1009:
831:
673:
881:
1025:
1067:
698:
899:
946:
1079:
753:
1049:
57:
1037:
78:
655:
979:
714:
922:
934:
792:
769:
737:
958:
815:
863:
847:
1452:
85:
440:) was built around 1200 in the center of the courtyard. It was a circular structure with a diameter of 15.6 m and 30 m tall, with walls 4.25 m thick at the base. It was surrounded by a ditch, 9 m wide and 6 m deep. This ditch was dry (not a water-filled moat) and paved with large irregular stones. It was crossed by a
423:. The fortress was nearly squared in plan (78 m by 72 m), surrounded by a 10 m wide moat filled with water from the nearby Seine river. It was reinforced by ten defensive towers, on the corners and at the middle of each side, with twin towers defending narrow gates on the southern and eastern sides, protected by
1008:
544:
on 24, 26 and 27 July 1526, during which he demonstrated his authority and decided to take back his kingdom and make the Louvre castle his main residence in Paris. As a symbol of his authority, he ordered the demolition of the dungeon in 1528 in order to build an
Italian style palace. In 1546, he
448:. It also had a well and a large tank for supporting long sieges, as well as a chapel inside. The choice of a round rather than squared or rectangular keep was for military reasons, because attackers could more easily sap the wall at the angles of squared towers compared to circular towers.
945:
672:
830:
986:
During the 19th century, it was found that the dungeon, along with two of the four walls were not completely demolished, but instead the stones from the walls were taken down to fill ditches in preparation for construction of the Louvre Palace.
559:
continued the work by Pierre Lescot. Between
December 1546 and March 1549, he had the west wall destroyed to build a ballroom and the south wall to erect the royal pavilion (1553–1556), which housed the royal apartments and the small gallery.
697:
621:
in French), also had a military function by establishing a covered walkway between the Louvre and the
Tuileries outside the city walls. Henry IV created this walkway in case he needed to flee on horseback during a riot.
1935:
880:
994:, the bases of the keep and the two walls were cleared. A major excavation campaign resulted in the discovery of hundreds of everyday life objects. They are now accessible to the public in a collection named
898:
1950:
1036:
510:
who controlled Paris, entered the city. In
December 1420, the English occupied the Louvre Castle without a fight. There, they found a Paris ruined by civil war and scarcity and stayed there until 1436.
1024:
736:
1066:
814:
613:
on the base of the existing Lescot wing. The surface was four times the size of the original medieval court. Some buildings between the two palaces were also destroyed. This project, named
654:
921:
752:
1955:
1078:
837:
791:
768:
640:
Louis XIII demolished the northern part of the medieval enclosure in order to extend the Lescot wing in this direction, providing symmetry. The eastern part was demolished by
380:) in the mid-18th century if not later. Therefore, the distinction between a Louvre "castle" in the Middle Ages and "palace" in the modern era is no more than a recent usage.
1940:
427:. Two additional buildings housing the garrisons and the arsenals were located outside of the surrounding wall, to the west and south of the central courtyard, respectively.
982:
One of the walls of the castle preserved in the
Medieval Louvre. This is the wall facing the city with the support pillar of the drawbridge, the main entrance to the Louvre.
466:. The Louvre became a residence intermittently during the troubled times of the 14th century. By the mid-14th century, Paris had grown well beyond the walls of Philip II.
1930:
933:
1048:
862:
1945:
713:
311:
he had built around Paris. Over time it was expanded but was generally demolished above ground in stages between 1528 and 1660 to make way for expanding the
1960:
77:
1102:
Called "Medieval Louvre" by Hanser 2006, pp. 14–15; Erlande-Brandenburg 1996. "Louvre médiéval" by Pérouse de
Montclos 1994, p. 284; Christ 1949, p. 9.
1309:
1920:
957:
1915:
1725:
582:, the Louvre became a space for royalty, a place of entertainment and the theater of historical events such as the marriage of the future King
1289:
662:
63:
1970:
1609:
478:. Soon after becoming king, Charles initiated a major transformation of the Louvre into a prestigious royal residence. His architect
1869:
1389:
1374:
1359:
489:
added upper floors, windows, turrets, sculpted decoration, and gardens. Charles V repurposed the northwest tower, formerly known as
846:
591:
245:
1485:
685:
108:
567:
continued the development of the south wing for her apartments. From 1564 onwards, she prioritised the construction of the new
951:
Model of the Louvre after
Charles V's transformation, placed in 1989 in the underground spaces displaying the castle's remains
56:
460:
had new rooms built in 1230–1240 without any real defensive purpose, including a ceremonial room that was later known as the
221:
1203:
1925:
680:
233:
229:
597:
During his reign, Henry IV destroyed the remaining elements on the south side, including the moat, in order to build the
1975:
1564:
201:
607:
in French) connecting the Louvre and the
Tuileries. This was completed in 1610. He also began the construction of the
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910:
803:
780:
1745:
1710:
978:
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775:
1864:
1345:
416:
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1965:
1760:
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1700:
444:, whose interior arch was built in stone to limit the risk of fire. The keep had a conical roof slate over the
207:
1584:
853:
743:
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1980:
1634:
564:
1431:
1178:
1910:
1825:
1685:
1660:
1705:
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1650:
499:
479:
239:
315:, while some parts of the castle's foundations were incorporated in construction of the later palace.
1885:
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1629:
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and held prisoner. During his captivity, the court interfered with the King's decisions using its
1804:
1599:
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1849:
1784:
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338:), as its modern successor still is. It was also qualified in medieval times as a fortress (
214:
484:
1720:
1690:
1559:
1471:
630:
524:
495:(Falconry), into the first French Royal Library containing over nine hundred manuscripts.
373:
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143:
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Remains of the Louvre's basement level, restored and opened to the public in the 1980s
1904:
1740:
1655:
1614:
1549:
1534:
1457:
1015:
759:
549:
to build a modern palace in the spirit of the
Renaissance architecture, with a large
546:
445:
400:
369:
312:
47:
39:
407:
wanted to protect his capital Paris against invasions, especially from
English-held
1835:
1830:
1750:
1680:
1619:
1418:
1310:"Dictionnaire raisonné de l'architecture française du XIe au XVIe siècle/Escalier"
1002:) and the objects found during the excavations (small games, jugs, flasks, ...).
1554:
1515:
1207:
1156:
420:
300:
1440:
https://www.templedeparis.fr/2013/09/13/la-grosse-tour-premier-donjon-de-paris/
1410:
820:
The castle from the south and Seine river around the year 1200, as imagined by
17:
1447:
1424:
http://www.templedeparis.fr/2013/09/13/la-grosse-tour-premier-donjon-de-paris/
626:
441:
424:
456:
The Louvre evolved gradually away from its initial purely military function.
123:
110:
1770:
641:
1463:
1397:
1339:
927:
Another view of the Louvre in 1380 as reconstructed by Hoffbauer (ca.1880)
1432:
http://www.richesheures.net/epoque-6-15/chateau/75louvre-description.htm
1332:
Le Louvre et les Tuileries: Histoire architecturale d'un double palais
1204:"Paris Ă l'Ă©poque de Philippe Auguste, Le Louvre de Philippe Auguste"
470:
had started building a new city wall further to the west, which King
415:. He ordered the construction of a new city wall, known since as the
330:
The medieval complex was generally referred to simply as the Louvre (
324:
288:
977:
555:
and ceremonial rooms. After the death of Francis in 1547, his son
304:
411:
less than 100 km away, with memories still lingering of the
431:
1467:
625:
In order to establish his power, on 24 April 1617 the young
1936:
Buildings and structures in the 1st arrondissement of Paris
939:
The Louvre in 1622 as reconstructed by Hoffbauer (ca.1880)
637:, at the entrance gate connecting the castle to the city.
534:
in French). In addition, the faculty of theology and the
1951:
Buildings and structures demolished in the 17th century
1354:, 34 volumes, edited by Jane Turner. New York: Grove.
474:(1364-1380) brought to completion, later known as the
61:
The castle in the 15th century as illustrated in the
1179:"Chateau du Louvre, XIIe, XIVe siecle – Description"
1878:
1857:
1848:
1818:
1792:
1783:
1643:
1542:
1533:
1508:
1499:
538:started to show some independence. The King held a
194:
186:
175:
167:
162:
154:
149:
139:
102:
32:
998:which features the lower room (today known as the
746:(1856; oriented south on top and north at bottom)
1419:http://philippe-auguste.com/en/ville/louvre.html
1380:PĂ©rouse de Montclos, Jean-Marie, editor (1994).
1348:(1996). "Palais du Louvre", vol. 24, p. 161, in
703:The Louvre seen from the south, pictured in the
1072:Pottery unearthed during the 1980s excavations
868:Viollet-le-Duc's reconstructed section of the
1479:
836:Reconstruction of the medieval Louvre by the
8:
1956:Demolished buildings and structures in Paris
1411:http://www.francebalade.com/paris/louvre.htm
1055:
964:
887:
869:
490:
461:
435:
363:
323:For the etymology of the name "Louvre", see
1303:
1301:
1014:First excavation of the medieval Louvre by
1941:Buildings and structures completed in 1202
1854:
1789:
1539:
1505:
1486:
1472:
1464:
1369:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
1151:
1149:
1147:
29:
1230:"La Grosse Tour, premier donjon de Paris"
1134:"Une histoire du Louvre au XVIIIe siècle"
1030:The 1980s excavation of the Louvre's keep
1931:17th-century disestablishments in France
1112:
1110:
1108:
1198:
1196:
1095:
1004:
886:Viollet-le-Duc's reconstruction of the
732:
650:
563:After the death of Henry II, his widow
742:Map of the Louvre under Charles V, by
1121:, vol. I, Paris: Louvre / Fayard
1117:Geneviève Bresc-Bautier, ed. (2016),
644:to allow for the construction of the
242:(England occupies Paris in 1420–1436)
84:
7:
1946:Houses completed in the 13th century
1284:. France: For Dummies. p. 444.
681:Altarpiece of the Parlement de Paris
419:, which was started in 1190 on the
372:was still referred to as a castle (
663:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
64:Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
27:Demolished castle in Paris, France
25:
1870:Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume
571:and the establishment of a large
1726:Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine
1450:
1077:
1065:
1047:
1035:
1023:
1007:
956:
944:
932:
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897:
879:
861:
845:
829:
813:
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767:
751:
735:
712:
696:
671:
653:
502:, English soldiers commanded by
83:
76:
55:
1961:Ruined castles in ĂŽle-de-France
1610:Napoleon III's Louvre expansion
1157:"Le Louvre de Philippe Auguste"
1132:Pascal Bernard (1 April 2014).
990:During the construction of the
758:Map of the medieval Louvre, by
705:Pietà of Saint-Germain-des-Prés
1921:1200s establishments in France
1746:Edmond Jean Baptiste Guillaume
1736:Louis-Tullius-Joachim Visconti
1711:Auguste Cheval de Saint-Hubert
1671:Jacques Androuet II Du Cerceau
1308:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1854).
1084:Dominoes, dice and other games
906:Theodor Josef Hubert Hoffbauer
799:Theodor Josef Hubert Hoffbauer
797:Map of the Louvre in 1595, by
776:Theodor Josef Hubert Hoffbauer
774:Map of the Louvre in 1380, by
592:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
246:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1:
1916:1202 establishments in Europe
963:Recent computer model of the
633:, the favorite of his mother
399:Before his departure for the
1565:Petite Galerie of the Louvre
1382:Le Guide du patrimoine Paris
413:Viking siege of Paris in 845
202:Ferdinand, Count of Flanders
678:The Louvre pictured in the
660:The Louvre pictured in the
275:), also referred to as the
1997:
1971:Royal residences in France
1346:Erlande-Brandenburg, Alain
417:Wall of Philip II Augustus
390:Wall of Philip II Augustus
387:
322:
1731:FĂ©lix Louis Jacques Duban
1365:Hanser, David A. (2006).
1334:. Paris: Éditions "Tel".
729:Plans and reconstructions
515:Demolition and rebuilding
208:Estates General of France
71:
54:
45:
37:
1701:Jacques-Germain Soufflot
1494:The Louvre and Tuileries
1236:(in French). 8 July 2016
506:, who was allied to the
352:demeure royale du Louvre
222:Charles IV of Luxembourg
1756:Victor-Auguste Blavette
1635:Louvre Inverted Pyramid
1414:(in English and French)
1282:Le Louvre pour les nuls
1280:Soulié, Daniel (2010).
974:Excavations and remains
434:named the "big tower" (
230:Sigismund of Luxembourg
1367:Architecture of France
1056:
983:
965:
888:
870:
545:charged the architect
532:(right of remonstrance
492:Tour de la Fauconnerie
491:
462:
436:
377:
364:
359:
351:
343:
335:
292:
284:
272:
124:48.860247°N 2.338002°E
1810:Théâtre des Tuileries
1585:Pavillon de l'Horloge
1351:The Dictionary of Art
1330:Christ, Yvan (1949).
981:
854:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
744:Eugène Viollet-le-Duc
437:Grosse Tour du Louvre
234:Charles V of Habsburg
226:Manuel II Palaiologos
1865:Musée de l'Orangerie
1850:Jardin des Tuileries
1785:Palais des Tuileries
1741:Hector-Martin Lefuel
1696:Ange-Jacques Gabriel
1521:The Louvre Abu Dhabi
1260:Patrimoine de France
1234:Maison des Templiers
1060:photographed in 2014
822:Louis-Pierre Baltard
565:Catherine de' Medici
529:droit de remontrance
344:forteresse du Louvre
1976:Philip II of France
1826:Philibert de l'Orme
1716:Jean-Arnaud Raymond
1661:Pierre II Chambiges
1630:Carrousel du Louvre
1384:. Paris: Hachette.
721:Merian map of Paris
707:, late 15th century
590:, which led to the
580:Henry III of France
521:Francis I of France
368:). Conversely, the
307:, to reinforce the
297:Philip II of France
220:Visits of Emperors
213:Birth and death of
181:Philip II of France
129:48.860247; 2.338002
120: /
1858:Sections in detail
1805:Pavillon de Marsan
1793:Sections in detail
1706:Maximilien Brebion
1600:Pavillon de Marsan
1543:Sections in detail
1210:on 19 January 2016
1119:Histoire du Louvre
984:
904:Reconstruction by
852:Reconstruction by
691:, mid-15th century
588:Margaret of Valois
584:Henry IV of France
573:Renaissance garden
557:Henry II of France
536:Parlement of Paris
504:Henry V of England
500:Hundred Years' War
472:Charles V the Wise
240:Hundred Years' War
179:French kings from
1926:Châteaux in Paris
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1844:
1843:
1800:Pavillon de Flore
1779:
1778:
1676:Jacques Lemercier
1651:Raymond du Temple
1590:Galerie d'Apollon
1575:Pavillon de Flore
1529:
1528:
1291:978-2-7540-1404-5
1057:Salle Saint-Louis
1000:Salle Saint-Louis
552:hĂ´tel particulier
525:defeated at Pavia
480:Raymond du Temple
476:Wall of Charles V
463:Salle Saint-Louis
378:château du Louvre
273:Château du Louvre
261:
260:
16:(Redirected from
1988:
1966:Palaces in Paris
1855:
1790:
1686:François d'Orbay
1605:Louvre Colonnade
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1535:Palais du Louvre
1506:
1488:
1481:
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1206:. Archived from
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739:
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689:
675:
657:
646:Louvre Colonnade
635:Marie de' Medici
619:the Grand Design
615:le Grand Dessein
569:Tuileries Palace
494:
488:
465:
439:
367:
365:manoir du Louvre
360:hostel du Louvre
215:John I of France
200:Imprisonment of
150:Site information
135:
134:
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1900:
1899:
1890:
1874:
1840:
1814:
1775:
1761:Camille Lefèvre
1721:Charles Percier
1691:Claude Perrault
1639:
1560:Pavillon du Roi
1525:
1516:The Louvre-Lens
1501:Musée du Louvre
1495:
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996:Medieval Louvre
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838:Comte de Clarac
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631:Concino Concini
517:
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452:Royal residence
397:
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386:
354:), or mansion (
346:, royal abode (
328:
321:
285:Louvre médiéval
277:Medieval Louvre
253:Concino Concini
144:Medieval castle
128:
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88:
67:
46:
28:
23:
22:
18:Medieval Louvre
15:
12:
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5:
1994:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1981:Medieval Paris
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1886:André Le Nôtre
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1666:Louis MĂ©tezeau
1663:
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1647:
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1625:Louvre Pyramid
1622:
1617:
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1570:Grande Galerie
1567:
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1509:Branch museums
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1831:Jean Bullant
1751:Gaston Redon
1681:Louis Le Vau
1620:Grand Louvre
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163:Site history
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1595:Salon Carré
1580:Cour Carrée
1555:Lescot Wing
1443:(in French)
1435:(in French)
1427:(in French)
1181:(in French)
1159:(in French)
909: [
824:around 1800
802: [
779: [
684: [
610:Cour Carrée
508:Burgundians
498:During the
483: [
425:drawbridges
295:) begun by
204:(1214-1226)
127: /
103:Coordinates
1905:Categories
1879:Architects
1819:Architects
1644:Architects
1398:1075437769
1314:Wikisource
966:Grande Vis
889:Grande Vis
871:Grande Vis
627:Louis XIII
442:drawbridge
421:right bank
388:See also:
301:right bank
251:Murder of
187:Demolished
112:48°51′37″N
1771:I. M. Pei
1340:905451047
915:(ca.1880)
808:(ca.1880)
785:(ca.1880)
642:Louis XIV
629:murdered
594:in 1572.
519:In 1525,
405:Philip II
336:le Louvre
309:city wall
291:(French:
287:), was a
190:1528–1660
171:From 1190
158:destroyed
155:Condition
115:2°20′17″E
1265:12 March
1256:"Donjon"
1240:12 March
1214:12 March
1185:12 March
1163:12 March
458:Louis IX
409:Normandy
395:Fortress
38:Part of
1018:in 1866
666:, 1410s
384:History
303:of the
299:on the
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723:, 1615
578:Under
374:French
356:French
348:French
340:French
332:French
325:Louvre
289:castle
281:French
269:French
255:(1617)
248:(1572)
236:(1540)
217:(1316)
210:(1303)
195:Events
1090:Notes
913:]
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783:]
688:]
586:with
487:]
305:Seine
168:Built
1394:OCLC
1386:ISBN
1371:ISBN
1356:ISBN
1336:OCLC
1286:ISBN
1267:2019
1242:2019
1216:2019
1187:2019
1165:2019
1054:The
523:was
432:keep
319:Name
263:The
140:Type
362:or
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911:fr
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430:A
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