977:
233:
276:
155:
248:
205:
890:. This too was ineffective; the straits were too wide and deep for such a barrage to be successful, and consumed a huge effort and tied up many of the patrol vessels the Allies possessed. It also acted as a target for surface attacks, being the aim of a number of raids by KuK forces. Just two U-boats were caught in the barrage in all the time it was in operation; meanwhile the merchant ships continued to suffer huge losses. In 1916, the Allies lost 415 ships, of 1,045,058 long tons (1,061,828 t), ½ of all allied ships sunk in all theatres.
262:
219:
917:. Haus and the German delegates finally won the debate, partly by listing several instances where Allied submarines had sunk unarmed Austro-Hungarian ships in the Adriatic. The negotiations over the terms of the new Mediterranean submarine campaign were aided by the fact that Italy had declared war on Germany on 28 August 1916, making it no longer necessary for German U-boats to masquerade as Austrian vessels when attacking Italian shipping.
290:
33:
976:
791:
home waters, but it seemed justified by the successes in the
Mediterranean in November, when 44 ships were sunk, for a total of 155,882 long tons (158,383 t). The total in December fell to 17 ships (73,741 long tons (74,924 t)) which was still over ½ the total tonnage sunk in all theatres of operation at the time.
779:—sailed for Cattaro. Since Germany was not yet at war with Italy, even though Austria was, the German submarines were ordered to refrain from attacking Italian shipping in the eastern Mediterranean where the Italians might expect hostile action only from German submarines. When operating in the west, up to the line of
994:
Throughout the year U-boats were still able to find and sink ships sailing independently. By 1918, however, the U-boats' successes began to drop. In
January 1918, German U-boats sank 103,738 long tons (105,403 t) and the Austrians sank a further 20,020 long tons (20,340 t) while two Pola boats were sunk.
1011:
By
October 1918, the end of the campaign, Allied losses for the year stood at 761,000 long tons (773,000 t). The Pola Flotilla had lost 11 boats, and the KuK a further 3. In October, the Central Powers were on the verge of collapse; Bulgaria and the Ottomans had sued for peace, and the Austrians
920:
Shipping losses to U-boats reached a peak in April 1917, when the
Central Powers had 28 boats operating, with as many as 10 at sea at any one time. While not a single submarine was sunk, they caused 94 ship losses in that one month, and severely endangered and delayed shipping. However, by that time,
790:
submarines would be ideal for
Mediterranean service. Since these were too large to be shipped in sections by rail to Pola like the Type UB I, the materials for their construction and German workers to assemble them were sent instead. This meant a shortage of workers to complete U-boats for service in
929:
Beginning in April 1917, Japan, an ally of Great
Britain, sent a total of 14 destroyers to the Mediterranean with cruiser flagships which were based at Malta and played an important part in escorting convoys to guard them against enemy submarines. The Japanese ships were very effective in patrol and
617:
on 25 and 27 May respectively on her way to
Constantinople, but ran into severe limitations in the Dardanelles, where swarms of small craft and extensive anti-submarine netting and booms restricted their movements. In addition, the Germans dispatched a number of UB and UC type boats; these were sent
885:
During 1916, the commerce war continued unabated. Allied countermeasures were largely ineffective; the complex arrangements for co-operation between the various navies meant a fragmented and unco-ordinated response, while the main remedy favoured by the Allies for the U-boat menace was to establish
540:
The initial phase of the U-boat campaign in the
Mediterranean comprised the actions by the KuK's U-boat force against the French. At the start of hostilities, the KuK had seven U-boats in commission; five operational, and two training; all were of the coastal type, with limited range and endurance,
993:
in May 1917, the Allies were unable to introduce a comprehensive system until later in the year. The number of routes, and divided responsibilities, made this complicated, while a continued belief in offensive measures, such as the
Otranto Barrage, kept up a shortage of escort ships elsewhere.
725:
s war on Allied commerce; a significant proportion of
British imports passed through it, it was critical to French and Italian trade, and submarines would be able to operate effectively in it even in the northern-hemisphere autumn and winter, when poor weather hampered naval operations in the
997:
Allied losses continued to fall during the year, while U-boat losses mounted. In May 1918, Allied losses dropped below 100,000 long tons (100,000 t) and did not rise above this again, while the Pola Flotilla lost four boats, its worst month of the war.
691:), the Germans deciding to make use of Austrian bases rather than Constantinople, since there were better supply and repair facilities in the Adriatic and it avoided submarines having to negotiate the dangerous passage through the Dardanelles. In August,
876:
harbor. Italian divers inspected the wreck and established her identity. The knowledge that Germany—technically their ally—was assiduously mining their naval bases was a contributing factor in Italy's decision in May 1916 to declare war on Germany.
659:
minelaying submarines, which were ordered converted into transports to carry small quantities of critical supplies to Turkey. However, the UB submarines were hindered by their short operational range and the Dardanelles currents, and in July
1631:
984:
unter Kapitänleutnant Wolfgang Steinbauer (1888–1978) dringt am 29 April 1918 in den italienischen Hafen Carloforte ein und zerstört den britischen Dampfer KINGSTONIAN, zwei britische Bergungsdampfer und eine französische
707:
stationed at Cattaro, following pleas from the German military attaché in Constantinople, who reported that the Royal Navy's close naval support was inflicting heavy losses on Turkish forces at the Gallipoli beachheads.
325:
2507:
559:, Admiral Lapeyrere's flagship. She was saved from sinking, but was forced to retire with a damaged bow. This setback dissuaded the French capital ships from penetrating too far into the Adriatic. On 27 April 1915,
1012:
were about to do the same. The Germans elected to abandon the Mediterranean; nine U-boats sailed from their bases on the Adriatic to return to Germany and a further ten boats were scuttled. Two ships—
783:, the German U-boats flew the Austrian flag, and a sinking without warning policy was adopted, since large merchant ships could be attacked on the suspicion of being transports or auxiliary cruisers.
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50:
318:
1057:
Most of the German (and all of the Austro-Hungarian) U-boats operated out of the Adriatic, with their main base at Cattaro. Another German U-boat base was located at Constantinople in the
591:, after it became obvious that their Austro-Hungarian allies could do little against it with their small submarine force, which nevertheless was successful in defending the Adriatic.
2502:
335:
311:
142:
742:. Finally, the Mediterranean offered the advantage that fewer neutral ships would be encountered, such as U.S. vessels, and fewer American citizens travelled the waters.
420:
1522:
835:
to New York City—was fully booked and over 200 people were killed, including nine Americans. Coming as it did six months after the sinking of the British liner
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210:
97:
69:
76:
1507:
909:
led a delegation to Vienna to secure the collaboration of Austria-Hungary. Grand Admiral Haus wholly supported the proposal, but Foreign Minister
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At the same time, the Germans determined to establish a force in the Adriatic to open the commerce war against Allied trade in the Mediterranean.
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2465:
1917:
1626:
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415:
83:
1621:
410:
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1008:, operating in the Mediterranean. On 4 October, this boat was sunk by British forces and Dönitz was taken prisoner on the island of Malta.
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anti-submarine activity. However, of the nine Austro-Hungarian navy submarines lost to enemy action, five were sunk by Italian navy units (
375:
295:
65:
894:
626:. One was lost, but by the end of 1915 the Germans had established a force of seven U-boats at Constantinople, misleadingly named the
554:
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1460:
1446:
1428:
1409:
1387:
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116:
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1216:
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to raid with near impunity during the first years of the war, causing substantial shipping losses, until the introduction of the
380:
1593:
1487:
718:
566:
574:
But the KuK boats were unable to offer any interference to allied traffic in the Mediterranean beyond the Straits of Otranto.
2410:
1576:
54:
1527:
1226:
726:
Atlantic and the North Sea. Additionally, there were certain choke points through which shipping had to pass, such as the
349:
90:
921:
the Italian Navy had instituted convoy operations, with the British following on the Alexandria-Malta route in May 1917.
587:
In April 1915, the Imperial German Navy sent their first submarines to the Mediterranean in response to the Anglo-French
2448:
154:
1032:
was destroyed. The last action of the Mediterranean force came on 9 November 1918, just two days before the armistice:
2210:
1581:
787:
1616:
1020:—were torpedoed on the way, the last Allied ships to be sunk in the Mediterranean, and three U-boats were attacked.
2522:
1902:
656:
648:
43:
2242:
2203:
1965:
893:
Eight of the top twelve U-boat aces served in the Pola Flotilla, including the highest scoring commander of all,
545:
2187:
1930:
1611:
560:
435:
405:
2458:
1980:
1790:
1651:
627:
520:
905:
In January 1917, following the German decision to resume unrestricted submarine warfare, Foreign Secretary
17:
2443:
1996:
1720:
1556:
1512:
1397:
745:
The German campaign in the Mediterranean is generally agreed to have properly begun in October 1915, when
370:
773:). It was decided the same month that further reinforcements were called for, and a further large U-boat—
533:
coast. The Entente powers moved swiftly to blockade the Adriatic, sending a fleet to take station at the
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910:
849:
added to a growing outrage in the U.S. over unrestricted submarine warfare, and U.S. Secretary of State
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440:
395:
238:
1970:
2359:
2171:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
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2096:
2091:
2086:
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2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
1853:
1825:
1561:
1039:
914:
664:—the only U-boat with a decent operating range—was damaged by a mine and confined to Constantinople.
2285:
2218:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1955:
1846:
1811:
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1741:
1685:
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1664:
1535:
1480:
612:
445:
1960:
1950:
2364:
2339:
2301:
2269:
2250:
2234:
1945:
1839:
1832:
1699:
1252:
1221:
605:
588:
534:
390:
385:
1692:
2405:
2389:
2379:
2344:
1860:
1797:
1783:
1734:
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1424:
1405:
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906:
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595:
471:
184:
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1818:
1748:
1706:
1548:
857:
425:
224:
2277:
1804:
1671:
1571:
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808:
655:, two of them intended for transfer to the Austrian Navy. They were also assembling three
475:
253:
1061:. The U-boats also laid minefields, spread between such different locations like outside
1776:
1769:
1727:
1641:
1473:
1058:
1046:
1004:, who would go on to command the German U-boat force in World War II, was commander of
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491:
483:
281:
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2415:
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1975:
1874:
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1755:
856:
In December 1915, Valentiner caused further outrage when he sank the passenger liner
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2155:
1907:
1897:
1713:
1636:
780:
452:
647:
By the end of June 1915, the Germans had assembled a further three pre-fabricated
400:
2349:
2334:
1892:
1317:
487:
146:
32:
990:
727:
688:
680:
551:
1025:
843:
817:
739:
1033:
867:
766:
758:
716:
The Mediterranean was an attractive theatre of operations for the German
530:
958:), while none were sunk by the Japanese navy, which lost one destroyer (
816:—caused a diplomatic incident when she sank the Italian passenger liner
498:
system allowed the Allies to drastically cut their losses from 1917 on.
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873:
832:
824:
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2374:
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1062:
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Nevertheless, they had a number of successes. On 21 December 1914,
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26:
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an anti-submarine barrier across the Straits of Otranto, the
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Military operations of World War I involving Austria-Hungary
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was blown up by her own mines while laying a mine field off
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In a further incident in March 1916, the German minelayer
1276:
The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia
515:'s decision to remain neutral, the naval strength of the
765:. That month, 18 ships were sunk, for a total of 63,848
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Although convoys had been introduced between Malta and
2513:
Military operations of World War I involving Germany
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1989:
1938:
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
806:—sailing under the Austrian flag and commanded by
600:—achieved initial success, sinking the Royal Navy
853:despatched a sternly-worded protest to Vienna.
529:, whose only access to the sea was through the
135:
66:"Mediterranean U-boat campaign of World War I"
2503:Mediterranean naval operations of World War I
1481:
1274:Venzon, Anne Cipriano; Paul L. Miles (1999).
490:. It was characterised by the ability of the
319:
8:
1351:
1349:
786:The German Admiralty also decided that the
757:, were ordered to attack the approaches to
18:Mediterranean U-boat Campaign (World War I)
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1935:
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1378:Gibson, R.H.; Maurice Prendergast (2002).
1038:torpedoed and sank the British battleship
326:
312:
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132:
1324:. New York: Capricorn Books. p. 295.
622:where they were assembled for transit to
163:sinking near Gibraltar on 9 November 1918
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
1072:
541:suitable for operation in the Adriatic.
1508:Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I
1238:
667:On 21 July, the ocean-going submarines
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1242:
1513:Battle of the Atlantic (World War II)
1065:, France, to near Alexandria, Egypt.
511:At the outbreak of World War I, with
7:
1278:. Taylor & Francis. p. 54.
950:), one by Italian and French units (
913:had misgivings, as did the emperor,
901:1917: Unrestricted submarine warfare
55:adding citations to reliable sources
519:was represented by the navy of the
1380:The German Submarine War 1914–1918
1024:was damaged and forced to run for
863:without warning, with 343 killed.
679:were detached from service in the
337:Mediterranean Operations 1914–1918
25:
1660:List of wolfpacks of World War II
1217:Adriatic Campaign of World War I
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31:
42:needs additional citations for
2411:Unrestricted submarine warfare
1453:The U-Boat offensive 1914–1945
1421:A Naval History of World War I
1:
2518:U-boat Campaign (World War I)
1227:U-boat Campaign (World War I)
1053:Bases and areas of operations
628:Mediterranean U-Boat Division
583:Operations at the Dardanelles
468:Mediterranean U-boat Campaign
136:Mediterranean U-boat Campaign
1523:Mediterranean (World War II)
1404:. Periscope Publishing Ltd.
1382:. Periscope Publishing Ltd.
954:), one by Royal Navy units (
881:1916: Commerce war continues
486:) against the Allies during
1518:Mediterranean (World War I)
571:, with heavy loss of life.
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1903:Battle of the St. Lawrence
1028:, where she was interned;
637:
482:(with some support by the
1632:Knight's Cross recipients
1503:
1419:Halpern, Paul G. (1995).
1402:Submarines at War 1914–18
1094:U-boats destroyed (Pola)
895:K/L Arnauld de la Perière
345:
195:
167:
152:
140:
2227:Italian battleship
2211:Russian battleship
1091:U-boats destroyed (KuK)
565:sank the French cruiser
2243:French battleship
2188:French battleship
1627:World War II commanders
618:in sections by rail to
521:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1622:World War I commanders
986:
925:Japanese participation
651:submarines at Pola in
594:The first U-boat sent—
175:1914 – 9 November 1918
1398:Compton-Hall, Richard
979:
911:Count Ottokar Czernin
550:torpedoed the French
411:Eastern Mediterranean
143:Mediterranean Theatre
2360:Metox radar detector
1582:Uncompleted projects
1255:, 2003, Page 186-187
915:Charles I of Austria
753:, followed later by
589:Dardanelles campaign
507:1914: Initial stages
51:improve this article
2340:FuG 200 Hohentwiel
1253:Dorling Kindersley
1251:– Willmott, H.P.,
1222:Gallipoli Campaign
1085:Ships sunk (Pola)
987:
972:1918: Final stages
802:In November 1915,
535:straits of Otranto
391:Raid on Porto Buso
376:Blockade of Europe
2523:Submarine warfare
2490:
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2406:Submarine warfare
2380:Sieglinde (decoy)
2313:
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2229:Regina Margherita
2150:
2149:
1886:Major engagements
1208:
1207:
1079:Ships sunk (KuK)
907:Arthur Zimmermann
842:off Ireland, the
823:off the coast of
472:Mediterranean Sea
461:
460:
416:Strait of Otranto
381:Adriatic Campaign
371:Convoy operations
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185:Mediterranean Sea
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16:(Redirected from
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1936:
1931:U-boat flotillas
1589:Austro-Hungarian
1572:Foreign captured
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1439:The Killing Time
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724:
687:(in present-day
526:KuK Kriegsmarine
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2146:
1985:
1925:
1881:
1646:
1600:
1567:Most successful
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1264:Halpern, p. 381
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1249:First World War
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1235:
1213:
1173:(not recorded)
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974:
964:, torpedoed by
927:
903:
888:Otranto Barrage
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809:Kapitanleutnant
800:
722:
714:
712:War on commerce
705:German flotilla
642:
636:
585:
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476:Austria-Hungary
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366:U-boat Campaign
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1981:Constantinople
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1577:Never deployed
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1343:Tarrant P75-76
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1206:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1059:Ottoman Empire
1054:
1051:
1047:Cape Trafalgar
973:
970:
926:
923:
902:
899:
882:
879:
851:Robert Lansing
814:Max Valentiner
799:
793:
713:
710:
638:Main article:
635:
632:
624:Constantinople
602:predreadnought
584:
581:
579:
576:
517:Central Powers
508:
505:
503:
500:
492:Central Powers
484:Ottoman Empire
474:was fought by
459:
458:
456:
455:
450:
438:
433:
428:
423:
421:USN operations
418:
413:
408:
403:
398:
393:
388:
383:
378:
373:
368:
363:
358:
346:
343:
342:
333:
331:
330:
323:
316:
308:
300:
299:
282:Ottoman Empire
242:
211:United Kingdom
198:
197:
193:
192:
189:
188:
183:
181:
177:
176:
173:
165:
164:
150:
149:
138:
137:
131:
130:
125:
124:
39:
37:
30:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2535:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:Saint-Nazaire
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2416:Rocket U-boat
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2325:Anechoic tile
2323:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2156:Capital ships
2153:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1461:0-85368-928-8
1458:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1447:0-85422-070-4
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1430:1-85728-498-4
1426:
1423:. Routledge.
1422:
1417:
1413:
1411:1-55750-447-4
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1389:1-904381-08-1
1385:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1364:Grey p223-224
1361:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1331:
1328:
1323:
1322:The Great War
1319:
1313:
1310:
1307:Venzon, p. 55
1304:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1285:0-8153-3353-6
1281:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
992:
983:
978:
971:
969:
967:
963:
962:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
924:
922:
918:
916:
912:
908:
900:
898:
896:
891:
889:
880:
878:
875:
871:
870:
864:
862:
861:
854:
852:
848:
846:
841:
840:
834:
830:
826:
822:
821:
815:
811:
810:
805:
797:
794:
792:
789:
784:
782:
778:
777:
772:
769:(64,873
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
729:
721:
720:
711:
709:
706:
702:
701:
696:
695:
690:
686:
682:
678:
677:
672:
671:
665:
663:
658:
654:
650:
645:
641:
640:Pola Flotilla
634:Pola Flotilla
633:
631:
629:
625:
621:
616:
615:
610:
609:
603:
599:
598:
592:
590:
582:
577:
575:
572:
570:
569:
568:LĂ©on Gambetta
564:
563:
558:
557:
553:
549:
548:
542:
538:
536:
532:
528:
527:
522:
518:
514:
506:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:German Empire
477:
473:
469:
454:
451:
447:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
356:
352:
348:
347:
344:
339:
329:
324:
322:
317:
315:
310:
309:
306:
297:
283:
269:
255:
243:
240:
226:
212:
200:
199:
194:
186:
182:
179:
178:
174:
171:
170:
166:
162:
156:
151:
148:
144:
139:
134:
129:
121:
118:
110:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
71:
68: –
67:
63:
62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
2434:World War II
2370:Pillenwerfer
2355:Mark 24 mine
2330:Depth charge
2303:
2295:
2287:
2279:
2271:
2263:World War II
2252:
2244:
2236:
2228:
2220:
2212:
2204:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
1990:World War II
1918:
1908:Convoy ONS 5
1898:Convoy PQ 17
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1637:Erich Raeder
1549:U-boat lists
1537:
1529:
1517:
1452:
1438:
1420:
1401:
1379:
1360:
1339:
1334:Halpern p396
1330:
1321:
1318:Falls, Cyril
1312:
1303:
1294:
1275:
1269:
1260:
1248:
1056:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1000:
996:
988:
981:
965:
960:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
928:
919:
904:
892:
884:
868:
865:
859:
855:
844:
838:
831:—bound from
828:
819:
807:
803:
801:
795:
785:
781:Cape Matapan
775:
754:
750:
746:
744:
717:
715:
699:
693:
683:and sent to
675:
669:
666:
661:
646:
643:
613:
607:
604:battleships
596:
593:
586:
573:
567:
561:
555:
546:
543:
539:
525:
510:
467:
465:
365:
354:
350:
196:Belligerents
160:
141:Part of the
128:
113:
104:
94:
87:
80:
73:
61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
2350:Leigh light
2335:Elektroboot
2165:World War I
1939:World War I
1893:Convoy SC 7
1827:Steinbrinck
1642:Karl Dönitz
1451:VE Tarrant
1002:Karl Dönitz
719:Admiralstab
703:joined the
488:World War I
444: [
436:2nd Durazzo
406:1st Durazzo
361:Dardanelles
147:World War I
107:August 2014
2497:Categories
2318:Technology
2288:Courageous
2198:Formidable
2182:Cornwallis
1813:Schlieffen
1764:Pfadfinder
1743:Kreuzotter
1680:Delphin II
1605:Commanders
1536:Operation
1530:Regenbogen
1528:Operation
1372:References
1176:1,514,050
1154:1,045,058
991:Alexandria
788:Type UB II
728:Suez Canal
689:Montenegro
552:battleship
77:newspapers
2365:Mousetrap
2304:Royal Oak
2302:HMS
2294:HMS
2286:HMS
2278:HMS
2272:Ark Royal
2270:HMS
2251:HMS
2235:HMS
2219:HMS
2196:HMS
2180:HMS
2174:Britannia
2172:HMS
1913:Black May
1841:Streitaxt
1834:Siegfried
1701:Eisteufel
1652:Wolfpacks
1538:Deadlight
1355:Grey p223
1298:Kemp p 17
1042:Britannia
1040:HMS
1026:Barcelona
839:Lusitania
837:RMS
767:long tons
740:Gibraltar
657:Type UC I
649:Type UB I
606:HMS
556:Jean Bart
161:Britannia
2459:Valentin
2455:Germany
2399:Concepts
2345:Hedgehog
2221:Majestic
2213:Peresvet
1966:Flanders
1919:Bismarck
1862:Weddigen
1855:Vorwärts
1799:Rossbach
1785:Raubgraf
1722:Hartmann
1400:(2004).
1320:(1961).
1211:See also
1198:761,060
1132:350,853
1088:Tonnage
1082:Tonnage
858:SS
847:incident
818:SS
798:incident
759:Salonika
614:Majestic
531:Adriatic
386:Antivari
296:Bulgaria
180:Location
2476:Dora II
2444:Lorient
2440:France
2390:Snorkel
2253:Triumph
2245:Suffren
2237:Russell
2205:Gaulois
1997:Regions
1971:Kurland
1848:TĂĽmmler
1820:Seewolf
1750:Leuthen
1736:Kiebitz
1708:Endrass
1687:Dränger
1666:BlĂĽcher
1594:Classes
1497:U-boats
1455:(1989)
1441:(1972)
1437:E Grey
874:Taranto
833:Messina
825:Tunisia
763:Kavalla
685:Cattaro
608:Triumph
502:History
470:in the
441:Premuda
355:Breslau
268:Germany
91:scholar
2471:Dora I
2466:Norway
2375:Q-ship
2280:Barham
2190:Danton
1806:Schill
1792:Rösing
1694:Eisbär
1673:Borkum
1557:German
1459:
1445:
1427:
1408:
1386:
1282:
1063:Toulon
1018:Surada
1014:Mercia
961:Sakaki
946:, and
860:Persia
845:Ancona
829:Ancona
820:Ancona
812:(K/L)
796:Ancona
738:, and
681:Baltic
653:Istria
523:, the
496:convoy
426:Imbros
401:Vieste
396:Ancona
351:Goeben
293:
279:
265:
251:
239:France
236:
222:
208:
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
2426:Bases
2385:Sonar
2296:Eagle
1921:chase
1778:Prien
1771:Pfeil
1729:Hecht
1562:Types
1233:Notes
1187:1918
1165:1917
1143:1916
1138:none
1121:1915
1113:none
1099:1914
1076:Date
1069:Table
1035:UB-50
1006:UB-68
982:UB-48
869:UC-12
736:Crete
732:Malta
723:'
513:Italy
448:]
431:Bakar
225:Italy
98:JSTOR
84:books
2158:sunk
1976:Pola
1876:Wolf
1869:West
1757:Lohs
1457:ISBN
1443:ISBN
1425:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1384:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1195:325
1151:415
1129:102
1116:n/a
1110:n/a
1107:n/a
1045:off
1030:U-34
1022:U-35
1016:and
985:Bark
966:U-27
952:U-30
948:U-23
944:U-20
940:U-16
936:U-10
932:U-13
804:U-38
776:U-38
761:and
755:U-35
751:U-39
749:and
747:U-33
700:U-39
697:and
694:U-33
676:U-35
673:and
670:U-34
662:U-21
620:Pola
611:and
597:U-21
578:1915
547:U-12
478:and
466:The
453:Pula
353:and
172:Date
159:HMS
70:news
2142:33.
2137:32.
2132:31.
2127:30.
2122:29.
2117:27.
2112:26.
2107:25.
2102:24.
2097:23.
2092:22.
2087:21.
2082:20.
2077:19.
2072:18.
2067:14.
2062:13.
2057:12.
2052:11.
2047:10.
1956:III
1715:Hai
1617:FdU
1612:BdU
1204:10
980:SM
968:).
956:U-3
562:U-5
145:of
53:by
2499::
2042:9.
2037:8.
2032:7.
2027:6.
2022:5.
2017:4.
2012:3.
2007:2.
2002:1.
1961:IV
1951:II
1348:^
1241:^
1201:3
1190:?
1182:2
1179:1
1168:?
1160:1
1157:2
1146:?
1135:2
1124:?
1102:?
1049:.
942:,
938:,
934:,
897:.
827:.
734:,
730:,
630:.
537:.
446:fr
1946:I
1489:e
1482:t
1475:v
1433:.
1414:.
1392:.
1288:.
771:t
327:e
320:t
313:v
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
