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painting. On top of the preparation layers, an additional layer was applied to make the background appear more reflective. On top of this reflective layer, another layer was applied (the green background that is shown on the painting)—this layer consists of a mixture of verdigris and lead-tin yellow paint. On top of this background layer, three more layers consisting of mixtures of siccative oils, turpentine and mastic with traces of beeswax were applied to form the painting. At last, a few more layers were added to help conserve the painting.
37:
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323:. A well-known anecdote of the time stated that Leonardo's father had once asked him to decorate the surface of a shield. In response, Leonardo had painted a "hybrid monster," combining the attributes of animals such as snakes, insects and lizards. Medusa, with her snakes for hair, could also be considered a "hybrid monster."
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Caravaggio replaced Medusa's face with his own, allowing him to position himself as being immune to her fatal gaze. Though the head is decapitated, it still appears conscious, with the painting capturing its final moments before death. The face's eyes are widened, and its brows are creased; its mouth
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At the time, there was an unsolved case in which two items were reported as being missing—a dark cloak and a small dagger. As a result of his mysterious behavior and affiliation with cloaks, Caravaggio was arrested several times. He told authorities that he liked dressing in dark attire to avoid
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The chemical composition of this painting is extremely complex. Caravaggio used a circular shield made from poplar wood as a base for this painting. The shield was covered by linen, on which four different layers of paint—known as preparation layers—were added to help create the basis for the
161:"This painter is a stocky young man…with a thin black beard, thick eyebrows and black eyes, who goes dressed all in black, in a rather disorderly fashion, wearing black hose that is a little bit threadbare, and who has a thick head of hair, long over his forehead.
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Caravaggio's paintings were never in tune with the idealized themes that were prevalent during the time period. Instead, he became more intrigued with the idea of realism and incorporated it into his paintings such as
824:
Favaro, Monica; Vigato, Pietro A.; Andreotti, Alessia; Colombini, Maria Perla (1 December 2005). "La Medusa by
Caravaggio: characterisation of the painting technique and evaluation of the state of conservation".
513:
Favaro, Monica; Vigato, Pietro A.; Andreotti, Alessia; Colombini, Maria Perla (1 December 2005). "La Medusa by
Caravaggio: characterisation of the painting technique and evaluation of the state of conservation".
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drawing unnecessary attention to himself, which was also why he preferred to make late night trips. On May 4, 1598, he was arrested again for possessing a sword in public, and defended himself by saying:
262:(Italian: Testa di Medusa). It is slightly bigger than the first, measuring 60Ă—55 cm in length. Although the work is not signed or dated, it is often dated as 1597. It is held in the Uffizi Museum.
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are also self-portraits. Due to its bizarre and intricate design, the painting is said to display
Caravaggio's unique fascination with violence and realism. The
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and realism to create the illusion of a three-dimensional work. Medusa's cheeks and jawline are also elongated to complement the nature of the painting.
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after
Poseidon raped her in one of Athena's temples. Her hair was turned to snakes, and anybody who looked at her would be turned to stone.
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233:. This opportunity to paint the chapel gave him great advantage and a sense of motivation to incorporate more realism in his artworks.
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The painting depicts the severed head of Medusa, a figure from Greek myth. Medusa was once a human woman, but the goddess
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Caravaggio chose to mount the canvas on a convex wooden shield because it would draw comparisons to
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was characterized by several run-ins with the law. In July 1597, Caravaggio and his partner
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Caravaggio depicted the act of decapitation in several of his other paintings, including
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176:. I am in his service and live in his house. I am entered on his household payroll.”
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Puttfarken, Thomas (2007). "Caravaggio and the
Representation of Violence".
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Barolsky, Paul (April 2013). "The
Ambiguity of Caravaggio's 'Medusa'".
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Barolsky, Paul (April 2013). "The
Ambiguity of Caravaggio's 'Medusa'".
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60 cm Ă— 55 cm (24 in Ă— 22 in)
445:"Perseus: Greek Mythology." Encyclopædia Britannica, 14 February 2019.
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and have it placed in the Medici collection. It is now located in the
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255:), meaning "Michel Angelo made ." This work is privately owned.
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The first version of the painting, created in 1596, is known as
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Madonna of Loreto (Madonna dei
Pellegrini, Pilgrims' Madonna)
874:
631:
Posèq, Avigdor W. G. (1990). "Caravaggio and the
Antique".
484:
Posèq, Avigdor W. G. (1990). "Caravaggio and the
Antique".
286:, eventually decapitated Medusa using gifts from the gods.
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became involved as witnesses in a crime that occurred near
399:“Medusa: The Real Story of the Snake-Haired Gorgon.”
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Madonna and Child with Saint Anne (Dei Palafrenieri)
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The Conversion of Saint Paul on the Road to Damascus
172:“I carry the sword by right because I am Painter to
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711:"Medusa: The Real Story of the Snake-Haired Gorgon"
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394:, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 4 February 2019.
120:, who planned to gift the commemorative shield to
290:hangs open. Blood pours out of the severed neck.
450:Jones, Jonathan. "Medusa, Caravaggio (c 1598)."
258:The second version of the painting is known as
1544:Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence
735:Britannica, inc., Encyclopædia (14 Feb 2019).
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321:the much-celebrated work of Leonardo da Vinci
8:
1055:Portrait of a Courtesan (Fillide Melandroni)
1467:Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page
686:"The Shiny Shield With Caravaggio's Medusa"
373:"The Shiny Shield With Caravaggio's Medusa"
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116:was commissioned by the Italian diplomat
1552:Salome with the Head of John the Baptist
1451:Salome with the Head of John the Baptist
140:In the 1590s, Caravaggio was working in
1483:The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist
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1262:The Calling of Saints Peter and Andrew
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1665:Mythological paintings by Caravaggio
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390:Graham-Dixon, Andrew. “Caravaggio.”
346:The Beheading of St John the Baptist
550:Source: Notes in the History of Art
411:Source: Notes in the History of Art
1594:Paintings attributed to Caravaggio
999:Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy
762:"Why Did Caravaggio Paint Medusa?"
684:Stanska, Zuzanna (5 August 2018).
371:Stanska, Zuzanna (5 August 2018).
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667:Uffizi: Art, History, Collections
95:Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
1610:Caravaggio, il pittore maledetto
1475:Portrait of Fra Antonio Martelli
1222:The Inspiration of Saint Matthew
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1403:The Crucifixion of Saint Andrew
1230:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
789:Jones, Jonathan (24 Jan 2003).
669:(Giunti Editore, 2004), p. 530.
359:List of paintings by Caravaggio
1576:David with the Head of Goliath
1411:David with the Head of Goliath
1182:The Crucifixion of Saint Peter
1166:The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew
340:David with the Head of Goliath
224:The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew
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1660:Cultural depictions of Medusa
1568:The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula
1294:Christ on the Mount of Olives
1071:Saint Catherine of Alexandria
1039:Rest on the Flight into Egypt
791:"Medusa, Caravaggio (c 1598)"
65:Oil on canvas mounted on wood
1174:The Conversion of Saint Paul
1158:The Calling of Saint Matthew
1103:Portrait of Maffeo Barberini
839:10.1016/j.culher.2005.04.003
827:Journal of Cultural Heritage
604:"Caravaggio Italian Painter"
528:10.1016/j.culher.2005.04.003
516:Journal of Cultural Heritage
230:The Calling of Saint Matthew
1379:Saint Francis in Meditation
1366:(Madrid; c. 1605–1609)
1214:Saint Matthew and the Angel
1119:Judith Beheading Holofernes
334:Judith Beheading Holofernes
218:Saint Matthew and the Angel
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1536:Adoration of the Shepherds
1435:The Flagellation of Christ
1310:Saint Jerome in Meditation
1063:Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto
946:Boy with a Basket of Fruit
245:. It was named after poet
184:Boy with a Basket of Fruit
1095:Martha and Mary Magdalene
1082:(Princeton; c. 1598)
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737:"Perseus Greek Mythology"
562:10.1086/sou.32.3.23392422
423:10.1086/sou.32.3.23392422
118:Francesco Maria del Monte
104:is killed by the demigod
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1520:The Burial of Saint Lucy
1427:The Crowning with Thorns
1395:The Seven Works of Mercy
1371:Mary Magdalen in Ecstasy
1278:The Crowning with Thorns
1246:The Entombment of Christ
954:Boy Bitten by a Crayfish
274:cursed her to live as a
1670:Paintings in the Uffizi
1326:Portrait of Pope Paul V
1286:The Death of the Virgin
1254:Saint Francis in Prayer
741:Encyclopædia Britannica
608:Encyclopædia Britannica
392:Encyclopædia Britannica
282:, the demigod child of
122:Ferdinando I de' Medici
1528:The Raising of Lazarus
1454:(London; c. 1607)
1079:The Sacrifice of Isaac
1007:Boy Bitten by a Lizard
602:Graham-Dixon, Andrew.
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154:San Luigi de' Francesi
16:Painting by Caravaggio
1560:Denial of Saint Peter
1419:Madonna of the Rosary
1334:Still Life with Fruit
1305:(Genoa; c. 1605)
859:at Web Gallery of Art
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1459:Saint Jerome Writing
1443:Christ at the Column
1321:(Rome; c. 1605)
1318:Saint Jerome Writing
1238:The Taking of Christ
957:(c. 1593; lost)
871:at Wikimedia Commons
869:Medusa by Caravaggio
633:Artibus et Historiae
486:Artibus et Historiae
1633:Caravaggio's Shadow
1599:Utrecht Caravaggism
1265:(c. 1603–1606)
983:Del Monte paintings
312:Caravaggio employs
252:Michel Angelo Fecit
132:without signature.
1031:Penitent Magdalene
962:The Fortune Teller
938:Young Sick Bacchus
690:Daily Art Magazine
377:Daily Art Magazine
190:The Fortune Teller
174:Cardinal del Monte
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1504:Sicily and Naples
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1127:David and Goliath
930:Boy Peeling Fruit
915:List of paintings
867:Media related to
213:Contarelli Chapel
85:
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1512:The Annunciation
1462:(Valletta; 1607)
1387:Supper at Emmaus
1355:Naples and Malta
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1148:Most famous
462:Umeni / Art
294:Description
205:, and even
1649:Categories
1625:Caravaggio
1617:Caravaggio
906:Caravaggio
771:6 December
536:References
108:, but the
70:Dimensions
48:Caravaggio
1502:1608–1610
1363:Ecce Homo
1353:1606–1608
1302:Ecce Homo
1146:1600–1606
1135:Narcissus
981:1595–1599
922:1593–1594
578:191384440
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327:Influence
314:tenebrism
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800:18 March
746:19 March
720:19 March
695:19 March
613:21 April
570:23392422
477:28115340
431:23392422
382:19 March
353:See also
299:Material
237:Versions
130:Florence
78:Location
1587:Related
1023:Bacchus
653:1483388
506:1483388
365:Sources
280:Perseus
276:monster
243:Murtula
202:Bacchus
136:History
110:Medusas
106:Perseus
1571:(1610)
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1047:Medusa
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343:, and
272:Athena
260:Medusa
227:, and
146:Medusa
114:Medusa
102:Medusa
99:Gorgon
90:Medusa
44:Artist
22:Medusa
649:JSTOR
574:S2CID
566:JSTOR
502:JSTOR
470:EBSCO
435:S2CID
427:JSTOR
308:Style
802:2019
773:2022
748:2019
722:2019
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615:2019
472:host
384:2019
284:Zeus
142:Rome
62:Type
57:1597
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