704:
2314:
357:
1365:
1216:
1244:
696:
43:
437:
172:
149:
1515:
2334:
389:
2144:
498:
compartmentalize the mediastinum differently. For instance, in the radiological scheme of Felson, there are only three compartments (anterior, middle, and posterior), and the heart is part of the middle (inferior) mediastinum.
392:
396:
395:
391:
390:
397:
1326:
if left untreated. However, that does not always occur and sometimes those conditions are actually the cause, not the result, of pneumomediastinum. These conditions frequently accompany
1215:
649:
by the transverse thoracic plane. which is an imaginary plane passing from the sternal angle anteriorly to the lower border of the body of the 4th thoracic vertebra posteriorly;
394:
1983:
von
Kodolitsch Y, Nienaber C, Dieckmann C, Schwartz A, Hofmann T, Brekenfeld C, Nicolas V, Berger J, Meinertz T (2004). "Chest radiography for the diagnosis of
249:
1665:
Cheng, Guang-Shing; Varghese, Thomas K.; Park, David R. (2016-01-01), Broaddus, V. Courtney; Mason, Robert J.; Ernst, Joel D.; King, Talmadge E. (eds.),
2209:
1767:
2114:
2108:
2082:
1728:
1686:
1644:
1599:
393:
225:
157:
1820:
126:
561:
64:
429:
behind. It contains all the organs of the thorax except the lungs. It is continuous with the loose connective tissue of the
2202:
1308:
and due to rupture of organs in the mediastinum. As the infection can progress very quickly, this is a serious condition.
703:
244:
107:
2304:
79:
60:
1788:
1487:
1464:
1546:
1032:
453:
86:
53:
2279:
1502:
1163:
812:
541:
A number of important anatomical structures and transitions occur at the level of the thoracic plane, including:
2117:
at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "The anatomical divisions of the inferior mediastinum."
2339:
2195:
2159:
954:
950:
783:
208:
93:
2274:
305:
278:
2313:
1771:
750:
361:
256:
232:
220:
1524:
2291:
1984:
1666:
1632:
1415:
1230:
770:
569:
75:
1953:
356:
2123:
at The
Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) – "Subdivisions of the Thoracic Cavity"
1579:
1459:
928:
898:
1868:
Geusens; Pans, S.; Prinsloo, J.; Fourneau, I. (2005). "The widened mediastinum in trauma patients".
1708:
2286:
2148:
1095:
756:
616:
535:
287:
1821:"UAMS Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences - Topographical Anatomy of the Thorax"
1293:: Neurogenic tumors, either from the nerve sheath (mostly benign) or elsewhere (mostly malignant).
2266:
1477:
1430:
1327:
1226:
1116:
1089:
1021:
777:
612:
595:
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468:
373:
31:
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2004:
1965:
1934:
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1724:
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1400:
1323:
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1252:
1183:
1178:
1109:
934:
902:
760:
656:
546:
410:
2072:
2024:"Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the United States"
2043:
2035:
1996:
1924:
1916:
1877:
1716:
1674:
1587:
1444:
1438:
1405:
1364:
1319:
1143:
1105:
1061:
729:
708:
676:
538:. It serves as an imaginary boundary that separates the superior and inferior mediastinum.
524:
426:
2335:
Knowledge (XXG) articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
2261:
2256:
2219:
1395:
1159:
1049:
1042:
1015:
983:– It contains the vital organs and is classified into the serous and fibrous pericardium.
980:
577:
418:
301:
1850:
1828:
444:
The mediastinum can be divided into an upper (or superior) and lower (or inferior) part:
100:
2111:
at Human
Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center – "Divisions of the mediastinum."
2318:
2248:
2048:
2023:
1929:
1904:
1720:
1678:
1410:
1139:
1055:
636:
584:
2153:
1287:: lymphadenopathy, metastatic disease such as from small cell carcinoma from the lung.
1243:
2328:
2238:
1920:
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528:
337:
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177:
1423:- a widened mediastinum was found in 7 of the first 10 victims infected by anthrax (
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842:
695:
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153:
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42:
2175:
1789:"Cell Biology and Anatomy - School of Medicine - University of South Carolina"
2120:
1384:
is where the mediastinum has a width greater than 6 cm on an upright PA
237:
1796:
1560:
1373:
1331:
1314:
is the presence of air in the mediastinum, which in some cases can lead to
1190:
825:
666:
606:
487:
317:
2057:
2039:
2008:
1889:
17:
1969:
1938:
1088:; pulmonary vessels; fibrous pericardium and posterior sloping surface of
1305:
1278:
1270:
2187:
1851:"Thoracic aortic injury | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org"
471:. This lower part is subdivided into three regions, all relative to the
436:
171:
148:
1481:
1420:
1274:
1085:
1036:
874:
819:
554:
550:
491:
422:
321:
2136:
308:, it is a region that contains vital organs and structures within the
262:
1266:
1222:
959:
836:
640:
406:
341:
309:
161:
1671:
Murray and Nadel's
Textbook of Respiratory Medicine (Sixth Edition)
1242:
1005:
938:
694:
475:– the anterior mediastinum being in front of the pericardium, the
435:
387:
355:
313:
196:
176:
Mediastinum. The division between superior and inferior is at the
1631:
Ng, Wai-Kuen (2008-01-01), Bibbo, Marluce; Wilbur, David (eds.),
1578:
Fong, K. M.; Windsor, M.; Bowman, R. V.; Duhig, E. (2006-01-01),
1251:
The mediastinum is frequently the site of involvement of various
2071:
Gideon P. Naudé; Fred S. Bongard; Demetrios
Demetriades (2003).
1905:"The widened mediastinum. Diagnostic and therapeutic priorities"
1391:
A widened mediastinum can be indicative of several pathologies:
430:
414:
2191:
36:
1768:"Thoracic Wall, Pleura, and Pericardium – Dissector Answers"
2022:
Jernigan JA, Stephens DS, Ashford DA, et al. (2001).
594:
arching over the right main bronchus and joining into the
1561:"Mediastinum dictionary definition - mediastinum defined"
1441:. It is diagnosed with water-soluble swallowed contrast.
1673:, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, pp. 1478–1495.e38,
1580:"TUMORS, MALIGNANT | Carcinoma, Lymph Node Involvement"
1582:, in Laurent, Geoffrey J.; Shapiro, Steven D. (eds.),
2302:
1084:
Anteriorly by (from above downwards): bifurcation of
2126:
2247:
2226:
2130:
1354:
1349:
605:crossing the midline from right to left behind the
479:contains the pericardium and its contents, and the
413:. It is surrounded by the chest wall in front, the
243:
231:
219:
207:
195:
190:
185:
141:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1709:"The deeper fasciae of the neck and ventral torso"
1108:from the lower border of the fifth to the twelfth
822:with paratracheal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes
1903:Richardson; Wilson, M. E.; Miller, F. B. (1990).
965:superior and inferior sternopericardial ligaments
1713:Fascia: The Tensional Network of the Human Body
1639:, Edinburgh: W.B. Saunders, pp. 773–809,
2203:
8:
1586:, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 366–373,
1101:Superiorly by the transverse thoracic plane;
937:which ascend from the convex surface of the
1815:
1813:
1637:Comprehensive Cytopathology (Third Edition)
1304:of the tissues in the mediastinum, usually
2210:
2196:
2188:
2127:
2077:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 95–.
1751:Felson's Principles of Chest Roentgenology
1363:
1346:
1123:
1094:Inferiorly by the thoracic surface of the
986:
909:
683:
170:
147:
2047:
1928:
409:and is enclosed on the right and left by
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
1783:
1781:
1382:Widened mediastinum/mediastinal widening
702:
2309:
1538:
1211:
901:and the fifth, sixth, and seventh left
1870:European Journal of Emergency Medicine
1762:
1760:
1519:This article incorporates text in the
1388:or 8 cm on supine AP chest film.
1372:Widened mediastinum in a patient with
260:
138:
1503:List of anatomy mnemonics#Mediastinum
803:superficial and deep cardiac plexuses
628:The superior mediastinum is bounded:
401:CT thorax (axial, mediastinal window)
7:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1584:Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine
300:) is the central compartment of the
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1667:"83 - Mediastinal Tumors and Cysts"
457:
360:The mediastinum can be seen from a
293:
158:high resolution computed tomography
27:Central part of the thoracic cavity
1721:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3425-1.00041-6
1679:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3383-5.00083-x
943:Two or three anterior mediastinal
164:, with mediastinum marked in blue.
25:
1952:Chandra S, Laor YG (April 1975).
1104:Posteriorly by the bodies of the
707:Some mediastinal structures on a
421:at the back. It extends from the
2312:
1954:"Lung scan and wide mediastinum"
1921:10.1097/00000658-199006000-00012
1915:(6): 731–736, discussion 736–7.
1882:10.1097/00063110-200508000-00006
1513:
1214:
405:The mediastinum lies within the
41:
364:in this illustration, with the
52:needs additional citations for
1592:10.1016/b0-12-370879-6/00407-5
1225:, showing the contents of the
1076:Posterior inferior mediastinum
1045:dividing into its two branches
847:anterior longitudinal ligament
562:left recurrent laryngeal nerve
1:
862:Anterior inferior mediastinum
553:into the left and right main
483:being behind the pericardium.
2001:10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.08.030
1715:, Elsevier, pp. 45–52,
1480:(unrelated structure in the
1465:thoracic vertebrae fractures
1221:A transverse section of the
1527:of the 20th edition of
1488:Mediastinal germ cell tumor
1066:pericardiacophrenic vessels
975:Middle inferior mediastinum
675:by the first four thoracic
639:, the upper opening of the
2356:
1633:"CHAPTER 26 - Mediastinum"
1033:bifurcation of the trachea
454:superior thoracic aperture
29:
1371:
1362:
1164:accessory hemiazygos vein
813:recurrent laryngeal nerve
755:thoracic portions of the
509:transverse thoracic plane
255:
169:
146:
2115:Anatomy figure: 21:02-03
2109:Anatomy figure: 21:01-03
1433:- presents usually with
955:internal thoracic artery
784:highest intercostal vein
30:Not to be confused with
564:branching off the left
467:from this level to the
376:, which is part of the
306:loose connective tissue
2040:10.3201/eid0706.010604
1707:Breul, Rainer (2012),
1565:www.yourdictionary.com
1248:
1247:Mediastinal adenopathy
1020:the lower half of the
751:brachiocephalic artery
712:
700:
568:and hooking under the
441:
402:
385:
348:of the central chest.
282:
257:Anatomical terminology
2292:Suprapleural membrane
1985:acute aortic syndrome
1774:on September 1, 2012.
1416:hilar lymphadenopathy
1291:Posterior mediastinum
1246:
1239:Clinical significance
1231:posterior mediastinum
962:(involuted in adults)
771:brachiocephalic veins
706:
698:
570:ligamentum arteriosum
481:posterior mediastinum
439:
417:to the sides and the
400:
359:
316:and its vessels, the
2028:Emerging Infect. Dis
1460:pericardial effusion
1358:Mediastinal widening
1260:Anterior mediastinum
951:mediastinal branches
929:loose areolar tissue
899:transversus thoracis
857:Inferior mediastinum
699:Mediastinum anatomy.
624:Superior mediastinum
617:prevertebral fasciae
583:The starting of the
527:at the level of the
465:inferior mediastinum
450:superior mediastinum
378:inferior mediastinum
366:superior mediastinum
61:improve this article
2287:Endothoracic fascia
1749:Goodman, Lawrence.
1467:in trauma patients.
1350:Widened mediastinum
1048:the right and left
757:left common carotid
549:bifurcation of the
536:intervertebral disc
2280:Costodiaphragmatic
2267:Pulmonary ligament
1478:Mediastinum testis
1431:esophageal rupture
1425:Bacillus anthracis
1421:anthrax inhalation
1328:Boerhaave syndrome
1285:Middle mediastinum
1249:
1117:mediastinal pleura
1022:superior vena cava
778:superior vena cava
776:upper half of the
734:lower ends of the
713:
701:
596:superior vena cava
477:middle mediastinum
442:
403:
386:
374:pericardial cavity
32:Mediastinum testis
2300:
2299:
2185:
2184:
2084:978-1-56053-506-5
1909:Annals of Surgery
1730:978-0-7020-3425-1
1688:978-1-4557-3383-5
1646:978-1-4160-4208-2
1601:978-0-12-370879-3
1498:Mediastinal tumor
1455:cardiac tamponade
1435:pneumomediastinum
1401:aortic dissection
1379:
1378:
1344:Medical condition
1330:, or spontaneous
1324:pneumopericardium
1312:Pneumomediastinum
1209:
1208:
1184:sympathetic chain
1179:splanchnic nerves
1119:(on either side).
1115:Laterally by the
1110:thoracic vertebra
1072:
1071:
971:
970:
935:lymphatic vessels
903:costal cartilages
853:
852:
398:
292:'midway';
291:
271:
270:
266:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2347:
2317:
2316:
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2275:Costomediastinal
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2128:
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2012:
1980:
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1859:
1858:
1849:D'Souza, Donna.
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1827:. Archived from
1825:anatomy.uams.edu
1817:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1795:. Archived from
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1770:. Archived from
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1445:mediastinal mass
1439:pleural effusion
1406:aortic unfolding
1367:
1347:
1320:pneumoperitoneum
1218:
1144:descending aorta
1124:
1106:vertebral column
1062:lymphatic glands
1008:enclosed in the
987:
910:
730:Sternothyreoidei
709:chest radiograph
684:
677:vertebral bodies
525:anatomical plane
523:is an important
456:and ends at the
427:vertebral column
425:in front to the
399:
304:. Surrounded by
295:
286:
263:edit on Wikidata
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2340:Thoracic cavity
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2311:
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2262:Visceral pleura
2257:Parietal pleura
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2222:
2218:Anatomy of the
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2139:
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2016:
1982:
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1855:radiopaedia.org
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1514:
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1396:aortic aneurysm
1345:
1342:
1241:
1234:
1219:
1210:
1160:hemiazygos vein
1129:
1078:
1073:
1060:some bronchial
1050:pulmonary veins
1043:pulmonary trunk
1028:opening into it
1016:ascending aorta
992:
981:pericardial sac
977:
972:
915:
864:
859:
854:
835:remains of the
761:left subclavian
724:origins of the
689:
669:of the sternum;
626:
611:The end of the
578:pulmonary trunk
521:plane of Ludwig
505:
494:, and clinical
388:
354:
302:thoracic cavity
267:
181:
165:
133:
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2249:Pleural cavity
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2131:Classification
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2103:External links
2101:
2098:
2097:
2083:
2074:Trauma secrets
2063:
2014:
1975:
1944:
1895:
1876:(4): 179–184.
1860:
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1809:
1793:dba.med.sc.edu
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1687:
1657:
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1612:
1600:
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1552:
1547:"A index W LA"
1537:
1536:
1530:Gray's Anatomy
1510:
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1411:aortic rupture
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1056:phrenic nerves
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927:A quantity of
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637:thoracic inlet
625:
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588:
585:cardiac plexus
581:
576:above and the
558:
517:plane of Louis
513:thoracic plane
504:
503:Thoracic plane
501:
485:
484:
461:
458:thoracic plane
452:starts at the
353:
350:
334:cardiac nerves
279:Medieval Latin
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117:September 2014
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2239:Thoracic wall
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2121:thoraxlesson3
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2034:(6): 933–44.
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1521:public domain
1508:
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1493:Mediastinitis
1491:
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1479:
1476:
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1471:
1466:
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1450:mediastinitis
1448:
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1298:Mediastinitis
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
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1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:: substernal
1261:
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1245:
1238:
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1212:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1196:thoracic duct
1194:
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831:thoracic duct
829:
827:
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807:phrenic nerve
805:
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799:cardiac nerve
797:
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726:Sternohyoidei
723:
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603:thoracic duct
600:
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548:
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529:sternal angle
526:
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338:thoracic duct
335:
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311:
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173:
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159:
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109:
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102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
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81:
78: –
77:
76:"Mediastinum"
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2233:
2169:
2158:
2143:
2088:. Retrieved
2073:
2066:
2031:
2027:
2017:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1964:(4): 324–5.
1961:
1958:J. Nucl. Med
1957:
1947:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1854:
1844:
1833:. Retrieved
1829:the original
1824:
1801:. Retrieved
1797:the original
1792:
1772:the original
1750:
1744:
1734:, retrieved
1712:
1702:
1692:, retrieved
1670:
1660:
1650:, retrieved
1636:
1605:, retrieved
1583:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1541:
1532:
1518:
1512:
1424:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1336:
1316:pneumothorax
1310:
1302:inflammation
1296:
1290:
1284:
1259:
1250:
1202:lymph glands
1080:Is bounded:
1079:
1035:and the two
978:
890:
880:
870:
866:Is bounded:
865:
843:lymph glands
672:
662:
652:
646:
632:
627:
572:between the
540:
520:
516:
512:
508:
506:
496:radiologists
486:
480:
476:
464:
449:
443:
404:
381:
377:
369:
365:
362:frontal view
297:
274:
272:
226:A07.1.02.101
201:
154:3D rendering
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2234:Mediastinum
1995:(2): 73–7.
1386:chest X-ray
1355:Other names
1174:vagus nerve
1154:azygos vein
1026:azygos vein
1010:pericardium
945:lymph nodes
897:, the left
885:pericardium
881:posteriorly
794:vagus nerve
746:aortic arch
736:Longi colli
673:posteriorly
613:pretracheal
592:azygos vein
574:aortic arch
566:vagus nerve
473:pericardium
440:Mediastinum
346:lymph nodes
283:mediastinus
275:mediastinum
202:mediastinum
191:Identifiers
142:Mediastinum
18:Mediastinal
2329:Categories
2171:DiseasesDB
1835:2014-09-22
1803:2014-09-22
1736:2020-11-17
1694:2020-11-17
1652:2020-11-17
1607:2020-11-17
1509:References
1427:) in 2001.
1332:esophageal
949:The small
891:anteriorly
663:anteriorly
647:inferiorly
633:superiorly
488:Anatomists
380:, labeled
372:, and the
298:mediastina
87:newspapers
2271:Recesses
1525:page 1090
1374:achalasia
1334:rupture.
1306:bacterial
1191:esophagus
1112:(behind);
1096:diaphragm
1090:diaphragm
1024:with the
979:Bounded:
871:laterally
826:esophagus
742:arteries
667:manubrium
653:laterally
607:esophagus
469:diaphragm
318:esophagus
2090:19 April
2058:11747719
2009:14715319
1989:Am J Med
1890:16034263
1472:See also
1340:Widening
1279:teratoma
1271:lymphoma
1229:and the
1162:and the
1128:Contents
1098:(below);
999:Contents
991:Contents
922:Contents
914:Contents
759:and the
721:muscles
716:Contents
688:Contents
531:and the
492:surgeons
368:labeled
344:and the
2319:Anatomy
2227:General
2165:D008482
2049:2631903
1970:1113190
1939:2357135
1930:1358125
1482:scrotum
1275:thymoma
1267:goiters
1264:thyroid
1170:nerves
1142:of the
1136:artery
1086:trachea
1037:bronchi
953:of the
895:sternum
893:by the
883:by the
875:pleurae
873:by the
820:trachea
790:nerves
665:by the
657:pleurae
655:by the
635:by the
555:bronchi
551:trachea
547:carinal
423:sternum
411:pleurae
352:Anatomy
330:phrenic
322:trachea
290:
214:D008482
186:Details
160:of the
101:scholar
2305:Portal
2220:thorax
2081:
2056:
2046:
2007:
1968:
1937:
1927:
1888:
1727:
1685:
1643:
1598:
1533:(1918)
1322:, and
1277:, and
1253:tumors
1227:middle
1223:thorax
1150:veins
960:Thymus
837:thymus
767:veins
641:thorax
580:below.
407:thorax
342:thymus
340:, the
336:, the
324:, the
320:, the
310:thorax
277:(from
162:thorax
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2176:29459
2154:519.3
1523:from
1200:some
1006:heart
939:liver
933:Some
841:some
811:left
782:left
533:T4/T5
419:spine
415:lungs
326:vagus
314:heart
261:[
197:Latin
156:of a
108:JSTOR
94:books
2160:MeSH
2149:9-CM
2092:2010
2079:ISBN
2054:PMID
2005:PMID
1966:PMID
1935:PMID
1886:PMID
1725:ISBN
1683:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1596:ISBN
1437:and
1158:the
1054:the
1041:the
1031:the
1014:the
1004:the
728:and
615:and
601:The
590:The
560:The
545:The
507:The
463:The
448:The
431:neck
332:and
288:lit.
273:The
250:9826
238:3333
221:TA98
209:MeSH
80:news
2145:ICD
2044:PMC
2036:doi
1997:doi
1993:116
1987:".
1925:PMC
1917:doi
1913:211
1878:doi
1717:doi
1675:doi
1588:doi
1300:is
773:and
519:or
294:pl.
245:FMA
233:TA2
63:by
2331::
2174::
2163::
2152::
2052:.
2042:.
2030:.
2026:.
2003:.
1991:.
1962:16
1960:.
1956:.
1933:.
1923:.
1911:.
1907:.
1884:.
1874:12
1872:.
1853:.
1823:.
1812:^
1791:.
1780:^
1759:^
1723:,
1711:,
1681:,
1669:,
1635:,
1615:^
1594:,
1563:.
1318:,
1273:,
1269:,
1255::
515:,
511:,
490:,
433:.
328:,
296::
285:,
281::
2307::
2211:e
2204:t
2197:v
2147:-
2137:D
2094:.
2060:.
2038::
2032:7
2011:.
1999::
1972:.
1941:.
1919::
1892:.
1880::
1857:.
1838:.
1806:.
1753:.
1719::
1677::
1590::
1567:.
1549:.
1484:)
1281:.
1233:.
905:.
887:;
877:;
711:.
679:.
659:;
643:;
619:.
598:.
587:.
557:.
460:.
384:.
382:d
370:a
265:]
180:.
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
