Mass media - Knowledge (XXG)

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sparked a huge priority elevation of the cancer in people's consciousness. This was because news media began to report on the risks of prostate cancer, which in turn prompted a greater public awareness about the disease and the need for screening. This ability for the media to be able to change how the public thinks and behaves has occurred on other occasions. In mid-1970s when Betty Ford and Happy Rockefeller, wives of the then-President and then-Vice President, respectively, were both diagnosed with breast cancer. J. J. Davis states that "when risks are highlighted in the media, particularly in great detail, the extent of agenda setting is likely to be based on the degree to which a public sense of outrage and threat is provoked". When wanting to set an agenda, framing can be invaluably useful to a mass media organisation. Framing involves "taking a leadership role in the organisation of public discourse about an issue". The media is influenced by the desire for balance in coverage, and the resulting pressures can come from groups with particular political action and advocacy positions. Finnegan and Viswanath say, "groups, institutions and advocates compete to identify problems, to move them onto the public agenda, and to define the issues symbolically" (1997, p. 324).

1060:, but has far wider reach, with 3.3 billion mobile phone users at the end of 2007 to 1.3 billion internet users (source ITU). Like email on the internet, the top application on mobile is also a personal messaging service, but SMS text messaging is used by over 2.4 billion people. Practically all internet services and applications exist or have similar cousins on mobile, from search to multiplayer games to virtual worlds to blogs. Mobile has several unique benefits which many mobile media pundits claim make mobile a more powerful media than either TV or the internet, starting with mobile being permanently carried and always connected. Mobile has the best audience accuracy and is the only mass media with a built-in payment channel available to every user without any credit cards or PayPal accounts or even an age limit. Mobile is often called the 7th Mass Medium and either the fourth screen (if counting cinema, TV and PC screens) or the third screen (counting only TV and PC). 983:, too, has become a pervasive form of media. A blog is a website, usually maintained by an individual, with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or interactive media such as images or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse chronological order, with most recent posts shown on top. Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images and other graphics, and links to other blogs, web pages, and related media. The ability for readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (artlog), photographs (photoblog), sketchblog, videos (vlog), music (MP3 blog) and audio (podcasting), are part of a wider network of social media. 634: 1276: 1659:

entertainment, because the colour and sound engaged the viewers/listeners and because it was easier for the general public to passively watch TV or listen to the radio than to actively read. In recent times, the Internet become the latest and most popular mass medium. Information has become readily available through websites, and easily accessible through search engines. One can do many activities at the same time, such as playing games, listening to music and social networking, irrespective of location. Whilst other forms of mass media are restricted in the type of information they can offer, the internet comprises a large percentage of the

327:) provide a common gaming experience to millions of users across the globe and convey the same messages and ideologies to all their users. Users sometimes share the experience with one another by playing online. Excluding the Internet, however, it is questionable whether players of video games are sharing a common experience when they play the game individually. It is possible to discuss in great detail the events of a video game with a friend one has never played with, because the experience is identical to each. The question, then, is whether this is a form of mass communication. 1933:

portraying a particular set of beliefs, values and traditions (an entire way of life), as reality. That is, by portraying a certain interpretation of reality, they shape reality to be more in line with that interpretation. Mass media also play a crucial role in the spread of civil unrest activities such as anti-government demonstrations, riots and general strikes. That is, the use of radio and television receivers has made the unrest influence among cities not only by the geographic location of cities, but also by proximity within the mass media distribution networks.

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advertising in sports stadiums. Tobacco and alcohol manufacturers used billboards and other outdoor media extensively. However, in 1998, the Master Settlement Agreement between the US and the tobacco industries prohibited the billboard advertising of cigarettes. In a 1994 Chicago-based study, Diana Hackbarth and her colleagues revealed how tobacco- and alcohol-based billboards were concentrated in poor neighbourhoods. In other urban centers, alcohol and tobacco billboards were much more concentrated in African-American neighbourhoods than in white neighbourhoods.

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gang violence and other forms of anti-social behavior has resulted in a distorted and harmful public perception of African Americans. In his 1999 article "Mass Media and Racism", Balkaran states: "The media has played a key role in perpetuating the effects of this historical oppression and in contributing to African Americans' continuing status as second-class citizens." This has resulted in an uncertainty among white Americans as to what the genuine nature of African Americans really is. Despite the resulting

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companies, but they have recently merged to form an elite which have the power to control the narrative of stories and alter people's beliefs. In the new media-driven age we live in, marketing has more value than ever before because of the various ways it can be implemented. Advertisements can convince consumers to purchase or avoid a particular product. What a society accepts can be dictated by the amount and kind of attention the media gives it.

1008:, and personal blogs. It is a family of Web feed formats used to publish frequently updated content such as blog entries, news headlines, and podcasts. An RSS document (which is called a "feed" or "web feed" or "channel") contains either a summary of content from an associated web site or the full text. RSS makes it possible for people to keep up with web sites in an automated manner that can be piped into special programs or filtered displays. 1937: 1891:

and men to be buff. After the attacks of 9/11, the media gave extensive coverage of the event and exposed Osama Bin Laden's guilt for the attack, information they were told by the authorities. This shaped the public opinion to support the war on terrorism, and later, the war on Iraq. A main concern is that due to this extreme power of the mass media, portraying inaccurate information could lead to an immense public concern. In his book

2003: 1801: 5779: 4707: 1953: 172: 5789: 1094: 47: 5768: 1450: 5799: 682:" refers to one that is played on a device specifically designed for the use of such, while interfacing with a standard television set. A "video game" (or "videogame") has evolved into a catchall phrase that encompasses the aforementioned along with any game made for any other device, including, but not limited to, advanced calculators, mobile phones, 1237:. It may be general or special interest, most often published daily or weekly. The most important function of newspapers is to inform the public of significant events. Local newspapers inform local communities and include advertisements from local businesses and services, while national newspapers tend to focus on a theme, which can be exampled with 1743: 1617: 1207: 1920:

result of the TV, the effect is often based on socioeconomic factors. Having a prolonged exposure to TV or movie violence might affect a viewer to the extent where they actively think community violence is a problem, or alternatively find it justifiable. The resulting belief is likely to be different depending on where people live, however.

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remained too expensive really to be called a mass-medium for at least a century after that. Newspapers developed from about 1612, with the first example in English in 1620; but they took until the 19th century to reach a mass-audience directly. The first high-circulation newspapers arose in London in the early 1800s, such as

1655:, and were made possible by the invention of high-speed rotary steam printing presses, and railroads which allowed large-scale distribution over wide geographical areas. The increase in circulation, however, led to a decline in feedback and interactivity from the readership, making newspapers a more one-way medium. 1629:", printed in China in 868 AD, although it is clear that books were printed earlier. Movable clay type was invented in 1041 in China. However, due to the slow spread of literacy to the masses in China, and the relatively high cost of paper there, the earliest printed mass-medium was probably European 2124:

Theorist Lance Bennett explains that excluding a few major events in recent history, it is uncommon for a group big enough to be labeled a mass, to be watching the same news via the same medium of mass production. Bennett's critique of 21st-century mass media argues that today it is more common for a

2060:). This can directly correlate with how individuals may perceive certain groups of people, as the only media coverage a person receives can be very limited and may not reflect the whole story or situation; stories are often covered to reflect a particular perspective to target a specific demographic. 1648:

in 1453. The invention of the printing press gave rise to some of the first forms of mass communication, by enabling the publication of books and newspapers on a scale much larger than was previously possible. The invention also transformed the way the world received printed materials, although books

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however. Paid circulation is declining in most countries, and advertising revenue, which makes up the bulk of a newspaper's income, is shifting from print to online; some commentators, nevertheless, point out that historically new media such as radio and television did not entirely supplant existing.

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is a computer-controlled game in which a video display, such as a monitor or television set, is the primary feedback device. The term "computer game" also includes games which display only text or which use other methods, such as sound or vibration, as their primary feedback device. There always must

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people are influenced in how they think about issues due to the selective nature of what media groups choose for public consumption. After publicly disclosing that he had prostate cancer prior to the 2000 New York senatorial election, Rudolph Giuliani, the mayor of New York City (aided by the media)

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have been sued in the past, the plaintiffs claiming that it was the fault of their liminal and subliminal advertising that "forced" them to purchase the product. The Barbie and Ken dolls of the 1950s are sometimes cited as the main cause for the obsession in modern-day society for women to be skinny

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Between 1985 and 2018, about 76,720 deals have been announced in the media industry. This sums up to an overall value of around US$ 5,634 billion. There have been three major waves of M&A in the mass media sector (2000, 2007 and 2015), while the most active year in terms of numbers was 2007 with

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files, karaoke, music videos, music streaming services, etc.); over $ 5 billion worth of mobile gaming; and various news, entertainment and advertising services. In Japan mobile phone books are so popular that five of the ten best-selling printed books were originally released as mobile phone books.

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and other portable devices, and today the total value of media consumed on mobile vastly exceeds that of internet content, and was worth over $ 31 billion in 2007 (source Informa). The mobile media content includes over $ 8 billion worth of mobile music (ringing tones, ringback tones, truetones, MP3

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With the exception of the Super Bowl and national crises such as 9/11 or the invasion of Iraq, it makes little sense to talk about a mass media audience any longer, at least one defined by large numbers of people gathering around televisions and watching the same information fed from a few sources.

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which generally assumed that the development of mass communication has had a largely negative impact on modern social life, creating a kind of bland and homogeneous culture which entertains individuals without challenging them. However, interactive digital media have also been seen to challenge the

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from about 1400. Although these were produced in huge numbers, very few early examples survive, and even most known to be printed before about 1600 have not survived. The term "mass media" was coined with the creation of print media, which is notable for being the first example of mass media, as we

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Eco (2014), p. 135: "Not long ago, if you wanted to seize political power in a country, you had merely to control the army and the police. Today it is only in the most backward countries that fascist generals, in carrying out a coup d'etat, still use tanks. If a country has reached a high level of

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is confused. Interpersonal/niche communication is an exchange of information and information in a specific genre. In this form of communication, smaller groups of people are consuming news/information/opinions. In contrast, mass media in its original form is not restricted by genre and it is being

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The phrase "the media" began to be used in the 1920s. The notion of "mass media" was generally restricted to print media up until the post-Second World War, when radio, television and video were introduced. The audio-visual facilities became very popular, because they provided both information and

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Outdoor media is a form of mass media which comprises billboards, signs, placards placed inside and outside commercial buildings/objects like shops/buses, flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes), blimps, skywriting, AR advertising. Many commercial advertisers use this form of mass media when

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as they offer news on finance and business related-topics. The first printed newspaper was published in 1605, and the form has thrived even in the face of competition from technologies such as radio and television. Recent developments on the Internet are posing major threats to its business model,

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is a series of digital-media files which are distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and computers. The term podcast, like broadcast, can refer either to the series of content itself or to the method by which it is syndicated; the latter is also

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The Internet is quickly becoming the center of mass media. Everything is becoming accessible via the internet. Rather than picking up a newspaper, or watching the 10 o'clock news, people can log onto the internet to get the news they want, when they want it. For example, many workers listen to the

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technologies may have begun the process of making the cost of bandwidth manageable. Although a vast amount of information, imagery, and commentary (i.e. "content") has been made available, it is often difficult to determine the authenticity and reliability of information contained in web pages (in

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When the study of mass media began the media was compiled of only mass media which is a very different media system than the social media empire of the 21st-century experiences. With this in mind, there are critiques that mass media no longer exists, or at least that it does not exist in the same

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According to Stephen Balkaran, an Instructor of Political Science and African American Studies at Central Connecticut State University, mass media has played a large role in the way white Americans perceive African Americans. The media focus on African American in the contexts of crime, drug use,

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Mass media play a significant role in shaping public perceptions on a variety of important issues, both through the information that is dispensed through them, and through the interpretations they place upon this information. They also play a large role in shaping modern culture, by selecting and

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the extent to which media exposure shapes audience perceptions over time is known as cultivation. Television is a common experience, especially in places like the United States, to the point where it can be described as a "homogenising agent" (S. W. Littlejohn). However, instead of being merely a

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their reports prior to publication, adhering to each organisation's standards of accuracy, quality and style. Many news organisation claim proud traditions of holding government officials and institutions accountable to the public, while media critics have raised questions about holding the press

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in outdoor or print media to direct mobile users to a website. In this way, they can use the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords, as thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor media

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use marketing public relations to convey information about the products they manufacture or services they provide to potential customers to support their direct sales efforts. Typically, they support sales in the short and long term, establishing and burnishing the corporation's branding for a

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networks and programing, video news, sports entertainment, and other—were owned by six major companies (GE, News-Corp, Disney, Viacom, Time Warner and CBS). According to Morris Creative Group, these six companies made over $ 200 billion in revenue in 2010. More diversity is brewing among many

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relies on the Internet. Teachers can contact the entire class by sending one e-mail. They may have web pages on which students can get another copy of the class outline or assignments. Some classes have class blogs in which students are required to post weekly, with students graded on their

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games), or a combination of any of the above. Also, more esoteric devices have been used for input, e.g., the player's motion. Usually there are rules and goals, but in more open-ended games the player may be free to do whatever they like within the confines of the virtual universe.

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many cases, self-published). The invention of the Internet has also allowed breaking news stories to reach around the globe within minutes. This rapid growth of instantaneous, decentralised communication is often deemed likely to change mass media and its relationship to society.

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outlet is often forced to cover national and international news due to it having to cater for and be relevant for a wide demographic. As such, it has to skip over many interesting or important local stories because they simply do not interest the large majority of their viewers.

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group of people to be receiving different news stories, from completely different sources, and thus, mass media has been re-invented. As discussed above, filters would have been applied to original mass medias when the journalists decided what would or would not be printed.

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Corporations also use public relations as a vehicle to reach legislators and other politicians, seeking favorable tax, regulatory, and other treatment, and they may use public relations to portray themselves as enlightened employers, in support of human-resources recruiting

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industrialization the whole scene changes. The day after the fall of Khrushchev, the editors of Pravda, Izvestiia, the heads of the radio and television were replaced; the army wasn't called out. Today a country belongs to the person who controls communications."

952:"Cross-media" means the idea of distributing the same message through different media channels. A similar idea is expressed in the news industry as "convergence". Many authors understand cross-media publishing to be the ability to publish in both 1905:

the mass media influences knowledge gaps due to factors including "the extent to which the content is appealing, the degree to which information channels are accessible and desirable, and the amount of social conflict and diversity there is in a

857:(also known simply as "the Net" or less precisely as "the Web") is a more interactive medium of mass media, and can be briefly described as "a network of networks". Specifically, it is the worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected 438:

programs are distributed over frequency bands which are highly regulated in the United States. Such regulation includes determination of the width of the bands, range, licensing, types of receivers and transmitters used, and acceptable content.

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is anyone who gained fame on the Internet, whether it be creating contenton social media sites or creating posts on blogging platforms and making a revenue through it through means such as sponsorships and advertisements. One such example is a

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of symbolic forms" – as the production of materials relies on its ability to manufacture and sell large quantities of the work; as radio stations rely on their time sold to advertisements, so too newspapers rely on their space for the same

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The history of mass media can be traced back to the days when dramas were performed in various ancient cultures. This was the first time when a form of media was "broadcast" to a wider audience. The first dated printed book known is the

1436:, including schools and universities, hospitals, and human and social service agencies, use public relations in support of awareness programs, fund-raising programs, staff recruiting, and to increase patronage of their services. 1159:, distinct from those periodicals produced by scientific, artistic, academic or special interest publishers which are subscription-only, more expensive, narrowly limited in circulation, and often have little or no advertising. 812:. Modern music videos were primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, they came into their own in the 1980s, when 1439:

Politicians use public relations to attract votes and raise money, and when successful at the ballot box, to promote and defend their service in office, with an eye to the next election or, at career's end, to their

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by their content and point of view. Alternative media are also "mass media" outlets in the sense that they use technology capable of reaching many people, even if the audience is often smaller than the mainstream.

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Developers may use publishers to reach larger or foreign markets, or to avoid focussing on marketing. Or publishers may use developers to create software to meet a market need that the publisher has identified.

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Since the 1950s, when cinema, radio and TV began to be the primary or only source of information for most of the population, these media became the central instruments of mass control. When a country reaches a

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Toward the end of the 20th century, the advent of the World Wide Web marked the first era in which most individuals could have a means of exposure on a scale comparable to that of mass media. Anyone with a

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The term "mass" suggests that the recipients of media products constitute a vast sea of passive, undifferentiated individuals. This is an image associated with some earlier critiques of "mass culture" and

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to the number of copies sold, and as volumes went up, unit costs went down, increasing profit margins further. Vast fortunes were to be made in mass media. In a democratic society, the media can serve the

606:. Films comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are shown in rapid succession, an illusion of motion is created. Flickering between frames is not seen because of an effect known as 347:"omprises both technical and institutional methods of production and distribution" – This is evident throughout the history of mass media, from print to the Internet, each suitable for commercial utility 202:

In the late 20th century, mass media could be classified into eight mass media industries: books, the Internet, magazines, movies, newspapers, radio, recordings and television. The explosion of digital

610:, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Also of relevance is what causes the perception of motion: a psychological effect identified as 1583:

Software publishers often license software from developers with specific limitations, such as a time limit or geographical region. The terms of licensing vary enormously, and are typically secret.

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The internet has challenged the press as an alternative source of information and opinion but has also provided a new platform for newspaper organisations to reach new audiences. According to the

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form as it once did. This original form of mass media put filters on what the general public would be exposed to in regards to "news" something that is harder to do in a society of social media.

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allowed the electronic duplication of information for the first time. Mass media had the economics of linear replication: a single work could make money. An example of Riel and Neil's theory.

1537:; (1) as the process of giving formal notice to the world of a significant intention, for example, to marry or enter bankruptcy, and; (2) as the essential precondition of being able to claim 389:

In common usage, the term "mass" denotes not that a given number of individuals receives the products, but rather that the products are available in principle to a plurality of recipients.

119:, and Internet-based radio and television. Many other mass media outlets have an additional presence on the web, by such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing 1048:

in 1979 but became a mass media only in 1998 when the first downloadable ringing tones were introduced in Finland. Soon most forms of media content were introduced on mobile phones,

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in the late 20th and early 21st centuries made prominent the question: what forms of media should be classified as "mass media"? For example, it is controversial whether to include

140:; flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes); placards or kiosks placed inside and outside buses, commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, subway cars, or trains; signs; or 314:

While a telephone is a two-way communication device, mass media communicates to a large group. In addition, the telephone has transformed into a cell phone which is equipped with

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Film has emerged as an important art form. They entertain, educate, enlighten and inspire audiences. Any film can become a worldwide attraction, especially with the addition of

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and various other technologies built atop the general distribution network. The sixth and seventh media, Internet and mobile phones, are often referred to collectively as

2013: 1811: 5828: 4164: 816:'s format was based on them. In the 1980s, the term "rock video" was often used to describe this form of entertainment, although the term has fallen into disuse. 1418:

is the art and science of managing communication between an organisation and its key publics to build, manage and sustain its positive image. Examples include:

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around 3,808 deals. The United States is the most prominent country in media M&A with 41 of the top 50 deals having an acquirer from the United States.

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Mass media sources, through theories like framing and agenda-setting, can affect the scope of a story as particular facts and information are highlighted (

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Powers, Shawn; el-Nawawy, Mohammed (December 2009). "Al-Jazeera English and global news networks: clash of civilizations or cross-cultural dialogue?".

1394:), because journalists often record important events, producing news articles on short deadlines. While under pressure to be first with their stories, 204: 1895:, Matthew P. McAllister says that "a well-developed media system, informing and teaching its citizens, helps democracy move toward its ideal state". 1869:

combines the other two theories and claims that people interact with media to create their own meanings out of the images and messages they receive.

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programs are often broadcast simultaneously with radio and television programs, but have a more limited audience. By coding signals and requiring a

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theorizes that because people usually choose what media to interact with based on what they already believe, media exerts a negligible influence.

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Video games may also be evolving into a mass medium. Video games (for example, massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), such as

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devices with mutually incompatible data and screen formats make it even more difficult to achieve the objective "create once, publish many".

1640:'s invention of the printing press allowed the mass production of books to sweep the nation. He printed the first book, a Latin Bible, on a 3528: 2131:

is a large contributor to the change from mass media to a new paradigm because through social media what is mass communication and what is

1753: 1576:. In some companies, two or all three of these roles may be combined (and indeed, may reside in a single person, especially in the case of 1764: 1296:

Mass media encompasses much more than just news, although it is sometimes misunderstood in this way. It can be used for various purposes:

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in the definition. In the early 2000s, a classification called the "seven mass media" came into use. In order of introduction, they are:

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access. A question arises whether this makes cell phones a mass medium or simply a device used to access a mass medium (the Internet).

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Contrary to some common usage, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not synonymous: the Internet is the system of interconnected

674:" refers to a game designed to be played in an establishment in which patrons pay to play on a per-use basis. A "computer game" or " 2227: 2449: 717:

using purely mechanical techniques, the field has advanced with the invention of electrical recording, the mass production of the

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Each mass medium has its own content types, creative artists, technicians and business models. For example, the Internet includes

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that control these technologies include movie studios, publishing companies, and radio and television stations; they often form

5497: 4224: 2878: 2166: 1255:, where the dramatic increase in sales in a few select countries has offset falls in historically strong Asian markets such as 476:. On the other hand, two or more organisations may share a channel and each use it during a fixed part of the day, such as the 873:(IP). It consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business and governmental networks, which together carry various 5492: 5043: 4710: 4150: 3219:

In just one decade, between 1993 and 2004, the percentage of people who regularly watched network TV news dropped 34 percent.

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Magazines fall into two broad categories: consumer magazines and business magazines. In practice, magazines are a subset of

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Turner, Graeme (November 2016). "2015 Henry Mayer Lecture: critical media studies and the re-invention of the media".

2132: 1348: 336: 2908: 2367: 1476:– the activity of making information available for public view. In some cases, authors may be their own publishers. 1251:, between 2012 and 2016, print newspaper circulation continued to fall in almost all regions, with the exception of 5641: 5563: 5502: 5209: 4209: 2631:

Sex, love & romance in the mass media: analysis & criticism of unrealistic portrayals & their influence

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were kept together in a book resembling a photo album. The first collection of records to be called an "album" was

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An album is a collection of related audio recordings, released together to the public, usually commercially.

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in 1983 brought massive improvements in ruggedness and quality. The most recent developments have been in

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such as microphones, recording devices and loudspeakers. From early beginnings with the invention of the

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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.

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In 1997, J. R. Finnegan Jr. and K. Viswanath identified three main effects or functions of mass media:

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The shots seen 'round the world: The impact of the images of Mogadishu on American military operations

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is a format for syndicating news and the content of news-like sites, including major news sites like

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and emergency alerts (that can be used as political device to communicate propaganda to the public).

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is often used. In 2004, a new phenomenon occurred when a number of technologies combined to produce

5823: 5359: 5299: 5058: 5020: 4877: 4818: 4803: 4627: 4602: 4106: 3918: 3792: 3706: 2161: 2112:, with many media industries already highly concentrated and dominated by a small number of firms. 2102: 1926: 1523: 446: 5586: 5543: 5474: 5344: 5274: 5249: 5184: 5031: 4752: 4466: 4441: 4416: 4341: 4284: 4085: 4027: 3951: 3863: 3853: 3776: 3690: 3668: 3582: 3138: 3046: 2176: 2065: 1873: 1637: 1596: 1569: 1554: 1390:-oriented journalism is sometimes described as the "first rough draft of history" (attributed to 663: 489: 403: 261: 191: 74: 4567: 3525: 1978: 5626: 5548: 5462: 5445: 5408: 5294: 5254: 5084: 5053: 4919: 4813: 4497: 4065: 3883: 3858: 3771: 3678: 3658: 3622: 3602: 3587: 3449: 3379: 3322: 3289: 3268: 3262: 3238: 3192: 3101: 3095: 3011: 2850: 2821: 2784: 2744: 2715: 2707: 2686: 2678: 2635: 2608: 2581: 2531: 2505: 2403: 2322: 2279: 1565: 1057: 870: 768: 742: 730: 544: 412: 382: 229: 125: 3316: 3283: 2736: 2629: 2573: 2316: 1863:

argues that the media reflects and projects the view of a minority elite, which controls it.

1667:. Modern-day mass media includes the internet, mobile phones, blogs, podcasts and RSS feeds. 1252: 1144:

that is in advance of the date it is actually published. They are often printed in colour on

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Peter Medlin, WNIJ, "Illinois Is the First State to Have High Schools Teach News Literacy",

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Mass Media and Historical Change: Germany in International Perspective, 1400 to the Present

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World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 2017/2018

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containing news and information and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called

1049: 710: 659: 591: 477: 428:. With all technological endeavours a number of technical terms and slang have developed. 365: 351: 304: 165: 80: 4857: 2467: 1976:, depicting a drunken Irishman lighting a powder keg and swinging a bottle. Published in 2987: 2223: 741:, gave a major boost to the mass distribution of music recordings, and the invention of 364:"nformation distribution" – a "one to many" form of communication, whereby products are 5457: 5329: 5304: 5264: 5234: 5109: 4944: 4830: 4692: 4687: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4612: 4587: 4572: 4562: 4557: 4502: 3946: 3928: 3893: 3848: 3827: 3711: 3484: 3467: 3006: 2971: 2453: 1941: 1641: 1630: 894: 790: 603: 555:

for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms for film exist, such as

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Its "reach to those 'far removed' in time and space, in comparison to the producers"

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has the potential to address a global audience, although serving to high levels of

929: 746: 679: 647: 501: 493: 461: 454: 450: 280: 222:(books, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, posters, etc.) from the late 15th century 208: 112: 2604:

Mass media unleashed: how Washington policymakers shortchanged the American public

2527:

World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development Global Report 201/2018

2084:

Lack of local or specific topic focus is a common criticism of mass media. A mass

1604:, which is an internet celebrity who creates content on the social media platform 3443: 3373: 3309: 3156: 2996: 2397: 5684: 5334: 5244: 5229: 5189: 5149: 5008: 4632: 4239: 3991: 3812: 3749: 3721: 3642: 2196: 1961: 1716: 1473: 1422: 1391: 1369: 1304: 1280: 1260: 1230: 1174: 1149: 1114: 1110: 1098: 1027:

called podcasting. The host or author of a podcast is often called a podcaster.

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Five characteristics of mass communication have been identified by sociologist

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Mass Communications, Society, and Politics from the Empire to the Third Reich

3134: 3042: 2765:

Mass Communications, Society, and Politics from the Empire to the Third Reich

2679:""The role of feedback in assessing the news on mass media and the Internet"" 2105:, the mass media of cinema, radio and TV have a key role in political power. 1634:

use the term today. This form of media started in Europe in the Middle Ages.

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Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works such as

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is another type of blogging which consists of blogs with very short posts.

37:"Popular Press" redirects here. For the publisher named Popular Press, see 1929:, the country itself "belongs to the person who controls communications". 1449: 5669: 5659: 5576: 5401: 5224: 3966: 2359: 1872:

In 2012, an article asserted that 90 percent of all mass media—including

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and on the web without manual conversion effort. An increasing number of

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may broadcast several programs simultaneously, through several channels (

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on the cover of Al-Kawakeb magazine, March 1961, an example of mass media

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News Incorporated: Corporate Media Ownership And Its Threat To Democracy

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Campbell, Cecilia. 2017. "World Press Trends 2017". Frankfurt: WAN-IFRA.

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lampooned the assumed stupidity of black people. Detail from cover of

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The term "mass media" is sometimes erroneously used as a synonym for "

358:"eparate contexts between the production and reception of information" 5694: 5654: 4976: 4768: 4721: 4329: 4324: 1368:

is the discipline of collecting, analyzing, verifying and presenting

1330: 905: 595: 149: 2972:"Global Civil Unrest: Contagion, Self-Organization, and Prediction" 2341:

Sashwat Yogi "Role Of Media In Social Awareness (A Review Study)."

1341:

along with light reading; since the late 20th century also through

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connections etc.; the Web is the contents, or the interconnected

819:

Music videos can accommodate all styles of filmmaking, including

144:. Print media transmit information via physical objects, such as 5621: 3537: 3422:

Voices of a Nation: A History of Mass Media in the United States

1946:

The Celebrated Negro Melodies, as Sung by the Virginia Minstrels

1670:

During the 20th century, the growth of mass media was driven by

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itself accountable to the standards of professional journalism.

1387: 1380:, issues and people. Those who practice journalism are known as 1373: 1121: 980: 809: 534: 288: 255: 145: 84: 4725: 4146: 3541: 3404:

Mass Persuasion: A Historical Encyclopedia, 1500 to the Present

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History of the mass media in the United States: an encyclopedia

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is still relatively expensive. It is possible that the rise of

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about issues regarding government and corporate entities (see

1534: 995: 925: 764: 249: 678:" refers to a game that is played on a personal computer. A " 515:. Podcasting is an asynchronous broadcast/narrowcast medium. 107:

mass communication. Internet media comprise such services as

30:"Mass Media" redirects here. For the video game company, see 2877:. Institute for Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances (IMAA). 2266:. Buzzle.com. Archived from the original on 14 November 2011 808:

that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a

27:

Media that can reach a large audience via mass communication

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Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet

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personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay

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Riesman, David and Gitlin, Todd and Glazer, Nathan (1950)

2808:. Buzzle.com. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011 2683:

Encyclopedia of library and information science, Volume 65

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Converging Media: A New Introduction to Mass Communication

2318:

Arguing for a general framework for mass media scholarship

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Contemporary research demonstrates an increasing level of

1303:, both for business and social concerns. This can include 3402:

Cull, Nicholas John, David Culbert and David Welch, eds.

1487:. With the advent of digital information systems and the 1457:

demonstrates printing with a 19th-century, hand-operated

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from March 1952 stereotyping women drivers. It features

1113:

containing a variety of articles, generally financed by

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radio through the Internet while sitting at their desk.

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Shopping carts for children fitted with gaming computers

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at individual recipients' locations, cable also enables

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Special interest magazines (women's, sports, business,

2101:

Since the 1950s, in the countries that have reached a

83:

transmit information electronically via media such as

2656:"Concise History of the British Newspaper Since 1620" 654:

combinations (on arcade games), a keyboard and mouse/

424:

The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a

2901:"6 Corporations Control 90% Of The Media in America" 507:

When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term

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Environmental Development Plan (EDP): Photovoltaics

1715:The largest deal in history was the acquisition of 311:have developed into a distinct mass form of media. 2842: 2578:Radical mass media criticism: a cultural genealogy 2435:David Bordwell, Kristin Thompson, and Jeff Smith, 1491:, the scope of publishing has expanded to include 3476:(Oxford University press 2010) 448 pp, on Germany 3267:. Translated by Waever, William. San Diego: HMH. 2504:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 75. 2402:. Stanford University Press. pp. 26–28, 74. 1468:is the industry concerned with the production of 1218:, showing newspaper headlines from the day after 368:and disseminated to a great quantity of audiences 2940: 2938: 2737:"The Origins of Mass Media in the United States" 3429:Media Studies: Media History, Media and Society 3288:. Manchester University Press. pp. 26–27. 3285:Mass communications: a comparative introduction 3282:Lorimer, Rowland & Scannell, Patty (1994). 2928: 2926: 2098:read-only paradigm of earlier broadcast media. 1279:Political advertisements on a billboard in the 3071:. The Yale Political Quarterly. Archived from 2739:. In Wells, Allen; Hakenen, Ernest A. (eds.). 1101:on the cover for Al-Mawwid magazine, June 1972 781:, release in April 1909 as a four-disc set by 701:or mechanical re-creation or amplification of 4737: 4158: 3553: 3512:The Media: Carriers of Contagious Information 2010:The examples and perspective in this section 1808:The examples and perspective in this section 1620:Early wooden printing press, depicted in 1520 303:; and the fourth and fifth, radio and TV, as 55: 8: 3347: This article incorporates text from a 168:can also be considered forms of mass media. 5752:Global telecommunications regulation bodies 3321:. James Lorimer & Company. p. 88. 1056:Similar to the internet, mobile is also an 381:". Mainstream media are distinguished from 5788: 4744: 4730: 4722: 4165: 4151: 4143: 3739: 3560: 3546: 3538: 2743:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 10. 2607:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 1–2. 2391: 2389: 2387: 2385: 2028:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 1826:, or create a new section, as appropriate. 1530:and other works dealing with information. 1267:'s print circulation grew by 89 per cent. 525:, are principal proponents of podcasting. 3005: 2995: 2767:(Oxford University Press 2010) on Germany 2576:. In Berry, David; Theobald John (eds.). 2044:Learn how and when to remove this message 1893:The Commercialization of American Culture 1842:Learn how and when to remove this message 1783:Learn how and when to remove this message 3351:work. Licensed under CC BY SA 3.0 IGO ( 2965: 2963: 2952: 2950: 2343:Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 1329:, traditionally through performances of 1092: 1080:Publishing § Industry sub-divisions 170: 124:transmits information via such media as 3464:The Encyclopedia of American journalism 3445:Mass Media: a bibliography with indexes 3434:Graber, Doris A., and Johanna Dunaway. 3420:Folkerts, Jean and Dwight Teeter, eds. 2777:Briggs, Asa & Burke, Peter (2010). 2208: 1506:, publishing includes the development, 1263:. Most notably, between 2012 and 2016, 5829:Promotion and marketing communications 2819: 2500:Pavlik, John; McIntosh, Shawn (2017). 2277: 625:that translate the original language. 2932:Lorimer and Scannell (1994) pp. 26–27 2544:from the original on 13 December 2021 2495: 2493: 1004:, news-oriented community sites like 7: 5798: 3191:(9 ed.). Pearson. p. 237. 2881:from the original on 3 November 2020 2478:from the original on 2 December 2006 3481:Encyclopedia of American Journalism 1974:The Usual Irish Way of Doing Things 1533:Publication is also important as a 496:programming, with several channels 373:Mass vs. mainstream and alternative 3526:The Evolution of Global Mass Media 3208:from the original on 3 August 2020 3097:The Sage Handbook of Media Studies 3067:Balkaran, Stephen (October 1999). 2710:. In Valdivia, Angharad N. (ed.). 1972:American political cartoon titled 1120:Magazines are typically published 25: 3406:(2003) 479 pp; worldwide coverage 2370:from the original on 27 June 2013 2230:from the original on 7 April 2020 2072:, tend to reinforce or introduce 1723:Inc. for US$ 164,746.86 million. 1518:of newspapers, magazines, books, 1166:General interest magazines (e.g. 763:originated from the fact that 78 737:in the 1960s, followed by Sony's 5797: 5787: 5778: 5777: 5766: 5387:Free-space optical communication 4706: 4705: 4360: 4056:Concentration of media ownership 3436:Mass media and American politics 3342: 2714:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 102. 2634:. Psychology Press. p. 69. 2580:. Black Rose Books. p. 41. 2574:"In Pursuit of Socialized Press" 2110:concentration of media ownership 2001: 1799: 1741: 1701:concentration of media ownership 1356:Professions involving mass media 1162:Magazines can be classified as: 695:Sound recording and reproduction 690:Audio recording and reproduction 658:combination (computer games), a 73:that reach a large audience via 4225:Computer-mediated communication 3372:Blanchard, Margaret A. (1998). 3264:Travels in Hyperreality: Essays 3182:"The Political Economy of News" 2264:"Different Types of Mass Media" 2167:History of newspaper publishing 2103:high level of industrialisation 1927:high level of industrialisation 3189:News: The Politics of Illusion 3161:. Department of Energy. 1977. 2970:Braha, Dan (31 October 2012). 2907:. 15 June 2012. Archived from 2450:"Recording Technology History" 2424:glossary of broadcasting terms 889:transfer, and the interlinked 69:include the diverse arrays of 1: 3498:Institute of European History 3415:Rhetoric & Public Affairs 3123:Media International Australia 2841:Elliot D. Cohen, ed. (2005). 2708:"Approaches to Media History" 2530:. UNESCO. 2018. p. 202. 1886:describes how companies like 1703:to be a threat to democracy. 1455:International Printing Museum 39:University of Wisconsin Press 5773:Telecommunication portal 5554:Telecommunications equipment 4897: 4347:Text and conversation theory 3353:license statement/permission 2997:10.1371/journal.pone.0048596 2712:A companion to media studies 2305:online version November 2010 2080:Ethical issues and criticism 1349:Public service announcements 932:and others described below. 598:, or by creating them using 551:), historically the primary 252:) from the late 19th century 5290:Alexander Stepanovich Popov 3094:Downing, John, ed. (2004). 2783:. Polity Press. p. 1. 2628:Galician, Mary-Lou (2004). 2133:interpersonal communication 2024:, discuss the issue on the 1917:Cultivation of Perceptions: 1822:, discuss the issue on the 893:and other documents of the 709:. This involves the use of 62:), an example of mass media 5855: 4994:Telecommunications history 3396:(Berghahn, 2015). 212 pp. 2735:Pace, Geoffrey L. (1997). 2685:. CRC Press. p. 210. 1990: 1730: 1591:Internet-based professions 1545:must have been published. 1077: 1067: 1034: 1015: 842: 532: 401: 36: 29: 5761: 5602:Public Switched Telephone 5414:telecommunication circuit 5375:Fiber-optic communication 5120:Francis Blake (telephone) 4915:Optical telecommunication 4701: 4358: 4180: 3442:Martin, James B. (2002). 3409:Dauber, Cori Elizabeth. " 3031:Media, War & Conflict 2826:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2572:Splichal, Slavko (2006). 2437:Film art: An introduction 2315:Potter, W. James (2008). 2301:Oxford English Dictionary 2284:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2152:Digital rights management 1453:A member of staff at the 650:, usually in the form of 5513:Orbital angular-momentum 4950:Satellite communications 4789:Communications satellite 4305:Nonviolent communication 4235:History of communication 4132:Society of the Spectacle 3531:20 February 2023 at the 3479:Vaughn, Stephen L., ed. 3318:The mass media in Canada 3135:10.1177/1329878x16659549 3043:10.1177/1750635209345185 2741:Mass media & society 2681:. In Kent, Allen (ed.). 2360:"All the world's a game" 2136:consumed by the masses. 1956:A magazine feature from 1707:Mergers and acquisitions 1343:video and computer games 1117:or purchase by readers. 594:people and objects with 519:and his associates, the 416:A family listening to a 205:communication technology 184:Mass media organisations 5392:Molecular communication 5215:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 5044:Undersea telegraph line 4779:Cable protection system 4300:Nonverbal communication 4290:Models of communication 4013:Influence of mass media 3818:Narcotizing dysfunction 3310:preview at google books 3231:Turner, Graeme (2015). 3180:Bennett, Lance (2011). 3069:"Mass Media and Racism" 2871:"M&A by Industries" 2806:"History of Mass Media" 2804:Bhattacharyya, Ajanta. 2677:Newhagen, J.E. (1999). 2601:Ramey, Carl R. (2007). 2399:The Media and Modernity 2396:Thompson, John (1995). 2187:Media-system dependency 2147:Commercial broadcasting 2076:to the general public. 1987:Racism and stereotyping 1733:Influence of mass media 1727:Influence and sociology 1663:through such things as 1541:; that is, the alleged 1434:Nonprofit organisations 1426:strong, ongoing market. 1240:The Wall Street Journal 1148:, and are bound with a 793:15 in modern currency. 733:. The invention of the 164:. Event organising and 5534:Communication protocol 5320:Charles Sumner Tainter 5135:Walter Houser Brattain 5080:Edwin Howard Armstrong 4888:Information revolution 3674:Freedom of information 3519:National Public Radio, 3490:Wilke, Jürgen (2011). 3261:Eco, Umberto (2014) . 3234:Re-Inventing the Media 1983: 1965: 1949: 1855:Limited-effects theory 1763:by rewriting it in an 1661:sum of human knowledge 1621: 1462: 1398:organisations usually 1284: 1222: 1102: 877:and services, such as 638: 590:Films are produced by 421: 198:Issues with definition 180: 63: 56: 5508:Polarization-division 5240:Narinder Singh Kapany 5205:Erna Schneider Hoover 5125:Jagadish Chandra Bose 5105:Alexander Graham Bell 4836:online video platform 4452:Mediated cross-border 4174:Communication studies 4061:Exploitation of women 3315:Vipond, Mary (2000). 3100:. Sage. p. 296. 2905:Morris Creative Group 2706:Nerone, John (2006). 2192:Mediatization (media) 1991:Further information: 1971: 1955: 1939: 1861:Class-dominant theory 1699:). Some consider the 1619: 1452: 1278: 1209: 1096: 831:, and non-narrative, 785:. It retailed for 16 751:digital audio players 670:In common usage, an " 646:also be some sort of 636: 608:persistence of vision 415: 174: 91:, recorded music, or 49: 5350:Vladimir K. Zworykin 5310:Almon Brown Strowger 5280:Charles Grafton Page 4935:Prepaid mobile phone 4863:Electrical telegraph 4387:Communication theory 4382:Communication design 3462:Paneth, Donald, ed. 3378:. Fitzroy Dearborn. 2849:. Prometheus Books. 2472:www.terramedia.co.uk 2366:. 10 December 2011. 2321:. Sage. p. 32. 2022:improve this section 2012:may not represent a 1820:improve this section 1810:may not represent a 1253:Asia and the Pacific 583:and, most commonly, 453:-based channels and 341:Cambridge University 188:mass media companies 175:Egyptian movie star 32:Mass Media (company) 5834:Main topic articles 5300:Johann Philipp Reis 5059:Wireless revolution 5021:The Telephone Cases 4878:Hydraulic telegraph 4107:Advanced capitalism 3793:Cult of personality 3707:Advanced capitalism 3424:(5th Edition, 2008) 3417:4.4 (2001): 653–687 3355:). Text taken from 3075:on 24 November 2011 2988:2012PLoSO...748596B 2944:Vipond (2000) p. 88 2468:"Chronomedia: 1909" 2439:(McGraw-Hill, 1993. 2345:1.1 (2013): 71–73, 2162:Internet censorship 1549:Software publishing 1249:World Trends Report 1044:were introduced in 869:using the standard 447:cable converter box 393:Forms of mass media 192:media conglomerates 5498:Frequency-division 5475:Telephone exchange 5345:Charles Wheatstone 5275:Jun-ichi Nishizawa 5250:Innocenzo Manzetti 5185:Reginald Fessenden 4920:Optical telegraphy 4753:Telecommunications 4417:Discourse analysis 4342:Telecommunications 4285:Meta-communication 4028:Semiotic democracy 3952:Civil disobedience 3864:Media manipulation 3854:Crowd manipulation 3777:Tabloid journalism 3691:Media transparency 3669:Media independence 3583:24-hour news cycle 3427:Fourie, Pieter J. 2911:on 6 December 2019 2875:N&A Statistics 2666:on 3 October 2008. 2252:(1950) ch. 2 p. 50 2177:Media echo chamber 1984: 1966: 1950: 1903:The Knowledge Gap: 1867:Culturalist theory 1765:encyclopedic style 1752:is written like a 1638:Johannes Gutenberg 1622: 1597:internet celebrity 1555:software publisher 1463: 1285: 1223: 1103: 800:(also promo) is a 639: 492:may also transmit 490:digital television 422: 404:Radio broadcasting 307:. Some argue that 230:gramophone records 181: 75:mass communication 64: 5811: 5810: 5549:Store and forward 5544:Data transmission 5458:Network switching 5409:Transmission line 5255:Guglielmo Marconi 5220:Internet pioneers 5085:Mohamed M. Atalla 5054:Whistled language 4719: 4718: 4140: 4139: 4066:Freedom of speech 3884:Theodor W. Adorno 3872: 3871: 3859:Managing the news 3679:Freedom of speech 3659:Media development 3623:News broadcasting 3603:Independent media 3588:Alternative media 3455:978-1-59033-262-7 3385:978-1-57958-012-4 3328:978-1-55028-714-1 3295:978-0-7190-3946-1 3274:978-0-547-54596-7 3244:978-1-317-38147-1 3198:978-0-205-08241-4 3107:978-0-7619-2169-1 2790:978-0-7456-4495-0 2750:978-1-56750-288-6 2721:978-1-4051-4174-1 2692:978-0-8247-2065-0 2641:978-0-8058-4832-8 2614:978-0-7425-5570-9 2587:978-1-55164-246-8 2537:978-92-3-100242-7 2511:978-0-19-027151-0 2456:on 12 March 2010. 2409:978-0-8047-2679-5 2328:978-1-4129-6471-5 2262:Manohar, Uttara. 2054: 2053: 2046: 1852: 1851: 1844: 1793: 1792: 1785: 1566:software industry 1261:Republic of Korea 1142:date on the cover 1058:interactive media 902:computer networks 871:Internet Protocol 859:computer networks 743:digital recording 565:the silver screen 545:photographic film 383:alternative media 126:augmented reality 16:(Redirected from 5846: 5801: 5800: 5791: 5790: 5781: 5780: 5771: 5770: 5769: 5642:Notable networks 5632:Wireless network 5572:Cellular network 5564:Types of network 5539:Computer network 5426:Network topology 5340:Thomas A. Watson 5195:Oliver Heaviside 5180:Philo Farnsworth 5155:Daniel Davis Jr. 5130:Charles Bourseul 5090:John Logie Baird 4799:Data compression 4794:Computer network 4746: 4739: 4732: 4723: 4709: 4708: 4364: 4315:Public relations 4210:Biocommunication 4167: 4160: 4153: 4144: 4112:Culture industry 4081:Social influence 4034:The Lonely Crowd 3977:Political satire 3942:Call-out culture 3919:Jacques Rancière 3914:Marshall McLuhan 3889:Jean Baudrillard 3833:Viral phenomenon 3767:Public relations 3740: 3613:Mainstream media 3598:Electronic media 3562: 3555: 3548: 3539: 3501: 3459: 3438:(CQ Press, 2017) 3389: 3346: 3332: 3305:The Lonely Crowd 3299: 3278: 3249: 3248: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3215: 3213: 3207: 3186: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3153: 3147: 3146: 3118: 3112: 3111: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3064: 3055: 3054: 3026: 3020: 3019: 3009: 2999: 2967: 2958: 2954: 2945: 2942: 2933: 2930: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2848: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2825: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2774: 2768: 2761: 2755: 2754: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2674: 2668: 2667: 2662:. Archived from 2652: 2646: 2645: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2598: 2592: 2591: 2569: 2563: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2497: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2452:. Archived from 2446: 2440: 2433: 2427: 2420: 2414: 2413: 2393: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2356: 2350: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2312: 2306: 2304: 2296: 2290: 2289: 2283: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2259: 2253: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2220: 2182:Media regulation 2049: 2042: 2038: 2035: 2029: 2005: 2004: 1997: 1880:The documentary 1847: 1840: 1836: 1833: 1827: 1803: 1802: 1795: 1788: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1768: 1745: 1744: 1737: 1416:Public relations 1411:Public relations 1317:public relations 1216:Washington, D.C. 1187:The Sunday Times 1109:is a periodical 976:Blogs (web logs) 969:education system 867:packet switching 814:Music Television 778:Nutcracker Suite 735:compact cassette 725:followed by the 563:and "picture"), 443:Cable television 379:mainstream media 61: 21: 5854: 5853: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5843: 5814: 5813: 5812: 5807: 5767: 5765: 5757: 5699: 5636: 5558: 5522: 5479: 5428: 5420: 5361: 5354: 5260:Robert Metcalfe 5115:Tim Berners-Lee 5063: 4883:Information Age 4755: 4750: 4720: 4715: 4697: 4486: 4365: 4356: 4203: 4201: 4194: 4176: 4171: 4141: 4136: 4122:Media franchise 4095: 4039: 4001: 3957:Culture jamming 3923: 3909:Walter Lippmann 3868: 3837: 3781: 3731: 3695: 3686:Media pluralism 3647: 3571: 3566: 3533:Wayback Machine 3508: 3489: 3456: 3441: 3386: 3371: 3368: 3366:Further reading 3361:, 202, UNESCO. 3339: 3329: 3314: 3296: 3281: 3275: 3260: 3257: 3252: 3245: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3211: 3209: 3205: 3199: 3184: 3179: 3178: 3174: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3120: 3119: 3115: 3108: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3078: 3076: 3066: 3065: 3058: 3028: 3027: 3023: 2969: 2968: 2961: 2955: 2948: 2943: 2936: 2931: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2857: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2818: 2811: 2809: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2791: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2762: 2758: 2751: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2676: 2675: 2671: 2660:British Library 2654: 2653: 2649: 2642: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2600: 2599: 2595: 2588: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2545: 2538: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2512: 2499: 2498: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2466: 2465: 2461: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2434: 2430: 2421: 2417: 2410: 2395: 2394: 2383: 2373: 2371: 2358: 2357: 2353: 2340: 2336: 2329: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2298: 2297: 2293: 2276: 2269: 2267: 2261: 2260: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2233: 2231: 2222: 2221: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2142: 2118: 2082: 2058:media influence 2050: 2039: 2033: 2030: 2019: 2006: 2002: 1995: 1989: 1979:Harper's Weekly 1910:Agenda Setting: 1874:radio broadcast 1848: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1817: 1804: 1800: 1789: 1778: 1772: 1769: 1761:help improve it 1758: 1746: 1742: 1735: 1729: 1709: 1697:Media influence 1614: 1593: 1551: 1459:Columbian press 1447: 1413: 1363: 1358: 1294: 1273: 1210:A panel in the 1204: 1091: 1086: 1076: 1068:Main articles: 1066: 1039: 1033: 1020: 1014: 993: 978: 972:contributions. 851: 841: 721:, the magnetic 711:audio equipment 692: 652:button/joystick 631: 604:special effects 557:motion pictures 537: 531: 478:Cartoon Network 468:), for example 460:A broadcasting 410: 402:Main articles: 400: 398:Broadcast media 395: 375: 352:commodification 333: 331:Characteristics 305:broadcast media 283:from about 2000 277:from about 1990 270:from about 1950 264:from about 1910 258:from about 1900 200: 166:public speaking 99:comprises both 81:Broadcast media 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5852: 5850: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5816: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5795: 5785: 5775: 5762: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5755: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5713: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5646: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5568: 5566: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5530: 5528: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5493:Space-division 5489: 5487: 5481: 5480: 5478: 5477: 5472: 5471: 5470: 5465: 5455: 5454: 5453: 5443: 5438: 5432: 5430: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5383: 5382: 5372: 5366: 5364: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5330:Camille Tissot 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5305:Claude Shannon 5302: 5297: 5295:Tivadar Puskás 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5265:Antonio Meucci 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5235:Charles K. Kao 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5210:Harold Hopkins 5207: 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5110:Emile Berliner 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5071: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5062: 5061: 5056: 5051: 5049:Videotelephony 5046: 5041: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5024: 5017: 5012: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4952: 4947: 4945:Radiotelephone 4942: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4911: 4910: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4849: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4831:Internet video 4823: 4822: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4765: 4763: 4757: 4756: 4751: 4749: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4726: 4717: 4716: 4714: 4713: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4696: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4494: 4492: 4488: 4487: 4485: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4457:Organizational 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4407:Cross-cultural 4404: 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4366: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4327: 4322: 4317: 4312: 4307: 4302: 4297: 4292: 4287: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4255:Intrapersonal 4252: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4206: 4204: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4181: 4178: 4177: 4172: 4170: 4169: 4162: 4155: 4147: 4138: 4137: 4135: 4134: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4103: 4101: 4097: 4096: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4040: 4038: 4037: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4009: 4007: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3984: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3947:Cancel culture 3944: 3939: 3933: 3931: 3929:Counterculture 3925: 3924: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3894:Edward Bernays 3891: 3886: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3849:Catch and kill 3845: 3843: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3835: 3830: 3828:Sensationalism 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3789: 3787: 3783: 3782: 3780: 3779: 3774: 3769: 3764: 3763: 3762: 3752: 3746: 3744: 3737: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3717:Bipartisanship 3714: 3712:American Dream 3709: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3682: 3681: 3676: 3666: 3661: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3648: 3646: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3557: 3550: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3523: 3521:12 August 2021 3514: 3507: 3506:External links 3504: 3503: 3502: 3487: 3477: 3470: 3460: 3454: 3439: 3432: 3425: 3418: 3407: 3400: 3392:Bösch, Frank. 3390: 3384: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3362: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3333: 3327: 3312: 3300: 3294: 3279: 3273: 3256: 3253: 3251: 3250: 3243: 3223: 3197: 3172: 3148: 3129:(1): 101–108. 3113: 3106: 3086: 3056: 3037:(3): 263–284. 3021: 2982:(10): e48596. 2959: 2946: 2934: 2922: 2892: 2862: 2855: 2833: 2796: 2789: 2769: 2756: 2749: 2727: 2720: 2698: 2691: 2669: 2647: 2640: 2620: 2613: 2593: 2586: 2564: 2555: 2536: 2517: 2510: 2489: 2459: 2441: 2428: 2415: 2408: 2381: 2351: 2334: 2327: 2307: 2299:"Mass media". 2291: 2254: 2241: 2226:. eNotes.com. 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2117: 2114: 2081: 2078: 2052: 2051: 2016:of the subject 2014:worldwide view 2009: 2007: 2000: 1988: 1985: 1942:minstrel shows 1922: 1921: 1914: 1907: 1850: 1849: 1814:of the subject 1812:worldwide view 1807: 1805: 1798: 1791: 1790: 1749: 1747: 1740: 1731:Main article: 1728: 1725: 1708: 1705: 1642:printing press 1631:popular prints 1613: 1610: 1592: 1589: 1550: 1547: 1520:literary works 1499:and the like. 1446: 1443: 1442: 1441: 1437: 1431: 1427: 1412: 1409: 1374:current events 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1353: 1352: 1346: 1324: 1323:communication. 1293: 1290: 1272: 1269: 1203: 1200: 1199: 1198: 1191: 1090: 1087: 1065: 1062: 1035:Main article: 1032: 1029: 1016:Main article: 1013: 1010: 992: 989: 977: 974: 895:World Wide Web 861:that transmit 840: 839:Internet media 837: 691: 688: 630: 627: 602:techniques or 533:Main article: 530: 527: 399: 396: 394: 391: 374: 371: 370: 369: 362: 359: 356: 350:Involves the " 348: 332: 329: 285: 284: 278: 271: 265: 259: 253: 234:magnetic tapes 223: 199: 196: 177:Salah Zulfikar 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5851: 5840: 5839:Communication 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5804: 5796: 5794: 5786: 5784: 5776: 5774: 5764: 5763: 5760: 5753: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5525: 5519: 5518:Code-division 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5503:Time-division 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5482: 5476: 5473: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5459: 5456: 5452: 5449: 5448: 5447: 5444: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5429:and switching 5427: 5423: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5381: 5380:optical fiber 5378: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5370:Coaxial cable 5368: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5357: 5351: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5285:Radia Perlman 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5175:Lee de Forest 5173: 5171: 5170:Thomas Edison 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5160:Donald Davies 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5145:Claude Chappe 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5016: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4989:Smoke signals 4987: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4967:Semiconductor 4965: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4828: 4827: 4826:Digital media 4824: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4742: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4724: 4712: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4651: 4649: 4646: 4644: 4641: 4639: 4636: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4447:Media studies 4445: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4437:International 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4422:Environmental 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4412:Developmental 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4392:Communicology 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4368: 4363: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4331: 4328: 4326: 4323: 4321: 4318: 4316: 4313: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4280:Media ecology 4278: 4276: 4273: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4250:Interpersonal 4248: 4246: 4245:Intercultural 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4220:Communication 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4207: 4205: 4197: 4191: 4188: 4186: 4183: 4182: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4163: 4161: 4156: 4154: 4149: 4148: 4145: 4133: 4130: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4042: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4023:Mediatization 4021: 4019: 4018:Media studies 4016: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3997:Strike action 3995: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3962:Demonstration 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3934: 3932: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3765: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3738: 3734: 3728: 3727:Pensée unique 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3680: 3677: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3670: 3667: 3665: 3662: 3660: 3657: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3601: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3593:Digital media 3591: 3589: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3569:Media culture 3563: 3558: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3544: 3543: 3540: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3495: 3494: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3475: 3472:Ross, Corey. 3471: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3447: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3433: 3430: 3426: 3423: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3401: 3399: 3398:online review 3395: 3391: 3387: 3381: 3377: 3376: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3360: 3359: 3354: 3350: 3345: 3341: 3340: 3336: 3330: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3291: 3287: 3286: 3280: 3276: 3270: 3266: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3254: 3246: 3240: 3237:. Routledge. 3236: 3235: 3227: 3224: 3220: 3204: 3200: 3194: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3173: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3152: 3149: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3117: 3114: 3109: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3090: 3087: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3025: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2966: 2964: 2960: 2953: 2951: 2947: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2896: 2893: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2856:1-59102-232-0 2852: 2847: 2846: 2837: 2834: 2829: 2823: 2807: 2800: 2797: 2792: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2773: 2770: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2752: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2702: 2699: 2694: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2673: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2637: 2633: 2632: 2624: 2621: 2616: 2610: 2606: 2605: 2597: 2594: 2589: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2568: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2543: 2539: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2521: 2518: 2513: 2507: 2503: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2463: 2460: 2455: 2451: 2445: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2419: 2416: 2411: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2369: 2365: 2364:The Economist 2361: 2355: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2330: 2324: 2320: 2319: 2311: 2308: 2302: 2295: 2292: 2287: 2281: 2265: 2258: 2255: 2251: 2245: 2242: 2229: 2225: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2203: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2066:racial divide 2061: 2059: 2048: 2045: 2037: 2027: 2023: 2017: 2015: 2008: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1986: 1981: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1964:as the model. 1963: 1959: 1958:Beauty Parade 1954: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1928: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1901: 1900: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1883:Super Size Me 1878: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1856: 1846: 1843: 1835: 1825: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1806: 1797: 1796: 1787: 1784: 1776: 1773:February 2013 1766: 1762: 1756: 1755: 1750:This section 1748: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1713: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1656: 1654: 1653: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1628: 1627:Diamond Sutra 1618: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1603: 1598: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1535:legal concept 1531: 1529: 1525: 1524:musical works 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1460: 1456: 1451: 1444: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1327:Entertainment 1325: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1299: 1298: 1297: 1291: 1289: 1282: 1277: 1271:Outdoor media 1270: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1221: 1217: 1213: 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5165:Amos Dolbear 5100:John Bardeen 5019: 4999:Telautograph 4903:Mobile phone 4858:Edholm's law 4841:social media 4774:Broadcasting 4264: 4230:Conversation 4215:Broadcasting 4127:Post-Fordism 4117:Mass society 4086:Transparency 4032: 3899:Noam Chomsky 3877:Philosophers 3823:Recuperation 3808:Media circus 3798:Dumbing down 3664:Media policy 3638:Social media 3607: 3518: 3493:Media Genres 3492: 3480: 3473: 3463: 3444: 3435: 3428: 3421: 3414: 3403: 3393: 3374: 3357: 3349:free content 3317: 3303: 3284: 3263: 3233: 3226: 3217: 3210:. Retrieved 3188: 3175: 3157: 3151: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3096: 3089: 3077:. Retrieved 3073:the original 3034: 3030: 3024: 2979: 2975: 2913:. Retrieved 2909:the original 2904: 2895: 2883:. Retrieved 2874: 2865: 2844: 2836: 2810:. Retrieved 2799: 2779: 2772: 2764: 2763:Corey Ross, 2759: 2740: 2730: 2711: 2701: 2682: 2672: 2664:the original 2659: 2650: 2630: 2623: 2603: 2596: 2577: 2567: 2558: 2546:. Retrieved 2526: 2520: 2501: 2480:. Retrieved 2471: 2462: 2454:the original 2444: 2436: 2431: 2418: 2398: 2372:. Retrieved 2363: 2354: 2342: 2337: 2317: 2310: 2300: 2294: 2268:. Retrieved 2257: 2249: 2244: 2232:. Retrieved 2224:"Mass Media" 2129:Social media 2127: 2123: 2119: 2107: 2100: 2095:mass society 2091: 2083: 2062: 2055: 2040: 2031: 2011: 1977: 1973: 1957: 1945: 1931: 1923: 1916: 1909: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1881: 1879: 1871: 1866: 1865: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1853: 1838: 1829: 1809: 1779: 1770: 1751: 1714: 1710: 1688:proportional 1669: 1665:Google Books 1657: 1650: 1646:movable type 1636: 1623: 1594: 1585: 1582: 1568:between the 1552: 1532: 1516:distribution 1501: 1478: 1464: 1423:Corporations 1414: 1386: 1364: 1295: 1286: 1246: 1238: 1224: 1195:scuba diving 1185: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1161: 1154: 1146:coated paper 1119: 1104: 1055: 1040: 1037:Mobile media 1021: 1000: 994: 979: 966: 962: 951: 946:peer-to-peer 934: 930:file sharing 920:, linked by 917: 904:, linked by 901: 899: 852: 818: 795: 776: 769:disc records 761:record album 758: 755: 747:compact disc 729:, the vinyl 693: 680:Console game 669: 648:input device 640: 616: 589: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 540: 538: 520: 506: 462:organisation 459: 455:pay-per-view 451:subscription 441: 430: 423: 420:in the 1920s 388: 376: 334: 322: 320: 313: 286: 201: 187: 183: 182: 113:social media 79: 66: 65: 43: 18:Media outlet 5685:NPL network 5397:Radio waves 5335:Alfred Vail 5245:Hedy Lamarr 5230:Dawon Kahng 5190:Elisha Gray 5150:Yogen Dalal 5075:Nasir Ahmed 5009:Teleprinter 4873:Heliographs 4377:Closed-loop 4240:Information 4202:terminology 4006:In academia 3992:Review bomb 3813:Media event 3750:Advertising 3722:Consumerism 3643:State media 3255:Works cited 3079:28 November 2915:21 November 2812:26 November 2482:15 November 2270:26 November 2197:State media 2074:stereotypes 1962:Bettie Page 1906:community". 1717:Time Warner 1574:distributor 1474:information 1392:Phil Graham 1382:journalists 1370:information 1305:advertising 1281:Netherlands 1231:publication 1175:India Today 1157:periodicals 1115:advertising 1111:publication 1099:Mervat Amin 1064:Print media 942:web traffic 910:fibre-optic 883:online chat 875:information 825:live-action 798:music video 773:Tchaikovsky 767:phonograph 705:, often as 672:arcade game 629:Video games 494:multiplexed 466:frequencies 309:video games 213:video games 130:advertising 58:El Universo 5824:Mass media 5818:Categories 5731:Antarctica 5690:Toasternet 5612:Television 5095:Paul Baran 5027:Television 5011:(teletype) 5004:Telegraphy 4982:transistor 4960:Phryctoria 4930:Photophone 4908:Smartphone 4898:Mass media 4693:Wertheimer 4573:Horkheimer 4310:Propaganda 4265:Mass media 4260:Journalism 4200:Topics and 4071:Media bias 3972:Occupation 3904:Guy Debord 3786:Techniques 3755:Propaganda 3652:Principles 3628:News media 3608:Mass media 3212:17 January 2172:Media bias 2157:Journalism 2086:news media 2070:propaganda 2034:March 2015 1993:Stereotype 1888:McDonald's 1832:March 2015 1693:electorate 1684:television 1672:technology 1559:publishing 1539:defamation 1512:production 1485:newspapers 1470:literature 1466:Publishing 1445:Publishing 1396:news media 1372:regarding 1366:Journalism 1361:Journalism 1313:propaganda 1150:soft cover 1078:See also: 922:hyperlinks 843:See also: 802:short film 715:phonograph 699:electrical 660:controller 643:video game 573:the cinema 569:photoplays 549:film stock 539:The term ' 517:Adam Curry 513:podcasting 509:webcasting 498:compressed 482:Adult Swim 457:services. 436:television 408:Television 268:Television 242:cartridges 226:Recordings 158:newspapers 142:skywriting 134:billboards 93:television 67:Mass media 50:Copy of a 5715:Americas 5704:Locations 5675:Internet2 5436:Bandwidth 5140:Vint Cerf 5037:streaming 5015:Telephone 4955:Semaphore 4846:streaming 4477:Technical 4462:Political 4370:Subfields 4295:New media 4051:Anonymity 3760:Fake news 3736:Deception 3633:Old media 3618:New media 3143:151648889 3051:144850273 2116:Criticism 2026:talk page 1824:talk page 1652:The Times 1578:shareware 1570:developer 1508:marketing 1430:programs. 1404:proofread 1321:political 1309:marketing 1235:newsprint 1227:newspaper 1202:Newspaper 1169:Frontline 1140:, with a 1138:quarterly 1134:bimonthly 1070:Newspaper 991:RSS feeds 967:Even the 918:documents 891:web pages 849:New media 821:animation 787:shillings 759:The term 731:LP record 719:78 record 656:trackball 623:subtitles 600:animation 592:recording 559:(or just 500:into one 324:RuneScape 297:web sites 238:cassettes 162:pamphlets 154:magazines 52:newspaper 5783:Category 5670:Internet 5660:CYCLADES 5577:Ethernet 5527:Concepts 5451:terminal 5402:wireless 5225:Bob Kahn 5068:Pioneers 4893:Internet 4784:Cable TV 4711:Category 4663:Richards 4588:Jakobson 4568:Habermas 4523:Castells 4513:Benjamin 4491:Scholars 4100:Synonyms 4091:Violence 3967:Graffiti 3700:Ideology 3529:Archived 3448:. 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