346:
In 1964, Halkbank embarked upon an ambitious program in which its capital was increased and established a nationwide network of branches. Halkbank absorbed several smaller-sized failed state banks in the 1990s and early 2000s: Töbank in 1992, Sümerbank in 1993, Etibank in 1998 and
Emlakbank in 2001. One of the major turning points for Halkbank has been the acquisition of Pamukbank in 2004. After this, it underwent a significant restructuring process to prepare for privatization. On 10 May 2007, 24.98% of Halkbank's shares were sold in a public offering and listed on Istanbul Stock Exchange. On 16 November 2012, the percentage of listed shares increased to 48.9%. Halkbank's head office was moved from Ankara to Istanbul in June 2015. On 24 February 2017, publicly-owned shares of Halkbank were transferred to
337:. After growing throughout much of the twentieth century, it began absorbing smaller-sized state banks around the turn of the millennium. Halkbank is now a publicly traded company, although the majority stakeholder remains the Turkish government. Halkbank is a bank that offers vehicle loans, housing loans, consumer loans and commercial loans. A number of scandals and controversies involving the bank emerged in the 2010s, some of which culminated in arrests of its executives.
424:. Police reportedly discovered shoeboxes containing US$ 4.5 million in the home of Aslan. Scores of police officials have reportedly been dismissed because their investigations made politicians uncomfortable. The chain of police command was changed so that politicians would be informed of, and could frustrate, police activities. This caused an injunction to be heard in the court system, who blocked the change. A prosecutor was dismissed.
580:
553:, and terminate investigations of other suspected conspirators. Berman replied that this was unethical. After struggling with the legal technicalities of firing Berman, Barr announced on 19 June 2020, that Berman was "stepping down from his position" but also struggled to find a replacement on such short notice; for his part, Berman insisted that he had not resigned, and declined to leave office until his deputy
1220:
477:, the prosecution of Atilla and others has "sent tremors" through Turkish political circles. Erdoğan has sought, unsuccessfully, to persuade American officials to drop the case, and the state media has been downplaying coverage of the trial. Zarrab testified that the sanctions-evasion operation had Erdoğan's knowledge and approval, as well as that of Erdoğan's son-in-law, Selçuk Erdoğan.
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in August 2012 alone. In defending its decision not to enforce its own sanctions, the Obama administration insisted that Turkey only transferred gold to private
Iranian citizens. The administration argued that, as a result, this wasn't an explicit violation of its executive order. Iranian Ambassador
382:
agreement, to have purchased some $ 13bn worth of gold on the open market. The sanctions prevented Iran from being paid in dollars or euros, but gold was never mentioned in the sanctions regime, and therefore this loophole allowed gold to be used to fund the purchase of
Iranian petroleum products.
345:
Halkbank was incorporated in 1933 and began offering services in 1938. Between 1938 and 1950, it was a credit union whose purpose was to provide tradesmen and artisans loans on favourable terms to promote economic growth in Turkey. In 1950, it began opening branches and granting loans to customers.
484:
was the prime prosecution witness in the seven days of trial testimony. Atilla's sentencing is scheduled for April 2018 and the bank fraud count alone carries a maximum sentence of 30 years in prison. Seven other co-defendants are still at large. In August 2018, Turkey and the United States were
549:, to shut down the investigation, Berman and the SDNY office continued their investigation, believing that their case was strong. In June 2019, Barr summoned Berman to his office in Washington to push Berman to drop charges against the defendants, including Turkey's former economy minister,
489:
and neared an exchange which would have allowed Atilla to serve out his term "at home". But the
Turkish foreign minister, per one report citing other reports, asked American officials "to kill any investigation into Halkbank". After that, for the time, "the deal collapsed".
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and the arrest of Atilla and that both cases would proceed in conformity with the law. Atilla's trial commenced in New York City federal court in
November 2017, with Zarrab agreeing to testify after reaching a plea deal with prosecutors. According to
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recently praised
Halkbank for its "smart management decisions in recent years have played an important role in Iranian-Turkish relations." Halkbank stated that there were no sanctions against trading precious metals with Iran until 1 July 2013.
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Halkbank allowed the middlemen of Iran to buy gold with their
Turkish lira, and that gold found its way back to Iranian coffers. One investigation found that US$ 2bn in gold bullion (about 36 tonnes) was flown from Turkey to
688:
1056:"Former Turkish Minister Of The Economy, Former General Manager Of Turkish Government-Owned Bank, And Two Other Individuals Charged With Conspiring To Evade U.S. Sanctions Against Iran And Other Offenses"
400:
accounts that in 2013 traded with Iran: "India now owes Iran $ 5.3 billion in oil debt. India is planning to pay Iran $ 1 billion per month – that is $ 12 billion annually – also through
Halkbank."
446:, is worried: "ecent changes in the police forces and public prosecutors breaking out this scandal as well as the changes in the regulation of the police forces leave a number of question marks."
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In early 2018, Atilla was convicted on five of six counts against him, including bank fraud and conspiracies, and acquitted on one count after four days of jury deliberation.
804:
545:, notified Berman's office, that it would become more involved in the Halkbank investigation. Despite pressure from acting-Attorney General Whitaker and his successor,
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In March 2017, deputy head of the bank Mehmet Hakan Atilla was arrested by the U.S. government for conspiring to evade sanctions against Iran by helping
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petroleum interests in the wake of U.S.-led nuclear sanctions. In March 2012, Iran was stopped from using the international money transfer system
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458:"use U.S. financial institutions to engage in prohibited financial transactions that illegally funneled millions of dollars to Iran". Zarrab was
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of the United States ruled that the
Turkish bank can be prosecuted in U.S. court for its role in a conspiracy to evade Iran sanctions and the
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529:. In late 2018, President Erdoğan personally lobbied President Trump to drop further investigations into Halkbank, once in person during the
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1058:, Department of Justice U.S. Attorney's Office Southern District of New York, 6 September 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
378:. Halkbank seems, between March 2012 and July 2013 while the UN sanctions regime was in place prior to the November 2013
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537:, a first-hand witness of both events, Trump then agreed to have the investigations dropped. On 14 December 2018, the
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1129:"The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act: Prosecuting Foreign States After the Supreme Court's Decision in Halkbank"
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The arrest, which came along with many other arrests of officials allied with then-Prime
Minister
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908:"Turkish Banker Arrested For Conspiring To Evade U.S. Sanctions Against Iran And Other Offenses"
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in Miami, Florida, in March 2016. In Ankara in March 2017, U.S. Secretary of State
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888:"What Tillerson's meeting in Turkey reveals about Trump's America First (opinion)"
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830:"Erdogan blames 'international groups' for corruption scandal that rocks Turkey"
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557:, who planned to continue the investigation into Halkbank, had been installed.
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533:(1 November 2018), and once on a phone call (14 December 2018); according to
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1039:"Banker From Turkey Is Convicted in U.S. Over Plot to Evade Iran Sanctions"
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805:"Turkey's PM warns he could expel ambassadors over graft probe arrests"
689:"Halkbank, Ziraat Bankası ve Vakıfbank kredi faiz oranlarını yeniledi!"
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said there was no link between the Turkish request for extradition of
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This article is about the Turkish bank. For the Turkmen bank, see
1085:"Mnuchin Asked by Top Senate Democrat to Detail Turkey Dealings"
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859:"Enigmatic Turkish cleric poses challenge to Erdogan's might"
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did fire Bharara in 2017, and eventually replaced him with
1068:"Turkey’s diplomatic crisis is hastening an economic one"
1005:"Turkish Bank Case Showed Erdogan's Influence With Trump"
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1102:
Swan, Betsy Woodruff; Mejdrich, Kellie (24 June 2020).
969:"Reza Zarrab Testifies That He Bribed Turkish Minister"
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637:
620:
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Connection to the Geoffrey Berman-William Barr scandal
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negotiating over the imprisonment by Turkey of pastor
521:. Following continued lobbying by President Erdoğan,
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In 2016, President Erdoğan asked then-Vice-President
333:) is a Turkish bank, first incorporated in 1933 as a
755:"Turkey's politicians, gold dealer and the pop star"
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U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York
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568:does not give immunity from criminal prosecution.
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1104:"How William Barr's Manhattan transfer went awry"
1091:. 24 October 2019 – via www.bloomberg.com.
1956:Companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange
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370:Halkbank was a link in the chain to finance
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934:"Iran's Turkish connection – Golden squeal"
723:"All that glitters is not enriched uranium"
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100:Finanskent Mah, Finans Cd No: 42/1, 34760,
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1074:, 9 August 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
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1981:Turkish companies established in 1938
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967:Weiser, Benjamin (29 November 2017).
412:was arrested and charged with taking
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886:Stafford, Edward G. (6 April 2017).
753:Johnson, Glen, and Richard Spencer,
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857:Humeyra Pamuk (16 December 2013).
687:Gazete, Banka (26 November 2021).
357:Halkbank's former headquarters in
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1325:Eczacıbaşı Investment Partnership
790:Sunday's Zaman, 27 December 2013.
599:2013 corruption scandal in Turkey
408:In December 2013, Halkbank's CEO
1976:Government-owned banks of Turkey
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566:Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act
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366:Iranian oil trading controversy
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1320:Eczacıbaşı Investment Holding
956:. NBC News. 28 November 2017.
920:Southern District of New York
404:2013 corruption investigation
1890:Milli Aydın Bank (Tarişbank)
1315:Eczacıbaşı Building Products
450:U.S. conviction of executive
838:. Reuters. 21 December 2013
653:Halkbank Annual Report 2019
638:Halkbank Annual Report 2019
621:Halkbank Annual Report 2019
531:G20 meeting in Buenos Aires
497:launched an investigation.
84:; 91 years ago
1997:
780:"Iran's Turkish gold rush"
517:who would go on to indict
444:Transparency International
18:
1966:Banks established in 1938
1961:Companies in the BIST 100
1951:Companies based in Ankara
1931:: Global branch page
1918:
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252:457.0 billion (2019)
33:
786:30 December 2013 at the
697:https://gazetebanka.com/
677:Retrieved 12 April 2020.
272:32.2 billion (2019)
192:13.4 billion (2019)
594:List of banks in Turkey
232:1.7 billion (2019)
212:2.0 billion (2019)
21:Halkbank (Turkmenistan)
916:U.S. Attorney's Office
493:In 2019, U.S. senator
362:
1910:Tütünbank (Yaşarbank)
912:Department of Justice
673:12 April 2020 at the
551:Mehmet Zafer Caglayan
539:Department of Justice
356:
138:Süleyman Recep Özdil
1680:Türk Ekonomi Bankası
1634:Birleşik Fon Bankası
1470:TAV Airports Holding
1174:at Wikimedia Commons
803:(21 December 2013).
429:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
416:from, among others,
1865:Anadolu Bank (1961)
763:, 29 December 2013.
760:The Daily Telegraph
729:, 21 November 2013.
703:on 26 November 2022
668:"Halkbank In Brief"
433:President of Turkey
288:Number of employees
121:Number of locations
30:
1148:Annual Report 2019
1043:The New York Times
1009:The New York Times
973:The New York Times
835:The Jerusalem Post
474:The New York Times
396:Halkbank also had
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348:Turkey Wealth Fund
281:Turkey Wealth Fund
167:investment banking
155:Financial services
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1586:Banking in Turkey
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1495:Türk Ekonomi Bank
1410:Koza İpek Holding
1170:Media related to
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922:. 28 March 2017.
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942:. 9 June 2016.
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1819:Vakıf Katılım
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1805:Participation
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1295:Bursa Çimento
1293:
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560:In 2023, the
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511:Preet Bharara
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47:Anonim Şirket
45:
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37:
32:
26:
22:
1928:
1922: Under
1761:
1754:
1735:Garanti BBVA
1722:
1705:
1675:Turkish Bank
1613:
1592:Central Bank
1590:
1584:
1500:Türk Telekom
1445:Petrol Ofisi
1364:
1355:Garanti BBVA
1147:
1123:
1111:. Retrieved
1108:Politico PRO
1107:
1097:
1088:
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1032:
1020:. Retrieved
1008:
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852:
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833:
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808:
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726:
717:
705:. Retrieved
701:the original
692:
682:
655:, p. 4.
623:, p. 5.
586:Banks portal
559:
547:William Barr
523:Donald Trump
504:
492:
479:
472:
453:
441:
426:
407:
395:
369:
344:
314:
313:
259:Total equity
239:Total assets
97:Headquarters
43:Company type
25:
16:Turkish bank
1843:Kuveyt Türk
1745:ICBC Turkey
1707:Burgan Bank
1655:Anadolubank
1624:Ziraat Bank
1405:Koç Holding
1370:ICBC Turkey
1350:Ford Otosan
868:22 December
842:22 December
814:22 December
707:26 November
693:Gazetebanka
535:John Bolton
418:Reza Zarrab
1945:Categories
1777:Investment
1685:Yapı Kredi
1600:Commercial
1525:Yapı Kredi
1415:Koza Altın
1390:Kale Kalıp
1385:İş Yatırım
1345:Finansbank
1113:1 November
1022:1 November
695:. p.
605:References
509:to remove
388:to Turkey
219:Net income
140:(Chairman)
134:Key people
1756:MUFG Bank
1718:DenizBank
1670:Şekerbank
1665:Fibabanka
1619:VakıfBank
1515:VakıfBank
1455:Şekerbank
1305:DenizBank
1172:Halk Bank
1017:0362-4331
507:Joe Biden
495:Ron Wyden
55:Traded as
1763:Rabobank
1713:Citibank
1614:Halkbank
1485:Turkcell
1395:Kardemir
1365:Halkbank
1245:Acıbadem
1225:BIST 100
893:The Hill
784:Archived
671:Archived
572:See also
460:arrested
315:Halkbank
302:halkbank
151:Products
107:Istanbul
103:Ataşehir
71:Industry
29:Halkbank
1895:Raybank
1870:Egebank
1858:Defunct
1832:Private
1694:Foreign
1643:Private
1629:Adabank
1460:Şişecam
1340:Erdemir
1285:Aselsan
1280:Arçelik
1140:Sources
863:Reuters
372:Iranian
341:History
322:
297:Website
181:Revenue
87: (
79:Founded
74:Banking
1929:italic
1900:Töbank
1880:Esbank
1813:Public
1791:İlbank
1784:Public
1660:İşbank
1650:Akbank
1607:Public
1576:Turkey
1520:Vestel
1490:Tüpraş
1475:Tekfen
1440:Petkim
1430:Otokar
1425:Migros
1400:Karsan
1380:İşbank
1360:Goldaş
1250:Akbank
1229:Turkey
1015:
519:Zarrab
513:, the
482:Zarrab
456:Zarrab
422:Sarraf
414:bribes
398:Indian
359:Ankara
127:(2019)
125:1,006
113:Turkey
1572:Banks
1510:Ülker
1480:Tofaş
1465:Taraf
1290:Aygaz
1152:(PDF)
468:Gülen
431:(now
385:Dubai
376:SWIFT
277:Owner
145:(CEO)
65:HALKB
1924:TMSF
1740:HSBC
1420:Logo
1335:EÜAŞ
1330:Enka
1255:Aksa
1115:2020
1024:2020
1013:ISSN
870:2013
844:2013
816:2013
709:2021
380:P5+1
319:lit.
304:.com
89:1933
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61:BİST
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