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144:
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879:. This too was ineffective; the straits were too wide and deep for such a barrage to be successful, and consumed a huge effort and tied up many of the patrol vessels the Allies possessed. It also acted as a target for surface attacks, being the aim of a number of raids by KuK forces. Just two U-boats were caught in the barrage in all the time it was in operation; meanwhile the merchant ships continued to suffer huge losses. In 1916, the Allies lost 415 ships, of 1,045,058 long tons (1,061,828 t), ½ of all allied ships sunk in all theatres.
251:
208:
906:. Haus and the German delegates finally won the debate, partly by listing several instances where Allied submarines had sunk unarmed Austro-Hungarian ships in the Adriatic. The negotiations over the terms of the new Mediterranean submarine campaign were aided by the fact that Italy had declared war on Germany on 28 August 1916, making it no longer necessary for German U-boats to masquerade as Austrian vessels when attacking Italian shipping.
279:
22:
965:
780:
home waters, but it seemed justified by the successes in the
Mediterranean in November, when 44 ships were sunk, for a total of 155,882 long tons (158,383 t). The total in December fell to 17 ships (73,741 long tons (74,924 t)) which was still over ½ the total tonnage sunk in all theatres of operation at the time.
768:—sailed for Cattaro. Since Germany was not yet at war with Italy, even though Austria was, the German submarines were ordered to refrain from attacking Italian shipping in the eastern Mediterranean where the Italians might expect hostile action only from German submarines. When operating in the west, up to the line of
983:
Throughout the year U-boats were still able to find and sink ships sailing independently. By 1918, however, the U-boats' successes began to drop. In
January 1918, German U-boats sank 103,738 long tons (105,403 t) and the Austrians sank a further 20,020 long tons (20,340 t) while two Pola boats were sunk.
1000:
By
October 1918, the end of the campaign, Allied losses for the year stood at 761,000 long tons (773,000 t). The Pola Flotilla had lost 11 boats, and the KuK a further 3. In October, the Central Powers were on the verge of collapse; Bulgaria and the Ottomans had sued for peace, and the Austrians
909:
Shipping losses to U-boats reached a peak in April 1917, when the
Central Powers had 28 boats operating, with as many as 10 at sea at any one time. While not a single submarine was sunk, they caused 94 ship losses in that one month, and severely endangered and delayed shipping. However, by that time,
779:
submarines would be ideal for
Mediterranean service. Since these were too large to be shipped in sections by rail to Pola like the Type UB I, the materials for their construction and German workers to assemble them were sent instead. This meant a shortage of workers to complete U-boats for service in
918:
Beginning in April 1917, Japan, an ally of Great
Britain, sent a total of 14 destroyers to the Mediterranean with cruiser flagships which were based at Malta and played an important part in escorting convoys to guard them against enemy submarines. The Japanese ships were very effective in patrol and
606:
on 25 and 27 May respectively on her way to
Constantinople, but ran into severe limitations in the Dardanelles, where swarms of small craft and extensive anti-submarine netting and booms restricted their movements. In addition, the Germans dispatched a number of UB and UC type boats; these were sent
874:
During 1916, the commerce war continued unabated. Allied countermeasures were largely ineffective; the complex arrangements for co-operation between the various navies meant a fragmented and unco-ordinated response, while the main remedy favoured by the Allies for the U-boat menace was to establish
529:
The initial phase of the U-boat campaign in the
Mediterranean comprised the actions by the KuK's U-boat force against the French. At the start of hostilities, the KuK had seven U-boats in commission; five operational, and two training; all were of the coastal type, with limited range and endurance,
982:
in May 1917, the Allies were unable to introduce a comprehensive system until later in the year. The number of routes, and divided responsibilities, made this complicated, while a continued belief in offensive measures, such as the
Otranto Barrage, kept up a shortage of escort ships elsewhere.
714:
s war on Allied commerce; a significant proportion of
British imports passed through it, it was critical to French and Italian trade, and submarines would be able to operate effectively in it even in the northern-hemisphere autumn and winter, when poor weather hampered naval operations in the
986:
Allied losses continued to fall during the year, while U-boat losses mounted. In May 1918, Allied losses dropped below 100,000 long tons (100,000 t) and did not rise above this again, while the Pola Flotilla lost four boats, its worst month of the war.
680:), the Germans deciding to make use of Austrian bases rather than Constantinople, since there were better supply and repair facilities in the Adriatic and it avoided submarines having to negotiate the dangerous passage through the Dardanelles. In August,
865:
harbor. Italian divers inspected the wreck and established her identity. The knowledge that Germany—technically their ally—was assiduously mining their naval bases was a contributing factor in Italy's decision in May 1916 to declare war on Germany.
648:
minelaying submarines, which were ordered converted into transports to carry small quantities of critical supplies to Turkey. However, the UB submarines were hindered by their short operational range and the Dardanelles currents, and in July
1620:
973:
unter Kapitänleutnant Wolfgang Steinbauer (1888–1978) dringt am 29 April 1918 in den italienischen Hafen Carloforte ein und zerstört den britischen Dampfer KINGSTONIAN, zwei britische Bergungsdampfer und eine französische
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stationed at Cattaro, following pleas from the German military attaché in Constantinople, who reported that the Royal Navy's close naval support was inflicting heavy losses on Turkish forces at the Gallipoli beachheads.
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548:, Admiral Lapeyrere's flagship. She was saved from sinking, but was forced to retire with a damaged bow. This setback dissuaded the French capital ships from penetrating too far into the Adriatic. On 27 April 1915,
1001:
were about to do the same. The Germans elected to abandon the Mediterranean; nine U-boats sailed from their bases on the Adriatic to return to Germany and a further ten boats were scuttled. Two ships—
772:, the German U-boats flew the Austrian flag, and a sinking without warning policy was adopted, since large merchant ships could be attacked on the suspicion of being transports or auxiliary cruisers.
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39:
307:
1046:
Most of the German (and all of the Austro-Hungarian) U-boats operated out of the Adriatic, with their main base at Cattaro. Another German U-boat base was located at Constantinople in the
580:, after it became obvious that their Austro-Hungarian allies could do little against it with their small submarine force, which nevertheless was successful in defending the Adriatic.
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324:
300:
131:
731:. Finally, the Mediterranean offered the advantage that fewer neutral ships would be encountered, such as U.S. vessels, and fewer American citizens travelled the waters.
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to New York City—was fully booked and over 200 people were killed, including nine Americans. Coming as it did six months after the sinking of the British liner
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led a delegation to Vienna to secure the collaboration of Austria-Hungary. Grand Admiral Haus wholly supported the proposal, but Foreign Minister
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At the same time, the Germans determined to establish a force in the Adriatic to open the commerce war against Allied trade in the Mediterranean.
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2454:
1906:
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404:
72:
1610:
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2215:
997:, operating in the Mediterranean. On 4 October, this boat was sunk by British forces and Dönitz was taken prisoner on the island of Malta.
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anti-submarine activity. However, of the nine Austro-Hungarian navy submarines lost to enemy action, five were sunk by Italian navy units (
364:
284:
54:
883:
615:. One was lost, but by the end of 1915 the Germans had established a force of seven U-boats at Constantinople, misleadingly named the
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1417:
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105:
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to raid with near impunity during the first years of the war, causing substantial shipping losses, until the introduction of the
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1582:
1476:
707:
555:
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But the KuK boats were unable to offer any interference to allied traffic in the Mediterranean beyond the Straits of Otranto.
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1565:
43:
1516:
1215:
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Atlantic and the North Sea. Additionally, there were certain choke points through which shipping had to pass, such as the
338:
79:
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the Italian Navy had instituted convoy operations, with the British following on the Alexandria-Malta route in May 1917.
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In April 1915, the Imperial German Navy sent their first submarines to the Mediterranean in response to the Anglo-French
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143:
1021:
was destroyed. The last action of the Mediterranean force came on 9 November 1918, just two days before the armistice:
2199:
1570:
776:
1605:
1009:—were torpedoed on the way, the last Allied ships to be sunk in the Mediterranean, and three U-boats were attacked.
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1891:
645:
637:
32:
2231:
2192:
1954:
882:
Eight of the top twelve U-boat aces served in the Pola Flotilla, including the highest scoring commander of all,
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1919:
1600:
549:
424:
394:
2447:
1969:
1779:
1640:
616:
509:
894:
In January 1917, following the German decision to resume unrestricted submarine warfare, Foreign Secretary
2432:
1985:
1709:
1545:
1501:
1386:
734:
The German campaign in the Mediterranean is generally agreed to have properly begun in October 1915, when
359:
762:). It was decided the same month that further reinforcements were called for, and a further large U-boat—
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coast. The Entente powers moved swiftly to blockade the Adriatic, sending a fleet to take station at the
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added to a growing outrage in the U.S. over unrestricted submarine warfare, and U.S. Secretary of State
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429:
384:
227:
1959:
2348:
2160:
2130:
2125:
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2110:
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2095:
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2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
1842:
1814:
1550:
1028:
903:
653:—the only U-boat with a decent operating range—was damaged by a mine and confined to Constantinople.
2274:
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1210:
594:
577:
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379:
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1681:
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2333:
1849:
1786:
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1723:
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1413:
1394:
1372:
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895:
681:
663:
657:
584:
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173:
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1807:
1737:
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1537:
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213:
2266:
1793:
1660:
1560:
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644:, two of them intended for transfer to the Austrian Navy. They were also assembling three
464:
242:
1050:. The U-boats also laid minefields, spread between such different locations like outside
1765:
1758:
1716:
1630:
1462:
1047:
1035:
993:, who would go on to command the German U-boat force in World War II, was commander of
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270:
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In December 1915, Valentiner caused further outrage when he sank the passenger liner
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By the end of June 1915, the Germans had assembled a further three pre-fabricated
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2338:
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1881:
1306:
476:
135:
21:
979:
716:
677:
669:
540:
1014:
832:
806:
728:
1022:
856:
755:
747:
705:
The Mediterranean was an attractive theatre of operations for the German
519:
947:), while none were sunk by the Japanese navy, which lost one destroyer (
805:—caused a diplomatic incident when she sank the Italian passenger liner
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system allowed the Allies to drastically cut their losses from 1917 on.
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Nevertheless, they had a number of successes. On 21 December 1914,
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an anti-submarine barrier across the Straits of Otranto, the
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Military operations of World War I involving Austria-Hungary
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was blown up by her own mines while laying a mine field off
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In a further incident in March 1916, the German minelayer
1265:
The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia
504:'s decision to remain neutral, the naval strength of the
754:. That month, 18 ships were sunk, for a total of 63,848
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Although convoys had been introduced between Malta and
2502:
Military operations of World War I involving Germany
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
795:—sailing under the Austrian flag and commanded by
589:—achieved initial success, sinking the Royal Navy
842:despatched a sternly-worded protest to Vienna.
518:, whose only access to the sea was through the
124:
55:"Mediterranean U-boat campaign of World War I"
2492:Mediterranean naval operations of World War I
1470:
1263:Venzon, Anne Cipriano; Paul L. Miles (1999).
479:. It was characterised by the ability of the
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8:
1340:
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775:The German Admiralty also decided that the
746:, were ordered to attack the approaches to
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1367:Gibson, R.H.; Maurice Prendergast (2002).
1027:torpedoed and sank the British battleship
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301:
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121:
1313:. New York: Capricorn Books. p. 295.
611:where they were assembled for transit to
152:sinking near Gibraltar on 9 November 1918
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1061:
530:suitable for operation in the Adriatic.
1497:Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I
1227:
656:On 21 July, the ocean-going submarines
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1231:
1502:Battle of the Atlantic (World War II)
1054:, France, to near Alexandria, Egypt.
500:At the outbreak of World War I, with
7:
1267:. Taylor & Francis. p. 54.
939:), one by Italian and French units (
902:had misgivings, as did the emperor,
890:1917: Unrestricted submarine warfare
44:adding citations to reliable sources
508:was represented by the navy of the
1369:The German Submarine War 1914–1918
1013:was damaged and forced to run for
852:without warning, with 343 killed.
668:were detached from service in the
326:Mediterranean Operations 1914–1918
14:
1649:List of wolfpacks of World War II
1206:Adriatic Campaign of World War I
277:
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20:
31:needs additional citations for
2400:Unrestricted submarine warfare
1442:The U-Boat offensive 1914–1945
1410:A Naval History of World War I
1:
2507:U-boat Campaign (World War I)
1216:U-boat Campaign (World War I)
1042:Bases and areas of operations
617:Mediterranean U-Boat Division
572:Operations at the Dardanelles
457:Mediterranean U-boat Campaign
125:Mediterranean U-boat Campaign
1512:Mediterranean (World War II)
1393:. Periscope Publishing Ltd.
1371:. Periscope Publishing Ltd.
943:), one by Royal Navy units (
870:1916: Commerce war continues
475:) against the Allies during
1507:Mediterranean (World War I)
560:, with heavy loss of life.
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1892:Battle of the St. Lawrence
1017:, where she was interned;
626:
471:(with some support by the
1621:Knight's Cross recipients
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1408:Halpern, Paul G. (1995).
1391:Submarines at War 1914–18
1083:U-boats destroyed (Pola)
884:K/L Arnauld de la Perière
334:
184:
156:
141:
129:
2216:Italian battleship
2200:Russian battleship
1080:U-boats destroyed (KuK)
554:sank the French cruiser
2232:French battleship
2177:French battleship
1616:World War II commanders
607:in sections by rail to
510:Austro-Hungarian Empire
1611:World War I commanders
975:
914:Japanese participation
640:submarines at Pola in
583:The first U-boat sent—
164:1914 – 9 November 1918
1387:Compton-Hall, Richard
968:
900:Count Ottokar Czernin
539:torpedoed the French
400:Eastern Mediterranean
132:Mediterranean Theatre
2349:Metox radar detector
1571:Uncompleted projects
1244:, 2003, Page 186-187
904:Charles I of Austria
742:, followed later by
578:Dardanelles campaign
496:1914: Initial stages
40:improve this article
2329:FuG 200 Hohentwiel
1242:Dorling Kindersley
1240:– Willmott, H.P.,
1211:Gallipoli Campaign
1074:Ships sunk (Pola)
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961:1918: Final stages
791:In November 1915,
524:straits of Otranto
380:Raid on Porto Buso
365:Blockade of Europe
2512:Submarine warfare
2479:
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2395:Submarine warfare
2369:Sieglinde (decoy)
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2218:Regina Margherita
2139:
2138:
1875:Major engagements
1197:
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1068:Ships sunk (KuK)
896:Arthur Zimmermann
831:off Ireland, the
812:off the coast of
461:Mediterranean Sea
450:
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405:Strait of Otranto
370:Adriatic Campaign
360:Convoy operations
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174:Mediterranean Sea
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1920:U-boat flotillas
1578:Austro-Hungarian
1561:Foreign captured
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1428:The Killing Time
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676:(in present-day
515:KuK Kriegsmarine
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24:
16:
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2409:
2383:
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2135:
1974:
1914:
1870:
1635:
1589:
1556:Most successful
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1407:
1401:
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1253:Halpern, p. 381
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1238:First World War
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1229:
1224:
1202:
1162:(not recorded)
1060:
1044:
963:
953:, torpedoed by
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877:Otranto Barrage
872:
798:Kapitanleutnant
789:
711:
703:
701:War on commerce
694:German flotilla
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465:Austria-Hungary
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355:U-boat Campaign
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1566:Never deployed
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1332:Tarrant P75-76
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1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1059:
1056:
1048:Ottoman Empire
1043:
1040:
1036:Cape Trafalgar
962:
959:
915:
912:
891:
888:
871:
868:
840:Robert Lansing
803:Max Valentiner
788:
782:
702:
699:
627:Main article:
624:
621:
613:Constantinople
591:predreadnought
573:
570:
568:
565:
506:Central Powers
497:
494:
492:
489:
481:Central Powers
473:Ottoman Empire
463:was fought by
448:
447:
445:
444:
439:
427:
422:
417:
412:
410:USN operations
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
335:
332:
331:
322:
320:
319:
312:
305:
297:
289:
288:
271:Ottoman Empire
231:
200:United Kingdom
187:
186:
182:
181:
178:
177:
172:
170:
166:
165:
162:
154:
153:
139:
138:
127:
126:
120:
119:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2524:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:Saint-Nazaire
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2405:Rocket U-boat
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
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2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2314:Anechoic tile
2312:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
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2265:
2263:
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2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
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2238:
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2228:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2212:
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2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:Capital ships
2142:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1775:
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1764:
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1757:
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1659:
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1624:
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1599:
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1564:
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1535:
1529:
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1523:
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1520:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
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1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1450:0-85368-928-8
1447:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1436:0-85422-070-4
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1419:1-85728-498-4
1415:
1412:. Routledge.
1411:
1406:
1402:
1400:1-55750-447-4
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1378:1-904381-08-1
1374:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1353:Grey p223-224
1350:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1311:The Great War
1308:
1302:
1299:
1296:Venzon, p. 55
1293:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1274:0-8153-3353-6
1270:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
981:
972:
967:
960:
958:
956:
952:
951:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
913:
911:
907:
905:
901:
897:
889:
887:
885:
880:
878:
869:
867:
864:
860:
859:
853:
851:
850:
843:
841:
837:
835:
830:
829:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:
804:
800:
799:
794:
786:
783:
781:
778:
773:
771:
767:
766:
761:
758:(64,873
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
710:
709:
700:
698:
695:
691:
690:
685:
684:
679:
675:
671:
667:
666:
661:
660:
654:
652:
647:
643:
639:
634:
630:
629:Pola Flotilla
623:Pola Flotilla
622:
620:
618:
614:
610:
605:
604:
599:
598:
592:
588:
587:
581:
579:
571:
566:
564:
561:
559:
558:
557:LĂ©on Gambetta
553:
552:
547:
546:
542:
538:
537:
531:
527:
525:
521:
517:
516:
511:
507:
503:
495:
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:German Empire
466:
462:
458:
443:
440:
436:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
345:
341:
337:
336:
333:
328:
318:
313:
311:
306:
304:
299:
298:
295:
286:
272:
258:
244:
232:
229:
215:
201:
189:
188:
183:
175:
171:
168:
167:
163:
160:
159:
155:
151:
145:
140:
137:
133:
128:
123:
118:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2423:World War II
2359:Pillenwerfer
2344:Mark 24 mine
2319:Depth charge
2292:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:World War II
2241:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
1979:World War II
1907:
1897:Convoy ONS 5
1887:Convoy PQ 17
1864:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1626:Erich Raeder
1538:U-boat lists
1526:
1518:
1506:
1441:
1427:
1409:
1390:
1368:
1349:
1328:
1323:Halpern p396
1319:
1310:
1307:Falls, Cyril
1301:
1292:
1283:
1264:
1258:
1249:
1237:
1045:
1030:
1023:
1018:
1010:
1006:
1002:
999:
994:
989:
985:
977:
970:
954:
949:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
917:
908:
893:
881:
873:
857:
854:
848:
844:
833:
827:
820:—bound from
817:
808:
796:
792:
790:
784:
774:
770:Cape Matapan
764:
743:
739:
735:
733:
706:
704:
688:
682:
672:and sent to
664:
658:
655:
650:
635:
632:
602:
596:
593:battleships
585:
582:
575:
562:
556:
550:
544:
535:
532:
528:
514:
499:
456:
454:
354:
343:
339:
185:Belligerents
149:
130:Part of the
117:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2339:Leigh light
2324:Elektroboot
2154:World War I
1928:World War I
1882:Convoy SC 7
1816:Steinbrinck
1631:Karl Dönitz
1440:VE Tarrant
991:Karl Dönitz
708:Admiralstab
692:joined the
477:World War I
433: [
425:2nd Durazzo
395:1st Durazzo
350:Dardanelles
136:World War I
96:August 2014
2486:Categories
2307:Technology
2277:Courageous
2187:Formidable
2171:Cornwallis
1802:Schlieffen
1753:Pfadfinder
1732:Kreuzotter
1669:Delphin II
1594:Commanders
1525:Operation
1519:Regenbogen
1517:Operation
1361:References
1165:1,514,050
1143:1,045,058
980:Alexandria
777:Type UB II
717:Suez Canal
678:Montenegro
541:battleship
66:newspapers
2354:Mousetrap
2293:Royal Oak
2291:HMS
2283:HMS
2275:HMS
2267:HMS
2261:Ark Royal
2259:HMS
2240:HMS
2224:HMS
2208:HMS
2185:HMS
2169:HMS
2163:Britannia
2161:HMS
1902:Black May
1830:Streitaxt
1823:Siegfried
1690:Eisteufel
1641:Wolfpacks
1527:Deadlight
1344:Grey p223
1287:Kemp p 17
1031:Britannia
1029:HMS
1015:Barcelona
828:Lusitania
826:RMS
756:long tons
729:Gibraltar
646:Type UC I
638:Type UB I
595:HMS
545:Jean Bart
150:Britannia
2448:Valentin
2444:Germany
2388:Concepts
2334:Hedgehog
2210:Majestic
2202:Peresvet
1955:Flanders
1908:Bismarck
1851:Weddigen
1844:Vorwärts
1788:Rossbach
1774:Raubgraf
1711:Hartmann
1389:(2004).
1309:(1961).
1200:See also
1187:761,060
1121:350,853
1077:Tonnage
1071:Tonnage
847:SS
836:incident
807:SS
787:incident
748:Salonika
603:Majestic
520:Adriatic
375:Antivari
285:Bulgaria
169:Location
2465:Dora II
2433:Lorient
2429:France
2379:Snorkel
2242:Triumph
2234:Suffren
2226:Russell
2194:Gaulois
1986:Regions
1960:Kurland
1837:TĂĽmmler
1809:Seewolf
1739:Leuthen
1725:Kiebitz
1697:Endrass
1676:Dränger
1655:BlĂĽcher
1583:Classes
1486:U-boats
1444:(1989)
1430:(1972)
1426:E Grey
863:Taranto
822:Messina
814:Tunisia
752:Kavalla
674:Cattaro
597:Triumph
491:History
459:in the
430:Premuda
344:Breslau
257:Germany
80:scholar
2460:Dora I
2455:Norway
2364:Q-ship
2269:Barham
2179:Danton
1795:Schill
1781:Rösing
1683:Eisbär
1662:Borkum
1546:German
1448:
1434:
1416:
1397:
1375:
1271:
1052:Toulon
1007:Surada
1003:Mercia
950:Sakaki
935:, and
849:Persia
834:Ancona
818:Ancona
809:Ancona
801:(K/L)
785:Ancona
727:, and
670:Baltic
642:Istria
512:, the
485:convoy
415:Imbros
390:Vieste
385:Ancona
340:Goeben
282:
268:
254:
240:
228:France
225:
211:
197:
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
2415:Bases
2374:Sonar
2285:Eagle
1910:chase
1767:Prien
1760:Pfeil
1718:Hecht
1551:Types
1222:Notes
1176:1918
1154:1917
1132:1916
1127:none
1110:1915
1102:none
1088:1914
1065:Date
1058:Table
1024:UB-50
995:UB-68
971:UB-48
858:UC-12
725:Crete
721:Malta
712:'
502:Italy
437:]
420:Bakar
214:Italy
87:JSTOR
73:books
2147:sunk
1965:Pola
1865:Wolf
1858:West
1746:Lohs
1446:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1414:ISBN
1395:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1184:325
1140:415
1118:102
1105:n/a
1099:n/a
1096:n/a
1034:off
1019:U-34
1011:U-35
1005:and
974:Bark
955:U-27
941:U-30
937:U-23
933:U-20
929:U-16
925:U-10
921:U-13
793:U-38
765:U-38
750:and
744:U-35
740:U-39
738:and
736:U-33
689:U-39
686:and
683:U-33
665:U-35
662:and
659:U-34
651:U-21
609:Pola
600:and
586:U-21
567:1915
536:U-12
467:and
455:The
442:Pula
342:and
161:Date
148:HMS
59:news
2131:33.
2126:32.
2121:31.
2116:30.
2111:29.
2106:27.
2101:26.
2096:25.
2091:24.
2086:23.
2081:22.
2076:21.
2071:20.
2066:19.
2061:18.
2056:14.
2051:13.
2046:12.
2041:11.
2036:10.
1945:III
1704:Hai
1606:FdU
1601:BdU
1193:10
969:SM
957:).
945:U-3
551:U-5
134:of
42:by
2488::
2031:9.
2026:8.
2021:7.
2016:6.
2011:5.
2006:4.
2001:3.
1996:2.
1991:1.
1950:IV
1940:II
1337:^
1230:^
1190:3
1179:?
1171:2
1168:1
1157:?
1149:1
1146:2
1135:?
1124:2
1113:?
1091:?
1038:.
931:,
927:,
923:,
886:.
816:.
723:,
719:,
619:.
526:.
435:fr
1935:I
1478:e
1471:t
1464:v
1422:.
1403:.
1381:.
1277:.
760:t
316:e
309:t
302:v
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
