2628:
Caledonia and that of
Vanuatu, with the two islands sharing 12% of their native lizards. One factor possibly important to the similarities and differences among the islands of the region is the geology of the Inner and Outer Melanesian Arc. The former split from Australia during the Cretaceous, while the latter only formed during the Paleogene and Neogene. As mekosuchines first appeared during the Eocene, Mead and colleagues argue that continental drift and break up could not have played a part in their appearance in the South Pacific. Instead, it is considered more likely that the ancestors of the insular mekosuchines traveled short distances across the ocean to arrive on the islands of the Inner Melanesian Arc, before dispersing between the islands of the South Pacific from there. Although it is not known whether or not mekosuchines were tolerant to saltwater or had the same adaptations for marine dispersal as modern crocodiles (such as
626:. The Pindai Caves material on the other hand appears to have been younger, with some fossils possibly dating to approximately 1,720 years BP according to Balouet and Buffetaut. While survival into human times may be supported by remains found at archaeological sites, the age of some material has been disputed, with some authors suggesting a Pleistocene rather than Holocene age. The species name "inexpectatus" was chosen to reflect the unexpected appearance of a crocodilian on the isolated island of Grande Terre. Over 300 bones have been collected from the Pindai Caves alone, but the majority remains undescribed.
2691:
2664:, both the eyes and nares are not built for an aquatic mode of life. Rather than opening towards the top of the skull, which would allow the animal to breathe while remaining largely submerged, the nares open towards the front of the skull, and the eyes are similarly directed towards the sides, not the top. Balouet and Buffetaut further point to the well developed muscular insertions and the absence of freshwater in the deposition area, while pointing out that karstic environments are often associated with terrestrial crocodylomorphs. In 1995 Australian paleontologist
2587:
5571:
5566:
1101:
4726:
150:
2567:
2578:
573:
4731:
129:
2676:, even going as far as to suggest arboreal (climbing) habits. However, this idea has been dismissed by more recent research, as monitor lizards had been present in Australia for longer than assumed by Willis, while analysis of mekosuchine toe bones showed no significant differences to those of other crocodilians and thus not supporting the notion that they were exceptional climbers.
2680:
1281:
1976:. Six out of eight analyses recovered Mekosuchinae as a monophyletic group similar to the results of Lee and Yates. These analyses recovered most mekosuchines within Mekosuchini, which in turn was split into two clades. On the one hand large, continental forms and on the other small and/or insular taxa. The latter clade somewhat resembles the previous relationships suggested for
793:
2762:. How so many crocodilians could have coexisted with one another may have multiple explanations. On the one hand, the differing skull shapes between them, especially in regards to the White Hunter Site, may be enough for all taxa to fill different niches and thus not come into competition with one another. It is also possible that these assemblages were the result of
2014:, small-bodied Cretaceous to Paleogene crocodilians from Asia. However, support for these trees is low as indicated by both phylogenetic results and morphological similarities, with many uniting characters being widespread among crocodilians. Regardless of the relationship between Mekosuchinae and Orientalosuchina, the closest relatives to
1270:
2779:
and thus may have inhabited a similar niche as opposed to the much larger, semi-aquatic crocodilians of the site. It is however possible that they were morphologically and ecologically much more different than currently thought and that the similarities may simply be exacerbated by the lack of better
2636:
with the use of natural rafts. This process would have greatly profited from the lower sea levels present during the late
Cenozoic, decreasing the distance between now isolated islands and in some instances uniting whole island chains. The presence of these significant landmasses could have served as
1318:
was a
Eusuchian based on the choanae and the procoelous vertebrae, and placed it in the monotypic family Mekosuchidae, which they believed to have been the sister group to all three modern crocodilian families. Since then, research on Australasian crocodilians has placed a wide range of other taxa in
660:
has not been disputed, making it the youngest confirmed species but also the least well understood. The remains of this species are fragmentary, consisting only of a partial maxilla and the ends of a tibia and fibula. For this reason, the poor preservation of the same area in the type species and the
1018:
displays the typical sloping neural spine of crocodilians, but bears closer resemblance to alligatorids than to crocodylids. The following neural spines follow the overall pattern expected from a crocodile, though comparably taller than in other similarly sized animals. At the same time, the neural
2627:
may have had the largest range in time among them, with estimates suggesting that it may have first appeared nearly 4,000 years ago. This species is known exclusively from New
Caledonia, which makes it the closest geographically to mainland Australia. There is some overlap between the fauna of New
473:
animals living in close association with rainforest streams. What caused their extinction is unclear. Although some researchers suggest a human cause, others point out that the potential overlap with human settlements is insufficiently understood and no direct signs of human involvement have been
2718:
would render the death roll maneuver less effective than in species with a body length between 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft) long, whereas headshaking is favored by small animals like juveniles. Furthermore, Stein, Archer and Hand argue that the well-developed epaxial musculature would primarily
2727:. Whether or not this mode of feeding was used to rip apart much larger prey items or utilized for scavenging is unclear, though Stein, Archer and Hand suggest that it may have been especially advantageous for the latter, allowing for even relatively small animals to consume an excess of food.
2766:
and that in life, all these animals could have had different habitat preferences. However, Willis observed that the mammalian fauna of the
Riversleigh WHA indicates a complex but clearly defined pattern of different ecomorphs that filled different niches. For this reason, he suggests that the
1155:
Similarly, the way the maxillary teeth occlude with one another also varies between these forms. This can be determined either by the form of the toothrow itself or through the presence of occlusal pits that the teeth could slide into when the jaw was closed. Generally, two states are known.
895:
is placed in a distinct, wave-like manner also referred to as festooning. Festooning is usually the least pronounced in longirostrine forms like gharials, which have rather straight toothrows and much more prominent in short-snouted species. The maxilla displays some festooning in
1184:. In case of the later, most maxillary teeth were simply too closely spaced to allow for interlocking dentition and towards the back of the skull, occlusal pits confirm that certain dentary teeth were positioned further inside (medially) relative to those of the upper jaw.
1231:
could clearly be identified as having belonged to an almost mature individual, despite its small size. The most complete skull of this species measures only 100 mm (3.9 in), which may result in a total body length of only 60 cm (24 in). This puts
1314:, Balouet and Buffetaut struggled to determine the relationship between it and modern crocodilians, noting how the taxon displayed a variety of basal and derived traits that did not align perfectly with any of the modern groups. They ultimately determined that
2845:
with human artifacts at the Arapus archaeological site on the island of Efate. If the extinction of this taxon was linked to the arrival of humans, there may have been multiple factors contributing to their disappearance. These include the introduction of
430:. These species coexisted with a wide variety of other mekosuchines, forming a highly diverse crocodilian fauna including terrestrial hunters, semi-aquatic ambush predators and long-snouted fish eaters. The anatomy of the neck vertebrae of
2866:, most remains were deposited prior to human settlement of New Caledonia, with only a single mandible overlapping with human presence. They further highlight that no evidence exists of humans contributing to the crocodilians extinction.
1227:, maturity in crocodilians can be determined by the fusion between the neural centra and the neural spine, which progresses from the last tail vertebra to the first neck vertebra. Based on this, the vertebrae of the mainland
1971:
in 2023 and put a broader focus on not just
Mekosuchines but Australasian crocodylifroms in general, which includes the extant crocodylids of Australia, Australian gavialoids as well as more basal taxa like those placed in
2652:, like some of its closest relatives, is believed to have been a terrestrial animal. Evidence for this may be found in several parts of its anatomy. The skull is altirostral, similar to extinct terrestrial forms like
2660:, while semi-aquatic crocodilians typically have flattened platyrostral skulls, adapted to reduce drag and allow raising the eyes and nose out of the water without drawing the attention of potential prey items. In
832:, which connect the nasal passages with the throat, are located further forward (near the palatine-pterygoid suture) than in modern crocodiles and resemble what is seen in some Late Cretaceous crocodilians like
1248:, both of which typically reach lengths of over 1 m (3 ft 3 in) when fully grown. Estimates for other members of the genus are generally less precise, but fall into the same overall size range.
1116:, was described as having smooth maxillary teeth that would display flattened sides towards the back of the jaw, making them blade-like. A similar condition can be observed in the younger mainland species,
743:
is most readily distinguished from the type species by the presence of blade-like posterior teeth. The name derives from the White Hunter Site, the locality where the first remains of this species were
1215:. While growth is a consistent feature in crocodilians throughout their lives, the rate at which they grow each year decreases as an individual approaches maturity. Subsequently, in dwarf species like
2730:
These mainland species are known from localities that have also preserved the fossilised remains of multiple other mekosuchines, which they may have coexisted with. The White Hunter Site that yielded
2641:
only dispersed into the South
Pacific relatively recently. Mead and colleagues name the Oligocene as the earliest possible date, though an even more recent Quaternary dispersal is deemed more likely.
2787:
had specialized back teeth more suited for cracking hard-shelled invertebrates such as molluscs, crustaceans and insects. Balouet and
Buffetaut suggest that it may have fed on molluscs of the genus
2710:
has been interpreted as being an adaptation for ripping chunks of flesh from carcasses. In modern crocodilians this is achieved either through shaking the head side to side or by employing the
2723:
could have also used its neck musculature to strip flesh by pulling and lifting its head against a constrained or weighed down carcass, behavior that has also been inferred for more ancient
739:
and specifically found in Faunal Zones A and B, which yielded the holotype maxilla as well as referred material including vertebrae and skull remains. Besides some more subtle differences,
2862:
and being used as a food source. However, this idea is not universally accepted and has been disputed by other researchers. Anderson and colleagues for instance note that in the case of
396:
were generally small-sized (less than 2 m (6 ft 7 in) long), terrestrial animals with short, blunt-snouted heads and strong limbs. Four species are currently recognized,
2719:
increase the force generated by headshaking whereas a death roll would bear a greater risk of the animal harming itself and damaging its limbs trying to perform it on land. Finally,
517:(at the time considered a suborder of Crocodylia) and placed it in its own family, the Mekosuchidae. Ten years later, in 1997, a second species was described by Paul Willis from the
529:, it was not only geographically separated from the type species but also distinctly older, dating to the Late Oligocene. This marked the first but not the last known instance of a
1319:
the family, which is now referred to by the name
Mekosuchinae. Although mekosuchines are still a poorly understood group whose internal and external relationships commonly shift,
490:, with the first bone, a fragmentary quadratojugal, being collected from Kanumera Bay in 1981. Subsequent years yielded more material stemming from both the Isle of Pines and the
3528:"A reinterpretation and taxonomic revision of Ultrastenos willisi Stein, Hand and Archer, 2016, a short-snouted mekosuchine crocodylian from the Oligocene of northern Australia"
757:
was brachycephalic or altirostral, meaning that it was notably short and raised rather than elonagted and flattened as seen in most extant crocodilian species. In this regard
1120:, in which the teeth become laterally compressed following the 5th tooth of the maxilla. The Holocene species meanwhile lack these blade-like teeth. Although only the
773:, which includes the extant dwarf crocodiles. Other researchers have also drawn comparisons between this genus and various other terrestrial crocodylomorphs including
5695:
1252:
for instance has been estimated to have reached a length of approximately 2 m (6 ft 7 in) by
Balouet, while Holt and colleagues estimate members of
6111:
2609:
originated on mainland Australia, little is known about how it dispersed throughout the South Pacific. Currently, three mekosuchines are known from the region,
3010:
1065:
and the Oligocene mainland species. The dorsal and tail osteoderms of the continental species are described as being highly modified, which may be related to
1019:
spines are not as inclined as in today's crocodiles, especially towards the front of the neck. This has been taken as evidence that, in spite of being small,
3639:
1192:
on the other hand feature a mix. In both of these species, the teeth towards the tip of the jaw and towards the back were arranged in an overbite, however,
1132:
are better known, but likewise fail to display the same condition as seen in the continental species. Rather than being blade-like, the posterior teeth of
541:, which was named in 2002 from fragmentary remains discovered at an archaeological site on Vanuatu. A 2003 expedition also yielded additional remains of
6116:
6012:
5932:
5852:
5785:
5669:
1054:
and Balouet & Buffetaut make mention of well developed insertions for the musculature. In a 2013 abstract it is mentioned that the tuber of the
1996:
was placed in the large-bodied, continental clade. The remaining two trees deviated greatly from the traditional composition of Mekosuchinae, with
1128:, these suggest that the teeth were circular to ovate in cross section, with no signs of the lateral compression seen in older forms. The teeth of
785:
in 2007 with a skull similar to that of modern dwarf crocodiles. In 2014 on the other hand, Scanlon produced a composite skeletal for the skull of
533:
species being found on the Australian mainland, instead of on an island. The second instance came only four years later with the description of
868:
open towards the sides and front of the skull (anterolaterally) rather than facing upwards (dorsally) and the opening is not contacted by the
6091:
2913:
Balouet, J.C. (1991). "The fossil vertebrate record of New Caledonia". In Vickers-Rich, P.; Monaghan, J.M.; Baird, R.F.; Rich, T.H. (eds.).
434:
might indicate that it was quite well adapted to stripping flesh from carcasses, using blade-like teeth and violent side-to-side thrashing.
6106:
6086:
959:
from contributing to the symphysis, as it only extends forward to the level of the 7th dentary tooth across all species of the genus. The
781:
have been published, differing greatly from one another. Following the discovery of additional remains, Holt and colleagues reconstructed
2821:
may have inhabited small, slow moving streams in the rainforests of New Caledonia and foraged at night near the waters edge and on land.
888:
from contacting each other. This unique contribution of the maxilla to the orbital rim is among the diagnostic features of this genus.
6076:
3479:
3289:
2665:
6101:
2924:
6081:
6071:
5565:
3632:
3572:"Quantitatively assessing mekosuchine crocodile locomotion by geometric morphometric and finite element analysis of the forelimb"
3254:
New materials of Oligo–Miocene Mekosuchus from the Riversleigh World Heritage Area indicate unusual development and palaeoecology
1140:, better suited for crushing than for slicing. Similar tribodont teeth are seen in many unrelated types of eusuchians, including
1061:
Various parts of the osteoderms, the bony armor, are known from across the different species and were specifically mentioned for
5570:
3367:"Faunal extinction and human habitation in New Caledonia: Initial results and implications of new research at the Pindai Caves"
1219:
this growth rate begins to decrease early on, resulting in their small body size relative to other crocodilians. The fact that
703:
518:
4898:
1031:
represents a compromise between needed mobility and enlarged musculature. Similar neck vertebrae have been described for both
4725:
513:
four years later in 1987. Due to the strange anatomy of the material, they initially assumed the animal represented an early
4944:
4813:
2070:
789:, reconstructing it with a much more gently sloping rostrum that differed greatly from the previous depiction of the genus.
6096:
3119:
Willis, P. M. A. (2001). "New crocodilian material from the Miocene of Riversleigh (northwestern Queensland, Australia)".
2875:
457:, but some authors have also suggested that they may have survived until even more recently. Unlike the mainland species,
3559:
Darren Naish, "Tetrapod Zoology": "The small, recently extinct, island-dwelling crocodilians of the south Pacific", 2006
3256:. Proceedings of the 14th Conference on Australasian Vertebrate Evolution, Palaeontology & Systematics. Vol. 79.
1024:
561:
495:
3558:
3409:
Ristevski, J.; Willis, P.M.A.; Yates, A.M.; White, M.A.; Hart, L.J.; Stein, M.D.; Price, G.J.; Salisbury, S.W. (2023).
2690:
3625:
673:, who was noted for his strong support of the archaeological excavations that yielded the fossils of this crocodilian.
4805:
3972:
149:
5026:
3475:"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil"
3320:"Dwarfism and feeding behaviours in Oligo-Miocene crocodiles from Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland, Australia"
2586:
4998:
2107:
864:
also differs from modern crocodilians, as it isn't displaced inward or only to a very small degree. The external
3179:
2637:
stops or even supported populations during the dispersal of these animals. For this reason, it is believed that
1387:
age) data recovered broadly similar results, although the precise relations within Mekosuchini do differ. Here,
661:
two species geographic and temporal range, Holt and colleagues suggest that this species may be synonymous with
4644:
3965:
4730:
702:. It was named by Willis based on two maxillae and various skull fragments, all stemming from the productive
5019:
2222:
510:
263:
5505:
5279:
2793:, which was common on New Caledonia. Based on newer material and the previously noted similarities between
5609:
5529:
5303:
5012:
3232:. 11th Conference on Australian Vertebrate Evolution, Palaeontology and Systematics. Melbourne, Australia.
2161:
1223:
specimens are mature or at least almost mature can be found in the anatomy of the vertebrae. According to
3411:"Migrations, diversifications and extinctions: the evolutionary history of crocodyliforms in Australasia"
731:
and early Miocene in Queensland. While also known from various localities of the Riversleigh, remains of
6066:
6038:
5958:
5878:
5798:
5721:
5489:
5482:
5295:
5287:
5171:
3808:
3728:
2249:
1224:
5513:
3527:
3229:
New material of Mekosuchus inexpectatus (Crocodylia: Mekosuchinae) from the Quaternary of New Caledonia
904:. While festooning may be exaggerated in younger individuals, an analysis conducted on the material of
2833:
in the South Pacific has historically been linked to the arrival of human settlers, in particular the
1211:
is among the smallest mekosuchines and is often referred to as a dwarf species in the same fashion as
5999:
5919:
5839:
5772:
5656:
5005:
4694:
4687:
4637:
4435:
3252:
Stein, M.; Yates, A.M.; Scanlon, J.D.; Archer, M.; Willis, P.M.A.; Salisbury, S.; Hand, S.J. (2013).
2914:
1372:
1003:
944:
911:
Other cranial features that can be used to differentiate the four species includes the extent of the
2195:
1100:
1081:
species varies between the taxa both in shape, number and occlusion. For instance, the lower jaw of
4673:
4400:
2967:"Mekosuchus inexpectatus, n. Gen., n. Sp., crocodilien nouveau de l'Holocene de Nouvelle Calédonie"
2880:
2859:
1521:
1485:
960:
935:
further differs from all other species by possessing a longitudinal furrow beneath the eyes, while
707:
3069:"New crocodilians from the late Oligocene White Hunter Site, Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland"
2018:
remain the same across the analyses, generally recovering the same small-bodied clade composed of
5537:
5446:
5438:
5164:
4442:
4421:
4414:
4075:
3951:
3755:
3432:
3341:
3183:
3159:
Mead, Jim I; Steadman, David W; Bedford, Stuart H; Bell, Christopher J; Spriggs, Matthew (2002).
3032:
820:, which was described as displaying a unique mix of basal and derived features of the skull. The
615:
144:
6043:
5963:
5883:
5803:
5726:
1172:
also display an intermediate pattern, combining an overbite with some degree of interfingering.
6025:
5945:
5708:
5700:
5453:
4952:
4919:
4680:
4407:
4212:
3603:
3508:
3285:
3080:
2920:
2750:. The younger Ringtail Site of the Riversleigh on the other hand preserves another species of
2633:
1200:
the dentition interlocked between the 6th and 7th as well as the 7th and 8th maxillary teeth.
912:
6030:
5950:
5736:
5713:
5431:
4666:
4529:
4492:
4428:
4323:
4189:
3593:
3583:
3539:
3498:
3488:
3422:
3331:
3175:
3022:
2847:
2010:
1142:
498:. This material included various cranial and postcranial remains, ranging from the complete
461:
is known to have had bulbous posterior teeth that may have been used to crack the shells of
217:
204:
5647:
2566:
2034:. Results similar to this were also recovered by Yates and Stein in their re-evaluation of
5521:
5497:
5460:
5380:
5128:
4855:
4614:
4599:
4564:
4507:
4377:
4233:
4178:
3995:
3979:
3366:
3362:
2841:
overlaps with human settlement of Vanuatu and the direct association between the bones of
2763:
2673:
1465:
861:
670:
3452:"Crocodylian snouts in space and time: phylogenetic approaches toward adaptive radiation"
1196:
had an interlocking dentary tooth between the 7th and 8th teeth of the maxilla, while in
1047:, indicating that this anatomy may have been more widespread among derived mekosuchines.
3451:
3319:
2577:
876:
were well-developed and large and, unique among crocodilians, are in part formed by the
418:
was a successful and widespread genus, with its earliest members being found during the
5394:
5372:
5114:
5106:
5064:
4862:
4797:
4783:
4656:
4369:
4353:
4282:
4240:
4198:
4170:
4148:
4105:
4040:
4027:
4002:
3987:
3958:
3889:
3845:
3830:
3598:
3571:
3503:
3474:
3278:
Scanlon, J.D. (2014). "Giant terrestrial reptilian carnivores of Cenozoic Australia.".
2679:
2657:
2004:
1833:
1431:
1376:
1296:
1051:
1037:
999:
940:
853:
845:
834:
763:
666:
623:
557:
506:
267:
17:
3160:
2919:. Monash University Publications Committee, Melbourne, Australia. pp. 1381–1409.
6060:
5592:
5424:
5417:
5402:
5387:
5350:
5336:
5248:
5233:
5225:
5142:
5121:
5092:
5085:
5078:
4968:
4882:
4870:
4820:
4790:
4775:
4761:
4543:
4514:
4484:
4346:
4315:
4302:
4290:
4274:
4256:
4219:
4119:
3943:
3921:
3436:
3279:
3120:
2966:
2834:
2056:
1582:
1380:
1121:
1015:
923:
the front edge of the fenestrae extends until the 6th tooth of the maxilla, while in
885:
849:
840:
821:
695:
611:
487:
442:
83:
3345:
3227:
3187:
3036:
947:, the fused section at the front of the lower jaw, also differs between species. In
572:
5990:
5910:
5587:
5410:
5343:
5256:
5241:
5208:
5197:
5149:
4931:
4841:
4828:
4748:
4627:
4578:
4571:
4499:
4361:
4338:
4163:
4155:
4126:
4068:
4061:
3936:
3821:
3713:
3688:
2515:
2093:
1973:
1944:
1645:
1618:
1417:
1148:
1066:
968:
857:
774:
599:
491:
389:
318:
276:
243:
128:
3427:
3410:
2008:
being recovered elsewhere in Crocodylia and Mekosuchinae also including the clade
706:, specifically the Ringtail Site within Faunal Zone C. The species name refers to
5865:
5682:
5641:
5365:
5358:
5156:
5135:
5099:
5071:
5050:
4592:
4585:
4557:
4550:
4536:
4477:
4330:
4266:
4226:
4205:
4133:
4112:
4054:
3928:
3896:
3853:
2810:
2802:
2789:
2742:
2629:
1743:
1562:
1364:
1244:
1238:
1137:
873:
769:
645:
462:
386:
58:
5830:
505:
to skull fragments and isolated vertebrae. Such fossils were first reported by
5319:
5183:
4988:
4912:
4905:
4891:
4470:
4087:
3767:
3679:
3649:
2724:
2653:
1368:
1158:
972:
869:
699:
522:
227:
103:
68:
5763:
5632:
3084:
5269:
4607:
4390:
3874:
3740:
2711:
2395:
1280:
1164:
1055:
991:
951:
the symphysis extends until the position of the 7th dentary tooth, while in
792:
728:
514:
470:
427:
419:
161:
108:
52:
41:
3607:
3512:
3493:
3336:
2632:), it is possible that they could have actively swam between landmasses or
1112:
However, the differences in shape are more noticeable. The oldest species,
5984:
5904:
5824:
5757:
5626:
5472:
4960:
4521:
4141:
3881:
3697:
3673:
2768:
2442:
1853:
1177:
956:
607:
598:
The first discovered (and possibly youngest) member of this genus is the
499:
466:
454:
181:
98:
93:
78:
73:
63:
45:
3226:
Holt, T.R.; Salisbury, S.W.; Worthy, T.; Sand, C.; Anderson, A. (2007).
3027:
6017:
5937:
5857:
5790:
5674:
3860:
3617:
3588:
3068:
2134:
1998:
1050:
According to Willis, the humerus was similar in form to that of modern
877:
829:
649:
502:
446:
438:
423:
383:
299:
191:
113:
88:
5870:
5687:
3570:
Stein, M.D.; Hand, S.J.; Archer, M.; Wroe, S.; Wilson, L.A.B. (2020).
4457:
3667:
1384:
825:
171:
5603:
2837:. Supporters of this hypothesis point at the fact that the range of
449:
respectively and represent some of the youngest known mekosuchines.
1097:, with the former possessing 12 maxillary teeth and the latter 13.
1089:
contained 16. Upper jaws on the other hand can be compared between
975:
bones possess out-turned flanges, both of these are diagnostic for
694:
species known from the mainland of Australia, and lived during the
3903:
3544:
2689:
2678:
2619:
1779:
1290:
1099:
1043:
881:
865:
791:
571:
379:
6004:
5924:
5844:
5777:
5661:
564:, Mek, in combination with the suffix -suchus meaning crocodile.
120:
Survival until just 1.700 years ago is possible, but not certain.
4976:
3838:
2855:
2851:
2736:
2422:
1665:
1269:
5607:
4746:
4025:
3806:
3660:
3621:
3161:"New Extinct Mekosuchine Crocodile from Vanuatu, South Pacific"
1002:
specifically were noted to be shorter than those of the extant
537:, also named by Willis. The most recently described species is
2797:
and modern dwarf crocodiles, Holt and colleagues suggest that
1323:
is traditionally allied with other altirostral forms such as
998:
are described in greater detail. They are procoelous and the
486:
were initially recovered from various different sites across
2801:
could have possibly lived a similar lifestyle to the modern
453:
possibly died out approximately 3,000 years ago, during the
3180:
10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0632:NEMCFV]2.0.CO;2
1992:
was recovered as the basalmost member of this group, while
1236:
within the lower size range of today's dwarf crocodilians,
622:
fossils from the Isle of Pines date to roughly 3,750 years
848:
are well developed towards the back of the skull and the
982:
Some postcranial remains are also known, primarily from
2599:
includes mainland Australia, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.
1256:
to be around 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in length.
1180:
in the maxillary toothrow and the same is the case for
727:
is the oldest known species and lived during the late
2775:, which was a box-headed terrestrial form similar to
3415:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
2446:
2426:
2399:
2327:
2307:
2280:
2253:
2226:
2199:
2165:
2138:
2111:
2074:
1967:
The most recent analysis was performed by Ristevski
1857:
1837:
1810:
1783:
1747:
1727:
1670:
1649:
1622:
1586:
1566:
1525:
1489:
1469:
1435:
955:
it ends at the 6th dentary tooth. This prevents the
355:
342:
325:
308:
283:
5974:
5894:
5814:
5747:
5616:
5470:
5318:
5267:
5207:
5181:
5048:
4986:
4930:
4881:
4839:
4759:
4654:
4625:
4456:
4388:
4301:
4254:
4188:
4085:
4038:
3913:
3820:
3766:
3739:
3712:
652:approximately 3,200 to 2,706 years BP. Unlike with
469:. Some researchers suggest that they were possibly
2971:Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris
1300:are commonly found to be the closest relatives of
1156:Interfingering teeth as seen in modern members of
3473:Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018).
3281:Carnivores of Australia: past, present and future
2783:Unlike the bladed teeth of the mainland species,
710:, who supported Willis while studying in Germany.
3011:"Review of fossil crocodilians from Australasia"
1371:study by Lee & Yates using a combination of
412:, all known primarily from fragmentary remains.
1331:. Willis (1997) suggests a close link between
3633:
2714:maneuver. It is noted that the small size of
2672:may have filled a niche equivalent to modern
1399:being the sister taxon to their grouping and
1006:, even when accounting for the small size of
767:and the modern, only distantly related genus
8:
3365:; Sand, C; Petchey, F; Worthy, T. H (2010).
2734:also preserved the broad-snouted generalist
963:is strongly reduced, being almost closed in
852:lacks a spine, which is a feature shared by
1058:, the heel, is robust and unusually short.
5604:
5328:
5217:
5189:
5056:
4936:
4847:
4767:
4756:
4743:
4462:
4307:
4298:
4097:
4093:
4046:
4035:
4022:
3817:
3803:
3745:
3718:
3709:
3657:
3640:
3626:
3618:
3318:Stein, M.; Archer, M.; Hand, S.J. (2016).
1027:. It is possible that the neck anatomy of
891:As in many crocodilians, the tooth row of
509:in 1983 and properly described by him and
437:The younger two species were found on the
127:
31:
3597:
3587:
3543:
3502:
3492:
3426:
3335:
3026:
2706:The strong neck musculature inferred for
1391:was recovered as the closest relative of
669:of Vanuatu at the time of its discovery,
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3301:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2916:Vertebrate Palaeontology of Australasia
2892:
2668:informally suggested that animals like
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3357:
3355:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3154:
3152:
3114:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3004:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2771:. Willis does take particular note of
777:. Two reconstructions of the skull of
6112:Taxa named by Jean-Christophe Balouet
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2746:as well as the terrestrial ziphodont
900:and a much more extreme wave-form in
7:
2767:Riversleigh crocodilians were truly
1085:contained 13 teeth, whereas that of
2965:Balouet, J.; Buffetaut, E. (1987).
2414:
2387:
2295:
2268:
2241:
2214:
2187:
2180:
2153:
2126:
2099:
2089:
2062:
2052:
2045:
1825:
1798:
1771:
1719:
1712:
1637:
1610:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1513:
1457:
1450:
1423:
1413:
1406:
665:. This species was named after the
3480:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
2698:may have been part of the diet of
1359:in a large polytomy as sisters to
1343:as their sister taxon, while Mead
1069:or simply a defensive adaptation.
1010:. This may indicate that at least
25:
3122:Crocodilian biology and evolution
2817:. According to their hypothesis,
2605:While fossil evidence shows that
908:has confirmed it to be an adult.
796:Two different reconstructions of
6117:Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera
5569:
5564:
4729:
4724:
3073:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
2585:
2576:
2565:
1279:
1268:
1077:The dentition of the four known
148:
3526:Yates, A.M.; Stein, M. (2024).
1403:as the basalmost mekosuchinin.
931:it extends only until the 7th.
828:, narrow towards the back. The
704:Riversleigh World Heritage Area
644:, which lived on the island of
640:The second Holocene species is
519:Riversleigh World Heritage Area
317:Balouet & Buffetaut, 1987 (
3371:Journal of Pacific Archaeology
1023:had well developed and strong
1:
3428:10.1080/03115518.2023.2201319
3324:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
2876:Biodiversity of New Caledonia
1152:and modern dwarf crocodiles.
293:Balouet & Buffetaut, 1987
6092:New Caledonia Holocene fauna
943:. The extent of the shallow
6107:Pleistocene crocodylomorphs
6087:Terrestrial crocodylomorphs
5976:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
3125:. Surrey Beatty & Sons.
2708:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
2277:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
1168:, however, some species of
1162:and an overbite as seen in
939:possesses a crest atop the
804:following Scanlon 2014 and
545:with additional fossils of
6133:
3532:Palaeontologia Electronica
1014:had a shortened neck. The
816:The best known species is
6077:Oligocene crocodylomorphs
5582:
5562:
5331:
5220:
5192:
5059:
4939:
4850:
4770:
4755:
4742:
4722:
4465:
4310:
4100:
4096:
4049:
4034:
4021:
3816:
3802:
3748:
3721:
3708:
3656:
3009:Willis, P. M. A. (1997).
2740:and the narrower-snouted
2513:
2439:
2419:
2412:
2392:
2385:
2320:
2300:
2293:
2273:
2266:
2246:
2239:
2219:
2212:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2158:
2151:
2131:
2124:
2108:Kalthifrons aurivellensis
2104:
2097:
2087:
2067:
2060:
2050:
1942:
1850:
1830:
1823:
1803:
1796:
1776:
1769:
1740:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1662:
1642:
1635:
1615:
1608:
1579:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1518:
1511:
1482:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1428:
1421:
1411:
1000:neck (cervical) vertebrae
824:, which form part of the
305:
298:
282:
275:
145:Scientific classification
143:
135:
126:
34:
27:Extinct genus of reptiles
6102:Pliocene crocodylomorphs
4899:"Crocodylus" gariepensis
1025:epaxial neck musculature
735:are older than those of
392:crocodilian. Species of
6082:Miocene crocodylomorphs
6072:Neogene crocodylomorphs
5749:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
5172:"Tomistoma" lusitanicum
4945:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
4814:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
3067:Willis, P.M.A. (1997).
2864:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
2785:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
2700:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
2324:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
2223:Trilophosuchus rackhami
2071:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
1033:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
990:. Between the two, the
818:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
783:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
511:Jean-Christophe Balouet
288:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
137:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
18:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
3494:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071
3337:10.4202/app.00134.2014
2703:
2687:
2162:Australosuchus clarkae
1980:, as it also contains
1310:When first describing
1109:
1035:as well as the genera
860:. The position of the
813:
585:
494:on the main island of
6039:Paleobiology Database
5959:Paleobiology Database
5879:Paleobiology Database
5799:Paleobiology Database
5722:Paleobiology Database
3450:Brochu, C.A. (2001).
2693:
2682:
2250:Volia athollandersoni
1103:
795:
761:has been compared to
575:
549:being found as well.
6097:Holocene extinctions
5816:Mekosuchus kalpokasi
5447:"Tomistoma" coppensi
5439:"Tomistoma" cairense
5165:"Tomistoma" cairense
4806:"Crocodylus" affinis
3973:"Crocodylus" affinis
3284:. CSIRO Publishing.
3015:Australian Zoologist
2843:Mekosuchus kalpokasi
2696:Placostylus fibratus
2683:Life restoration of
1004:freshwater crocodile
945:mandibular symphysis
552:The generic name of
539:Mekosuchus kalpokasi
5454:"Tomistoma" dowsoni
3028:10.7882/AZ.1997.004
2881:Holocene extinction
2860:habitat destruction
2732:M. whitehunterensis
2721:M. whitehunterensis
2656:and members of the
1988:. Notably however,
1726:Bullock Creek taxon
1522:Kambara murgonensis
1486:Kambara implexidens
1355:and a then unnamed
1234:M. whitehunterensis
1229:M. whitehunterensis
1182:M. whitehunterensis
1114:M. whitehunterensis
1087:M. whitehunterensis
1029:M. whitehunterensis
996:M. whitehunterensis
988:M. whitehunterensis
965:M. whitehunterensis
961:mandibular fenestra
953:M. whitehunterensis
933:M. whitehunterensis
929:M. whitehunterensis
898:M. whitehunterensis
844:. The wings of the
802:M. whitehunterensis
787:M. whitehunterensis
741:M. whitehunterensis
733:M. whitehunterensis
725:M. whitehunterensis
717:M. whitehunterensis
582:M. whitehunterensis
547:M. whitehunterensis
527:M. whitehunterensis
432:M. whitehunterensis
402:M. whitehunterensis
360:M. whitehunterensis
5896:Mekosuchus sanderi
5027:C. thorbjarnarsoni
4076:Listrognathosuchus
3952:Brachyuranochampsa
3589:10.7717/peerj.9349
3456:American Zoologist
2829:The extinction of
2803:dwarf crocodiles (
2756:Mekosuchus sanderi
2704:
2688:
2304:Mekosuchus sanderi
1225:Christopher Brochu
1110:
814:
618:suggests that the
616:Radiocarbon dating
586:
535:Mekosuchus sanderi
478:History and naming
6054:
6053:
6026:Open Tree of Life
5946:Open Tree of Life
5709:Open Tree of Life
5610:Taxon identifiers
5601:
5600:
5578:
5577:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5314:
5313:
5044:
5043:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5035:
4999:C. anthropophagus
4738:
4737:
4720:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4452:
4451:
4250:
4249:
4213:Eurycephalosuchus
4017:
4016:
4013:
4012:
3966:"Crocodylus" acer
3798:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
2557:Paleobiogeography
2553:
2552:
2544:
2543:
2535:
2534:
2526:
2525:
2502:
2501:
2493:
2492:
2484:
2483:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2465:
2457:
2456:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2346:
2338:
2337:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1931:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1903:
1895:
1894:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1758:
1757:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1597:
1596:
1500:
1499:
1363:within the clade
1104:The lower jaw of
913:palatal fenestrae
880:, preventing the
826:roof of the mouth
556:derives from the
371:
370:
365:
352:
339:
322:
271:
121:
16:(Redirected from
6124:
6047:
6046:
6034:
6033:
6021:
6020:
6008:
6007:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5967:
5966:
5954:
5953:
5941:
5940:
5928:
5927:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5887:
5886:
5874:
5873:
5861:
5860:
5848:
5847:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5807:
5806:
5794:
5793:
5781:
5780:
5768:
5767:
5766:
5740:
5739:
5730:
5729:
5717:
5716:
5704:
5703:
5691:
5690:
5678:
5677:
5665:
5664:
5652:
5651:
5650:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5605:
5573:
5568:
5530:G. pachyrhynchus
5432:Siquisiquesuchus
5329:
5218:
5190:
5057:
4937:
4848:
4768:
4757:
4744:
4733:
4728:
4695:C. wannlangstoni
4688:C. venezuelensis
4530:Globidentosuchus
4493:Centenariosuchus
4463:
4324:Allognathosuchus
4308:
4299:
4190:Orientalosuchina
4098:
4094:
4047:
4036:
4023:
3818:
3804:
3746:
3719:
3710:
3703:
3702:
3658:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3619:
3612:
3611:
3601:
3591:
3567:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3506:
3496:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3430:
3406:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3363:Anderson, Atholl
3359:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3315:
3296:
3295:
3275:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3234:
3233:
3223:
3192:
3191:
3165:
3156:
3127:
3126:
3116:
3089:
3088:
3064:
3041:
3040:
3030:
3006:
2979:
2978:
2962:
2931:
2930:
2910:
2813:Paleosuchus spp.
2805:Osteolaemus spp.
2748:Quinkana meboldi
2589:
2580:
2569:
2448:
2428:
2415:
2401:
2388:
2329:
2309:
2296:
2282:
2269:
2255:
2242:
2228:
2215:
2201:
2188:
2181:
2167:
2154:
2140:
2127:
2113:
2100:
2090:
2076:
2063:
2053:
2046:
2011:Orientalosuchina
1859:
1839:
1826:
1812:
1799:
1785:
1772:
1749:
1729:
1720:
1713:
1672:
1651:
1638:
1624:
1611:
1588:
1568:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1527:
1514:
1491:
1471:
1458:
1451:
1437:
1424:
1414:
1407:
1283:
1272:
1176:displays a full
1143:Allognathosuchus
543:M. inexpectatus,
363:
357:
350:
344:
333:
327:
316:
310:
285:
262:
255:
242:
218:Archosauriformes
205:Archosauromorpha
153:
152:
131:
119:
118:
55:
51:28.1–0.003
40:Temporal range:
32:
21:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6121:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6050:
6042:
6037:
6029:
6024:
6016:
6011:
6003:
5998:
5989:
5988:
5983:
5970:
5962:
5957:
5949:
5944:
5936:
5931:
5923:
5918:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5890:
5882:
5877:
5869:
5864:
5856:
5851:
5843:
5838:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5810:
5802:
5797:
5789:
5784:
5776:
5771:
5762:
5761:
5756:
5743:
5735:
5733:
5725:
5720:
5712:
5707:
5699:
5694:
5686:
5681:
5673:
5668:
5660:
5655:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5612:
5602:
5597:
5574:
5544:
5506:G. curvirostris
5483:G. bengawanicus
5466:
5461:Toyotamaphimeia
5381:Hesperogavialis
5322:
5310:
5263:
5211:
5203:
5186:
5177:
5129:Megadontosuchus
5053:
5032:
5020:C. palaeindicus
4982:
4926:
4877:
4856:Aldabrachampsus
4844:
4835:
4764:
4751:
4734:
4700:
4674:C. brevirostris
4650:
4621:
4615:Wannaganosuchus
4600:Stangerochampsa
4565:Orthogenysuchus
4508:Chinatichampsus
4448:
4384:
4378:Wannaganosuchus
4297:
4259:
4246:
4234:Orientalosuchus
4184:
4179:Stangerochampsa
4090:
4081:
4043:
4030:
4009:
3996:Prodiplocynodon
3980:Portugalosuchus
3909:
3812:
3782:
3762:
3735:
3704:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3646:
3616:
3615:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3557:
3553:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3408:
3407:
3390:
3380:
3378:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3317:
3316:
3299:
3292:
3277:
3276:
3261:
3251:
3250:
3237:
3225:
3224:
3195:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3130:
3118:
3117:
3092:
3066:
3065:
3044:
3008:
3007:
2982:
2977:(304): 853–856.
2964:
2963:
2934:
2927:
2912:
2911:
2894:
2889:
2872:
2827:
2819:M. inexpectatus
2811:dwarf caimans (
2799:M. inexpectatus
2764:thanatocoenosis
2685:M. inexpectatus
2674:monitor lizards
2647:
2625:M. inexpectatus
2611:M. inexpectatus
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2582:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2559:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2467:
2458:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
1965:
1956:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1759:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1598:
1501:
1466:Kambara taraina
1308:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1262:
1250:M. inexpectatus
1206:
1174:M. inexpectatus
1134:M. inexpectatus
1130:M. inexpectatus
1124:are known from
1106:M. inexpectatus
1083:M. inexpectatus
1075:
1063:M. inexpectatus
1052:monitor lizards
1012:M. inexpectatus
984:M. inexpectatus
949:M. inexpectatus
921:M. inexpectatus
862:postorbital bar
808:following Holt
806:M. inexpectatus
751:
698:in what is now
671:Donald Kalpokas
663:M. inexpectatus
654:M. inexpectatus
620:M. inexpectatus
604:M. inexpectatus
591:M. inexpectatus
570:
480:
459:M. inexpectatus
398:M. inexpectatus
313:M. inexpectatus
294:
291:
261:
253:
240:
147:
122:
117:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
50:
49:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6130:
6128:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6059:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6035:
6022:
6009:
5996:
5980:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5955:
5942:
5929:
5916:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5875:
5862:
5849:
5836:
5820:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5795:
5782:
5769:
5753:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5731:
5718:
5705:
5692:
5679:
5666:
5653:
5638:
5622:
5620:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5599:
5598:
5596:
5595:
5590:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5534:
5526:
5518:
5510:
5502:
5494:
5486:
5478:
5476:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5464:
5457:
5450:
5443:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5399:
5395:Maomingosuchus
5391:
5384:
5377:
5373:Harpacochampsa
5369:
5362:
5355:
5347:
5340:
5332:
5326:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5308:
5300:
5296:T. lusitanicum
5292:
5284:
5280:T. calaritanum
5275:
5273:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5253:
5245:
5238:
5230:
5221:
5215:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5193:
5187:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5118:
5115:Maomingosuchus
5111:
5107:Leptorrhamphus
5103:
5096:
5089:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5065:Dollosuchoides
5060:
5054:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5013:C. falconensis
5009:
5002:
4994:
4992:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4949:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4925:
4924:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4867:
4863:Dzungarisuchus
4859:
4851:
4845:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4825:
4817:
4810:
4802:
4798:Australosuchus
4794:
4787:
4784:Antecrocodylus
4780:
4771:
4765:
4760:
4753:
4752:
4747:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4662:
4660:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4645:M. latrubessei
4641:
4633:
4631:
4623:
4622:
4620:
4619:
4611:
4604:
4596:
4589:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4561:
4554:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4496:
4489:
4481:
4474:
4466:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4396:
4394:
4386:
4385:
4383:
4382:
4374:
4370:Procaimanoidea
4366:
4358:
4354:Hassiacosuchus
4350:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4320:
4311:
4305:
4296:
4295:
4287:
4283:Menatalligator
4279:
4271:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4241:Protoalligator
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4199:Dongnanosuchus
4194:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4182:
4175:
4171:Procaimanoidea
4167:
4160:
4152:
4149:Hassiacosuchus
4145:
4138:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4106:Albertochampsa
4101:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4050:
4044:
4041:Alligatoroidea
4039:
4032:
4031:
4028:Alligatoroidea
4026:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4003:Planocraniidae
3999:
3992:
3988:Pristichampsus
3984:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3959:Charactosuchus
3955:
3948:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3890:Trilophosuchus
3886:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3846:Harpacochampsa
3842:
3835:
3831:Australosuchus
3826:
3824:
3814:
3813:
3807:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3722:
3716:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3691:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3661:
3654:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3613:
3562:
3551:
3518:
3465:
3442:
3421:(4): 370–415.
3388:
3351:
3330:(1): 135–142.
3297:
3291:978-0643103177
3290:
3259:
3235:
3193:
3128:
3090:
3042:
3021:(3): 287–298.
2980:
2932:
2925:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2868:
2826:
2823:
2773:Trilophosuchus
2760:Trilophosuchus
2658:Planocraniidae
2646:
2643:
2594:
2593:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2396:Paludirex spp.
2391:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2191:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2028:Trilophosuchus
2005:Australosuchus
1986:Trilophosuchus
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1834:Trilophosuchus
1829:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1432:Australosuchus
1427:
1422:
1420:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1389:Trilophosuchus
1377:DNA sequencing
1361:Trilophosuchus
1337:Trilophosuchus
1325:Trilophosuchus
1297:Trilophosuchus
1288:
1287:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1213:Trilophosuchus
1205:
1202:
1091:M. kalpokensis
1074:
1071:
1038:Trilophosuchus
941:squamosal bone
846:pterygoid bone
835:Albertochampsa
822:palatine bones
764:Trilophosuchus
750:
747:
746:
745:
721:
720:
712:
711:
690:is one of two
684:
683:
675:
674:
667:prime minister
637:
636:
628:
627:
595:
594:
569:
566:
507:Eric Buffetaut
479:
476:
369:
368:
367:
366:
353:
340:
323:
303:
302:
296:
295:
292:
280:
279:
273:
272:
251:
247:
246:
238:
231:
230:
225:
221:
220:
215:
208:
207:
202:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
141:
140:
133:
132:
124:
123:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
56:
39:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6129:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6045:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6027:
6023:
6019:
6014:
6010:
6006:
6001:
5997:
5992:
5986:
5982:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5973:
5965:
5960:
5956:
5952:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5934:
5930:
5926:
5921:
5917:
5912:
5906:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5885:
5880:
5876:
5872:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5841:
5837:
5832:
5826:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5805:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5787:
5783:
5779:
5774:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5746:
5738:
5732:
5728:
5723:
5719:
5715:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5658:
5654:
5649:
5643:
5639:
5634:
5628:
5624:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5606:
5594:
5593:Gryposuchinae
5591:
5589:
5585:
5584:
5581:
5572:
5567:
5540:
5539:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5469:
5463:
5462:
5458:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5425:Rhamphosuchus
5422:
5420:
5419:
5418:Piscogavialis
5415:
5413:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5403:Paratomistoma
5400:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5390:
5389:
5388:Ikanogavialis
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5374:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5351:Gavialosuchus
5348:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5338:
5337:Aktiogavialis
5334:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5306:
5305:
5304:T. taiwanicum
5301:
5298:
5297:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5249:Paratomistoma
5246:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5234:Gavialosuchus
5231:
5228:
5227:
5226:Brasilosuchus
5223:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5213:sensu stricto
5210:
5206:
5200:
5199:
5195:
5194:
5191:
5188:
5185:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5154:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5143:Paratomistoma
5140:
5138:
5137:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5123:
5122:Maroccosuchus
5119:
5117:
5116:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5093:Gunggamarandu
5090:
5088:
5087:
5086:Gavialosuchus
5083:
5081:
5080:
5079:Ferganosuchus
5076:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5055:
5052:
5047:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5017:
5015:
5014:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4969:Tzaganosuchus
4966:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4954:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4922:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4883:Osteolaeminae
4880:
4873:
4872:
4871:Oxysdonsaurus
4868:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4843:
4838:
4831:
4830:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4821:Jiangxisuchus
4818:
4816:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4795:
4793:
4792:
4791:Astorgosuchus
4788:
4786:
4785:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4776:Albertosuchus
4773:
4772:
4769:
4766:
4763:
4762:Crocodyloidea
4758:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4732:
4727:
4697:
4696:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4681:C. gasparinae
4678:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4646:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4617:
4616:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4569:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4544:Kuttanacaiman
4541:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4515:Culebrasuchus
4512:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4485:Brachychampsa
4482:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4436:A. prenasalis
4433:
4431:
4430:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4347:Chrysochampsa
4344:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:Akanthosuchus
4313:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4303:Alligatorinae
4300:
4293:
4292:
4291:Sajkanosuchus
4288:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4275:Lianghusuchus
4272:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4257:Alligatoridae
4253:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4222:
4221:
4220:Jiangxisuchus
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4120:Brachychampsa
4117:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4092:
4089:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:Borealosuchus
3941:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3922:Albertosuchus
3919:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3801:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3631:
3629:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3555:
3552:
3546:
3545:10.26879/1355
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3522:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3469:
3466:
3462:(3): 564–585.
3461:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3412:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2928:
2926:9780909674366
2922:
2918:
2917:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2835:Lapita people
2832:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2808:
2806:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2598:
2595:The range of
2588:
2579:
2568:
2556:
2549:
2548:
2540:
2539:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2498:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2480:
2479:
2471:
2470:
2462:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2443:Quinkana spp.
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2417:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2370:
2369:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2351:
2343:
2342:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2196:"Baru" huberi
2190:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2064:
2058:
2057:Crocodyloidea
2055:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:"Baru" huberi
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2020:"Baru" huberi
2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1990:"Baru" huberi
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1584:
1583:Pallimnarchus
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1467:
1460:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1381:stratigraphic
1378:
1375:, molecular (
1374:
1373:morphological
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1347:(2002) place
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1271:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1136:were bulbous
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:tooth sockets
1119:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1016:axis vertebra
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
894:
889:
887:
886:lacrimal bone
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:alligatoroids
851:
850:quadratojugal
847:
843:
842:
841:Thoracosaurus
837:
836:
831:
827:
823:
819:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:
766:
765:
760:
756:
753:The skull of
748:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
714:
713:
709:
708:Martin Sander
705:
701:
697:
696:Early Miocene
693:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
677:
676:
672:
668:
664:
659:
656:, the age of
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
638:
635:
634:
630:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
612:New Caledonia
609:
605:
601:
597:
596:
593:
592:
588:
587:
583:
579:
574:
567:
565:
563:
559:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
501:
497:
493:
489:
488:New Caledonia
485:
477:
475:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:New Caledonia
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
388:
385:
381:
377:
376:
362:
361:
354:
349:
348:
341:
337:
332:
331:
324:
320:
315:
314:
307:
306:
304:
301:
297:
290:
289:
281:
278:
274:
269:
265:
260:
259:
252:
249:
248:
245:
239:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
151:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
47:
43:
37:
33:
30:
19:
6067:Mekosuchinae
5975:
5895:
5815:
5748:
5617:
5588:Brevirostres
5538:G. papuensis
5536:
5528:
5520:
5512:
5504:
5496:
5490:G. breviceps
5488:
5481:
5471:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5437:
5430:
5423:
5416:
5411:Penghusuchus
5409:
5401:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5349:
5344:Dadagavialis
5342:
5335:
5323:
5302:
5294:
5286:
5278:
5268:
5257:Thecachampsa
5255:
5247:
5242:Melitosaurus
5240:
5232:
5224:
5212:
5209:Tomistominae
5198:Sacacosuchus
5196:
5170:
5163:
5155:
5150:Thecachampsa
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5113:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5025:
5018:
5011:
5006:C. checchiai
5004:
4997:
4987:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4951:
4943:
4932:Crocodylinae
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4869:
4861:
4854:
4842:Crocodylidae
4829:Mekosuchinae
4827:
4819:
4812:
4804:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4774:
4749:Longirostres
4693:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4667:C. australis
4665:
4655:
4643:
4636:
4628:Melanosuchus
4626:
4613:
4606:
4598:
4591:
4584:
4579:Paranasuchus
4577:
4572:Paranacaiman
4570:
4563:
4556:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4528:
4520:
4513:
4506:
4500:Ceratosuchus
4498:
4491:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4441:
4434:
4427:
4420:
4413:
4406:
4401:A. hailensis
4399:
4389:
4376:
4368:
4362:Navajosuchus
4360:
4352:
4345:
4339:Ceratosuchus
4337:
4329:
4322:
4314:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4177:
4169:
4164:Navajosuchus
4162:
4156:Leidyosuchus
4154:
4147:
4140:
4132:
4127:Ceratosuchus
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4074:
4069:Leidyosuchus
4067:
4062:Diplocynodon
4060:
4053:
4001:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3957:
3950:
3942:
3937:Asiatosuchus
3935:
3927:
3920:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3880:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3844:
3837:
3829:
3822:Mekosuchinae
3811:crocodilians
3729:Pseudosuchia
3714:Pseudosuchia
3693:
3689:Pseudosuchia
3684:
3650:crocodilians
3579:
3575:
3565:
3554:
3535:
3531:
3521:
3484:
3478:
3468:
3459:
3455:
3445:
3418:
3414:
3379:. Retrieved
3374:
3370:
3327:
3323:
3280:
3253:
3228:
3171:
3167:
3121:
3076:
3072:
3018:
3014:
2974:
2970:
2915:
2863:
2842:
2838:
2830:
2828:
2818:
2812:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2788:
2784:
2782:
2776:
2772:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2737:Baru wickeni
2735:
2731:
2729:
2720:
2715:
2707:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2694:Snails like
2684:
2670:Mekosuchines
2669:
2661:
2654:Notosuchians
2649:
2648:
2645:Paleobiology
2638:
2624:
2618:
2615:M. kalpokasi
2614:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2596:
2516:Crocodylidae
2514:
2441:
2440:
2421:
2420:
2394:
2393:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2248:
2247:
2221:
2220:
2194:
2193:
2160:
2159:
2135:Kambara spp.
2133:
2132:
2106:
2105:
2094:Mekosuchinae
2069:
2068:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1974:Susisuchidae
1968:
1966:
1945:Longirostres
1943:
1852:
1851:
1832:
1831:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1778:
1777:
1742:
1741:
1725:
1664:
1663:
1646:Baru darrowi
1644:
1643:
1619:Baru wickeni
1617:
1616:
1581:
1580:
1561:
1560:
1520:
1519:
1484:
1483:
1464:
1463:
1430:
1429:
1418:Mekosuchinae
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1198:M. kalpokasi
1197:
1193:
1190:M. kalpokasi
1189:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1149:Bernissartia
1147:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1126:M. kalpokasi
1125:
1117:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1067:biomechanics
1062:
1060:
1049:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1011:
1007:
995:
987:
983:
981:
976:
964:
952:
948:
936:
932:
928:
925:M. kalpokasi
924:
920:
916:
910:
906:M. kalpokasi
905:
902:M. kalpokasi
901:
897:
892:
890:
839:
833:
817:
815:
809:
805:
801:
797:
786:
782:
778:
775:notosuchians
768:
762:
758:
754:
752:
740:
736:
732:
724:
716:
715:
691:
687:
679:
678:
662:
658:M. kalpokasi
657:
653:
642:M. kalpokasi
641:
633:M. kalpokasi
632:
631:
619:
603:
600:type species
590:
589:
581:
577:
562:Grande Terre
553:
551:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
496:Grande Terre
492:Pindai Caves
483:
481:
458:
450:
436:
431:
426:in mainland
415:
414:
410:M. kalpokasi
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
387:Australasian
374:
373:
372:
364:Willis, 1997
359:
358:
351:Willis, 2001
346:
345:
335:
330:M. kalpokasi
329:
328:
312:
311:
287:
286:
277:Type species
257:
256:
244:Mekosuchinae
234:
211:
198:
136:
35:
29:
5866:iNaturalist
5683:iNaturalist
5642:Wikispecies
5514:G. leptodus
5366:Hanyusuchus
5359:Gryposuchus
5288:T. gaudense
5157:Tienosuchus
5136:Ocepesuchus
5100:Kentisuchus
5072:Dollosuchus
5051:Gavialoidea
4593:Purussaurus
4586:Protocaiman
4558:Necrosuchus
4551:Mourasuchus
4537:Gnatusuchus
4478:Bottosaurus
4443:A. thomsoni
4422:A. munensis
4415:A. mefferdi
4331:Arambourgia
4267:Balanerodus
4227:Krabisuchus
4206:Eoalligator
4134:Deinosuchus
4113:Arambourgia
4055:Deinosuchus
3929:Arenysuchus
3897:Ultrastenos
3854:Kalthifrons
3381:23 February
3079:: 423–438.
2790:Placostylus
2743:Ultrastenos
2666:Paul Willis
2630:salt glands
2036:Ultrastenos
1744:Baru huberi
1563:Kalthifrons
1365:Mekosuchini
1245:Paleosuchus
1239:Osteolaemus
1138:molariforms
874:eye sockets
858:crocodylids
856:but not by
770:Osteolaemus
749:Description
737:M. sandersi
606:, from the
580:(A, C) and
576:Remains of
482:Fossils of
463:crustaceans
441:islands of
390:mekosuchine
6061:Categories
5991:Q117466756
5911:Q117466737
5648:Mekosuchus
5618:Mekosuchus
5586:See also:
5324:sensu lato
5320:Gavialinae
5184:Gavialidae
4989:Crocodylus
4913:Rimasuchus
4906:Euthecodon
4892:Brochuchus
4638:M. fisheri
4471:Acresuchus
4458:Caimaninae
4408:A. mcgrewi
4088:Globidonta
3868:Mekosuchus
3777:see below↓
3768:Crocodilia
3680:Sauropsida
3174:(3): 632.
2887:References
2839:Mekosuchus
2831:Mekosuchus
2825:Extinction
2795:Mekosuchus
2780:material.
2777:Mekosuchus
2725:archosaurs
2716:Mekosuchus
2712:death roll
2662:Mekosuchus
2650:Mekosuchus
2639:Mekosuchus
2607:Mekosuchus
2597:Mekosuchus
2032:Mekosuchus
2016:Mekosuchus
1978:Mekosuchus
1807:Mekosuchus
1397:Mekosuchus
1369:tip dating
1349:Mekosuchus
1333:Mekosuchus
1321:Mekosuchus
1316:Mekosuchus
1312:Mekosuchus
1302:Mekosuchus
1254:Mekosuchus
1221:Mekosuchus
1217:Mekosuchus
1209:Mekosuchus
1194:M. sanderi
1186:M. sanderi
1170:Mekosuchus
1159:Crocodylus
1118:M. sanderi
1095:M. sanderi
1079:Mekosuchus
1021:Mekosuchus
1008:Mekosuchus
977:Mekosuchus
973:surangular
967:, and the
937:M. sanderi
917:M. sanderi
893:Mekosuchus
870:nasal bone
798:Mekosuchus
779:Mekosuchus
759:Mekosuchus
755:Mekosuchus
700:Queensland
692:Mekosuchus
688:M. sanderi
680:M. sanderi
578:M. sanderi
554:Mekosuchus
531:Mekosuchus
523:Queensland
484:Mekosuchus
451:Mekosuchus
416:Mekosuchus
406:M. sanderi
394:Mekosuchus
375:Mekosuchus
347:M. sanderi
258:Mekosuchus
228:Crocodilia
36:Mekosuchus
5522:G. lewisi
5498:G. browni
5270:Tomistoma
4608:Tsoabichi
4429:A. olseni
4391:Alligator
3875:Paludirex
3756:Neosuchia
3741:Neosuchia
3666:Kingdom:
3582:: e9349.
3437:258878554
3085:0079-8835
2848:invasives
2769:sympatric
2423:Baru spp.
1367:. A 2018
1260:Phylogeny
1165:Alligator
1073:Dentition
1056:calcaneus
992:vertebrae
729:Oligocene
584:(B, D, E)
560:name for
515:eusuchian
471:nocturnal
428:Australia
420:Oligocene
268:Buffetaut
168:Kingdom:
162:Eukaryota
139:mandible
42:Oligocene
6005:42335020
5985:Wikidata
5925:47446641
5905:Wikidata
5845:42335021
5831:Q1918871
5825:Wikidata
5778:47446640
5758:Wikidata
5662:10567716
5627:Wikidata
5473:Gavialis
4961:Quinkana
4522:Eocaiman
4142:Eocaiman
3882:Quinkana
3698:Eusuchia
3674:Chordata
3672:Phylum:
3668:Animalia
3648:Extinct
3608:32587803
3513:30051855
3487:(1881).
3346:55424466
3188:86065169
3037:84580859
2870:See also
1994:Quinkana
1854:Quinkana
1393:Quinkana
1353:Quinkana
1341:Quinkana
1329:Quinkana
1178:overbite
957:splenial
608:Holocene
525:. Named
500:holotype
467:molluscs
455:Holocene
192:Reptilia
182:Chordata
178:Phylum:
172:Animalia
158:Domain:
46:Holocene
6031:6150057
6018:8480692
5951:7657696
5938:9291500
5858:8690305
5791:7962547
5764:Q371172
5737:4561965
5714:4129516
5701:1225541
5675:4822520
5633:Q604542
4953:Kinyang
4920:Kinyang
3861:Kambara
3678:Class:
3599:7301899
3504:6030529
2634:drifted
1999:Kambara
1669:Alcoota
1395:, with
1379:), and
1339:, with
969:angular
878:maxilla
830:choanae
650:Vanuatu
568:Species
503:dentary
474:found.
447:Vanuatu
439:Pacific
424:Miocene
384:extinct
300:Species
264:Balouet
250:Genus:
224:Order:
188:Class:
6044:266021
5964:346456
5884:266218
5871:631788
5804:346455
5734:uBio:
5727:157972
5688:631792
4657:Caiman
3914:Others
3606:
3596:
3511:
3501:
3435:
3344:
3288:
3186:
3168:Copeia
3083:
3035:
2923:
1969:et al.
1385:fossil
1345:et al.
872:. The
810:et al.
744:found.
338:, 2002
336:et al.
270:, 1987
266:&
5696:IRMNG
3904:Volia
3809:Basal
3694:Clade
3685:Clade
3576:PeerJ
3538:(1).
3433:S2CID
3342:S2CID
3184:S2CID
3164:(PDF)
3033:S2CID
2850:like
2620:Volia
2024:Volia
1982:Volia
1780:Volia
1401:Volia
1357:Volia
1291:Volia
1044:Volia
915:. In
882:jugal
866:nares
812:2007.
646:Éfaté
558:Drehu
380:genus
378:is a
334:Mead
235:Clade
212:Clade
199:Clade
6013:GBIF
5933:GBIF
5853:GBIF
5786:GBIF
5670:GBIF
4977:Voay
3839:Baru
3754:see
3727:see
3604:PMID
3509:PMID
3383:2021
3286:ISBN
3081:ISSN
2921:ISBN
2856:rats
2854:and
2852:pigs
2758:and
2752:Baru
2617:and
2038:and
2030:and
2002:and
1984:and
1666:Baru
1335:and
1327:and
1294:and
1242:and
1204:Size
1188:and
1093:and
1041:and
986:and
971:and
927:and
919:and
884:and
838:and
465:and
445:and
422:and
408:and
319:type
59:PreꞒ
6000:EoL
5920:EoL
5840:EoL
5773:EoL
5657:EoL
3594:PMC
3584:doi
3540:doi
3499:PMC
3489:doi
3485:285
3423:doi
3377:(1)
3332:doi
3176:doi
3023:doi
2809:or
994:of
648:of
610:of
521:in
382:of
6063::
6041::
6028::
6015::
6002::
5987::
5961::
5948::
5935::
5922::
5907::
5881::
5868::
5855::
5842::
5827::
5801::
5788::
5775::
5760::
5724::
5711::
5698::
5685::
5672::
5659::
5644::
5629::
3696::
3687::
3602:.
3592:.
3578:.
3574:.
3536:27
3534:.
3530:.
3507:.
3497:.
3483:.
3477:.
3460:41
3458:.
3454:.
3431:.
3419:47
3417:.
3413:.
3391:^
3373:.
3369:.
3354:^
3340:.
3328:61
3326:.
3322:.
3300:^
3262:^
3238:^
3196:^
3182:.
3170:.
3166:.
3131:^
3093:^
3077:41
3075:.
3071:.
3045:^
3031:.
3019:30
3017:.
3013:.
2983:^
2973:.
2969:.
2935:^
2895:^
2858:,
2754:,
2623:.
2613:,
2042:.
2026:,
2022:,
1351:,
1146:,
979:.
800:,
624:BP
614:.
602:,
404:,
400:,
237::
214::
201::
109:Pg
53:Ma
48:,
44:–
5541:?
5533:?
5525:?
5517:?
5509:?
5501:?
5493:?
5442:?
5406:?
5398:?
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5354:?
5307:?
5299:?
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5283:?
5260:?
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5237:?
5229:?
5160:?
5110:?
4972:?
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4956:?
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4503:?
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4319:?
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3991:?
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3834:?
3641:e
3634:t
3627:v
3610:.
3586::
3580:8
3548:.
3542::
3515:.
3491::
3439:.
3425::
3385:.
3375:1
3348:.
3334::
3294:.
3190:.
3178::
3172:2
3087:.
3039:.
3025::
2975:2
2929:.
2815:)
2807:)
2702:.
2447:†
2427:†
2400:†
2328:†
2308:†
2281:†
2254:†
2227:†
2200:†
2166:†
2139:†
2112:†
2075:†
1858:†
1838:†
1811:†
1784:†
1748:†
1728:†
1671:†
1650:†
1623:†
1587:†
1567:†
1526:†
1490:†
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1383:(
1304:.
1108:.
356:†
343:†
326:†
321:)
309:†
284:†
254:†
241:†
114:N
104:K
99:J
94:T
89:P
84:C
79:D
74:S
69:O
64:Ꞓ
20:)
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