions recognized as important for Italian interests and for the proper functioning of colonial
557:
to Italy under terms of a convention dated 15 July 1924 — during the period between Italy's first occupation of Oltre Giuba on 29 June 1925 and 30 June 1926, when Oltre Giuba was annexed to
Italian Somaliland, regardless of the time limits established by the 1894
324:
The various decrees establishing and modifying eligibility for the medal led to a lengthy and complicated set of eligibility requirements. As requirements evolved over time from the originally prescribed eligibility of 1894 and modifications were promulgated in 1906, 1923, and 1927, personnel
530:
services, even if the time spent was less than two years. In 1923 the phrase "in a territory in the zone of
Italian influence in Africa" was replaced by the phrase "in the territory of the Italian colonies of East Africa or in the other territories specified under the previous letter a)."
378:
Held the office of governor; "second commander" (changed to "deputy governor" in 1906 and to "general secretary" in 1923); "higher commander of the troops" (changed to "commander of the troops" in 1923); or "maritime commander" (changed to "senior naval commander" in 1923).
650:
The medal was worn on the left side of the chest. Originally, the ribbon was not to be worn without the medal, but Royal Decree Number 562 of 1906 authorized wearing the ribbon alone on the ordinary uniform authorized by Royal Decree Number 470 of 1906.
817:
Aggiornamento del R. decreto 27 aprile 1936-XIV, n. 1150, e del R. decreto-legge 23 luglio 1936-XIV, n. 1584, riguardanti la concessione della medaglia commemorativa delle operazioni militari in Africa
Orientale
522:) of Eritrea and Italian Somaliland, hired native bands, or other irregular forces qualified for the medal only if they took part in at least one of the armed incidents mentioned in sections d) or f) above.
565:
were applicable to this medal in relation to cases in which the right to wear it was lost or suspended. The ministerial instructions on how to request authorization to wear the medal were published in the
558:
founding decree. Those who were already authorized to wear the commemorative medal for other reasons could wear a clasp recognizing duty in Oltre Giuba in lieu of an additional award of the medal itself.
240:
with Royal Decree Number 463 of 3 November 1894 to recognize personnel who had taken part in the various military campaigns carried out by Italy during its first attempts at colonial expansion in
17:
820:("Update of the R. decree 27 April 1936-XIV, n. 1150, and of the Royal Decree-Law of 23 July 1936-XIV, n. 1584, concerning the granting of the commemorative medal for military operations in
305:
219:
147:
841:("Which brings an addition to letter c) of the art. 5 of that dated 3 November 1894 No. 463, which establishes a medal in memory of the African campaigns"), published in the
507:
on 27 March 1916, or the cycle of military operations for the effective occupation of the territories of northern
Italian Somaliland between 23 September 1925 and 27 February 1927.
280:
of 1911–1912, the 1923 decree in particular expanded the geographic eligibility for the medal to parts of Africa outside of
Eritrea and Italian Somaliland and renamed it the
619:
Various clasps were authorized for wear with the medal to indicate specific campaigns and actions in which the wearer participated. These included, but were not limited to:
533:
In 1927 the authorization to wear the medal also was granted to civilian and provisional military personnel, to military personnel belonging to the
Italian Army or the
877:("Modification to the instructions for the execution of the R. Decree of 3 November 1894, No. 463 which established the African medal"), published in the
802:("Faculty to bear the commemorative medal with the motto 'African Campaign' to personnel who took part in the effective occupation Beyond Juba"), published in the
927:
549:, and to indigenous military personnel and non-military personnel assigned to civil services who had served, for no less than three months, in the territory of
300:
With Royal Decree Number 2463 of 10 May 1937, Victor Emmanuel III replaced the medal, with effect backdated to 3 October 1935 (the first day of the
800:
Facoltà di fregiarsi della medaglia commemorativa col motto «Campagna d'Africa» al personale che ha preso parte alla occupazione effettiva dell'Oltre Giuba
157:
839:
Che porta un'aggiunta alla lettera c) dell'art. 5 di quello in data 3 novembre 1894 n. 463, che istituisce una medaglia a ricordo delle campagne d'Africa
776:("Amendments to the Royal Decree of 3 November 1894 No. 463, concerning the awarding of the medal with the motto 'African Campaign»'"), published in the
995:
595:
of King Umberto I looking to the right, which remained unchanged after Victor Emmanuel III became king in 1900. The reverse has the inscription
1005:
990:
937:
Le Medaglie al Valore, al Merito e Commemorative – Militari e Civili nei Regni di Sardegna, d'Italia e nella Repubblica Italiana – 1793–1976
392:
212:). In 1927, the medal's applicability again was expanded to additional geographical areas of service, and eligibility for it extended to
1000:
210:
Medaglia a ricordo delle campagne e del servizio prestato nelle colonie italiane dell'Africa Orientale e nelle relative zone d'influenza
953:
627:("1887 Expedition"), authorized along with the creation of the medal itself in the 1894 decree but abolished by the decree of 1906.
287:
With Royal Decree Number 1898 of 1927, Victor Emmanuel III further expanded geographic eligibility for the medal for operations in
282:
Medal in Memory of the Campaigns and Service Provided in the Italian Colonies of East Africa and in the Related Areas of Influence
202:
Medal in Memory of the Campaigns and Service Provided in the Italian Colonies of East Africa and in the Related Areas of Influence
43:
Medal in Memory of the Campaigns and Service Provided in the Italian Colonies of East Africa and in the Related Areas of Influence
18:
Medal in Memory of the Campaigns and Service Provided in the Italian Colonies of East Africa and in the Related Areas of Influence
1010:
511:
774:
Modificazioni al R. decreto 3 novembre 1894 n. 463, riguardante il conferimento della medaglia col motto «Campagna d'Africa»
1020:
748:("concerning the modifications and additions to Royal Decree no. 463 of 3 November 1894"), 5 October 1906, published in
574:("Rules for the granting of the African medal") published in the Official Journal Number 161 of 9 July 1896.
325:
qualified for the medal if they met any one of the following criteria, labeled "a" through "f" in the various decrees:
1015:
875:
Modificazione alle istruzioni per l'esecuzione del R. decreto 3 novembre 1894, n. 463 che istituì la medaglia d'Africa
260:
301:
561:
The provisions of Article 22 of the Royal Decree of 28 September 1855 on the reorganization of the
400:
396:
456:
431:
Took part honorably in one of the following military events in Eritrea or Italian Somaliland: In Eritrea, the
562:
444:
385:
Took part in the 1887 expedition, changed in 1906 to "expedition embarked in January 1885," without clasp.
894:("Replacement of articles in the decrees concerning medals and commemorative crosses"), published in the
504:
484:
946:
Duecento anni di medaglie. I segni del valore e della partecipazione ad eventi storici dal 1793 al 1993
500:
480:
472:
197:, the medal's applicability was extended in 1906 and 1923 to include additional service in the region.
492:
488:
496:
476:
448:
440:
724:("Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy") No. 263 of 9 November 1894 (in Italian).
821:
634:("Trans-Juba") for service in Oltre Juba between 29 June 1925 and 30 June 1926.
356:
288:
190:
921:
452:
332:
253:
233:
570:
Number 284 of 4 December 1894, updated in 1895, and repealed and replaced by the
363:
personnel stationed ashore or aboard ships operating there — and to personnel who served in the
124:
949:
881:("Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy") No. 288 of 7 December 1895, p. 6450 (in Italian).
460:
351:
293:
277:
214:
592:
538:
515:
468:
436:
336:
309:
205:
178:
170:
86:
464:
249:
828:("Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy") Number 36 of 14 February 1938 (in Italian).
806:("Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy") Number 244 of 21 October 1927 (in Italian).
780:("Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy") Number 246 of 19 October 1923 (in Italian).
752:("Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy") Number 262 of 10 November 1906 (in Italian)
898:("Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy") Number 204 of 31 August 1906 (in Italian).
554:
432:
414:
265:
186:
53:
984:
845:("Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy") Number 150 of 26 June 1896 (in Italian).
682:
600:
273:
269:
230:
892:
Sostituzione di articoli ai decreti riguardanti le medaglie e le croci commemorative
865:("Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy") Number 154 of 2 July 1895 (in Italian).
316:), without prejudice to the rights of those who already had been awarded the medal.
668:
345:
861:("Which concerns the medal in memory of the African campaigns"), published in the
591:
disc with a diameter of 32 millimetres (1.26 in). The obverse depicts a half
746:
Riguardante le modificazioni ed aggiunte al R. decreto n. 463 del 3 novembre 1894
550:
546:
404:
245:
194:
76:
264:
Italian forces based in those colonies in conflicts elsewhere in the expanding
658:
291:
and for the first time extended eligibility for the medal to personnel of the
364:
720:("Establishing a medal in memory of the African campaigns"), published in
368:
359:
or served for two continuous years in Italian East Africa — including
588:
418:
241:
182:
314:
Medaglia commemorativa delle operazioni militari in Africa Orientale
422:
611:
The 33-millimetre (1.3 in) ribbon is red with blue edges.
537:, to personnel of the Voluntary Militia for National Security (
218:("Royal Air Force") personnel for the first time. In 1937, the
181:
for personnel who took part in Italian military operations in
976:(in Italian). Uffici storici Esercito – Marina – Aeronautica.
718:
Che istituisce una medaglia a ricordo delle campagne d'Africa
859:
Che concerne la medaglia a ricordo delle campagne d'Africa
306:
Commemorative Medal for Military Operations in East Africa
220:
Commemorative Medal for Military Operations in East Africa
148:
Commemorative Medal for Military Operations in East Africa
974:
Le decorazioni del Regno di Sardegna e del Regno d'Italia
716:
Royal Decree No. 463 of 3 November 1894,
244:
between 1887 and 1896, which led to the creation of the
331:
Served in, or as a civilian in support of, the Italian
471:
on 13 and 14 January 1895; in Italian Somaliland, the
391:
Took part in the expeditions of 1887–1888 during the
297:("Royal Air Force"), which had been founded in 1923.
222:
replaced it, with the replacement backdated to 1935.
525:
Also qualifying for the medal were Italian Army and
153:
143:
138:
118:
110:
100:
92:
82:
71:
63:
37:
972:Scarpa, Costantino; Sézanne, Paolo (1982–1985).
572:Norme per la concessione della medaglia d'Africa
413:Took part in expeditions for the occupation of
177:) was a decoration established in 1894 by the
175:Medaglia commemorativa delle campagne d'Africa
543:Milizia volontaria per la sicurezza nazionale
8:
853:
851:
798:Royal Decree Number 1898 of 12 August 1927,
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
772:Royal Decree Number 2067 of 27 August 1923,
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
740:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
238:Commemorative Medal of the African Campaigns
167:Commemorative Medal of the African Campaigns
38:Commemorative Medal of the African Campaigns
948:(in Italian). Hobby & Work Publishing.
158:Commemorative Medal of the Spanish Campaign
926:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
914:Le medaglie italiane negli ultimi 200 anni
34:
815:Royal Decree Number 2463 of 10 May 1937,
599:("African Campaigns"), surrounded by two
483:(or Turunley) on 9–10 February 1907, the
349:("Royal Navy") — expanded to include the
857:Royal Decree Number 374 of 20 June 1895
568:Official Gazette of the Kingdom of Italy
700:
967:(in Italian). Padua: Bolzonella s.n.c.
919:
890:Royal Decree No. 470 of 29 July 1906,
837:Royal Decree No. 231 of 21 June 1896,
896:Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia
879:Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia
863:Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia
843:Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia
826:Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia
804:Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia
778:Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia
750:Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia
722:Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno d'Italia
272:during and since Italy's conquest of
7:
395:, the 1895–1896 campaign during the
193:. As the Italian Empire expanded in
106:(effective 3 October 1935)
399:, or the 1897 campaign against the
25:
675:
661:
393:Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889
123:
52:
996:1937 disestablishments in Italy
189:began its expansion during the
104:Abolished 10 May 1937
96:Military and civilian personnel
75:Service in Italian colonies in
965:Guerre e decorazioni 1848-1945
912:Brambilla, Alessandro (1997).
639:Somalia Settentrionale 1925–27
553:("Trans-Juba") — ceded by the
520:Regi corpi di truppe coloniali
512:Royal Corps of Colonial Troops
1:
1006:Awards disestablished in 1937
185:between 1887 and 1896 as the
991:1894 establishments in Italy
467:on 19 December 1894, or the
939:(in Italian). Milan: I.D.L.
510:Indigenous soldiers of the
200:In 1923 it was renamed the
1037:
1001:Awards established in 1894
963:Morittu, Giuseppe (1982).
503:on 23 September 1908, the
499:on 24 September 1908, the
479:on 26–27 August 1905, the
302:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
744:Royal Decree Number 562,
487:on 15 December 1907, the
475:on 25 November 1896, the
459:on 21 December 1893, the
451:on 22 February 1891, the
397:First Italo-Ethiopian War
134:
122:
58:The obverse of the medal.
51:
603:in the form of a crown.
587:The medal consists of a
495:on 11–12 July 1908, the
457:Second Battle of Agordat
439:on 26 January 1887, the
435:on 25 January 1887, the
1011:Italian campaign medals
944:Manno, Roberto (1995).
935:Ercoli, Ercole (1976).
563:Military Order of Savoy
445:First Battle of Agordat
542:
519:
443:on 5 August 1888, the
340:
313:
209:
174:
27:Italian military award
491:on 2 March 1908, the
463:on 17 July 1894, the
455:on 16 June 1892, the
447:on 27 June 1890, the
916:(in Italian). Milan.
545:or MVSN), i.e., the
441:Battle of Segheneyti
1021:Victor Emmanuel III
822:Italian East Africa
505:Battle of Buloburti
421:in August 1889, or
357:Italian East Africa
289:Italian East Africa
261:Victor Emmanuel III
191:Scramble for Africa
129:Ribbon of the medal
67:Commemorative medal
1016:Umberto I of Italy
637:A clasp inscribed
630:A clasp inscribed
623:A clasp inscribed
485:Battle of Bagallei
453:Battle of Serobeti
254:Italian Somaliland
144:Next (higher)
824:"), published in
597:Campagne d'Africa
501:Battle of Bullalo
481:Battle of Dhanane
473:Battle of Lafoole
461:Battle of Kassala
425:in January 1890.
352:Regia Aeronautica
294:Regia Aeronautica
278:Italo-Turkish War
215:Regia Aeronautica
163:
162:
154:Next (lower)
16:(Redirected from
1028:
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968:
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664:
493:Battle of Mellet
489:Battle of Dongab
469:Battle of Coatit
437:Battle of Dogali
236:established the
179:Kingdom of Italy
127:
87:Kingdom of Italy
56:
47:
35:
21:
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625:Spedizione 1887
617:
609:
601:laurel branches
585:
580:
497:Battle of Arare
477:Battle of Gelib
465:Battle of Halai
449:Battle of Halat
322:
228:
130:
114:3 November 1894
105:
59:
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433:Siege of Saati
417:in June 1889,
341:Regio Esercito
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683:Africa portal
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83:Presented by
29:
632:Oltre Giuba
551:Oltre Giuba
547:Blackshirts
405:Mahdist War
403:during the
195:East Africa
111:Established
93:Eligibility
77:East Africa
72:Awarded for
46:(1923–1935)
40:(1894–1923)
985:Categories
690:References
578:Appearance
365:sultanates
333:Royal Army
320:Eligibiity
139:Precedence
922:cite book
695:Citations
401:Dervishes
234:Umberto I
818:Italiana
655:See also
246:colonies
539:Italian
516:Italian
369:Somalia
337:Italian
310:Italian
276:in the
250:Eritrea
226:History
206:Italian
171:Italian
952:
615:Clasps
607:Ribbon
589:bronze
419:Asmara
242:Africa
183:Africa
101:Status
583:Medal
423:Adowa
415:Keren
343:) or
270:Libya
259:King
32:Award
950:ISBN
928:link
646:Wear
593:bust
252:and
231:King
165:The
64:Type
367:of
248:of
987::
924:}}
920:{{
850:^
785:^
757:^
729:^
703:^
541::
518::
429:f)
411:e)
407:.
389:d)
383:c)
376:b)
339::
329:a)
312::
284:.
256:.
208::
173::
958:.
930:)
514:(
335:(
308:(
204:(
169:(
20:)
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