33:
662:
360:
226:
293:
427:
648:
1296:
510:
MCTs can be used in solutions, liquid suspensions and lipid-based drug delivery systems for emulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, creams, ointments, gels and foams as well as suppositories. MCTs are also suitable for use as solvent and liquid oily lubricant in soft gels. Brand names of
501:
community. While health benefits from MCTs seem to occur, a link to improved exercise performance is inconclusive. A number of studies back the use of MCT oil as a weight loss supplement, but these claims are not without conflict, as about an equal number found inconclusive results.
464:
supported evidence that MCT decreases subsequent energy intake compared to Long-Chain
Triglycerides (LCTs). Despite this, it does not appear to affect appetite, and thus the authors stated that further research is required to elucidate the mechanism by which this occurs.
496:
Some studies have shown that MCTs can help in the process of excess calorie burning, thus weight loss. MCTs are also seen as promoting fat oxidation and reduced food intake. MCTs have been recommended by some endurance athletes and the
566:. However, there is other evidence demonstrating no risk of ketoacidosis or ketonemia with MCTs at levels associated with normal consumption, and that the moderately elevated blood ketones can be an effective treatment for
1003:"Greater rise in fat oxidation with medium-chain triglyceride consumption relative to long-chain triglyceride is associated with lower initial body weight and greater loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue"
1648:
Rho JM, Anderson GD, Donevan SD, White HS (April 2002). "Acetoacetate, acetone, and dibenzylamine (a contaminant in l-(+)-beta-hydroxybutyrate) exhibit direct anticonvulsant actions in vivo".
936:
558:
finds reasonably easy to metabolize. They have potentially beneficial attributes in protein metabolism, but may be contraindicated in some situations due to a reported tendency to induce
1210:
Rego Costa AC, Rosado EL, Soares-Mota M (2012). "Influence of the dietary intake of medium chain triglycerides on body composition, energy expenditure and satiety: a systematic review".
573:
Due to their ability to be absorbed rapidly by the body, medium-chain triglycerides have found use in the treatment of a variety of malabsorption ailments. MCT supplementation with a
1613:
Viggiano A, Pilla R, Arnold P, Monda M, D'Agostino D, Coppola G (August 2015). "Anticonvulsant properties of an oral ketone ester in a pentylenetetrazole-model of seizure".
460:
437:
With regard to MCFAs, apart from the above listed straight chain (unbranched chain) fatty acids, side chain (branched chain) fatty acids also exist.
1138:
Clegg ME (November 2010). "Medium-chain triglycerides are advantageous in promoting weight loss although not beneficial to exercise performance".
897:
767:
2001:
Nagao K, Yanagita T (March 2010). "Medium-chain fatty acids: functional lipids for the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome".
100:. Retail MCT powder is MCT oil embedded in starch and thus contains carbohydrates in addition to fats. It is manufactured by spray drying.
592:
Orally ingested medium chain triglycerides would be very rapidly degraded by first-pass metabolism by being taken up in the liver via the
1881:"Medium-chain triglyceride supplementation under a low-carbohydrate formula is a promising therapy for adult-onset type II citrullinemia"
636:
than LCTs. Because of these attributes, they are widely used as carrier oils or solvents for flavours and oral medicines and vitamins.
1749:
1194:
722:
632:
MCTs are bland compared to other fats and do not generate off-notes (dissonant tastes) as quickly as LCTs. They are also more
548:
685:
32:
1964:
Labarthe F, GΓ©linas R, Des
Rosiers C (April 2008). "Medium-chain fatty acids as metabolic therapy in cardiac disease".
473:
Molecular weight analysis of milk from different species showed that while milk fats from all studied species were
477:
composed of long-chain fatty acids (16 and 18 carbons long), approximately 10β20% of the fatty acids in milk from
1406:
Waitzberg DL, Torrinhas RS, Jacintho TM (JulyβAugust 2006). "New parenteral lipid emulsions for clinical use".
675:
898:"A systematic review and meta-analysis of medium-chain triglycerides effects on acute satiety and food intake"
2040:
532:
2045:
1320:
Wanten GJ, Naber AH (October 2004). "Cellular and physiological effects of medium-chain triglycerides".
1247:"Analysis of the Physical Characteristics of an Anhydrous Vehicle for Compounded Pediatric Oral Liquids"
791:"The Increasing Use of Interesterified Lipids in the Food Supply and Their Effects on Health Parameters"
554:
Medium-chain triglycerides are generally considered a good biologically inert source of energy that the
524:
585:
emulsions in some countries. Studies have also shown promising results for epilepsy through the use of
582:
1096:"Physiological effects of medium-chain triglycerides: potential agents in the prevention of obesity"
97:
1989:
1838:
1801:
1673:
1474:
1431:
1163:
1032:
928:
728:
563:
61:
747:
2018:
1981:
1952:
1910:
1867:
1830:
1793:
1745:
1722:
1665:
1630:
1595:
1546:
1509:
1466:
1423:
1388:
1337:
1278:
1227:
1190:
1155:
1117:
1024:
983:
920:
878:
822:
763:
718:
633:
605:
451:
1186:
2010:
1973:
1931:
1900:
1892:
1859:
1822:
1783:
1712:
1704:
1657:
1622:
1585:
1577:
1564:
Chang P, Augustin K, Boddum K, Williams S, Sun M, Terschak JA, et al. (February 2016).
1536:
1501:
1458:
1415:
1378:
1368:
1329:
1268:
1258:
1219:
1147:
1107:
1074:
1066:
1014:
973:
912:
868:
860:
812:
802:
755:
710:
667:
578:
528:
36:
Typical example of a medium-chain triglyceride, containing three medium chain fatty acids (
551:
are treated with MCTs because MCTs do not require energy for absorption, use, or storage.
85:
69:
1693:"Ketogenic diet metabolites reduce firing in central neurons by opening K(ATP) channels"
1273:
1246:
17:
1935:
1905:
1880:
1717:
1692:
1590:
1565:
1462:
1383:
1356:
1079:
1054:
873:
848:
817:
790:
680:
609:
601:
586:
1879:
Hayasaka K, Numakura C, Toyota K, Kakizaki S, Watanabe H, Haga H, et al. (2014).
978:
961:
2034:
1661:
1541:
1528:
1505:
932:
864:
617:
544:
455:
305:
238:
165:
93:
37:
1993:
1943:
Kaunitz H (1986). "Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) in aging and arteriosclerosis".
1677:
1478:
1435:
1036:
732:
1842:
1708:
1626:
1167:
574:
540:
498:
53:
1805:
1263:
1070:
916:
359:
1896:
1419:
653:
593:
559:
372:
225:
89:
73:
41:
2014:
1492:
Neal EG, Cross JH (April 2010). "Efficacy of dietary treatments for epilepsy".
789:
Mensink RP, Sanders TA, Baer DJ, Hayes KC, Howles PN, Marangoni A (July 2016).
1977:
1850:
Bach AC, Babayan VK (November 1982). "Medium-chain triglycerides: an update".
1223:
1151:
714:
643:
597:
555:
57:
1449:
Krohn K, Koletzko B (May 2006). "Parenteral lipid emulsions in paediatrics".
1333:
962:"Molecular weight distributions of milk fat triglycerides from seven species"
759:
1863:
1813:
Babayan VK (June 1987). "Medium chain triglycerides and structured lipids".
536:
2022:
1985:
1914:
1797:
1726:
1669:
1634:
1599:
1581:
1550:
1513:
1470:
1427:
1392:
1341:
1282:
1245:
Banov D, Liu Y, Ip K, Shan A, Vu C, Zdoryk O, et al. (November 2023).
1231:
1159:
1121:
1112:
1095:
1028:
1019:
1002:
924:
882:
826:
292:
1956:
1871:
1834:
1566:"Seizure control by decanoic acid through direct AMPA receptor inhibition"
1373:
987:
847:
Chang P, Terbach N, Plant N, Chen PE, Walker MC, Williams RS (June 2013).
807:
1772:"Research on the nutritional characteristics of medium-chain fatty acids"
567:
520:
186:
426:
1826:
1788:
1771:
849:"Seizure control by ketogenic diet-associated medium chain fatty acids"
621:
613:
647:
192:
180:
705:
Gervajio GC (2005). "Fatty Acids and
Derivatives from Coconut Oil".
68:(MCFA). Rich food sources for commercial extraction of MCTs include
1922:
486:
478:
535:
or very-long-chain fatty acids. In addition, MCTs do not require
1007:
International
Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders
490:
482:
425:
358:
291:
224:
1945:
1357:"Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (Waldmann's disease)"
1451:
Current
Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
577:
has been described as the cornerstone of treatment for
1183:
1140:
International
Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition
1529:"Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic therapy"
1408:JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
754:(10th ed.). Springer. pp. 1100β1117.
748:"Soap , Fatty Acids , and Synthetic Detergents"
1185:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp.
905:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
842:
840:
838:
836:
461:Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
1053:Marten B, Pfeuffer M, Schrezenmeir J (2006).
624:have direct antiseizure activity is unclear.
581:. MCTs are an ingredient in some specialised
8:
960:Breckenridge WC, Kuksis A (September 1967).
620:. Whether the ketones Ξ²-hydroxybutyrate and
531:) without requirement for modification like
1770:Aoyama T, Nosaka N, Kasai M (August 2007).
1048:
1046:
511:pharma-grade MCT include Kollisolv MCT 70.
1852:The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
527:(longer fatty acids are absorbed into the
1904:
1885:Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports
1787:
1716:
1589:
1540:
1382:
1372:
1272:
1262:
1181:Talbott, Shawn M., Hughes, Kerry (2006).
1111:
1078:
1018:
977:
872:
816:
806:
752:Riegel's Handbook of Industrial Chemistry
1744:. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis.
1494:Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
1133:
1131:
707:Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products
412:
408:
404:
396:
392:
388:
345:
341:
337:
329:
325:
321:
278:
274:
270:
262:
258:
254:
211:
207:
203:
195:
189:
183:
107:
31:
1355:Vignes S, Bellanger J (February 2008).
697:
1001:St-Onge MP, Jones PJ (December 2003).
1691:Ma W, Berg J, Yellen G (April 2007).
7:
1776:The Journal of Medical Investigation
1322:Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
1094:St-Onge MP, Jones PJ (March 2002).
1936:10.1111/j.1745-4522.1996.tb00072.x
1463:10.1097/01.mco.0000222118.76536.ad
596:, and are quickly metabolized via
539:for absorption. Patients who have
64:tail of 6β12 carbon atoms, i.e. a
25:
1361:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
1966:Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy
1662:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.47901.x
1542:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01830.x
1506:10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01043.x
865:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.004
660:
646:
519:MCTs passively diffuse from the
942:from the original on 2021-07-15
549:fatty-acid metabolism disorders
493:were medium-chain fatty acids.
96:. They can also be produced by
1709:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0132-07.2007
1627:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.023
1:
1742:Handbook of Functional Lipids
1264:10.3390/pharmaceutics15112642
1071:10.1016/j.idairyj.2006.06.015
979:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)38904-5
917:10.1080/10408398.2020.1742654
686:List of saturated fatty acids
1055:"Medium-chain triglycerides"
746:Raymond ER, Kent JA (2003).
1897:10.1016/j.ymgmr.2013.12.002
1697:The Journal of Neuroscience
1420:10.1177/0148607106030004351
1059:International Dairy Journal
2062:
2015:10.1016/j.phrs.2009.11.007
896:Maher T, Clegg ME (2021).
1978:10.1007/s10557-008-6084-0
1224:10.3305/nh.2012.27.1.5369
1152:10.3109/09637481003702114
966:Journal of Lipid Research
715:10.1002/047167849X.bio039
134:
131:
124:
121:
118:
115:
110:
50:medium-chain triglyceride
2003:Pharmacological Research
1527:Liu YM (November 2008).
1334:10.2174/1389557043403503
1100:The Journal of Nutrition
760:10.1007/0-387-23816-6_27
676:List of carboxylic acids
506:Pharmaceutical relevance
92:and can be separated by
27:Medium-chain fatty acids
18:Medium-chain fatty acids
1301:pharmaceutical.basf.com
66:medium-chain fatty acid
1924:Journal of Food Lipids
1212:Nutricion Hospitalaria
1020:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802467
600:intermediates through
583:parenteral nutritional
533:long-chain fatty acids
430:
363:
296:
229:
45:
1864:10.1093/ajcn/36.5.950
1535:. 49 Suppl 8: 33β36.
1374:10.1186/1750-1172-3-5
808:10.3945/an.115.009662
795:Advances in Nutrition
525:hepatic portal system
429:
362:
295:
228:
35:
1582:10.1093/brain/awv325
1113:10.1093/jn/132.3.329
446:Calorie restriction
98:interesterification
1827:10.1007/BF02537271
1789:10.2152/jmi.54.385
1363:(Free full text).
1297:"Kollisolv MCT 70"
564:metabolic acidosis
431:
364:
297:
230:
84:MCTs are found in
56:with two or three
46:
1703:(14): 3618β3625.
1576:(Pt 2): 431β443.
1065:(11): 1374β1382.
1013:(12): 1565β1571.
853:Neuropharmacology
769:978-0-387-23816-6
606:citric acid cycle
587:ketogenic dieting
515:Medical relevance
469:Dietary relevance
452:systematic review
435:
434:
129:
16:(Redirected from
2053:
2026:
1997:
1960:
1951:(3β4): 115β121.
1939:
1918:
1908:
1875:
1846:
1809:
1791:
1782:(3β4): 385β388.
1756:
1755:
1740:Akoh CC (2006).
1737:
1731:
1730:
1720:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1593:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1544:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1022:
998:
992:
991:
981:
957:
951:
950:
948:
947:
941:
902:
893:
887:
886:
876:
844:
831:
830:
820:
810:
786:
780:
779:
777:
776:
743:
737:
736:
702:
670:
668:Chemistry portal
665:
664:
663:
656:
651:
650:
579:Waldmann disease
529:lymphatic system
416:
399:
377:Dodecanoic acid
349:
332:
282:
265:
215:
198:
127:
119:Salt/ester name
108:
21:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2000:
1963:
1942:
1921:
1878:
1849:
1812:
1769:
1765:
1763:Further reading
1760:
1759:
1752:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1491:
1490:
1486:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1305:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1137:
1136:
1129:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1000:
999:
995:
959:
958:
954:
945:
943:
939:
900:
895:
894:
890:
846:
845:
834:
788:
787:
783:
774:
772:
770:
745:
744:
740:
725:
704:
703:
699:
694:
666:
661:
659:
652:
645:
642:
630:
517:
508:
471:
448:
443:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
355:White crystals
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
191:
185:
179:
136:
126:
112:
106:
86:palm kernel oil
82:
80:Sources of MCTs
70:palm kernel oil
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2059:
2057:
2049:
2048:
2043:
2033:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2009:(3): 208β212.
1998:
1961:
1940:
1930:(4): 251β257.
1919:
1876:
1858:(5): 950β962.
1847:
1821:(6): 417β420.
1810:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1751:978-0849321627
1750:
1732:
1683:
1656:(4): 358β361.
1640:
1615:Brain Research
1605:
1556:
1519:
1500:(2): 113β119.
1484:
1457:(3): 319β323.
1441:
1414:(4): 351β367.
1398:
1347:
1328:(8): 847β857.
1312:
1288:
1237:
1218:(1): 103β108.
1202:
1196:978-0781746724
1195:
1173:
1146:(7): 653β679.
1127:
1106:(3): 329β332.
1086:
1042:
993:
972:(5): 473β478.
952:
911:(4): 636β648.
888:
832:
801:(4): 719β729.
781:
768:
738:
724:978-0471678496
723:
696:
695:
693:
690:
689:
688:
683:
681:Ketogenic diet
678:
672:
671:
657:
641:
638:
629:
628:Technical uses
626:
610:carbon dioxide
547:or particular
516:
513:
507:
504:
470:
467:
447:
444:
442:
439:
433:
432:
423:
420:
417:
400:
384:
381:
378:
375:
370:
366:
365:
356:
353:
350:
333:
317:
314:
311:
310:Decanoic acid
308:
303:
299:
298:
289:
286:
283:
266:
250:
247:
244:
243:Octanoic acid
241:
236:
232:
231:
222:
219:
216:
199:
177:
174:
171:
170:Hexanoic acid
168:
163:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
139:
138:
133:
130:
123:
120:
117:
114:
105:
102:
81:
78:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2058:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Triglycerides
2039:
2038:
2036:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1972:(2): 97β106.
1971:
1967:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1753:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:Pharmaceutics
1248:
1241:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1206:
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383:Dodecanoate
288:Oily liquid
221:Oily liquid
166:Caproic acid
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54:triglyceride
49:
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654:Food portal
608:to produce
602:Ξ²-oxidation
594:portal vein
560:ketogenesis
373:Lauric acid
306:Capric acid
157:Structural
151:Systematic
145:Systematic
132:Appearance
90:coconut oil
74:coconut oil
58:fatty acids
52:(MCT) is a
42:capric acid
2035:Categories
1306:2021-04-27
946:2021-06-24
775:2012-10-20
692:References
598:coenzyme A
556:human body
537:bile salts
316:Decanoate
249:Octanoate
246:Caprylate
176:Hexanoate
154:Molecular
137:structure
60:having an
1891:: 42β50.
1650:Epilepsia
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1533:Epilepsia
933:214683227
475:primarily
173:Caproate
62:aliphatic
2023:19931617
1994:25297875
1986:18253821
1915:27896073
1798:17878693
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1678:31196417
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1029:12975635
937:Archived
925:32212947
883:23177536
827:27422506
733:98315975
640:See also
604:and the
568:epilepsy
521:GI tract
380:Laurate
313:Caprate
135:Chemical
122:Formula
1957:3519928
1906:5121258
1872:6814231
1843:3942399
1835:3112486
1718:6672398
1591:4805082
1384:2288596
1168:6128370
1080:2020023
988:6049672
874:3625124
818:4942855
622:acetone
614:acetate
523:to the
450:A 2020
419:200.32
352:172.26
285:144.21
218:116.16
148:Common
142:Common
128:(g/mol)
113:number
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1570:Brain
1475:S2CID
1432:S2CID
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1187:60β63
1164:S2CID
1033:S2CID
940:(PDF)
929:S2CID
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729:S2CID
634:polar
491:goats
487:sheep
235:C8:0
162:C6:0
116:Name
111:Lipid
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1982:PMID
1953:PMID
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