Mass media in South Korea

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1980 there were only 28 national newspapers, today there are 122. In 2002, satellite broadcasting brought multi-channel commercial television to homes across South Korea. According to most outside observers, political discourse is unrestricted in South Korea; however, persistent concerns are worth noting. The National Security Law allows the government to limit the expression of ideas deemed pro-North Korean or communist; broad interpretations of this statute place a chill on peaceful dissent. In addition, in 2003, President Roh Moo-Hyun brought a libel suit against four of the major national newspapers, and the government has stated that editorials are subject to legal action if they are found to contain falsehoods. Outside observers have criticised pressure tactics used by both the South Korean government and the business community to influence reporting.

720:, began publication in May 1988. It was founded by dissident journalists who were purged by the government in the early 1970s or 1980; many of the paper's reporters and editorial staff left positions in mainstream newspapers to join the new venture. The structure and approach of the paper reflected the founders' view that in the past the South Korean news media had been too easily co-opted by the government. The paper had a human rights department as well as a mass media department to keep an eye on the government's press policy and to critique the ideological and political biases of other newspapers. The paper's nationalism and interest in national reunification were symbolically represented in the logo, which depicted Lake Cheonji at the peak of 570:

traditional general circulation magazines to provide careful analyses of political, economic, and national security affairs to smaller, specialized audiences. Observers noted a dramatic increase in press coverage of previously taboo subjects such as political-military relations, factions within the military, the role of security agencies in politics, and the activities of dissident organizations. Opinion polls dealing with these and other sensitive issues also began to appear with increasing regularity. Journalists at several of the Seoul dailies organized trade unions in late 1987 and early 1988 and began to press for editorial autonomy and a more significant role in newspaper management.

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government agencies, and the presidential staff by the Office of Public Information Policy within the Ministry of Culture and Information using daily "reporting guidelines" sent to newspaper editors. The guidelines dealt exhaustively with questions of emphasis, topics to be covered or avoided, the use of government press releases, and even the size of headlines. Enforcement methods ranged from telephone calls to editors to more serious forms of intimidation, including interrogations and beatings by police. One former Ministry of Culture and Information official told a National Assembly hearing in 1988 that compliance during his tenure from 1980 to 1982 reached about 70 percent.

178: 227: 3453: 3463: 76: 35: 695:, the paper and its affiliated TBC television network generally supported the Park government during the 1970s. Its relations with the government became strained after 1980, however, when Chun Doo-hwan forced TBC to merge with KBS. A journalists' strike at Joongang Ilbo in 1989, one of many similar incidents at the major South Korean newspapers, won even greater management and 725:

Seoul dailies. In other innovations, The Hankyoreh relied on sales revenues, private contributions, and the sale of stock, rather than advertising from major corporations, in line with its claim to be "the first newspaper in the world truly independent of political power and large capital." The newspaper came under increasing government pressure in 1989.

1252:-LINE: Line is an instant messaging app, including Texts, images, and even voice chat. Outside of this the company also creates characters to be shared known as LINE FRIENDS. These characters are also turned into a multitude of products. Such as plushies, pins, and even on close. Some of these characters are BT21, and Brown and Friends. 818:', which is the basis for the modern native Korean alphabet. It is constructed in two parts: 'Hunminjeongeum Yeibon'(the body) and 'Hunminjeongeum Haerebon'(explanations). In the introduction King Sejong revealed that the purpose of creating the Hunminjeongeum. In 1997, it was inscribed into the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. 1240:

wide range as a social media application is the main focus of why it has its current 49.1 million active users. This application allows users to do a wide variety of activities outside of messaging. You can also make purchasing and send gifts to friends. Allowing users to feel closer even from a distance.

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Cyworld is one of the first social network applications for South Korea. On Cyworld, you can chat with other members by forming friendships by sharing interests and memories. As time has gone on it has become less popular comparatively and failed compared to its competitors throughout the generation

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When it comes to Internet use, South Korea ranked third in the world in 2003. According to statistics from the Korean Ministry of Information and Communication, 78.5% of families own a computer, of which 93.6% use the Internet (2005). Many businesses utilize the Internet in Korea for services such as

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technology emerged recently. Although some television stations have begun broadcasting digital signals, it is not yet widespread as in the United States. The Government of South Korea set December 31, 2012 as the deadline for digital conversion in South Korea. From 2013, South Korea will convert from

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in provincial cities and withdrawing security officials from newspaper offices." The South Korean media began a rapid expansion. Seoul papers expanded their coverage and resumed the practice of stationing correspondents in provincial cities. Although temporarily still under the management of a former

490:. Independent news agencies were absorbed into a single state-run agency, numerous provincial newspapers were closed, central newspapers were forbidden to station correspondents in provincial cities, the Christian Broadcasting System network was forbidden to provide news coverage, and two independent 1239:

The most well notable social media in South Korea are, KakaoTalk, Naver, Cyworld, and Snow KakaoTalk is a social media messenger application. According to science direct it “is the most widely used IM application in South Korea with over 49.1 million active users” (2019, Digital Investigation). Its

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KBS is funded by public money accrued from a television license fee gathered from all South Korea households with a television set. As of 2010, the fee is ₩2500 (about $ 2 USD). Due to low public funds, KBS2 runs commercials. Looking at the ownership of MBC, 70% of it is owned by a government-owned

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Snow is a social media application. But unlike most applications its main focus is images. Mainly selfies. Through this application, you can alter your appearance in many ways. This includes adding makeup, changing your eye color, and even slimming your face. Other attributes are a wide variety of

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South Korea also had extensive and well-developed visual media. The first Korean film was produced in 1919, and cinemas subsequently were built in the larger cities. The result of the spread of television sets and radios was the dissemination of a homogenized popular culture and the impingement of

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What is the grounds of media regulations? Although broadcasters have freedom of expression, broadcasters have to promote public interest because electromagnetic waves are in the public domain. 'Media law' consist of two structures briefly: Business Regulation, and Content Related Regulation. They

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After decades of state control and heavy censorship, the South Korean press (in print, on television, and online) is experiencing a period of relative freedom. However, the repressive Basic Press Law was repealed in 1987, and since 1990 the television market has expanded significantly. Whereas in

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By the mid-1980s, censorship of print and broadcast media had become one of the most widely and publicly criticized practices of the Chun government. Even the government-controlled Yonhap News Agency noted in 1989 that "TV companies, scarcely worse than other media, were the main target of bitter

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It is the most powerful regulation that decide who will broadcasting business. The grounds of this regulation are largely that: electromagnetic wave is scarce, so all of those who want to operate a broadcasting system cannot do it, and the providers have to set fair to operate a broadcaster (ex,

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in North Korea; in the exclusive use of the Korean alphabet; and in the type font in which the paper's name was printed, which dated from a famous Korean publication of the eighteenth century before the country became divided. The paper was printed horizontally, rather than vertically like other

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The South Korean government also supported Naewoe Press, which dealt solely with North Korean affairs. Originally a propaganda vehicle that followed the government line on unification policy issues, Naewoe Press became increasingly objective and moderate in tone in the mid-1980s in interpreting

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was the legal capstone of Chun's system of media control and provided for censorship and control of newspapers, periodicals, and broadcast media. It also set the professional qualifications for journalists. Media censorship was coordinated with intelligence officials, representatives of various

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on the works of North Korean artists and musicians, many of whom were of South Korean origin. A newspaper run by dissident journalists began publication in 1988. Several other new dailies also appeared in 1988. Many of the new weekly and monthly periodicals bypassed the higher profits of the

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provided domestic and foreign news to government agencies, newspapers, and broadcasters. Yonhap also provided information on South Korean developments in English by computerized transmission via the Asia-Pacific News Network. Additional links with world media were facilitated by four

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financial power, social experiences etc.) Until just recently large companies (above top 30), newspaper, agency could not operate a broadcasting system because of the independence of media. (It caused problems in Korea in history.) But recently newly revised media law allows it.

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The first radio broadcasting was JODK by 'Kyungsung Broadcasting' in 1927. Some people regard HLKA by 'Korean Broadcasting system' in 1947 as the first radio broadcasting in Korea. Since 2003, DAB(Digital Audio Broadcasting) or DAR(Digital Audio Radio) services have been used.

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of social networking. Another reason for its failure was based on its restriction. “Cyworld created barriers among countries, failing to expand beyond being a local service provider” (Park Hye-min. (2011)). As of recent years, Cyworld has claimed to make a comeback.

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Except for two newspapers (one in Korean and one in English) that the government-owned or controlled and the state television network, ownership of the media was for the most part distinct from political or economic power. One exception was the conservative daily,

777:(a commercial broadcaster). Some 70 percent of South Korean households have broadband Internet access, and the online media marketplace is growing rapidly. Popular news Web sites (such as OhMyNews.com) register as many as 15 million visits per day. 1184:

KBS, MBC, EBS are public broadcasters while SBS is a commercial broadcaster, under a "many public broadcasters" system. It is a unique system; other countries typically have one public broadcaster and many commercial broadcasters.

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KORCAD was the first TV station in South Korea, which launched in 1956. In South Korea, terrestrial television broadcasting is common and popular. As terrestrial broadcasters, there are five channels with four television stations:

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There are many radio stations in Korea, but channels are not uniquely distinctive. KBS 1FM, KBS 1AM, TBS (Traffic Broadcasting System) are somewhat distinctive. Other channels are usually broadcast according to people's lifestyle.

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Content within Korean Media is often quite restricted, depending really. They tend to censor out mass amounts of gore and violence (usually depending on what source it's on) and anything that may go against important Laws.

498:. In addition, the Defense Security Command, then commanded by Roh Tae Woo, and the Ministry of Culture and Information ordered hundreds of South Korean journalists fired and banned from newspaper writing or editing. The 702:

Most of South Korea's major newspapers derived their financial support from advertising and their affiliation with major publishing houses. The Donga Press, for example, published not only the prestigious daily

1365:'s administration, the trend is changing. Newspaper and large company can hold a 10-percent stake in terrestrial broadcaster, a 30-percent stake in cable broadcaster, a 49-percent stakein IPTV or news channel. 543:, a commercial network that had been under the control of the state-managed KBS since 1980, resumed independent broadcasting. The number of radio broadcast stations grew from 74 in 1985 to 111 (including both 780:

Today, much of the news in South Korea is delivered through electronic means and the country is at the leading edge of the digital revolution and a trailblazer for high-speed and wireless internet services.

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is a South Korean educational public broadcaster and radio network covering South Korean territory, and the only major South Korean radio and television network without a separate regional service

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Cable system operator and program provider can own more than one broadcaster and transmission line. But, they can be restricted by the government with regards to market share and the number of providers.

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to withhold compulsory viewers' fees in protest against censorship by the KBS network received widespread press attention. By the summer of 1986, even the ruling party was responding to public opinion.

1168: is a South Korean free-to-air television channel and is considered the first private company in South Korea launched on 8 August 1969 and owned by Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation. 1200:

the analogue broadcasting to the digital broadcasting.(This date coincides with the United Kingdom conversion date.) According to DTV Korea, the rate of digital TV sets in use is about 60% (2010).

1193:), and 30% of it belongs to 'Jeong-su Scholarship Foundation'. Also, because KBS2 and MBC run commercials, there are a lot of controversies on the definition of public broadcasting in South Korea. 1292:

was launched in South Korea in 2000. It shut down in 2014. Users could upload their information, mood, pictures, etc. It featured the "following" of other people in a similar vein as Facebook.

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Other religious programming broadcasters: PBC(Pyeonghwa Broadcasting Corporation, 평화방송), BBS(Buddhism Broadcasting System(BBS), 佛敎放送), FEBC(Far East Broadcasting Co., Korea, 極東放送), *WBS (원음방송)

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The political liberalization of the late 1980s brought a loosening of press restraints and a new generation of journalists more willing to investigate sensitive subjects, such as the May 1980

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Joongang Ilbo developed the first internet news website in Asia in 1995. After the start, almost every daily newspaper made its website. There are also online-only portals like Prussian.

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On cable broadcasting, one provider can serve system operator, network operator, and program provider but, they can restricted with regard to a market share and the number of providers.

798:, Anthology Teachings of Zen Buddhist Priests) is the world's oldest extant movable metal print book. It was published in 1377 (Goryeo Dynasty), 78 years prior to Johannes Gutenberg's 1243:

Naver Is a search engine, equivalent to google of South Korea, it is the leading search engine in South Korea. Outside of being a search engine it also has many other attributes.

1246:-BAND: A software application that focused on group communication and stayed connected with your group. This includes features such as polls, group calendars, and private chats. 711:, a women's magazine, and specialized reference books and magazines for students. Throughout the post-war period, the Donga Ilbo has been noted for its opposition sympathies. 2380: 507:

public criticism for their distorted reporting for the government in the early 1980s." Editorials called for the abolition of the Basic Press Act and related practices, a

1111:(Traffic Broadcasting System). They specialize in traffic. Many other stations also provide hourly traffic condition reports, typically for 3 minutes every 57 minutes. 2775: 2087: 2075: 390: 1344:

It means restriction on the number of broadcasting system that one provider can own. Its purpose is to prevent monopoly or oligopoly on broadcasting. In Summary:

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One provider can own terrestrial broadcaster, satellite broadcaster, and cable broadcaster except a combination of terrestrial broadcaster and cable broadcaster.

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of every description as well as occasional censorship of the media, almost all subsequent South Korean governments have at times attempted to control the media.

2390: 565:, a radio network, again began to broadcast news as well as religious programming in 1987. In the same year, the government partially lifted a long-standing 2506: 2416: 2385: 2272: 464: 432: 837:

The Independent was the nation's first newspaper written in Hangeul and the first to be privately owned. Seo Jae-Pil published it in two version: Korean

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mobilisation in the ensuing years ended any resemblance of autonomy for the Korean press; all Korean-language publications were outlawed in 1941.

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South Korean free-to-air television channel operated by Seoul Broadcasting System. The channel was launched on 9 December 1991.

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that penalized criticism of the government to keep the media in line. In 1974, the government ordered several journalists fired and used the

3094: 2494: 679:, an English-language publication of Naewoe Press, provided in-depth studies of North Korean social, economic, and political developments. 611:, but larger than four more specialized economic dailies. All the major dailies were privately owned, except for the government-controlled 2331: 2019: 1190: 140: 1260:

filters that go from, cute, creepy, and funny. This application is focused on vanity and sharing filters and images with your friends.

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Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (series: Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East)

1508: 1214: 112: 3342: 2683: 2655: 2579: 1398: 213: 159: 62: 486:. In late 1980, the Chun government established more thorough control of the news media than had existed in South Korea since the 370:

with Japanese censors. Colonial authorities prohibited sales of individual issues on hundreds of occasions between 1926 and 1932.

3418: 2765: 2442: 2316: 2115: 2111: 119: 1967: 2688: 2511: 2156: 1171: 1165: 1083:. 'Cho Yeong-Nam & Choi Yu-ra's Radio Golden Age' is the most famous program which provides funny stories and K-pop music. 537: 231: 3492: 2474: 1474: 1075:

In Korea, MBC Radio is the most popular in general because there are several long-running programs. MBC operates 2 channels:

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administrations, the government exercised considerable control and surveillance over the media through the comprehensive

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Lee Mi-Hwa, Study for Hunminjeongeum section in High School Korean Textbook, Yeongnam Graduate School of Education, 2010

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One provider (person or corporation) can only own one business on the Terrestrial broadcaster and satellite broadcaster.

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Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Korea (series: Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East)

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was the first modern newspaper in Korea. It was published in Bakmunkuk, an official printing office, and written in

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According to newly enactment of Broadcasting Law and Internet Multimedia Broadcasting Business Law from President

554:) by late 1988 and 125 by late 1989. The number of periodicals rose as the government removed restrictions on the 2992: 2452: 2326: 2070: 1922: 1917: 1614: 1177: 1137: 324: 3423: 3382: 3287: 3109: 3087: 3053: 3010: 2960: 2894: 2703: 2693: 2665: 2589: 2516: 2484: 2457: 2363: 2244: 2211: 2166: 1988: 872: 707:, but also a variety of other periodicals, including a newspaper for children, the general circulation monthly 656: 655:. The government's KBS radio network broadcast overseas in twelve languages. Two private radio networks, the 3392: 3043: 3015: 2965: 2479: 2368: 2358: 2353: 2181: 1995: 1249:-Naver Cafe: Similar to many forums, Naver cafe allows users to post and create their internet communities. 834:

and published every 10 days. The paper carried both domestic and foreign news and had enlightened opinions.

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Yang Mun-Seok, A Critical Study on Privatization A Public Broadcaster, 2010, Korean Broadcasting Commission

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CBS: is the first commercial radio broadcaster in South Korea. It contains programs about Christianity.

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and English. The Independent made an effort to enlighten people and denounce absurd Joseon officials.

651:. The International Broadcast Centre established in June 1988 served some 10,000 broadcasters for the 3227: 3222: 3117: 3025: 2975: 2760: 2035: 876: 652: 524: 3407: 3347: 3322: 3237: 3217: 3137: 3127: 3080: 2912: 2889: 2856: 2607: 1611: 1277: 827: 508: 3462: 1834: 1330:

Terrestrial broadcasting, Cable Television broadcasting, satellite broadcasting: government permit

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to function while maintaining some behind-the-scenes direction over politically sensitive topics.

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New York Times, PERSONAL BUSINESS: DIARY; Around the World, Gains in Internet Use, Feb 16th, 2003

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are the major liberal newspapers. In South Korea, conservative newspapers are more widely read.

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to stop its reporting on popular opposition to the Park government by intimidating the paper's

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A Political and Economic Dictionary of East Asia (series: Political and Economic Dictionaries)

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After the 1980s, newspapers received greater freedom, after the Basic Press Law was repealed.

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Professor Shim Jae-woong, Lecture: Introduction to Broadcasting, Sookmyung Women's University

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In Korea, as in many other countries, the number of newspaper subscribers is decreasing.

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began after the opening of Korea in the late 19th century. The Korean press had a strong

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and businesses. A Chinese-language daily served South Korea's small Chinese population.

439:'s 64 daily newspapers and refused to register a comparable percentage of the country's 191:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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in South Korea. 'me2day' and 'yozm' are some other microblogs in South Korean media.

868: 750: 716: 684: 635:, which was affiliated with the independent Soul immune, were widely read by foreign 599: 581: 551: 533: 528: 479: 452: 249: 1690: 17: 2922: 2884: 2044: 2024: 1956: 1333:

News channel, General service channel, home-shopping channel: government's approval

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Following the period of 1945 to 1948, which saw a burgeoning of newspapers and

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was unsuccessfully introduced in the National Assembly to the same end, and a

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As in other countries, social media has become the spotlight in South Korea.

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with its prevalence growing in conjunction with the growing popularity of

814:' and scholars of 'Jiphyunjeon'. This text describes the promulgation of ' 2000: 1943: 1638: 420: 367: 359: 299: 273: 269: 2876: 2745: 2678: 2040: 1829: 1393: 1289: 1220:

news, social media, shopping, banking, games, and educational content.

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mean fairness among the broadcasters, and freedom of expression each.

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on numerous occasions between 1948 and 1960. On taking power in 1961,

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There also were qualitative changes in the South Korean media. The

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in 1919, the colonial government loosened their overt control over

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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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to promote its official line. The Park government also used the

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newspapers. Rhee also closed moderate newspapers and arrested

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political, social, and economic developments in North Korea.

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was created and shown in movie theaters across the country.

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Oh Taek-sup, Media in the Information Society, 2009, Nanam

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Almost every big portal site provides a blogging service.

399:. Between 1953 and 1994, the government-produced newsreel 1824: 349:

During the 1920s, Korean vernacular newspapers, such as

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Politics of North Korea#Political parties and elections

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includes many channels, including terrestrial channels

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A number of newsreels were produced or approved by the

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South Korea's principal anti-establishment newspaper,

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assumed direct control of the press along with other

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Jung Hyung-Gi, Broadcasting of Korea, 2010, Shinsung

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KBS, public broadcasting group operates 7 channels.

663:, served a wide regional audience that included the 3406: 3366: 3108: 3001: 2951: 2903: 2834: 2631: 2560: 2430: 2304: 2243: 2210: 2149: 1936: 1910: 687:. Under the close oversight of its owner, the late 100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 411:'s government continued the military government's 1723: 1721: 298:flavor from the beginning, but faced efforts at 2776:International adoption of South Korean children 2088:United States Army Military Government in Korea 2076:Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea 391:United States Army Military Government in Korea 802:printed during the years 1452-1455. In 1446, ' 3088: 1855: 1660:"Anthology Teachings of Zen Buddhist Priests" 573:In 1989, South Korea's four largest dailies, 248:consist of several different types of public 8: 790:Baegunhwasang Chorokbuljo Jikjisimcheyojeol 2507:South Korea and weapons of mass destruction 2417:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 2273:List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea 494:companies were absorbed into the state-run 433:Supreme Council for National Reconstruction 63:Learn how and when to remove these messages 3095: 3081: 3073: 2831: 2818: 2731: 2557: 2546: 2301: 2290: 2146: 2133: 1907: 1894: 1862: 1848: 1840: 1445: 214:Learn how and when to remove this message 160:Learn how and when to remove this message 2500:List of political parties in South Korea 1635:"South Korea country profile - overview" 1158:, cable network KBS drama, KBS Joy, and 527:, including allowing newspapers to base 342:activities and permitted several Korean 2405:State Affairs Commission of North Korea 2253:Administrative divisions of South Korea 2220:Administrative divisions of North Korea 1434:International Journal of Korean History 1420: 1409:International mass media of South Korea 859:are the major conservative newspapers; 627:newspapers, the government-subsidized 2699:Science and technology in South Korea 2490:Presidential elections in South Korea 2268:List of special cities of South Korea 1608:Korea.pdf South Korea country profile 1034:List of radio stations in South Korea 7: 2495:Legislative elections in South Korea 1830:http://eng.kcc.go.kr/user/ehpMain.do 1288:An early social networking platform 1098:EBS(Educational Broadcasting System) 98:adding citations to reliable sources 1191:The Foundation of Broadcast Culture 879:are the major business newspapers. 729:urban values in rural communities. 478:During the Park and the subsequent 457:Press Ethics Commission Law of 1964 2646:Economic inequality in South Korea 2641:Automotive industry in South Korea 2570:Automotive industry in North Korea 1215:Internet censorship in South Korea 826:Published in the late Joseon era, 25: 2684:Financial services in South Korea 2656:Telecommunications in South Korea 2580:Telecommunications in North Korea 1399:List of newspapers in South Korea 306:during most of the 20th century. 44:This article has multiple issues. 3461: 3452: 3451: 2766:Gender inequality in South Korea 2443:Foreign relations of South Korea 2317:Foreign relations of North Korea 769:(run as a public organization), 500:Basic Press Act of December 1980 496:Korean Broadcasting System (KBS) 176: 74: 33: 2689:Fishing industry in South Korea 2512:National Assembly (South Korea) 1870:Index of Korea-related articles 1820:http://office.kbs.co.kr/museum/ 85:needs additional citations for 52:or discuss these issues on the 3419:British Indian Ocean Territory 2475:Republic of Korea Armed Forces 1475:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture 1428:Yang, Jeong Sim (2016-08-31). 1280:'s blog are the most popular. 1021:jonghab Mulga Jeongbo (종합물가정보) 378:After World War II (1945–1990) 1: 3498:Mass media in Asia by country 2771:Low birth rate in South Korea 2527:Constitutional Court of Korea 2463:Prime Minister of South Korea 2337:Heads of state of North Korea 2332:Supreme Leader of North Korea 2263:List of cities in South Korea 2230:Special cities of North Korea 2225:List of cities in North Korea 1968:Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea 1404:Communications in South Korea 1189:not-for-profit organization ( 691:founder and multimillionaire 661:Far East Broadcasting Company 563:Christian Broadcasting System 413:Ordinance Number Eighty-Eight 321:Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty 2943:Korean pottery and porcelain 2852:Globalization in South Korea 1322:Restrictions on market entry 2756:Demographics of South Korea 2751:Demographics of North Korea 2714:1997 Asian financial crisis 2709:Trade unions in South Korea 2623:Rason Special Economic Zone 2470:Human rights in South Korea 2438:Constitution of South Korea 2349:Human rights in North Korea 2312:Constitution of North Korea 2092:Soviet Civil Administration 1064:, KBS Hanminjeok Radio and 733:Current status (1990–today) 459:and, after 1972, emergency 315:Colonial period (1910–1945) 109:"Mass media in South Korea" 3514: 2933:Traditional music of Korea 2603:Agriculture in North Korea 2448:Relations with North Korea 2410:President of State Affairs 2322:Relations with South Korea 2258:Environment of South Korea 2177:List of mountains in Korea 2112:COVID-19 pandemic in North 1928:Timeline of Korean history 1662:. 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