2752:
85:
62:
44:
383:
621:). Despite having high levels of agronomic performance, these are typically viewed as undesirable in sheep based farming systems due to their ability to become lodged in wool, reducing fleece value. Breeding efforts in the 1990's have yielded spineless varieties of
584:
species. Comparison of these phylogenies indicates many transitions in the compatibility of the association over evolutionary time. Furthermore, they propose that the geographical distribution of strains limits the distribution of particular
516:
Comprehensive descriptions of the genus are Lesinš and Lesinš 1979 and Small and Jomphe 1989. Major collections are SARDI (Australia), USDA-GRIN (United States), ICARDA (
3421:
3460:
505:
is a model legume due to its relatively small stature, small genome (450–500 Mbp), short generation time (about 3 months), and ability to reproduce both by
609:) have been used as forage crops. Select species in the Medicago genus naturally develop spiney pods during the reproductive phase of growth (such as
3369:
597:
Agronomic research has been conducted on species of the
Medicago genus. Other than alfalfa, several of the prostrate members of the family (such as
3434:
3382:
2801:
2163:
3496:
2846:
3042:
2702:
2483:
2302:
3624:
3281:
2948:
3286:
2727:
3581:
2821:
2638:
3408:
3098:
2878:
2772:
3144:
Yoder JB, Briskine R, Mudge J, Farmer A, Paape T, Steele K, Weiblen GD, Bharti AK, Zhou P, May GD, Young ND, Tiffin P (2013).
3555:
3439:
2797:
627:, providing valuable production amongst farming systems in low rainfall (<300mm annual), free draining, alkaline soils.
3447:
191:
3245:
2436:
2384:
3560:
3509:
3006:
3004:(Fabaceae) as inferred from phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences".
2909:
2331:
2084:
2045:
667:
3465:
1347:
84:
24:
3619:
3088:
Béna G. (2001). "Molecular phylogeny supports the morphologically based taxonomic transfer of the "medicagoid"
2996:
Downie SR, Katz-Downie DS, Rogers EJ, Zujewski HL, Small E (1998). "Multiple independent losses of the plastid
2659:
2473:
3514:
2677:
807:
3346:
894:
1971:
indicate that the sections and subsections defined by Small & Jomphe, as outlined above, are generally
1740:
1536:
1127:
1100:
3333:
3188:
1768:
1573:
1516:
1367:
904:
867:
797:
777:
70:
2941:"Molecular phylogenetic approach for studying life-history evolution: the ambiguous example of the genus
2358:
1758:
1434:
1387:
1117:
837:
827:
3614:
3351:
3338:
1653:
1603:
1484:
1417:
1301:
1291:
1221:
1189:
1157:
975:
787:
767:
747:
737:
1643:
1593:
1357:
1211:
1073:
1009:
992:
817:
720:
423:, and extending across temperate Eurasia and sub-Saharan Africa. The best-known member of the genus is
2259:
2167:
2124:
Gholami A, De Geyter N, Pollier J, Goormachtig S, Goossens A (2014). "Natural product biosynthesis in
2038:
1778:
1407:
1397:
1179:
1137:
1043:
857:
847:
477:
3586:
3475:
3387:
3294:
3107:
3051:
2615:
1377:
1330:
1063:
1053:
938:
921:
877:
757:
481:
2410:
2478:. Plant Genetics and Genomics: Crops and Models. Vol. II. New York, NY: Springer. p. 38.
2466:
1964:
1788:
1710:
1670:
1623:
1526:
1474:
647:
617:
611:
605:
501:
420:
52:
2706:
3568:
3501:
3150:
3123:
2597:
2514:
1798:
1583:
256:
79:
3609:
3483:
3426:
3268:
3169:
3067:
2975:
2589:
2533:
2479:
2298:
2241:
2145:
2103:
1730:
1700:
1563:
1506:
1090:
599:
3488:
3036:
Béna G, Prosperi JM, Lejeune B, Olivieri I (1998). "Evolution of annual species of the genus
3537:
3159:
3115:
3059:
3015:
2965:
2957:
2918:
2579:
2523:
2340:
2231:
2223:
2214:
2137:
2093:
1690:
1680:
1633:
1553:
1251:
1026:
965:
955:
510:
431:), an important forage crop, and the genus name is based on the Latin name for that plant,
1613:
1464:
1454:
1444:
1231:
1147:
533:
400:
235:
122:
3325:
3111:
3055:
2864:
3226:
2970:
2940:
2731:
2236:
2205:
1720:
659:
655:
445:
438:
109:
61:
3361:
3603:
2825:
2584:
2555:
663:
576:
543:
218:
20:
3127:
2882:
2776:
2601:
43:
3573:
3273:
2206:"Amplification, contraction and genomic spread of a satellite DNA family (E180) in
651:
227:
3237:
3250:
3547:
3452:
3395:
3220:
671:
643:
506:
457:
2903:
Gillespie DJ, McComb JA (1991). "Morphology and distribution of species in the
2528:
2505:
676:
623:
549:
485:
469:
201:
3211:
3320:
3307:
3164:
3145:
1976:
1972:
473:
456:(hence the common name). However, alfalfa grows to a height of 1 meter, and
178:
3527:
3173:
3063:
2961:
2593:
2537:
2440:
2245:
2149:
2107:
1975:. However, with minor revisions sections and subsections could be rendered
3119:
3071:
2979:
3522:
3260:
3205:
2297:. The Hague, The Netherlands: Dr. W. Junk B. V. Publishers. p. 132.
2227:
416:
168:
135:
2098:
2063:
468:. Members of the genus are known to produce bioactive compounds such as
419:). It contains at least 87 species and is distributed mainly around the
382:
3374:
2504:
Maureira Butler IJ, Pfeil BE, Muangprom A, Osborn TC, Doyle JJ (2008).
2141:
554:
448:(grass). Most members of the genus are low, creeping herbs, resembling
424:
158:
3400:
3146:"Phylogenetic signal variation in the genomes of Medicago (Fabaceae)"
538:
449:
412:
148:
3182:
3019:
2922:
2344:
19:
This article is about the plant genus. For the biotech company, see
547:(deervetch) 49–51 million years ago (also in the Eocene), and from
3312:
639:
517:
465:
396:
381:
96:
3413:
2681:
2564:
symbiotic specificity evolution and the geographic expansion of
580:
strains and tested the symbiotic ability of six strains with 35
3186:
3299:
2362:
453:
2062:
Steele KP, Ickert-Bond SM, Zarre S, Wojciechowski MF (2010).
2388:
2267:
2414:
2703:"Genera Containing Currently Accepted Names: Medicago"
537:(soybean) about 53–55 million years ago (in the early
16:
Genus of flowering plants in the bean family
Fabaceae
3195:
2939:Béna G, Lejeune B, Prosperi JM, Olivieri I (1998).
2620:) | Mississippi State University Extension Service"
2325:Small E, Jomphe M (1989). "A Synopsis of the Genus
1813:The status of the following species is unresolved:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2411:"ICARDA Sustainable Agriculture for the Dry Areas"
2068:(Leguminosae): Evidence from analyses of plastid
2637:Belinda Hackney; Dr Brian Dear; Graham Crocker.
2164:"Alfalfa Crop Germplasm Committee Report, 2000"
2016:has been questioned by Small and Jomphe, 1988.
574:(2005) constructed a molecular phylogeny of 23
1809:Species names with uncertain taxonomic status
8:
2554:Béna G, Lyet A, Huguet T, Olivier I (2005).
561:Ecological interactions with other organisms
432:
3183:
60:
42:
31:
3163:
2991:
2989:
2969:
2583:
2527:
2460:
2458:
2385:"GRIN National Genetic Resources Program"
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2235:
2204:Rosato M, Galián JA, Rosselló JA (2012).
2119:
2117:
2097:
3139:
3137:
3083:
3081:
3031:
3029:
2934:
2932:
2549:
2547:
2057:
2055:
2802:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2028:
1988:
638:species are used as food plants by the
566:Symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia
386:Anatomical diagram of Medicago flowers.
3040:: a molecular phylogenetic approach".
2064:"Phylogeny and character evolution in
2034:
2032:
7:
3561:27aad4b2-34dd-42c6-8f60-fb8246f7579d
3476:9de85513-37bb-4366-b7a8-d0ad1d3e68cc
2865:"The Biota of North America Program"
674:moths and case-bearers of the genus
842:(Huber-Mor. & Sirjaev) E. Small
2660:"Factsheet - Spineless burr medic"
2295:(Leguminosae): A Taxogenetic Study
309:(Serg.) Opiz (1852), nom. superfl.
14:
3515:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331761-2
2585:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00952.x
2475:Genetics and Genomics of Soybean
2467:"3. Legume Comparative Genomics"
553:10–22 million years ago (in the
83:
2753:"IPNI Plant Name Query Results"
2190:(2nd ed., 2005), p. 1054, s.v.
2728:"Species Nomenclature in GRIN"
2188:New Oxford American Dictionary
1:
2639:"Naturalised pasture legumes"
2210:(Fabaceae) and allied genera"
2049:. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
1965:molecular phylogenic analyses
192:Inverted repeat-lacking clade
2289:Lesinš KA, Lesinš I (1979).
1078:(Boiss. & Bal.) E. Small
980:Greuter, Matthas & Risse
909:(Boiss. & Bal.) E. Small
899:(Boiss. & Bal.) E. Small
882:(Boiss. & Bal.) E. Small
862:(Boiss. & Bal.) E. Small
704:This list is compiled from:
317:Noulet (1837), nom. superfl.
3625:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2506:"The reticulate history of
1348:Medicago archiducis-nicolai
752:(Fisch. & Mey.) Trautv.
3641:
2046:Plants of the World Online
668:setaceous Hebrew character
18:
2529:10.1080/10635150802172168
832:(Kar. & Kir.) Trautv.
442:
262:
255:
248:
243:
233:
226:
80:Scientific classification
78:
68:
59:
50:
41:
34:
25:Medicago (disambiguation)
2773:"AgroAtlas - Relatives"
2130:Natural Product Reports
1664:Subsection Pachyspireae
1547:Subsection Leptospireae
888:Subsection Isthmocarpae
808:Medicago medicaginoides
3064:10.1006/mpev.1998.0493
2962:10.1098/rspb.1998.0410
1818:Medicago agropyretorum
1769:Medicago sphaerocarpos
1500:Subsection Intertextae
895:Medicago rhytidiocarpa
692:(feeds exclusively on
646:species including the
520:), and INRA (France).
433:
387:
3165:10.1093/sysbio/syt009
3120:10.1007/s006060170012
3092:species to the genus
2709:on September 30, 2008
2664:keys.lucidcentral.org
2624:extension.msstate.edu
2472:. In Stacey G (ed.).
1922:Medicago talyschensis
1914:Medicago schischkinii
1885:(A. Heller) A. Heller
1882:Medicago karatschaica
1874:Medicago hemicoerulea
1741:Medicago rigiduloides
1598:Winkl. & Fedtsch.
1537:Medicago muricoleptis
1302:Medicago suffruticosa
1204:M. p. pseudorupestris
1128:Medicago daghestanica
1101:Medicago secundiflora
822:(C. A. Meyer) Trautv.
762:(Huber-Mor.) E. Small
742:(Huber-Mor.) E. Small
385:
2847:"eFlora Search Page"
1858:Medicago grossheimii
1574:Medicago disciformis
1517:Medicago granadensis
1368:Medicago edgeworthii
1331:Medicago orbicularis
1054:Medicago brachycarpa
1020:Section Hymenocarpos
939:Medicago carstiensis
922:Medicago monspeliaca
905:Medicago isthmocarpa
868:Medicago polyceratia
798:Medicago heldreichii
778:Medicago fischeriana
482:triterpenoid saponin
403:, commonly known as
71:Medicago granadensis
23:For other uses, see
3112:2001PSyEv.229..217B
3056:1998MolPE...9..552B
3043:Mol Phylogenet Evol
2956:(1401): 1141–1151.
2417:on 11 December 2008
2270:on 29 December 2008
2262:Medicago truncatula
2099:10.3732/ajb.1000009
1995:Some sources treat
1946:Medicago vardanis'
1930:Medicago transoxana
1845:Maire & Weiller
1789:Medicago truncatula
1759:Medicago soleirolii
1711:Medicago littoralis
1671:Medicago constricta
1624:Medicago polymorpha
1527:Medicago intertexta
1495:Section Spirocarpos
1475:Medicago scutellata
1435:Medicago blancheana
1388:Medicago playtcarpa
1341:Section Platycarpae
1324:Section Orbiculares
1118:Medicago cancellata
970:(Font Quer) Greuter
949:Section Dendrotelis
932:Section Carstiensae
915:Subsection Reflexae
838:Medicago pamphylica
828:Medicago orthoceras
714:Subsection Deflexae
618:Medicago polymorpha
612:Medicago intertexta
606:Medicago truncatula
502:Medicago truncatula
421:Mediterranean Basin
53:Medicago littoralis
2465:Cannon S. (2008).
2365:on 26 October 2008
2228:10.1093/aob/mcr309
2142:10.1039/C3NP70104B
1954:Medicago virescens
1906:Medicago polychroa
1890:Medicago komarovii
1850:Medicago difalcata
1834:Medicago caucasica
1826:Medicago alatavica
1799:Medicago turbinata
1654:Medicago tenoreana
1604:Medicago laxispira
1584:Medicago laciniata
1485:Medicago shepardii
1428:Subsection Rotatae
1418:Medicago ruthenica
1316:M. s. suffruticosa
1292:Medicago saxatilis
1222:Medicago rupestris
1190:Medicago prostrata
1158:Medicago papillosa
1048:(Griseb.) E. Small
976:Medicago strasseri
788:Medicago halophila
768:Medicago crassipes
748:Medicago astroites
738:Medicago arenicola
731:Subsection Erectae
388:
250:87–105; see text.
3597:
3596:
3484:Open Tree of Life
3189:Taxon identifiers
2917:(12): 2655–2662.
2678:"ILDIS LegumeWeb"
2618:Medicago lupulina
2485:978-0-387-72298-6
2391:on 14 August 2009
2304:978-90-6193-598-8
2014:Medicago sinskiae
1958:
1949:
1942:
1941:(Murb.) A.W. Hill
1938:Medicago tunetana
1934:
1926:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1866:Medicago gunibica
1862:
1854:
1846:
1842:Medicago cyrenaea
1838:
1830:
1822:
1804:
1794:
1784:
1774:
1764:
1754:
1750:Medicago sinskiae
1746:
1736:
1731:Medicago rigidula
1726:
1716:
1706:
1701:Medicago lesinsii
1696:
1686:
1676:
1659:
1649:
1644:Medicago sauvagei
1639:
1629:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1594:Medicago lanigera
1589:
1579:
1569:
1564:Medicago coronata
1559:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1507:Medicago ciliaris
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1440:
1423:
1413:
1412:(E. Kor.) Sirjaev
1403:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1358:Medicago cretacea
1353:
1336:
1307:
1297:
1237:
1227:
1217:
1212:Medicago rhodopea
1195:
1185:
1163:
1153:
1143:
1133:
1123:
1106:
1096:
1091:Medicago lupulina
1084:Section Lupularia
1079:
1074:Medicago rostrata
1069:
1059:
1049:
1032:
1015:
1010:Medicago heyniana
1003:Section Heynianae
998:
993:Medicago hypogaea
981:
971:
961:
944:
927:
910:
900:
883:
873:
863:
853:
852:(Boiss.) E. Small
843:
833:
823:
818:Medicago monantha
813:
803:
802:(Boiss.) E. Small
793:
792:(Boiss.) E. Small
783:
773:
772:(Boiss.) E. Small
763:
753:
743:
726:
725:(Boiss.) E. Small
721:Medicago retrorsa
631:Insect herbivores
600:Medicago lupulina
593:Agricultural uses
380:
379:
222:
3632:
3590:
3589:
3577:
3576:
3564:
3563:
3551:
3550:
3541:
3540:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3517:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3456:
3455:
3453:NHMSYS0000460628
3443:
3442:
3430:
3429:
3417:
3416:
3404:
3403:
3391:
3390:
3378:
3377:
3365:
3364:
3355:
3354:
3342:
3341:
3329:
3328:
3316:
3315:
3303:
3302:
3290:
3289:
3277:
3276:
3264:
3263:
3254:
3253:
3241:
3240:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3167:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3106:(3–4): 217–236.
3085:
3076:
3075:
3033:
3024:
3023:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2973:
2936:
2927:
2926:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2881:. Archived from
2879:"The Plant List"
2875:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2824:. Archived from
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2775:. Archived from
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2730:. Archived from
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2705:. Archived from
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2680:. Archived from
2674:
2668:
2667:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2587:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2531:
2501:
2490:
2489:
2471:
2462:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2439:. Archived from
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2413:. Archived from
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2387:. Archived from
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2361:. Archived from
2355:
2349:
2348:
2329:(Leguminosae)".
2322:
2309:
2308:
2286:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2266:. Archived from
2256:
2250:
2249:
2239:
2201:
2195:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2175:
2166:. Archived from
2160:
2154:
2153:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2101:
2092:(7): 1142–1155.
2059:
2050:
2036:
2017:
2012:The validity of
2010:
2004:
2001:Medicago arborea
1999:as a synonym of
1997:Medicago citrina
1993:
1956:
1947:
1940:
1932:
1924:
1916:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1802:
1792:
1782:
1779:Medicago syriaca
1772:
1762:
1752:
1744:
1734:
1724:
1714:
1704:
1694:
1691:Medicago italica
1684:
1681:Medicago doliata
1674:
1657:
1647:
1637:
1634:Medicago praecox
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1554:Medicago arabica
1540:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1438:
1421:
1411:
1408:Medicago popovii
1402:(Boiss.) Sirjaev
1401:
1398:Medicago plicata
1391:
1382:(Boiss.) Sirjaev
1381:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1334:
1305:
1295:
1252:Medicago falcata
1235:
1225:
1215:
1193:
1183:
1180:Medicago pironae
1167:M. p. macrocarpa
1161:
1151:
1142:(Pourr.) Trautv.
1141:
1138:Medicago hybrida
1131:
1121:
1111:Section Medicago
1104:
1094:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1044:Medicago biflora
1030:
1027:Medicago radiata
1013:
996:
986:Section Geocarpa
979:
969:
966:Medicago citrina
959:
956:Medicago arborea
942:
925:
908:
898:
881:
871:
861:
858:Medicago phrygia
851:
848:Medicago persica
841:
831:
821:
812:(Retz.) E. Small
811:
801:
791:
781:
771:
761:
751:
741:
724:
690:C. fuscociliella
478:medicagenic acid
444:
436:
401:flowering plants
374:
373:Vassilcz. (1979)
366:
358:
350:
349:Vassilcz. (1972)
342:
334:
326:
318:
310:
302:
301:Vassilcz. (1979)
294:
286:
278:
277:Vassilcz. (1979)
270:
217:
88:
87:
64:
46:
32:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3620:Fabaceae genera
3600:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3585:
3580:
3572:
3567:
3559:
3554:
3546:
3544:
3536:
3534:
3526:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3472:
3464:
3459:
3451:
3446:
3438:
3433:
3425:
3420:
3412:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3386:
3381:
3373:
3368:
3360:
3358:
3350:
3345:
3337:
3332:
3324:
3319:
3311:
3306:
3298:
3293:
3285:
3280:
3272:
3267:
3259:
3257:
3249:
3244:
3236:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3191:
3181:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3099:Plant Syst Evol
3087:
3086:
3079:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3020:10.1139/b98-047
2995:
2994:
2987:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2923:10.1139/b91-333
2902:
2901:
2897:
2888:
2886:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2851:www.efloras.org
2845:
2844:
2840:
2831:
2829:
2822:"Discover Life"
2820:
2819:
2815:
2806:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2791:
2782:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2712:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2687:
2685:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2553:
2552:
2545:
2503:
2502:
2493:
2486:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2456:
2446:
2444:
2443:on 31 July 2010
2435:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2394:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2345:10.1139/b89-405
2339:(11): 3260–94.
2324:
2323:
2312:
2305:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2271:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2203:
2202:
2198:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2037:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2011:
2007:
1994:
1990:
1985:
1961:
1898:Medicago meyeri
1811:
1666:
1614:Medicago minima
1549:
1502:
1497:
1465:Medicago rotata
1455:Medicago rugosa
1445:Medicago noeana
1430:
1378:Medicago ovalis
1343:
1326:
1311:M. s. leiocarpa
1279:M. s. glomerata
1232:Medicago sativa
1199:M. p. prostrata
1172:M. p. papillosa
1148:Medicago marina
1113:
1086:
1064:Medicago huberi
1039:
1037:Section Lunatae
1022:
1005:
988:
951:
934:
917:
890:
878:Medicago rigida
758:Medicago carica
733:
716:
711:
709:Section Buceras
702:
633:
595:
568:
563:
526:
372:
364:
356:
348:
340:
332:
324:
316:
308:
300:
292:
284:
276:
268:
239:
236:Medicago sativa
216:
82:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3638:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3602:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3578:
3574:wfo-4000023435
3565:
3552:
3542:
3532:
3519:
3506:
3493:
3480:
3470:
3457:
3444:
3431:
3418:
3405:
3392:
3379:
3366:
3356:
3343:
3330:
3317:
3304:
3291:
3278:
3265:
3255:
3242:
3232:
3217:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3180:
3179:
3133:
3077:
3050:(3): 552–559.
3025:
3014:(5): 791–803.
2985:
2928:
2905:Medicago murex
2895:
2870:
2856:
2838:
2813:
2789:
2764:
2744:
2719:
2694:
2669:
2651:
2629:
2616:"Black Medic (
2607:
2578:(6): 1547–58.
2543:
2522:(6): 466–482.
2491:
2484:
2454:
2428:
2402:
2376:
2350:
2310:
2303:
2281:
2251:
2196:
2180:
2155:
2136:(3): 356–380.
2113:
2051:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2005:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
1895:
1887:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1795:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1747:
1737:
1727:
1721:Medicago murex
1717:
1715:Rohde ex Lois.
1707:
1697:
1695:(Miller) Fiori
1687:
1677:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1640:
1630:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1298:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1265:
1247:M. s. falcata
1244:
1242:M. s. caerulea
1228:
1218:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1186:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1154:
1144:
1134:
1124:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1097:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
987:
984:
983:
982:
972:
962:
950:
947:
946:
945:
933:
930:
929:
928:
916:
913:
912:
911:
901:
889:
886:
885:
884:
874:
864:
854:
844:
834:
824:
814:
804:
794:
784:
782:(Ser.) Trautv.
774:
764:
754:
744:
732:
729:
728:
727:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
701:
698:
660:lime-speck pug
656:latticed heath
632:
629:
594:
591:
567:
564:
562:
559:
531:diverged from
525:
522:
378:
377:
376:
375:
367:
359:
351:
343:
341:Kostel. (1844)
335:
327:
319:
311:
303:
295:
287:
279:
271:
260:
259:
253:
252:
246:
245:
241:
240:
231:
230:
224:
223:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
139:
138:
133:
126:
125:
120:
113:
112:
107:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
76:
75:
66:
65:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3637:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3539:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3353:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3175:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3158:(3): 424–38.
3157:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2949:Proc Biol Sci
2946:
2944:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2899:
2896:
2885:on 2019-03-26
2884:
2880:
2874:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2857:
2852:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2828:on 2011-06-12
2827:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2779:on 2008-12-25
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2734:on 1999-05-01
2733:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2684:on 1999-10-07
2683:
2679:
2673:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2572:J. Evol. Biol
2569:
2567:
2563:
2562:Sinorhizobium
2559:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2390:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2285:
2282:
2269:
2265:
2263:
2255:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2222:(4): 773–82.
2221:
2217:
2216:
2211:
2209:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2170:on 2009-05-05
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2109:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1422:(L.) Ledebour
1420:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1308:
1306:Ramond ex DC.
1304:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1002:
995:
994:
990:
989:
985:
978:
977:
973:
968:
967:
963:
958:
957:
953:
952:
948:
941:
940:
936:
935:
931:
924:
923:
919:
918:
914:
907:
906:
902:
897:
896:
892:
891:
887:
880:
879:
875:
870:
869:
865:
860:
859:
855:
850:
849:
845:
840:
839:
835:
830:
829:
825:
820:
819:
815:
810:
809:
805:
800:
799:
795:
790:
789:
785:
780:
779:
775:
770:
769:
765:
760:
759:
755:
750:
749:
745:
740:
739:
735:
734:
730:
723:
722:
718:
717:
713:
708:
705:
699:
697:
695:
691:
687:
684:(recorded on
683:
682:C. frischella
679:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
630:
628:
626:
625:
620:
619:
614:
613:
608:
607:
602:
601:
592:
590:
588:
583:
579:
578:
577:Sinorhizobium
573:
565:
560:
558:
556:
552:
551:
546:
545:
540:
536:
535:
530:
523:
521:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
503:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
440:
435:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:
384:
371:
368:
365:Medik. (1787)
363:
360:
355:
352:
347:
344:
339:
336:
333:Medik. (1787)
331:
328:
323:
320:
315:
312:
307:
304:
299:
296:
291:
288:
283:
280:
275:
272:
269:Medik. (1787)
267:
264:
263:
261:
258:
254:
251:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
229:
225:
220:
215:
214:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
110:Tracheophytes
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
86:
81:
77:
73:
72:
67:
63:
58:
55:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
26:
22:
21:Medicago Inc.
3615:Plant models
3196:
3155:
3149:
3103:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3047:
3041:
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2830:. Retrieved
2826:the original
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2792:
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2777:the original
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2756:. Retrieved
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2711:. Retrieved
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2172:. Retrieved
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2077:
2076:and nuclear
2073:
2069:
2065:
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2039:
2013:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1977:monophyletic
1973:polyphyletic
1968:
1962:
1953:
1945:
1937:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1905:
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1505:
1483:
1473:
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1433:
1416:
1406:
1396:
1392:(L.) Trautv.
1386:
1376:
1366:
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1346:
1329:
1315:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1284:M. s. sativa
1283:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
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1241:
1230:
1220:
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954:
937:
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920:
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872:(L.) Trautv.
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856:
846:
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826:
816:
806:
796:
786:
776:
766:
756:
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719:
703:
693:
689:
685:
681:
680:, including
675:
648:common swift
635:
634:
622:
616:
610:
604:
598:
596:
586:
581:
575:
571:
569:
548:
542:
532:
528:
527:
515:
500:
499:The species
498:
496:= 14 to 48.
493:
492:range from 2
489:
461:
443:μηδική (πόα)
428:
408:
404:
391:
390:
389:
369:
361:
353:
345:
337:
329:
325:Mill. (1754)
321:
313:
305:
297:
290:Factorovskya
289:
281:
273:
265:
249:
234:
228:Type species
212:
211:
185:
142:
129:
116:
103:
69:
51:
35:
29:
3396:iNaturalist
3221:Wikispecies
2510:(Fabaceae)"
2447:21 November
2421:21 November
2395:21 November
2369:21 November
2274:21 November
1588:(L.) Miller
1531:(L.) Miller
1479:(L.) Miller
644:Lepidoptera
507:outcrossing
488:numbers in
458:tree medick
452:, but with
357:Opiz (1852)
354:Spirocarpus
338:Nephromedia
285:Viv. (1824)
175:Subfamily:
123:Angiosperms
3604:Categories
3090:Trigonella
3000:intron in
2907:complex".
2889:2011-06-27
2832:2010-05-11
2807:2009-09-16
2798:"Medicago"
2783:2008-11-22
2758:2008-11-22
2738:2008-11-18
2713:2008-11-18
2688:2008-11-18
2648:. NSW DPI.
2646:primefacts
2174:2009-11-04
2128:species".
2080:sequences"
2024:References
1618:(L.) Bart.
1568:(L.) Bart.
1558:(L.) Huds.
1335:(L.) Bart.
1238:(alfalfa)
677:Coleophora
624:burr medic
550:Trigonella
486:Chromosome
470:medicarpin
462:M. arborea
370:Turukhania
293:Eig (1927)
282:Diploprion
202:Trifolieae
3321:FloraBase
3151:Syst Biol
3007:Can J Bot
2910:Can J Bot
2515:Syst Biol
2332:Can J Bot
1948:Vassilcz.
1933:Vassilcz.
1893:Vassilcz.
1869:Vassilcz.
1861:Vassilcz.
1837:Vassilcz.
1829:Vassilcz.
1821:Vassilcz.
1803:(L.) All.
1735:(L.) All.
1268:M. s. f.
686:M. sativa
589:species.
524:Evolution
474:flavonoid
429:M. sativa
411:, in the
409:burclover
362:Trifillum
306:Lupularia
266:Cochleata
179:Faboideae
93:Kingdom:
3610:Medicago
3556:VicFlora
3545:VASCAN:
3528:40015430
3523:Tropicos
3362:medicago
3287:Medicago
3282:eFloraSA
3258:BioLib:
3227:Medicago
3206:Wikidata
3197:Medicago
3174:23417680
3128:42887106
3094:Medicago
3038:Medicago
3002:Medicago
2943:Medicago
2602:24813001
2594:16313467
2566:Medicago
2558:Medicago
2538:18570039
2508:Medicago
2327:Medicago
2293:Medicago
2246:22186276
2208:Medicago
2150:24481477
2126:Medicago
2108:21616866
2085:Am J Bot
2066:Medicago
2040:Medicago
1969:Medicago
1877:Sinskaya
1853:Sinskaya
1783:E. Small
1753:Uljanova
1745:E. Small
1705:E. Small
1685:Carmign.
1362:M. Bieb.
1259:M. s. f.
1122:M. Bieb.
1068:E. Small
1058:M. Bieb.
997:E. Small
694:Medicago
642:of some
636:Medicago
587:Medicago
582:Medicago
541:), from
529:Medicago
490:Medicago
417:Fabaceae
415:family (
392:Medicago
346:Rhodusia
330:Medicula
314:Lupulina
298:Kamiella
257:Synonyms
244:Species
213:Medicago
169:Fabaceae
165:Family:
136:Eudicots
36:Medicago
3489:1086823
3427:1107129
3414:22899-1
3375:2965200
3212:Q159549
3108:Bibcode
3072:9668004
3052:Bibcode
2980:9684377
2971:1689169
2359:"SARDI"
2237:3286279
2215:Ann Bot
1963:Recent
1957:Grossh.
1925:Latsch.
1917:Sumnev.
1909:Grossh.
1793:Gaertn.
1773:Bertol.
1372:Sirjaev
1352:Sirjaev
1296:M. Bieb
1272:viscosa
1263:falcata
1226:M. Bieb
1014:Greuter
700:Species
696:spp.).
555:Miocene
534:Glycine
511:selfing
464:) is a
437:, from
425:alfalfa
274:Crimaea
208:Genus:
198:Tribe:
159:Fabales
155:Order:
97:Plantae
3587:425892
3538:701295
3535:uBio:
3497:PLANTS
3473:NZOR:
3440:183622
3359:FoIO:
3352:119947
3339:119947
3238:192480
3235:APDB:
3172:
3126:
3070:
2978:
2968:
2600:
2592:
2536:
2482:
2437:"INRA"
2301:
2291:Genus
2244:
2234:
2192:medick
2148:
2106:
2078:GA3ox1
1901:Gruner
1725:Willd.
1675:Durieu
1521:Willd.
1469:Boiss.
1449:Boiss.
1439:Boiss.
1216:Velen.
1162:Boiss.
1105:Durieu
688:) and
672:turnip
670:, and
664:nutmeg
640:larvae
572:et al.
539:Eocene
476:) and
450:clover
446:Median
434:medica
413:legume
405:medick
322:Medica
221:(1753)
149:Rosids
3582:WoRMS
3502:MEDIC
3422:IRMNG
3401:53152
3326:21591
3313:1MEDG
3300:27787
3274:9CLB5
3261:40022
3251:59052
3124:S2CID
3096:L.".
2998:rpoC1
2642:(PDF)
2598:S2CID
2470:(PDF)
1983:Notes
1648:Nègre
1459:Desr.
1270:var.
1261:var.
1194:Jacq.
1132:Rupr.
943:Wulf.
652:flame
570:Béna
544:Lotus
518:Syria
466:shrub
439:Greek
397:genus
395:is a
186:Clade
143:Clade
130:Clade
117:Clade
104:Clade
3548:1402
3510:POWO
3466:3877
3461:NCBI
3435:ITIS
3409:IPNI
3388:7365
3383:GRIN
3370:GBIF
3308:EPPO
3246:APNI
3170:PMID
3068:PMID
2976:PMID
2590:PMID
2534:PMID
2480:ISBN
2449:2008
2423:2008
2397:2008
2371:2008
2299:ISBN
2276:2008
2242:PMID
2146:PMID
2104:PMID
2074:matK
2070:trnK
1763:Duby
1658:Ser.
1608:Heyn
1541:Tin.
1489:Post
1184:Vis.
615:and
603:and
509:and
454:burs
74:bur
3569:WFO
3448:NBN
3347:FoC
3334:FNA
3295:EoL
3269:CoL
3160:doi
3116:doi
3104:229
3060:doi
3016:doi
2966:PMC
2958:doi
2954:265
2945:L."
2919:doi
2580:doi
2524:doi
2341:doi
2232:PMC
2224:doi
2220:109
2138:doi
2094:doi
1967:of
1638:DC.
1578:DC.
557:).
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