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museum. Count Joseph von
Nimptsch I originally gave the work to the museum and his seal of ownership is on the back of the painting. It is unknown to where he originally obtained the painting from, but it is thought, due to indirect evidence and assumption, that it originally belonged to his second wife. Count Nimptsch donated the artwork a year after his wife died, which has been used as circumstantial evidence that she was the original owner. Brno curator Ernst Rincolini originally attributed this painting to Rubens' student
172:, with the animals painted by Frans Snyders. Rubens was not mentioned as being the original painter until 1899 and was officially attributed to the painting in the 1940s due to restorative work where it was confirmed that Rubens created Medusa alongside the help of Frans Snyders. The painting that resides in the Bruno museum today is thought to be a copy of the original that is housed in Vienna.
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wreath of hideous snakes. The combination is so shrewdly executed that the spectator would be shocked by the sudden confrontation....but at the same time is moved by the lifelikeness and beauty with which the grim subject is rendered." In private collections, the unveiling of the curtain to reveal the painting behind it is also attributed to the shocking effect it had on viewers.
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located in
Florence, Italy. Medusa has been portrayed in art for centuries since Ancient Greece, with works being portrayed in various forms such as paintings, sculptures, pottery, and metalwork. Portrayals of Medusa during this time portrayed her with snakes for hair and usually with a gaping mouth
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and stated in his autobiographical account, "There is the compelling painted head of Medusa, wreathed by snakes that spring from her hair. The countenance of the extremely beautiful woman has its grace still preserved, but at the same time evokes the horrors of the fitting beginning of death and the
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is shown. An amphisbaena is a snake-like creature that has two heads, one on each end of its body, and is noted in classical mythology. In Greek mythology, amphisbaenas are made from the blood of Medusa and feed on decaying bodies. Medusa is shown to have just been slain and is laying down in a pool
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was put in the Brno museum on
December 26, 1818 as Ein Oehlgemälde das Medusenhaupt vorstellend. This roughly translates into "An oil painting depicting the head of Medusa." Rubens was not attributed to this painting during this time as there was no artist attribution when it first entered the
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artists such as Rubens and
Caravaggio. The use of Medusa as a symbol has evolved over the course of centuries and has various interpretations of the iconographic meaning, with Rubens' painting based on an interpretation of the Greek mythological story of Medusa.
150:. Vipers are a medieval symbol of ungratefulness. In Greek mythology, Medusa is portrayed as having venomous snakes for hair. The vipers are shown mating with the female having the male's head in her mouth. Towards the middle of the painting, an
138:, was created c.1618 using oil on canvas and is 68.5 x 118cm. Rubens enlisted the help of Frans Snyders who worked with him multiple times. Snyders was a nature artist and worked with Rubens to paint animals in his pieces, such as the snakes in
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is lost and did not survive. Cardinal del Monte, who worked closely with the Grand Duke of
Tuscany, commissioned Caravaggio to create a painting that symbolized the courageousness of the Grand Duke conquering his opponents. Caravaggio created
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as well as Rubens portrayed her as such. She was thought to be a symbol of evil to ward off evil. Medusa is attributed to both evil and as a symbol of power, as portrayed in Rubens' interpretation.
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and sharp teeth as well as facing the viewer straight on. While the look of Medusa in art has changed over time, her position facing the viewer has stayed consistent.
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which was the second version that was made. The first version of the painting is in a private collection and the second version is currently in the
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portrayed Medusa. Unlike Rubens, both da Vinci and
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evoked strong reactions due to the intense imagery presented. Constantijin
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660:"Medusa in Ancient Greek Art | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History"
574:"Medusa in Ancient Greek Art | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History"
505:"Medusa in Ancient Greek Art | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History"
409:"Medusa in Ancient Greek Art | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History"
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monster, which is portrayed in Rubens' rendition. Medusa was raped in a sacred shrine dedicated to
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https://archive.today/20121212095815/http://www-class.unl.edu/ahis398b/classmats/vasari.html
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symbol that would protect from and banish evil. She has been compared to the modern
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68.5 cm × 118 cm (27.0 in × 46 in)
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The Virgin Mary and Saint
Francis Saving the World from Christ's Anger
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Ixion, King of the
Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce
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Harris JC. The Head of Medusa: Peter Paul Rubens and Frans
Snyders.
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Saints Dominic and Francis Saving the World from Christ's Anger
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Christ Appointing Saint Roch as Patron Saint of Plague Victims
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of blood with the snakes and reptiles surrounding her.
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The Head of Saint John the Baptist Presented to Salome
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The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents
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Portrait of George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham
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Erichthonius Discovered by the Daughters of Cecrops
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The Gonzaga Family in Adoration of the Holy Trinity
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1035:Saint Teresa of Ávila's Vision of the Holy Spirit
763:Self-Portrait in a Circle of Friends from Mantua
875:Portrait of Giovanni Carlo Doria on Horseback
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85:is a c.1618 painting by the Flemish painter
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1291:The Meeting Between Abraham and Melchizedek
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578:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
509:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
413:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
1667:The Triumphal Entry of Henry IV into Paris
1627:Portrait of Infante Isabella Clara Eugenia
867:Portrait of a Noblewoman with an Attendant
851:Portrait of Marchesa Brigida Spinola-Doria
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1595:Diana and Her Nymphs Leaving for the Hunt
1947:Hercules in the Garden of the Hesperides
1883:A View of Het Steen in the Early Morning
1419:Feast in the House of Simon the Pharisee
771:Equestrian Portrait of the Duke of Lerma
1747:Odysseus on the Island of the Phaecians
1315:The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man
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2017:The Peasants Returning From The Fields
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1379:Christ Triumphant over Sin and Death
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1179:The Hippopotamus and Crocodile Hunt
1803:Helena Fourment with Her Son Frans
1699:Minerva Protecting Peace from Mars
1467:Landscape with Philemon and Baucis
859:Portrait of Maria di Antonio Serra
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1091:The Crowning of the Virtuous Hero
2126:Nicolaas Rubens, Lord of Rameyen
1475:Portrait of a Young Man in Armor
396:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2735
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1985:Helena Fourment with a Carriage
1723:The Crowning of Saint Catherine
1299:Christ and the Penitent Sinners
1099:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
1659:Henry IV at the Battle of Ivry
1507:The Rape of Orithyia by Boreas
1259:Miracles of St. Francis Xavier
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89:, showing the severed head of
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2256:Cultural depictions of Medusa
1875:Helena Fourment with Children
1766:(Saint Petersburg; 1632–1635)
658:Glennon, Authors: Madeleine.
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503:Glennon, Authors: Madeleine.
407:Glennon, Authors: Madeleine.
237:Other famous artists such as
109:. Another version is held in
2009:The Rape of the Sabine Women
1587:The Conversion of Saint Bavo
1435:St Mary Magdalene in Ecstasy
1395:The Union of Earth and Water
1195:Theodosius and Saint Ambrose
630:"Medusa, 1597 by Caravaggio"
1755:The Finding of Erichthonius
1483:Saint George and the Dragon
433:"Definition of AMPHISBAENA"
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1931:The Birth of the Milky Way
1795:The Dance of the Villagers
1571:The History of Constantine
1555:Portrait of Susanna Lunden
910:(Madrid; 1609 and 1628–29)
739:The Descent from the Cross
537:World History Encyclopedia
2191:Poussinists and Rubenists
1819:The Triumph of the Church
1787:Bathsheba at the Fountain
1491:Perseus Freeing Andromeda
1243:The Lion and Leopard Hunt
1059:The Defeat of Sennacherib
963:Massacre of the Innocents
795:Heraclitus and Democritus
779:Portrait of a Young Woman
192:Iconography and symbolism
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1953:Deianira Listens to Fame
1923:Assumption of the Virgin
1731:The Ildefonso Altarpiece
1643:Assumption of the Virgin
1451:Conversion of Saint Paul
1443:The Small Last Judgement
1323:The Great Last Judgement
1155:Daniel in the Lions' Den
955:Conversion of Saint Paul
931:Coronation of the Virgin
883:Madonna della Vallicella
111:Moravian Gallery in Brno
103:Kunsthistorisches Museum
1651:Angelica and the Hermit
1275:Two Women with a Candle
1083:Portrait of a Commander
437:www.merriam-webster.com
170:Abraham van Diepenbeeck
1926:(Vienna; c. 1637)
1547:Marie de' Medici cycle
1459:The Fall of the Damned
1283:Descent from the Cross
1267:Saint Stephen Triptych
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1027:Descent from the Cross
891:Susanna and the Elders
347:(in Czech). 2018-11-27
322:(in Czech). 2018-11-29
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1899:The Rainbow Landscape
1779:Adoration of the Magi
1763:The Rainbow Landscape
1603:Adoration of the Magi
1563:Perseus and Andromeda
1526:(Florence; 1620–1623)
1403:Tigress with Her Cubs
1339:Adoration of the Magi
1235:The Wolf and Fox Hunt
1211:Florence Resurrection
987:The Four Philosophers
907:Adoration of the Magi
819:The Baptism of Christ
144:European grass snakes
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1969:The Rape of Ganymede
1835:Deucalion and Pyrrha
1646:(Antwerp; 1625–1626)
1307:Mars and Rhea Silvia
1046:(Cambridge; c. 1614)
1030:(Antwerp; 1612–1614)
995:Antwerp Resurrection
947:Raising of the Cross
787:Hercules and Omphale
390:2014;71(6):614–615.
1996:(Vienna; 1638–1639)
1964:(Madrid; 1636–1638)
1939:Consequences of War
1515:Christ on the Cross
1139:Madonna della Cesta
1107:The Death of Adonis
1067:The Four Continents
958:(London; 1610–1612)
811:The Fall of Phaeton
742:(Siegen; 1600–1602)
73:Another version in
2055:(1622–1640) (with
1977:Diana and Callisto
1907:Pallas and Arachne
1843:The Feast of Herod
1827:The Feast of Venus
1771:The Garden of Love
1691:The Rape of Europa
1427:The Wild Boar Hunt
1406:(attributed; 1618)
1286:(Lille; 1616–1617)
1203:The Wild Boar Hunt
915:Samson and Delilah
634:www.caravaggio.org
292:"Prometheus Bound"
233:Historical context
185:Head of the Medusa
136:The Head of Medusa
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2057:Pietro da Cortona
2033:Judgment of Paris
1859:Mercury and Argus
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1342:(Lyon; 1617–1618)
1251:Romulus and Remus
1171:A Statue of Ceres
1051:The Tribute Money
923:Honeysuckle Bower
747:Leda and the Swan
722:Peter Paul Rubens
614:Life of Leonardo]
596:Suda, S. (2019).
558:Suda, S. (2019).
531:Macquire, Kelly.
486:Suda, S. (2019).
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1961:The Three Graces
1851:The Village Fête
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1811:Venus and Adonis
1675:The Annunciation
1523:The Three Graces
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2132:Albert Rubens
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55:Oil on canvas
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2116:(first wife)
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750:(1601, 1602)
745:
737:
731:and drawings
667:. Retrieved
663:
637:. Retrieved
633:
610:
605:
598:Early Rubens
597:
592:
581:. Retrieved
577:
567:
560:Early Rubens
559:
540:. Retrieved
536:
512:. Retrieved
508:
488:Early Rubens
487:
472:Early Rubens
471:
440:. Retrieved
436:
427:
416:. Retrieved
412:
402:
387:
366:Early Rubens
365:
360:
349:. Retrieved
344:
335:
324:. Retrieved
319:
310:
299:. Retrieved
295:
286:
279:Early Rubens
278:
273:
251:
236:
195:
184:
180:
179:
164:
163:Originally,
162:
139:
135:
131:
130:
81:
80:
79:
2200:(1977 film)
2012:(1639–1640)
2004:(1638–1640)
1980:(1637–1638)
1972:(1636–1638)
1918:(1636–1638)
1915:Het Pelsken
1910:(1636–1637)
1862:(1635–1638)
1854:(1635–1638)
1846:(1635–1638)
1838:(1636–1637)
1830:(1635–1636)
1758:(1632–1634)
1750:(1630–1635)
1742:(1630–1631)
1739:Last Supper
1734:(1630–1631)
1702:(1629–1630)
1694:(1628–1629)
1686:(1628–1629)
1678:(1627–1628)
1622:(1623–1626)
1598:(1623–1624)
1590:(1623–1624)
1574:(1622–1625)
1550:(1621–1630)
1438:(1619–1620)
1430:(1618–1620)
1422:(1618–1620)
1350:(1617–1618)
1294:(1616–1617)
1278:(1616–1617)
1270:(1616–1617)
1262:(1616–1617)
1254:(1615–1616)
1206:(1615–1617)
1198:(1615–1616)
1190:(1615–1616)
1182:(1615–1616)
1163:Bacchanalia
1102:(1613–1615)
1094:(1613–1614)
1078:(1612–1614)
1062:(1612–1614)
1054:(1612–1614)
998:(1611–1612)
990:(1611–1612)
982:(1611–1612)
950:(1610–1611)
934:(1609–1611)
926:(1609–1610)
918:(1609–1610)
886:(1606–1608)
838:(1604–1605)
830:(1604–1605)
822:(1604–1605)
766:(1602–1605)
222:Cesare Ripa
159:Attribution
152:amphisbaena
2225:Categories
2204:Rubenesque
2138:Jan Rubens
2093:Rubenshuis
2044:Tapestries
1355:Two Satyrs
1003:Visitation
669:2023-03-29
639:2023-03-29
600:. Prestel.
583:2023-04-26
562:. Prestel.
542:2023-03-29
514:2023-03-29
490:. Prestel.
474:. Prestel.
442:2023-03-29
418:2023-03-29
368:. Prestel.
351:2018-11-29
326:2018-11-29
301:2023-03-29
281:. Prestel.
266:References
243:Caravaggio
214:apotropaic
60:Dimensions
2170:(teacher)
2164:(teacher)
2158:(teacher)
2152:(brother)
2036:(various)
1942:(c. 1638)
1934:(c. 1637)
1870:(c. 1636)
1790:(c. 1635)
1774:(c. 1633)
1718:(c. 1630)
1638:(c. 1625)
1566:(c. 1622)
1534:(c. 1621)
1486:(c. 1620)
1478:(c. 1620)
1470:(c. 1620)
1462:(c. 1620)
1398:(c. 1618)
1382:(c. 1618)
1374:(c. 1618)
1246:(c. 1616)
1238:(c. 1616)
1230:(c. 1616)
1174:(c. 1615)
1166:(c. 1615)
1134:(c. 1614)
1126:(c. 1614)
1019:Ecce Homo
966:(c. 1611)
902:(c. 1609)
806:(c. 1604)
729:Paintings
345:Artalk.cz
176:Reception
2176:(friend)
2146:(mother)
2140:(father)
533:"Medusa"
320:iDNES.cz
218:evil eye
127:Creation
2184:Related
2086:Museums
2001:Bacchus
1454:(1620s)
1070:(1610s)
616:, 1568.
210:Neptune
206:Minerva
140:Medusa.
122:History
115:Baroque
47:c. 1618
2197:Rubens
2102:People
2078:(1622)
2020:(1640)
1988:(1638)
1956:(1638)
1894:(1636)
1891:Saturn
1886:(1636)
1878:(1636)
1822:(1635)
1806:(1635)
1798:(1635)
1726:(1631)
1710:(1630)
1670:(1627)
1662:(1627)
1630:(1625)
1614:(1624)
1582:(1623)
1558:(1622)
1542:(1621)
1518:(1620)
1510:(1620)
1502:(1620)
1494:(1620)
1446:(1619)
1390:(1618)
1366:(1618)
1363:Medusa
1358:(1618)
1326:(1617)
1318:(1617)
1310:(1617)
1302:(1617)
1222:(1616)
1214:(1616)
1158:(1615)
1150:(1615)
1142:(1615)
1118:(1614)
1110:(1614)
1086:(1613)
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974:(1611)
942:(1610)
894:(1607)
878:(1606)
870:(1606)
862:(1606)
854:(1606)
846:(1605)
798:(1603)
790:(1603)
782:(1603)
774:(1603)
758:(1602)
247:Medusa
202:Gorgon
198:Medusa
181:Medusa
165:Medusa
148:vipers
132:Medusa
107:Vienna
91:Medusa
82:Medusa
52:Medium
36:Artist
22:Medusa
2134:(son)
2128:(son)
2067:Books
241:and
224:and
75:Brno
392:doi
208:by
105:in
2227::
1950:/
662:.
648:^
632:.
621:^
576:.
551:^
535:.
523:^
507:.
495:^
479:^
451:^
435:.
411:.
373:^
343:.
318:.
294:.
2059:)
714:e
707:t
700:v
672:.
642:.
586:.
545:.
517:.
445:.
421:.
394::
354:.
329:.
304:.
255:,
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