344:
335:
296:. It appeared that, having developed their sailing outrigger canoes, the ancestors of the Polynesians migrated from East Asia, moved through the Melanesian area quickly on their way, and kept going to eastern areas, where they settled. They left little genetic evidence in Melanesia, "and only intermixed to a very modest degree with the indigenous populations there". Nevertheless, the study still found a small Austronesian genetic signature (below 20%) in less than half of the Melanesian groups who speak
32:
573:
272:
485:(2008) confirmed that Polynesians are closer genetically to Micronesians, Taiwanese Aborigines, and East Asians, than to Melanesians. The study concluded that Polynesians moved through Melanesia fairly rapidly, allowing only limited admixture between Austronesians and Melanesians. Thus, the high frequencies of B4a1a1 are the result of drift and represent the descendants of a very few successful East Asian females.
2394:
662:
534:
327:. He has found that people of New Guinea share 4%–7% of their genome with the Denisovans, indicating this exchange. The Denisovans are considered cousin to the Neanderthals. Both groups are now understood to have migrated out of Africa, with the Neanderthals going into Europe, and the Denisovans heading east about 400,000 years ago. This is based on genetic evidence from a fossil found in
2143:
209:(the geological continent consisting of Australia and New Guinea) between 50,000 and 37,000 years ago. Rising sea levels separated New Guinea from Australia about 10,000 years ago. However, Aboriginal Australians and Papuans had diverged genetically much earlier, around 40,000 years BP. Melanesians are more closely related to
307:
The study found a high rate of genetic differentiation and diversity among the groups living within the
Melanesian islands, with the peoples not only distinguished between the islands, but also by the languages, topography, and size of an island. Such diversity developed over the tens of thousands of
493:
Austronesian languages and cultural traits were introduced along the north and south-east coasts of New Guinea and in some of the islands north and east of New Guinea by migrating
Austronesians, probably starting over 3,500 years ago. This was followed by long periods of interaction that resulted in
512:
Genetic links have been identified between the
Oceanic peoples. Polynesians are dominated by a type of macro-haplogroup C y-DNA, which is a minority lineage in Melanesia, and have a very low frequency of the dominant Melanesian y-DNA K2b1. A significant minority of them also belongs to the typical
803:
Melanesian culture, the beliefs and practices of the indigenous peoples of the ethnogeographic group of
Pacific Islands known as Melanesia. From northwest to southeast, the islands form an arc that begins with New Guinea (the western half of which is called Papua and is part of Indonesia, and the
1053:
Pedro, Nicole; Brucato, Nicolas; Fernandes, Veronica; André, Mathilde; Saag, Lauri; Pomat, William; Besse, Céline; Boland, Anne; Deleuze, Jean-François; Clarkson, Chris; Sudoyo, Herawati; Metspalu, Mait; Stoneking, Mark; Cox, Murray P.; Leavesley, Matthew; Pereira, Luisa; Ricaut, François-Xavier
251:
Particularly along the north coast of New Guinea and in the islands north and east of New Guinea, the
Austronesian people, who had migrated into the area more than 3,000 years ago, came into contact with these pre-existing populations of Papuan-speaking peoples. In the late 20th century, some
563:
unique to these people, and is not the same gene that causes blond hair in the
Northern European region. As with blond hair that arose in Northern Europe, incidence of blondness is more common in children than in adults, with hair tending to darken as the individual matures.
308:
years since initial settlement, as well as after the more recent arrival of
Polynesian ancestors at the islands. Papuan-speaking groups in particular were found to be the most differentiated, while Austronesian-speaking groups along the coastlines were more intermixed.
1787:
1347:
Jinam, Timothy A.; Phipps, Maude E.; Aghakhanian, Farhang; Majumder, Partha P.; Datar, Francisco; Stoneking, Mark; Sawai, Hiromi; Nishida, Nao; Tokunaga, Katsushi; Kawamura, Shoji; Omoto, Keiichi; Saitou, Naruya (August 2017).
338:
PCA calculated on present-day and ancient individuals from eastern
Eurasia and Oceania. PC1 (23.8%) distinguish East-Eurasians and Australo-Melanesians, while PC2 (6.3%) differentiates East-Eurasians along a North to South
252:
scholars theorized a long period of interaction, which resulted in many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture among the peoples. It was proposed that, from this area, a very small group of people (speaking an
1942:
Kenny, Eimear E; Timpson, Nicholas J; Sikora, Martin; Yee, Muh-Ching; Estrada, Andres Moreno; Eng, Celeste; Huntsman, Scott; Burchard, Esteban González; Stoneking, Mark; Bustamante, Carlos D; Myles, Sean M (4 May 2012).
520:
Some recent studies suggest that all humans outside of Sub-Saharan Africa have inherited some genes from
Neanderthals, and that Melanesians are the only known modern humans whose prehistoric ancestors interbred with the
398:
into four racial groups: Malayans, Polynesians, Micronesians, and
Melanesians. D'Urville's model differed from that of Bory de Saint-Vincent in referring to 'Melanesians' rather than 'Mélaniens.' He derived the name
347:
Principal component analysis (PCA) of ancient and modern-day individuals from worldwide populations. Oceanians (Aboriginal Australians and Papuans) are most differentiated from both East-Eurasians and West-Eurasians.
283:
This Polynesian theory was overturned by a 2010 study, which was based on genome scans and evaluation of more than 800 genetic markers among a wide variety of Pacific peoples. It found that neither Polynesians nor
804:
eastern half of which comprises the independent country of Papua New Guinea) and continues through the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides), New Caledonia, Fiji, and numerous smaller islands.
351:
Melanesians of some islands are one of the few non-European peoples, and the only dark-skinned group of people outside Australia, known to have blond hair. The blond trait developed via the
509:
finding that Polynesians and Micronesians have little genetic relation to Melanesians; instead, they found significant distinctions between groups living within the Melanesian islands.
343:
2430:
2358:
1105:
Dunn, Michael, Angela Terrill, Ger Reesink, Robert A. Foley, Stephen C. Levinson (2005). "Structural Phylogenetics and the Reconstruction of Ancient Language History".
816:
Dunn, Michael, Angela Terrill, Ger Reesink, Robert A. Foley, Stephen C. Levinson (2004). "Structural Phylogenetics and the Reconstruction of Ancient Language History".
458:. Examination of mitochondrial DNA lineages shows that they have been evolving in ISEA for longer than previously believed. Ancestors of the Polynesians arrived in the
1881:
1271:
1166:
879:
481:(2008) discovered that only 21% of the Polynesian autosomal gene pool is of Melanesian origin, with the rest (79%) being of East Asian origin. A study by Friedlaender
1734:
Friedlaender, Jonathan S.; Friedlaender, Françoise R.; Reed, Floyd A.; Kidd, Kenneth K.; Kidd, Judith R.; Chambers, Geoffrey K.; Lea, Rodney A.; et al. (2008).
334:
3614:
260:. The indigenous Melanesian populations are thus often classified into two main groups based on differences in language, culture or genetic ancestry: the
3609:
324:
1785:
646:, a Melanesian people, as of 30 June 2016, was about 38,700 identifying as being of Torres Strait Islander origin only, and 32,200 of both
2423:
688:
2000:
3629:
1614:
3504:
612:
for most of their history have had a majority Melanesian population, but the proportion has dropped to 43% in the face of modern immigration.
1816:
1206:
1915:
1896:
1184:
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3599:
2416:
2094:
996:
Vallini, Leonardo; Marciani, Giulia; Aneli, Serena; Bortolini, Eugenio; Benazzi, Stefano; Pievani, Telmo; Pagani, Luca (10 April 2022).
683:
372:
3644:
3619:
2245:
2162:
1685:
Kayser, Manfred; Lao, Oscar; Saar, Kathrin; Brauer, Silke; Wang, Xingyu; Nürnberg, Peter; Trent, Ronald J.; Stoneking, Mark (2008).
1491:
Tcherkézoff, Serge (2003). "A Long and Unfortunate Voyage Toward the 'Invention' of the Melanesia/Polynesia Distinction 1595–1832".
240:
culture, and later followed by Melanesian groups. They appear to have occupied these islands as far east as the main islands in the
331:. The evidence from Melanesia suggests their territory extended into southeast Asia, where ancestors of the Melanesians developed.
367:
theorized that there was an 'old black race' in the Pacific who were conquered or defeated by the peoples of what is now called
3548:
747:
675:
454:
3624:
893:
Taufik, Leonard; Teixeira, João C.; Llamas, Bastien; Sudoyo, Herawati; Tobler, Raymond; Purnomo, Gludhug A. (December 2022).
1832:
Kayser, Manfred, Silke Brauer, Gunter Weiss, Peter A. Underhill, Lutz Rower, Wulf Schiefenhövel and Mark Stoneking (2000).
1222:
Kayser, Manfred, Silke Brauer, Gunter Weiss, Peter A. Underhill, Lutz Rower, Wulf Schiefenhövel and Mark Stoneking (2000).
3639:
134:
998:"Genetics and Material Culture Support Repeated Expansions into Paleolithic Eurasia from a Population Hub Out of Africa"
375:
developed a more elaborate, 15-race model of human diversity. He described the inhabitants of modern-day Melanesia as
2006:. Nouméa, Nouvelle Calédonie: Institut de la Statistique et des Études Économiques (ISEE). 26 August 2014. p. 3
3634:
2439:
2337:
2296:
2025:
194:
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ethno-racial origins. It evolved independently in Melanesia, where Melanesians of some islands (along with some
2506:
1527:"MAPS AND NOTES to illustrate the history of the European "invention" of the Melanesia / Polynesia distinction"
3568:
2543:
2087:
765:
643:
445:
3573:
3521:
3484:
2635:
2625:
556:
427:
315:
races or subspecies have been discovered since the late 20th century. Based on his genetic studies of the
297:
198:
150:
114:
2605:
2516:
1631:
Kayser, M.; Brauer, S.; Weiss, G.; Underhill, P.A.; Roewer, L.; Schiefenhövel, W.; Stoneking, M. (2000).
2833:
2620:
2311:
2271:
2207:
1875:
1265:
1160:
873:
647:
559:) are one of a few non-European ethnic groups who have blond hair. This has been traced to an allele of
498:
276:
253:
206:
73:
2511:
1350:"Discerning the Origins of the Negritos, First Sundaland People: Deep Divergence and Archaic Admixture"
3158:
3028:
271:
3558:
3248:
2379:
2276:
2240:
2230:
1956:
1845:
1644:
1606:
1444:
1235:
1114:
827:
708:
459:
293:
233:
118:
98:
57:
3223:
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627:
with about 318,000 people, mostly of Melanesian ancestry. The western half of New Guinea is part of
31:
3494:
3467:
3218:
2848:
2157:
2028:. Canberra, Australia: High Commission of the Independent State of Papua New Guinea. Archived from
577:
391:
363:
Early European explorers noted the physical differences among groups of Pacific Islanders. In 1756
265:
197:, which is "ascribed to a population movement with uniform genetic features and material culture" (
65:
3073:
2481:
1784:
Assessing Y-chromosome Variation in the South Pacific Using Newly Detected, by Krista Erin Latham
572:
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3083:
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2281:
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2177:
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1920:
1564:
1508:
1148:
861:
502:
364:
257:
2908:
1406:
320:
3553:
3536:
3303:
3043:
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2942:
2758:
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2734:
2724:
2719:
2615:
2600:
2563:
2558:
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2316:
1982:
1900:
1863:
1812:
1767:
1716:
1662:
1470:
1379:
1329:
1253:
1202:
1140:
1087:
1035:
1017:
975:
934:
916:
853:
818:
667:
549:
514:
506:
449:
289:
202:
154:
452:. The "out of Taiwan model" was challenged by a study from Leeds University and published in
3563:
3479:
3315:
3298:
3078:
3058:
3053:
3048:
2983:
2843:
2823:
2816:
2773:
2763:
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2306:
2261:
2192:
2122:
2051:
1972:
1964:
1853:
1757:
1747:
1706:
1698:
1652:
1556:
1500:
1460:
1452:
1369:
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1319:
1309:
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1130:
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906:
843:
835:
624:
616:
522:
316:
301:
158:
69:
61:
2052:"3238.0.55.001 - Estimates of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, June 2016"
1526:
288:
have much genetic relation to Melanesians. Both groups are strongly related genetically to
3499:
3390:
3325:
3278:
3273:
3038:
3018:
3013:
3003:
2961:
2920:
2903:
2898:
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2686:
2642:
2523:
2321:
2286:
2202:
2127:
1808:
1791:
1135:
848:
714:
609:
593:
241:
81:
40:
1960:
1849:
1648:
1448:
1239:
1118:
831:
3509:
3444:
3417:
3402:
3365:
3350:
3168:
3093:
2937:
2806:
2691:
2585:
2570:
2538:
2342:
2187:
1977:
1944:
1762:
1735:
1711:
1686:
1465:
1432:
1374:
1349:
1324:
1297:
1082:
1055:
1030:
997:
929:
894:
261:
170:
1858:
1833:
1657:
1632:
1547:
Durmont D'Urville, Jules-Sébastian-César (2003). "On The Islands of the Great Ocean".
1248:
1223:
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3472:
3449:
3439:
3429:
3424:
3395:
3308:
3288:
3228:
3213:
3178:
3163:
3098:
3068:
3008:
2925:
2891:
2879:
2867:
2838:
2793:
2751:
2709:
2681:
2595:
2553:
2374:
2182:
2167:
1568:
1512:
605:
497:
It was once postulated that from this area a very small group of people (speaking an
225:
36:
895:"Human Genetic Research in Wallacea and Sahul: Recent Findings and Future Prospects"
3385:
3380:
3355:
3345:
3340:
3330:
3293:
3283:
3208:
3193:
3148:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3088:
3033:
2956:
2915:
2886:
2828:
2798:
2768:
2729:
2580:
2491:
2476:
1687:"Genome-wide analysis indicates more Asian than Melanesian ancestry of Polynesians"
1152:
865:
723:
699:
620:
552:
466:
285:
178:
146:
94:
77:
1752:
1314:
3543:
3434:
3412:
3335:
3258:
3238:
3233:
3198:
3188:
3173:
3153:
3143:
3118:
3063:
2968:
2874:
2666:
2630:
2610:
2575:
2528:
2496:
2486:
2466:
2449:
2291:
2197:
1560:
1504:
1402:
953:
753:
693:
533:
394:
expanded and simplified much of this earlier work. He classified the peoples of
190:
1897:"Genome scan shows Polynesians have little genetic relationship to Melanesians"
1702:
1185:"Genome Scans Show Polynesians Have Little Genetic Relationship to Melanesians"
189:
The origin of Melanesians is generally associated with the first settlement of
3531:
3514:
3183:
3110:
2978:
2973:
2811:
2590:
2266:
1296:
Friedlaender J, Friedlaender FR, Reed FA, Kidd KK, Kidd JR (18 January 2008).
1072:
735:
657:
589:
325:
ancient human ancestors of the Melanesians interbred in Asia with these humans
142:
122:
2408:
1021:
979:
920:
787:
525:, sharing 4%–6% of their genome with this ancient cousin of the Neanderthal.
3489:
3373:
2932:
2103:
1968:
1583:
1456:
1126:
970:
839:
759:
639:
628:
474:
441:
368:
217:
166:
162:
138:
44:
1986:
1867:
1771:
1720:
1666:
1474:
1383:
1333:
1257:
1144:
1091:
1039:
938:
857:
355:
gene, which is not the same gene that causes blondness in European blonds.
1187:, Press Release, Temple University, 17 January 2008, accessed 19 July 2015
1013:
911:
3407:
3268:
2995:
2647:
1365:
635:, with a significant minority of settlers from other parts of Indonesia.
438:
954:"A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia"
738: – Melanesian ethnic groups native to the island country of Vanuatu
2857:
2458:
2132:
2029:
741:
729:
632:
597:
585:
538:
395:
328:
221:
210:
174:
2142:
2785:
2172:
311:
Further DNA analysis has taken research into new directions, as more
245:
237:
193:
by a lineage dubbed 'Australasians' or 'Australo-Papuans' during the
1945:"Melanesians blond hair is caused by an amino acid change in TYRP1"
1584:"Climate Change and Postglacial Human Dispersals in Southeast Asia"
205:
and other Asia-Pacific groups. It is estimated that people reached
3578:
3263:
2533:
1433:"Melanesian Blond Hair Is Caused by an Amino Acid Change in TYRP1"
732: – Set of ethnic groups in Southeast Asia and Andaman islands
571:
560:
545:
532:
352:
342:
333:
270:
102:
505:. This theory was, however, contradicted by a study published by
3320:
2701:
2117:
1626:
1624:
601:
229:
2412:
2076:
1486:
1484:
1607:"DNA Sheds New Light on Polynesian Migration (Published 2011)"
1407:"Denisovans Were Neanderthals' Cousins, DNA Analysis Reveals"
414:
404:
2072:
430:. Dumont D'Urville combined the two peoples into one group.
768: – One of the two categories of Indigenous Australians
426:
Bory de Saint-Vincent had distinguished Mélaniens from the
1916:"Another Genetic Quirk of the Solomon Islands: Blond Hair"
1056:"Papuan mitochondrial genomes and the settlement of Sahul"
494:
many complex changes in genetics, languages, and culture.
2001:"Synthèse N°35 – Recensement de la population 2014"
371:, whom he distinguished as having lighter skin. By 1825
719:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
704:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
650:
and Torres Strait Islander origin (a total of 70,900).
501:) departed to the east and became the forebears of the
462:
of Papua New Guinea at least 6,000 to 8,000 years ago.
256:) departed to the east to become the forebears of the
248:
and possibly the smaller islands farther to the east.
1431:
Kenny, Eimear E.; Timpson, Nicholas J. (4 May 2012).
473:(2000) also showed that Polynesians have significant
615:
The largest and most populous Melanesian country is
3460:
3364:
3247:
3109:
2994:
2784:
2700:
2457:
2367:
2351:
2330:
2254:
2218:
2150:
2110:
1834:"The Melanesian Origin of Polynesian Y chromosomes"
1224:"The Melanesian Origin of Polynesian Y chromosomes"
161:. There are several creoles of the region, such as
108:
87:
51:
689:List of ethnic groups of Southwest Papua Province
157:branch) or one of the many unrelated families of
744: – Geographical region in the Pacific Ocean
702: – Broad term for peoples of Southeast Asia
1633:"Melanesian origin of Polynesian Y chromosomes"
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
477:genetic admixture. A follow-up study by Kayser
319:, an ancient human species discovered in 2010,
1675:, vol. 11, no. 2, pages 141–142 (23 Jan 2001).
762: – Biogeographic region of Southeast Asia
149:. Most speak one of the many languages of the
2424:
2088:
726: – Ethnic groups of Austronesian peoples
631:and is predominantly inhabited by indigenous
8:
1880:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1736:"The genetic structure of Pacific Islanders"
1298:"The Genetic Structure of Pacific Islanders"
1270:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1165:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
878:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
750: – Melanesian inhabitants of New Guinea
684:List of ethnic groups of West Papua Province
24:
2431:
2417:
2409:
2095:
2081:
2073:
1895:Friedlaender, Jonathan (17 January 2008).
1397:
1395:
1393:
756: – Austronesian ethnolinguistic group
711: – Speakers of Austronesian languages
489:Austronesian languages and cultural traits
387:(i.e. Polynesian) races surrounding them.
30:
23:
1976:
1857:
1761:
1751:
1710:
1656:
1464:
1373:
1323:
1313:
1247:
1134:
1081:
1071:
1029:
969:
928:
910:
847:
275:A Fijian mountain warrior, photograph by
201:), and sharing deep ancestry with modern
1180:
1178:
1176:
991:
989:
153:language family (especially ones in the
778:
696: – Ethnic group of the Philippines
300:, and which was entirely absent in the
1873:
1691:The American Journal of Human Genetics
1263:
1158:
958:Human Population Genetics and Genomics
871:
584:The predominantly Melanesian areas of
1605:Bhanoo, Sindya N. (7 February 2011).
717: – Ethnic groups from Madagascar
423:, to mean "islands of black people".
7:
3615:Ethnic groups in the Solomon Islands
529:Incidence of blond hair in Melanesia
437:(2008) have argued for an older pre-
1617:from the original on 11 April 2023.
952:Yang, Melinda A. (6 January 2022).
619:. The largest city in Melanesia is
379:, a distinct racial group from the
373:Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent
16:Indigenous inhabitants of Melanesia
14:
3610:Ethnic groups in Papua New Guinea
786:Keesing, Roger M.; Kahn, Miriam.
2393:
2392:
2141:
660:
213:than to Aboriginal Australians.
2056:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1914:Sindya N. Bhanoo (3 May 2012).
748:Indigenous people of New Guinea
676:Indigenous people of New Guinea
455:Molecular Biology and Evolution
99:traditional Melanesian religion
3630:Ethnic groups in New Caledonia
1136:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1B84-E
849:11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1B84-E
1:
1859:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00734-X
1658:10.1016/s0960-9822(00)00734-x
1249:10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00734-X
592:and surrounding islands, the
141:, in an area stretching from
1753:10.1371/journal.pgen.0040019
1354:Genome Biology and Evolution
1315:10.1371/journal.pgen.0040019
1002:Genome Biology and Evolution
1561:10.1080/0022334032000120512
1505:10.1080/0022334032000120521
568:Melanesian areas of Oceania
3661:
3605:Ethnic groups in Indonesia
3600:Ethnic groups in Australia
2440:Ethnic groups in Indonesia
2338:Melanesian Spearhead Group
1703:10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.010
1549:Journal of Pacific History
1493:Journal of Pacific History
642:, the total population of
415:
405:
2446:
2388:
2139:
1803:Spriggs, Matthew (1997).
1671:See also correction in:
1197:Spriggs, Matthew (1997).
1073:10.1038/s10038-020-0781-3
1060:Journal of Human Genetics
359:History of classification
232:, was first inhabited by
195:Initial Upper Paleolithic
113:
92:
56:
29:
3645:Ethnic groups in Oceania
3620:Ethnic groups in Vanuatu
766:Torres Strait Islanders
133:are the predominant and
3505:Bangka Belitung Chinese
2297:d'Entrecasteaux Islands
1969:10.1126/science.1217849
1457:10.1126/science.1217849
1127:10.1126/science.1114615
971:10.47248/hpgg2202010001
840:10.1126/science.1114615
792:Encyclopædia Britannica
644:Torres Strait Islanders
1805:The Island Melanesians
1199:The Island Melanesians
581:
557:indigenous Australians
541:
428:indigenous Australians
348:
340:
298:Austronesian languages
280:
199:Ancient East Eurasians
135:indigenous inhabitants
115:Aboriginal Australians
3625:Ethnic groups in Fiji
2312:Torres Strait Islands
2272:Louisiade Archipelago
912:10.3390/genes13122373
648:Aboriginal Australian
575:
536:
499:Austronesian language
446:Island Southeast Asia
346:
337:
277:Francis Herbert Dufty
274:
254:Austronesian language
171:Solomon Islands Pijin
109:Related ethnic groups
74:English-based creoles
3640:Austronesian peoples
2380:Melanesian Super Cup
2277:Bismarck Archipelago
1790:13 July 2015 at the
1405:(22 December 2010).
788:"Melanesian culture"
709:Austronesian peoples
460:Bismarck Archipelago
294:Taiwanese aborigines
234:Austronesian peoples
216:The eastern part of
119:Austronesian peoples
78:Rabaul Creole German
58:Melanesian languages
2058:. 18 September 2018
1961:2012Sci...336..554K
1850:2000CBio...10.1237K
1649:2000CBio...10.1237K
1449:2012Sci...336..554K
1240:2000CBio...10.1237K
1119:2005Sci...309.2072D
1113:(5743): 2072–2075.
1014:10.1093/gbe/evac045
832:2005Sci...309.2072D
826:(5743): 2072–2075.
578:Australo-Melanesian
469:analysis by Kayser
268:-speaking groups.
185:Origin and genetics
26:
2302:Raja Ampat Islands
2282:Santa Cruz Islands
2178:Western New Guinea
1921:The New York Times
1611:The New York Times
1366:10.1093/gbe/evx118
582:
542:
365:Charles de Brosses
349:
341:
304:-speaking groups.
281:
236:, who created the
203:East Asian peoples
3635:Melanesian people
3587:
3586:
2406:
2405:
2359:Political parties
2317:Trobriand Islands
2151:Other territories
1901:Temple University
1899:(Press release).
1844:(20): 1237–1246.
1818:978-0-631-16727-3
1643:(20): 1237–1246.
1586:. Oxford Journals
1582:Martin Richards.
1234:(20): 1237–1246.
1208:978-0-631-16727-3
668:New Guinea portal
550:Northern European
544:Most people with
515:Haplogroup O-M175
507:Temple University
503:Polynesian people
450:mitochondrial DNA
258:Polynesian people
128:
127:
3652:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2410:
2396:
2395:
2307:Schouten Islands
2262:Island Melanesia
2145:
2123:Papua New Guinea
2111:Sovereign states
2097:
2090:
2083:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2032:on 9 August 2016
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2005:
1997:
1991:
1990:
1980:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1911:
1905:
1904:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1871:
1861:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1800:
1794:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1660:
1628:
1619:
1618:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1468:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1399:
1388:
1387:
1377:
1360:(8): 2013–2022.
1344:
1338:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1293:
1276:
1275:
1269:
1261:
1251:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1171:
1170:
1164:
1156:
1138:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1054:(October 2020).
1050:
1044:
1043:
1033:
993:
984:
983:
973:
949:
943:
942:
932:
914:
890:
884:
883:
877:
869:
851:
813:
807:
806:
800:
798:
783:
720:
705:
670:
665:
664:
663:
625:Papua New Guinea
617:Papua New Guinea
523:Denisova hominin
513:East Asian male
448:(ISEA) based on
418:
417:
408:
407:
392:Dumont D'Urville
317:Denisova hominin
159:Papuan languages
62:Papuan languages
34:
27:
3660:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3456:
3360:
3250:
3243:
3105:
2990:
2780:
2696:
2453:
2442:
2437:
2407:
2402:
2384:
2363:
2347:
2326:
2322:Woodlark Island
2287:Loyalty Islands
2250:
2214:
2203:Southwest Papua
2146:
2137:
2128:Solomon Islands
2106:
2101:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1872:
1838:Current Biology
1831:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1792:Wayback Machine
1783:
1779:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1684:
1683:
1679:
1673:Current Biology
1637:Current Biology
1630:
1629:
1622:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1520:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1401:
1400:
1391:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1295:
1294:
1279:
1262:
1228:Current Biology
1221:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1174:
1157:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1066:(10): 875–887.
1052:
1051:
1047:
995:
994:
987:
951:
950:
946:
892:
891:
887:
870:
815:
814:
810:
796:
794:
785:
784:
780:
776:
771:
718:
715:Malagasy people
703:
666:
661:
659:
656:
610:Loyalty Islands
594:Solomon Islands
570:
531:
491:
361:
292:, particularly
242:Solomon Islands
187:
47:
41:Southwest Papua
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3658:
3656:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3592:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3510:Maluku Chinese
3507:
3502:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3473:Black Dutchmen
3464:
3462:
3461:Non-indigenous
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3370:
3368:
3366:Maluku Islands
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3311:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2923:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2836:
2831:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2463:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2413:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2343:Melanesia 2000
2340:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2188:Highland Papua
2185:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2070:
2069:
2043:
2017:
1992:
1934:
1906:
1887:
1824:
1817:
1795:
1777:
1726:
1697:(1): 194–198.
1677:
1620:
1597:
1574:
1555:(2): 163–174.
1539:
1518:
1499:(2): 175–196.
1480:
1423:
1389:
1339:
1277:
1214:
1207:
1189:
1172:
1097:
1045:
985:
944:
885:
808:
777:
775:
772:
770:
769:
763:
757:
751:
745:
739:
733:
727:
721:
712:
706:
697:
691:
686:
680:
679:
678:
672:
671:
655:
652:
569:
566:
553:white European
530:
527:
490:
487:
360:
357:
264:-speaking and
220:that includes
186:
183:
126:
125:
111:
110:
106:
105:
93:Predominantly
90:
89:
85:
84:
54:
53:
49:
48:
35:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3657:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3251:Sunda Islands
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2783:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2375:Melanesia Cup
2373:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:Organizations
2329:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2183:Central Papua
2181:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2168:New Caledonia
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2144:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1955:(6081): 554.
1954:
1950:
1946:
1938:
1935:
1923:
1922:
1917:
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1907:
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1740:PLOS Genetics
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1302:PLOS Genetics
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1201:. Blackwell.
1200:
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867:
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833:
829:
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812:
809:
805:
793:
789:
782:
779:
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764:
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658:
653:
651:
649:
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634:
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626:
622:
618:
613:
611:
607:
606:New Caledonia
603:
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587:
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226:New Caledonia
223:
219:
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208:
204:
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192:
184:
182:
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120:
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104:
100:
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75:
71:
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63:
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38:
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28:
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3089:Tau Taa Wana
2517:Talang Mamak
2448:
2246:Universities
2225:
2163:Bougainville
2060:. Retrieved
2055:
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2030:the original
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
1995:
1952:
1948:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1919:
1909:
1890:
1876:cite journal
1841:
1837:
1827:
1804:
1798:
1780:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1672:
1640:
1636:
1610:
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1577:
1552:
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1530:. Retrieved
1521:
1496:
1492:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1414:. Retrieved
1410:
1357:
1353:
1342:
1305:
1301:
1266:cite journal
1231:
1227:
1217:
1198:
1192:
1161:cite journal
1110:
1106:
1100:
1063:
1059:
1048:
1005:
1001:
961:
957:
947:
905:(12): 2373.
902:
898:
888:
874:cite journal
823:
817:
811:
802:
795:. Retrieved
791:
781:
724:Micronesians
700:Alfur people
637:
621:Port Moresby
614:
583:
543:
519:
511:
496:
492:
482:
478:
470:
467:Y chromosome
464:
453:
434:
432:
425:
420:
410:
400:
389:
384:
380:
376:
362:
350:
323:claims that
321:Svante Pääbo
313:Homo erectus
312:
310:
306:
286:Micronesians
282:
266:Austronesian
250:
244:, including
215:
188:
179:Papuan Malay
151:Austronesian
147:Fiji Islands
130:
129:
95:Christianity
21:Ethnic group
18:
3435:Tanimbarese
3149:Ekari (Mee)
3024:Gorontaloan
2660:Aneuk Jamee
2655:Minangkabau
2611:Bugis-Malay
2502:Orang Rimba
2497:Orang Kuala
2450:Indonesians
2292:Lau Islands
2198:South Papua
2158:Aru Islands
2026:"About PNG"
1416:22 December
1411:NYTimes.com
1403:Carl Zimmer
964:(1): 1–32.
754:Polynesians
694:Aeta people
608:and nearby
537:Girls from
403:from Greek
290:East Asians
191:Australasia
131:Melanesians
123:Euronesians
97:, minority
37:Biak people
25:Melanesians
3594:Categories
3574:Portuguese
3532:Klingalese
2974:Orang Laut
2812:Lun Bawang
2786:Kalimantan
2742:Kangeanese
2735:Tenggerese
2725:Banyumasan
2720:Cirebonese
2564:Toba Batak
2559:Simalungun
2549:Mandailing
2512:Petalangan
2467:Aboriginal
2267:New Guinea
2208:West Papua
1746:(1): e19.
1308:(3): e19.
774:References
736:Ni-Vanuatu
590:New Guinea
475:Melanesian
444:origin in
381:Australian
143:New Guinea
66:Indonesian
3569:Pakistani
3564:Mardijker
3515:Peranakan
3316:Manggarai
3299:Lamaholot
3159:Ketengban
3079:Sangirese
3059:Mongondow
3054:Minahasan
3049:Mandarese
3029:Kalumpang
2962:Pontianak
2933:Punan Bah
2849:Uma Baka'
2824:Apo Kayan
2803:Apo Duat
2774:Bantenese
2764:Sundanese
2677:Palembang
2255:Geography
2241:Mythology
2231:Languages
2104:Melanesia
2062:1 January
1809:Blackwell
1569:162374626
1513:219625326
1022:1759-6653
980:2770-5005
921:2073-4425
760:Sundaland
640:Australia
629:Indonesia
548:hair are
465:Paternal
442:Sundaland
401:Melanesia
385:Neptunian
377:Mélaniens
369:Polynesia
218:Melanesia
167:Hiri Motu
163:Tok Pisin
139:Melanesia
52:Languages
45:Indonesia
3549:Japanese
3522:Filipino
3490:Chindian
3485:Armenian
3408:Ambonese
3391:Manusela
3374:Moluccan
3326:Rotenese
3279:Bimanese
3274:Balinese
3269:Bali Aga
3039:Makassar
3019:Bonerate
3014:Butonese
3004:Buginese
2996:Sulawesi
2921:Bakumpai
2909:Ma'anyan
2904:Lawangan
2899:Ot Danum
2863:Kendayan
2747:Madurese
2715:Javanese
2687:Simeulue
2648:Sakuddei
2643:Mentawai
2524:Acehnese
2398:Category
2352:Politics
1987:22556244
1868:11069104
1788:Archived
1772:18208337
1721:18179899
1667:11069104
1615:Archived
1590:28 March
1475:22556244
1384:28854687
1334:18208337
1258:11069104
1145:16179483
1092:32483274
1040:35445261
939:36553640
858:16179483
797:23 April
654:See also
588:include
439:Holocene
390:In 1832
279:, 1870s.
88:Religion
3500:Benteng
3495:Chinese
3468:African
3445:Togutil
3418:Wai Apu
3403:Ambelau
3351:Sumbawa
3249:Lesser
3224:Waropen
3204:Sentani
3169:Korowai
3139:Damalme
3124:Amungme
3094:Torajan
2938:Bukitan
2926:Meratus
2880:Mualang
2858:Bidayuh
2807:Kelabit
2692:Singkil
2672:Haloban
2636:Serdang
2626:Langkat
2586:Lampung
2571:Enggano
2539:Angkola
2459:Sumatra
2219:Culture
2133:Vanuatu
2036:15 June
2010:15 June
1978:3481182
1957:Bibcode
1949:Science
1846:Bibcode
1763:2211537
1712:2253960
1645:Bibcode
1532:7 March
1466:3481182
1445:Bibcode
1437:Science
1375:5597900
1325:2211537
1236:Bibcode
1153:2963726
1115:Bibcode
1107:Science
1083:7449881
1031:9021735
930:9778601
866:2963726
828:Bibcode
819:Science
742:Oceania
730:Negrito
633:Papuans
598:Vanuatu
586:Oceania
576:Map of
539:Vanuatu
433:Soares
396:Oceania
329:Siberia
222:Vanuatu
211:Papuans
175:Bislama
155:Oceanic
145:to the
70:English
3559:Korean
3554:Jewish
3527:Indian
3450:Wemale
3440:Tobelo
3430:Lisela
3425:Kayeli
3396:Nuaulu
3309:Loloan
3289:Helong
3229:Wolani
3219:Wambon
3214:Tobati
3179:Marind
3164:Kombai
3099:Mamasa
3069:Pamona
3009:Bungku
2892:Tidung
2868:Selako
2844:Lebbo'
2839:Kenyah
2817:Sa'ban
2794:Banjar
2752:Bawean
2710:Betawi
2682:Rejang
2606:Asahan
2596:Lembak
2554:Pakpak
2368:Sports
2226:People
2173:Rotuma
1985:
1975:
1866:
1815:
1770:
1760:
1719:
1709:
1665:
1567:
1511:
1473:
1463:
1382:
1372:
1332:
1322:
1256:
1205:
1151:
1143:
1090:
1080:
1038:
1028:
1020:
978:
937:
927:
919:
864:
856:
483:et al.
479:et al.
471:et al.
435:et al.
421:island
413:, and
339:cline.
302:Papuan
262:Papuan
246:Makira
238:Lapita
228:, and
177:, and
101:, and
82:French
3579:Totok
3537:Tamil
3386:Alune
3381:Alfur
3356:Tetum
3346:Sumba
3341:Sikka
3331:Sasak
3304:Malay
3294:Kemak
3284:Bunak
3264:Atoni
3209:Tehit
3194:Nduga
3134:Bauzi
3129:Asmat
3111:Papua
3074:Rampi
3044:Malay
3034:Lindu
2984:Suluk
2979:Bajau
2957:Berau
2952:Malay
2916:Ngaju
2887:Murut
2834:Kayan
2829:Bahau
2799:Dayak
2769:Baduy
2759:Malay
2730:Osing
2621:Lahat
2601:Malay
2581:Kluet
2534:Batak
2507:Sakai
2492:Mante
2482:Bonai
2477:Batin
2236:Music
2193:Papua
2004:(pdf)
1927:3 May
1565:S2CID
1509:S2CID
1149:S2CID
1008:(4).
899:Genes
862:S2CID
580:area.
561:TYRP1
546:blond
416:νῆσος
411:black
406:μέλας
353:TYRP1
207:Sahul
103:Islam
3544:Indo
3480:Arab
3413:Buru
3336:Savu
3321:Nage
3259:Abui
3239:Yaur
3234:Yali
3199:Sawi
3189:Moni
3174:Lani
3154:Fayu
3144:Dani
3119:Abun
3084:Seko
3064:Muna
2969:Moro
2943:Krio
2875:Iban
2702:Java
2667:Nias
2631:Riau
2616:Deli
2591:Laut
2576:Gayo
2544:Karo
2529:Alas
2487:Lubu
2472:Akit
2118:Fiji
2064:2020
2038:2016
2012:2016
1983:PMID
1929:2012
1882:link
1864:PMID
1813:ISBN
1768:PMID
1717:PMID
1663:PMID
1592:2017
1534:2013
1471:PMID
1418:2010
1380:PMID
1330:PMID
1272:link
1254:PMID
1203:ISBN
1167:link
1141:PMID
1088:PMID
1036:PMID
1018:ISSN
976:ISSN
935:PMID
917:ISSN
880:link
854:PMID
799:2023
602:Fiji
600:and
383:and
230:Fiji
3184:Mek
1973:PMC
1965:doi
1953:336
1854:doi
1758:PMC
1748:doi
1707:PMC
1699:doi
1653:doi
1557:doi
1501:doi
1461:PMC
1453:doi
1441:336
1370:PMC
1362:doi
1320:PMC
1310:doi
1244:doi
1131:hdl
1123:doi
1111:309
1078:PMC
1068:doi
1026:PMC
1010:doi
966:doi
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