357:
In 1964, Halkbank embarked upon an ambitious program in which its capital was increased and established a nationwide network of branches. Halkbank absorbed several smaller-sized failed state banks in the 1990s and early 2000s: Töbank in 1992, Sümerbank in 1993, Etibank in 1998 and
Emlakbank in 2001. One of the major turning points for Halkbank has been the acquisition of Pamukbank in 2004. After this, it underwent a significant restructuring process to prepare for privatization. On 10 May 2007, 24.98% of Halkbank's shares were sold in a public offering and listed on Istanbul Stock Exchange. On 16 November 2012, the percentage of listed shares increased to 48.9%. Halkbank's head office was moved from Ankara to Istanbul in June 2015. On 24 February 2017, publicly-owned shares of Halkbank were transferred to
348:. After growing throughout much of the twentieth century, it began absorbing smaller-sized state banks around the turn of the millennium. Halkbank is now a publicly traded company, although the majority stakeholder remains the Turkish government. Halkbank is a bank that offers vehicle loans, housing loans, consumer loans and commercial loans. A number of scandals and controversies involving the bank emerged in the 2010s, some of which culminated in arrests of its executives.
435:. Police reportedly discovered shoeboxes containing US$ 4.5 million in the home of Aslan. Scores of police officials have reportedly been dismissed because their investigations made politicians uncomfortable. The chain of police command was changed so that politicians would be informed of, and could frustrate, police activities. This caused an injunction to be heard in the court system, who blocked the change. A prosecutor was dismissed.
591:
564:, and terminate investigations of other suspected conspirators. Berman replied that this was unethical. After struggling with the legal technicalities of firing Berman, Barr announced on 19 June 2020, that Berman was "stepping down from his position" but also struggled to find a replacement on such short notice; for his part, Berman insisted that he had not resigned, and declined to leave office until his deputy
1231:
488:, the prosecution of Atilla and others has "sent tremors" through Turkish political circles. Erdoğan has sought, unsuccessfully, to persuade American officials to drop the case, and the state media has been downplaying coverage of the trial. Zarrab testified that the sanctions-evasion operation had Erdoğan's knowledge and approval, as well as that of Erdoğan's son-in-law, Selçuk Erdoğan.
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in August 2012 alone. In defending its decision not to enforce its own sanctions, the Obama administration insisted that Turkey only transferred gold to private
Iranian citizens. The administration argued that, as a result, this wasn't an explicit violation of its executive order. Iranian Ambassador
393:
agreement, to have purchased some $ 13bn worth of gold on the open market. The sanctions prevented Iran from being paid in dollars or euros, but gold was never mentioned in the sanctions regime, and therefore this loophole allowed gold to be used to fund the purchase of
Iranian petroleum products.
356:
Halkbank was incorporated in 1933 and began offering services in 1938. Between 1938 and 1950, it was a credit union whose purpose was to provide tradesmen and artisans loans on favourable terms to promote economic growth in Turkey. In 1950, it began opening branches and granting loans to customers.
495:
was the prime prosecution witness in the seven days of trial testimony. Atilla's sentencing is scheduled for April 2018 and the bank fraud count alone carries a maximum sentence of 30 years in prison. Seven other co-defendants are still at large. In August 2018, Turkey and the United States were
560:, to shut down the investigation, Berman and the SDNY office continued their investigation, believing that their case was strong. In June 2019, Barr summoned Berman to his office in Washington to push Berman to drop charges against the defendants, including Turkey's former economy minister,
500:
and neared an exchange which would have allowed Atilla to serve out his term "at home". But the
Turkish foreign minister, per one report citing other reports, asked American officials "to kill any investigation into Halkbank". After that, for the time, "the deal collapsed".
481:
and the arrest of Atilla and that both cases would proceed in conformity with the law. Atilla's trial commenced in New York City federal court in
November 2017, with Zarrab agreeing to testify after reaching a plea deal with prosecutors. According to
403:
recently praised
Halkbank for its "smart management decisions in recent years have played an important role in Iranian-Turkish relations." Halkbank stated that there were no sanctions against trading precious metals with Iran until 1 July 2013.
394:
Halkbank allowed the middlemen of Iran to buy gold with their
Turkish lira, and that gold found its way back to Iranian coffers. One investigation found that US$ 2bn in gold bullion (about 36 tonnes) was flown from Turkey to
699:
1067:"Former Turkish Minister Of The Economy, Former General Manager Of Turkish Government-Owned Bank, And Two Other Individuals Charged With Conspiring To Evade U.S. Sanctions Against Iran And Other Offenses"
411:
accounts that in 2013 traded with Iran: "India now owes Iran $ 5.3 billion in oil debt. India is planning to pay Iran $ 1 billion per month – that is $ 12 billion annually – also through
Halkbank."
457:, is worried: "ecent changes in the police forces and public prosecutors breaking out this scandal as well as the changes in the regulation of the police forces leave a number of question marks."
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1219:
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In early 2018, Atilla was convicted on five of six counts against him, including bank fraud and conspiracies, and acquitted on one count after four days of jury deliberation.
815:
556:, notified Berman's office, that it would become more involved in the Halkbank investigation. Despite pressure from acting-Attorney General Whitaker and his successor,
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In March 2017, deputy head of the bank Mehmet Hakan Atilla was arrested by the U.S. government for conspiring to evade sanctions against Iran by helping
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petroleum interests in the wake of U.S.-led nuclear sanctions. In March 2012, Iran was stopped from using the international money transfer system
1197:
469:"use U.S. financial institutions to engage in prohibited financial transactions that illegally funneled millions of dollars to Iran". Zarrab was
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of the United States ruled that the
Turkish bank can be prosecuted in U.S. court for its role in a conspiracy to evade Iran sanctions and the
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540:. In late 2018, President Erdoğan personally lobbied President Trump to drop further investigations into Halkbank, once in person during the
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1069:, Department of Justice U.S. Attorney's Office Southern District of New York, 6 September 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
389:. Halkbank seems, between March 2012 and July 2013 while the UN sanctions regime was in place prior to the November 2013
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541:
548:, a first-hand witness of both events, Trump then agreed to have the investigations dropped. On 14 December 2018, the
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1140:"The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: Prosecuting Foreign States After the Supreme Court's Decision in Halkbank"
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The arrest, which came along with many other arrests of officials allied with then-Prime
Minister
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919:"Turkish Banker Arrested For Conspiring To Evade U.S. Sanctions Against Iran And Other Offenses"
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in Miami, Florida, in March 2016. In Ankara in March 2017, U.S. Secretary of State
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899:"What Tillerson's meeting in Turkey reveals about Trump's America First (opinion)"
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841:"Erdogan blames 'international groups' for corruption scandal that rocks Turkey"
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431:, an Iranian-Azeri businessman who had taken Turkish citizenship under the name
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568:, who planned to continue the investigation into Halkbank, had been installed.
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544:(1 November 2018), and once on a phone call (14 December 2018); according to
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1050:"Banker From Turkey Is Convicted in U.S. Over Plot to Evade Iran Sanctions"
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965:"Gold trader Zarrab will be star witness in Iran sanction-busting trial"
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816:"Turkey's PM warns he could expel ambassadors over graft probe arrests"
700:"Halkbank, Ziraat Bankası ve Vakıfbank kredi faiz oranlarını yeniledi!"
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said there was no link between the Turkish request for extradition of
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This article is about the Turkish bank. For the Turkmen bank, see
1096:"Mnuchin Asked by Top Senate Democrat to Detail Turkey Dealings"
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1201:
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870:"Enigmatic Turkish cleric poses challenge to Erdogan's might"
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did fire Bharara in 2017, and eventually replaced him with
1079:"Turkey’s diplomatic crisis is hastening an economic one"
1016:"Turkish Bank Case Showed Erdogan's Influence With Trump"
312:
1113:
Swan, Betsy Woodruff; Mejdrich, Kellie (24 June 2020).
980:"Reza Zarrab Testifies That He Bribed Turkish Minister"
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648:
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Connection to the Geoffrey Berman-William Barr scandal
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negotiating over the imprisonment by Turkey of pastor
532:. Following continued lobbying by President Erdoğan,
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In 2016, President Erdoğan asked then-Vice-President
344:) is a Turkish bank, first incorporated in 1933 as a
766:"Turkey's politicians, gold dealer and the pop star"
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1048:Weiser, Benjamin; Gall, Carlotta (3 January 2018).
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U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York
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1014:Lipton, Eric; Weiser, Benjamin (29 October 2020).
579:does not give immunity from criminal prosecution.
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1115:"How William Barr's Manhattan transfer went awry"
1102:. 24 October 2019 – via www.bloomberg.com.
1967:Companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange
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8:
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381:Halkbank was a link in the chain to finance
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945:"Iran's Turkish connection – Golden squeal"
734:"All that glitters is not enriched uranium"
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111:Finanskent Mah, Finans Cd No: 42/1, 34760,
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1085:, 9 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
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453:Oya Özarslan, of the corruption watchdog
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1992:Turkish companies established in 1938
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978:Weiser, Benjamin (29 November 2017).
423:was arrested and charged with taking
7:
897:Stafford, Edward G. (6 April 2017).
764:Johnson, Glen, and Richard Spencer,
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672:
868:Humeyra Pamuk (16 December 2013).
698:Gazete, Banka (26 November 2021).
368:Halkbank's former headquarters in
25:
1336:Eczacıbaşı Investment Partnership
801:Sunday's Zaman, 27 December 2013.
610:2013 corruption scandal in Turkey
419:In December 2013, Halkbank's CEO
1987:Government-owned banks of Turkey
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577:Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
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377:Iranian oil trading controversy
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1331:Eczacıbaşı Investment Holding
967:. NBC News. 28 November 2017.
931:Southern District of New York
415:2013 corruption investigation
1901:Milli Aydın Bank (Tarişbank)
1326:Eczacıbaşı Building Products
461:U.S. conviction of executive
849:. Reuters. 21 December 2013
664:Halkbank Annual Report 2019
649:Halkbank Annual Report 2019
632:Halkbank Annual Report 2019
542:G20 meeting in Buenos Aires
508:launched an investigation.
95:; 91 years ago
2008:
791:"Iran's Turkish gold rush"
528:who would go on to indict
455:Transparency International
29:
1977:Banks established in 1938
1972:Companies in the BIST 100
1962:Companies based in Ankara
1942:: Global branch page
1929:
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263:457.0 billion (2019)
44:
797:30 December 2013 at the
708:https://gazetebanka.com/
688:Retrieved 12 April 2020.
283:32.2 billion (2019)
203:13.4 billion (2019)
605:List of banks in Turkey
243:1.7 billion (2019)
223:2.0 billion (2019)
32:Halkbank (Turkmenistan)
927:U.S. Attorney's Office
504:In 2019, U.S. senator
373:
1921:Tütünbank (Yaşarbank)
923:Department of Justice
684:12 April 2020 at the
562:Mehmet Zafer Caglayan
550:Department of Justice
367:
149:Süleyman Recep Özdil
1691:Türk Ekonomi Bankası
1645:Birleşik Fon Bankası
1481:TAV Airports Holding
1185:at Wikimedia Commons
814:(21 December 2013).
440:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
427:from, among others,
1876:Anadolu Bank (1961)
774:, 29 December 2013.
771:The Daily Telegraph
740:, 21 November 2013.
714:on 26 November 2022
679:"Halkbank In Brief"
444:President of Turkey
299:Number of employees
132:Number of locations
41:
18:Mehmet Hakan Atilla
1159:Annual Report 2019
1054:The New York Times
1020:The New York Times
984:The New York Times
846:The Jerusalem Post
485:The New York Times
407:Halkbank also had
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359:Turkey Wealth Fund
292:Turkey Wealth Fund
178:investment banking
166:Financial services
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1597:Banking in Turkey
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1506:Türk Ekonomi Bank
1421:Koza İpek Holding
1181:Media related to
552:, then headed by
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174:corporate banking
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16:(Redirected from
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1886:Emlak Kredi Bank
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933:. 28 March 2017.
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401:Ali Reza Bikdeli
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1271:Alarko Holding
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1171:External links
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953:. 9 June 2016.
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1867:
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1850:Albaraka Türk
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1830:Vakıf Katılım
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1816:Participation
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1386:İhlas Holding
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1321:Doğan Holding
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1306:Bursa Çimento
1304:
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1281:Anadolu Isuzu
1279:
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1238:companies of
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573:Supreme Court
571:In 2023, the
569:
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531:
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522:Preet Bharara
519:
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475:Rex Tillerson
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339:People's Bank
327:
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303:18,967 (2019)
302:
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154:Osman Arslan
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58:Anonim Şirket
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
1939:
1933: Under
1772:
1765:
1746:Garanti BBVA
1733:
1716:
1686:Turkish Bank
1624:
1603:Central Bank
1601:
1595:
1511:Türk Telekom
1456:Petrol Ofisi
1375:
1366:Garanti BBVA
1158:
1134:
1122:. Retrieved
1119:Politico PRO
1118:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1082:
1074:
1062:
1053:
1043:
1031:. Retrieved
1019:
983:
973:
959:
948:
939:
913:
902:
877:. Retrieved
863:
851:. Retrieved
844:
835:
823:. Retrieved
819:
806:
769:
737:
728:
716:. Retrieved
712:the original
703:
693:
666:, p. 4.
634:, p. 5.
597:Banks portal
570:
558:William Barr
534:Donald Trump
515:
503:
490:
483:
464:
452:
437:
418:
406:
380:
355:
325:
324:
270:Total equity
250:Total assets
108:Headquarters
54:Company type
36:
27:Turkish bank
1854:Kuveyt Türk
1756:ICBC Turkey
1718:Burgan Bank
1666:Anadolubank
1635:Ziraat Bank
1416:Koç Holding
1381:ICBC Turkey
1361:Ford Otosan
879:22 December
853:22 December
825:22 December
718:26 November
704:Gazetebanka
546:John Bolton
429:Reza Zarrab
1956:Categories
1788:Investment
1696:Yapı Kredi
1611:Commercial
1536:Yapı Kredi
1426:Koza Altın
1401:Kale Kalıp
1396:İş Yatırım
1356:Finansbank
1124:1 November
1033:1 November
706:. p.
616:References
520:to remove
399:to Turkey
230:Net income
151:(Chairman)
145:Key people
1767:MUFG Bank
1729:DenizBank
1681:Şekerbank
1676:Fibabanka
1630:VakıfBank
1526:VakıfBank
1466:Şekerbank
1316:DenizBank
1183:Halk Bank
1028:0362-4331
518:Joe Biden
506:Ron Wyden
66:Traded as
1774:Rabobank
1724:Citibank
1625:Halkbank
1496:Turkcell
1406:Kardemir
1376:Halkbank
1256:Acıbadem
1236:BIST 100
904:The Hill
795:Archived
682:Archived
583:See also
471:arrested
326:Halkbank
313:halkbank
162:Products
118:Istanbul
114:Ataşehir
82:Industry
40:Halkbank
1906:Raybank
1881:Egebank
1869:Defunct
1843:Private
1705:Foreign
1654:Private
1640:Adabank
1471:Şişecam
1351:Erdemir
1296:Aselsan
1291:Arçelik
1151:Sources
874:Reuters
383:Iranian
352:History
333:
308:Website
192:Revenue
98: (
90:Founded
85:Banking
1940:italic
1911:Töbank
1891:Esbank
1824:Public
1802:İlbank
1795:Public
1671:İşbank
1661:Akbank
1618:Public
1587:Turkey
1531:Vestel
1501:Tüpraş
1486:Tekfen
1451:Petkim
1441:Otokar
1436:Migros
1411:Karsan
1391:İşbank
1371:Goldaş
1261:Akbank
1240:Turkey
1026:
530:Zarrab
524:, the
493:Zarrab
467:Zarrab
433:Sarraf
425:bribes
409:Indian
370:Ankara
138:(2019)
136:1,006
124:Turkey
1583:Banks
1521:Ülker
1491:Tofaş
1476:Taraf
1301:Aygaz
1163:(PDF)
479:Gülen
442:(now
396:Dubai
387:SWIFT
288:Owner
156:(CEO)
76:HALKB
1935:TMSF
1751:HSBC
1431:Logo
1346:EÜAŞ
1341:Enka
1266:Aksa
1126:2020
1035:2020
1024:ISSN
881:2013
855:2013
827:2013
720:2021
391:P5+1
330:lit.
315:.com
100:1933
93:1933
72:BİST
1761:ING
1585:of
812:AFP
317:.tr
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