33:
257:
181:
205:, though humans are more likely to come into contact with bees relative to other widely-feared arthropods. Bees are more easy to find accidentally when they congregate as swarms, and individual bees are attracted to food that humans may be carrying. Swarms especially can trigger panic, although bees do not typically sting while swarming.
76:, another stinging insect, and the two are sometimes conflated by people with bee phobias. A fear of bees can affect quality of life with anxiety around outdoor activities, and people with a bee phobia may experience symptoms of panic upon seeing a bee. Negative attitudes toward bees can also have negative effects on
219:, are more dangerous than other bees and are more widely feared. Relative to other bees, they are more easily provoked and will chase humans over long distances. Popular culture sensationalizes and exaggerates this danger, making fear more common. Fear of Africanized bees in the United States can play on
357:
News coverage of bees is mixed; while it has raised the issue of declining bee populations and promoted conservation, it also instills fear by describing deaths relating to bee stings. The spread of
Africanized bees to the United States caused a panic in the country beginning in the late 1970s. This
192:
is central to the fear of bees. Experiencing a bee sting or knowing someone who has experienced one can increase a fear of bees. Conversely, individuals who have never been stung by a bee may believe that the stings are more dangerous than they truly are. They may exaggerate the severity of a sting
273:
are common responses to bee sightings for people with bee phobias, and they may attempt to kill bees upon seeing them, making it more likely that they will be stung. Since bees are attracted to flowers, the fear of flowers is most commonly associated with the fear of bees. Being a specific phobia,
200:
in some individuals. As phobias are diagnoses of irrational fear, individuals who have life-threatening allergic reactions to bee stings are not considered apiphobic when experiencing a fear of bees related to their own safety. Fear of bees is less common than
172:. Black-and-yellow striped bees are the most well known in public consciousness, which can cause conflation between bees and wasps. As wasps are more aggressive than bees, this conflation has a negative effect on public perception of bees.
264:
Fear of bees can affect a person's ability to enjoy time spent outdoors. People with a fear of bees may avoid outdoor activities, be distracted watching for bees when outdoors, or mistake other insects for bees. Emotional distress,
285:, especially in urban areas. Beekeepers are often forced to reconcile a fear of being stung. They may consider it to be a routine part of the job, derive self-confidence from the nature of their work, or consider it a form of
247:
relative to other bees, as they can be perceived as cuter and they are less likely to sting. Fearing an insect for its sting is learned behavior rather than instinctive, and bee phobias most commonly develop in childhood.
84:
is an effective treatment for fear of bees and other specific phobias. Fear of bees may also occur in people who risk life-threatening reactions to stings, but this is considered a rational fear instead of a phobia.
243:
People with a fear of bees are less likely to be knowledgeable about bees, and they frequently overestimate the likelihood of a bee becoming aggressive or stinging. People may be less likely to fear
320:(bees and wasps) for their stings and considered them bad omens. After the advent of beekeeping, this view was replaced with one of bees as an example for nobility and
196:
Fear of bees brings a greater evolutionary advantage than fears of other insects because they are venomous, and can cause life-threatening harm through
939:
Dror, Shany; Harich, Franziska; Duangphakdee, Orawan; Savini, Tommaso; Pogány, Ákos; Roberts, John; Geheran, Jessica; Treydte, Anna C. (2020).
223:, as they embody the concept of a threat emerging from Africa and traveling through Latin America. Africanized bees are colloquially known as
1136:
1105:
1077:
1048:
1020:
293:
have to take aversion to bees in consideration when marketing honey products, often avoiding the mention of bees in favor of other imagery.
193:
in their minds, with the exaggeration subsiding after experiencing a sting. Fear is also a common response to the buzzing sound of a bee.
281:
Negative attitudes toward bees have a debilitating effect on conservation efforts. Fear of bees also results in legal restrictions on
1278:
316:. A swarm of bees approaching one's home can alternatively be seen as a good omen or a bad omen. The Ancient Chinese similarly knew
216:
1148:"Adolescents' Experience and Knowledge of, and Attitudes toward, Bees: Implications and Recommendations for Conservation"
980:
1270:
1128:
1069:
168:. Bees are generally more well-liked than wasps by the public, in part because bees are more widely recognized as
1097:
270:
300:, and beehives have been proposed as a form of deterrent to prevent elephants from damaging vulnerable trees.
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The anatomy of a bee's sting—fear of bees most commonly comes from a fear of being stung.
1201:
1091:
1034:
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993:
856:
1179:
1001:
333:
1297:
1291:
874:"The Searchscape of Fear: A Global Analysis of Internet Search Trends for Biophobias"
202:
161:
73:
1230:"Cultural Aspects of Ants, Bees and Wasps, and Their Products in Sub-Saharan Africa"
941:"Are Asian elephants afraid of honeybees? Experimental studies in northern Thailand"
256:
1116:
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321:
313:
312:, swarms of bees are seen as punishments sent by an enemy with the assistance of a
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Cook, R.M.; Parrini, F.; King, L.E.; Witkowski, E.T.F.; Henley, M.D. (2018).
17:
903:
244:
180:
165:
36:
Depiction of a beekeeper wearing protective equipment while handling bees
976:"Spiders are Special: Fear and Disgust Evoked by Pictures of Arthropods"
1115:
Pattinson, David (2019). "Bees in China: A Brief
Cultural History". In
886:
873:
841:"African honeybees as a mitigation method for elephant impact on trees"
1209:
140:
125:
290:
255:
179:
153:
31:
560:
558:
68:, a fear of insects. The phobia arises primarily from a fear of
456:
454:
61:
160:, a broader fear of insects. It is especially related to the
135:
120:
1036:
The
Infested Mind: Why Humans Fear, Loathe, and Love Insects
974:
Gerdes, Antje B.M.; Uhl, Gabriele; Alpers, Georg W. (2009).
750:
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1125:
Animals through
Chinese History: Earliest Times to 1911
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531:
441:
439:
437:
1059:
1012:Bees in America: How the Honey Bee Shaped a Nation
1234:International Journal of Tropical Insect Science
1064:. In Milosevic, Irena; McCabe, Randi E. (eds.).
260:A sign warning people about the presence of bees
1093:Buzz: Urban Beekeeping and the Power of the Bee
564:
872:Correia, Ricardo A.; Mammola, Stefano (2023).
690:
460:
343:
228:
60:triggered by the presence or apprehension of
8:
337:
702:
588:
505:
490:
349:
278:is an effective treatment for bee phobias.
110:
1146:Silva, Alexandra; Minor, Emily S. (2017).
1066:Phobias: The Psychology of Irrational Fear
810:
726:
714:
612:
600:
576:
475:
1245:
1182:; Law, Georgia; Cini, Alessandro (2018).
956:
885:
798:
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678:
663:
624:
522:
403:
148:Bee phobias are diagnosed as animal-type
774:
651:
549:
385:
908:"The Range of Human Attitudes to Bees"
358:fear was exploited in the horror film
296:The fear of bees has been observed in
72:. Fear of bees often coincides with a
639:
537:
445:
7:
822:
738:
354:, respectively) refer to its sting.
115:, the Latin word for 'bee', and the
234:
1002:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.08.005
25:
1184:"Why We Love Bees and Hate Wasps"
1015:. University Press of Kentucky.
130:, the Greek word for 'bee'. The
924:10.1080/0005772X.1976.11097581
217:East African lowland honey bee
1:
1164:10.1080/08927936.2017.1270587
565:Gerdes, Uhl & Alpers 2009
145:, the Greek word for 'fear'.
981:Evolution and Human Behavior
865:10.1016/j.biocon.2017.11.024
423:. Merriam-Webster Dictionary
141:
126:
27:Specific phobia towards bees
461:Sumner, Law & Cini 2018
93:The fear of bees is called
1324:
1271:Princeton University Press
1266:The Bee: A Natural History
1263:Wilson-Rich, Noah (2014).
1247:10.1007/s42690-020-00410-6
1129:Cambridge University Press
1070:Greenwood Publishing Group
1061:"Apiphobia (Fear of Bees)"
958:10.1007/s42991-020-00042-w
691:Correia & Mammola 2023
156:, and they are related to
136:
121:
80:and conservation efforts.
1098:New York University Press
1058:Milosevic, Irena (2015).
164:, and the two are often
1090:; Kosut, Marin (2013).
1041:Oxford University Press
845:Biological Conservation
421:www.merriam-webster.com
64:. It is a variation of
1031:Lockwood, Jeffrey Alan
811:Moore & Kosut 2013
727:Moore & Kosut 2013
715:Moore & Kosut 2013
613:Moore & Kosut 2013
601:Moore & Kosut 2013
577:Moore & Kosut 2013
476:Silva & Minor 2017
350:
344:
338:
289:. Companies that sell
261:
229:
185:
111:
37:
1189:Ecological Entomology
259:
227:in North America and
183:
35:
1119:; Siebert, Martina;
1009:Horn, Tammy (2006).
240:) in South America.
1202:2018EcoEn..43..836S
1131:. pp. 99–117.
994:2009EHumB..30...66G
857:2018BCons.217..329C
813:, pp. 161–162.
801:, pp. 116–117.
753:, pp. 355–356.
729:, pp. 119–120.
705:, pp. 122–123.
591:, pp. 206–207.
887:10.1002/pan3.10497
262:
238: fierce bees
211:, a hybrid of the
188:The fear of being
186:
134:suffix comes from
119:prefix comes from
109:prefix comes from
38:
1210:10.1111/een.12676
1138:978-1-108-55157-1
1107:978-0-8147-6306-3
1079:978-1-61069-575-6
1050:978-0-19-993019-7
1022:978-0-8131-7206-4
945:Mammalian Biology
878:People and Nature
666:, pp. 27–28.
627:, pp. 26–27.
298:African elephants
213:western honey bee
16:(Redirected from
1315:
1284:
1259:
1249:
1240:(3): 2223–2235.
1226:van Huis, Arnold
1221:
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1111:
1088:Moore, Lisa Jean
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310:African folklore
276:exposure therapy
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209:Africanized bees
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82:Exposure therapy
44:, also known as
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417:"melissophobia"
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387:
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374:List of phobias
370:
336:words for bee (
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287:affective labor
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237:
203:fear of spiders
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150:specific phobia
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58:specific phobia
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1196:(6): 836–845.
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951:(4): 355–363.
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825:, p. 202.
815:
803:
799:Pattinson 2019
791:
789:, p. 101.
787:Pattinson 2019
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767:
765:, p. 329.
755:
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741:, p. 170.
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683:
679:Milosevic 2015
668:
664:Milosevic 2015
656:
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625:Milosevic 2015
617:
615:, p. 163.
605:
603:, p. 161.
593:
581:
579:, p. 146.
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554:
552:, p. 134.
542:
527:
523:Milosevic 2015
510:
508:, p. 207.
495:
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480:
465:
463:, p. 836.
450:
433:
408:
404:Milosevic 2015
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693:, p. 10.
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681:, p. 28.
680:
675:
673:
669:
665:
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657:
654:, p. 35.
653:
652:Lockwood 2013
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645:
642:, p. 17.
641:
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567:, p. 67.
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
550:Lockwood 2013
546:
543:
540:, p. 16.
539:
534:
532:
528:
525:, p. 27.
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511:
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492:
487:
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481:
478:, p. 20.
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448:, p. 15.
447:
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406:, p. 26.
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271:urges to flee
268:
267:panic attacks
258:
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231:
230:abejas bravas
226:
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163:
162:fear of wasps
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133:
128:
118:
113:
108:
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103:melissophobia
100:
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88:
86:
83:
79:
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74:fear of wasps
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:melissophobia
51:
47:
43:
34:
30:
19:
18:Melissophobia
1265:
1237:
1233:
1193:
1187:
1158:(1): 19–32.
1155:
1151:
1124:
1092:
1065:
1035:
1011:
988:(1): 66–73.
985:
979:
948:
944:
918:(1): 14–18.
915:
911:
877:
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770:
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746:
734:
722:
717:, p. 5.
710:
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686:
659:
647:
620:
608:
596:
584:
572:
545:
425:. Retrieved
420:
411:
359:
356:
322:Confucionism
317:
314:witch doctor
307:
295:
280:
263:
242:
224:
207:
195:
187:
158:entomophobia
147:
131:
116:
106:
102:
98:
94:
92:
66:entomophobia
53:
49:
45:
42:fear of bees
41:
39:
29:
851:: 329–336.
225:killer bees
198:anaphylaxis
170:pollinators
89:Description
1308:Zoophobias
1303:Beekeeping
1292:Categories
1152:Anthrozoös
904:Crane, Eva
833:References
640:Crane 1976
538:Crane 1976
446:Crane 1976
427:2024-05-21
304:In society
283:beekeeping
245:bumblebees
221:xenophobia
95:apiophobia
78:beekeeping
70:bee stings
46:apiophobia
1256:1742-7592
1218:0307-6946
1172:0892-7936
967:1616-5047
932:0005-772X
912:Bee World
896:2575-8314
823:Horn 2006
739:Horn 2006
361:The Swarm
339:gwenanenn
99:apiphobia
50:apiphobia
1228:(2021).
1123:(eds.).
1033:(2013).
906:(1976).
368:See also
345:gwenenen
215:and the
166:comorbid
117:melisso-
1198:Bibcode
990:Bibcode
853:Bibcode
351:gwenyen
330:Cornish
252:Effects
235:transl.
152:by the
132:-phobia
127:mélissa
122:μέλισσᾰ
56:, is a
1277:
1254:
1216:
1170:
1135:
1104:
1076:
1047:
1019:
965:
930:
894:
348:, and
332:, and
326:Breton
324:. The
269:, and
176:Causes
142:phóbos
105:. The
380:Notes
334:Welsh
291:honey
190:stung
154:DSM-5
137:φόβος
101:, or
52:, or
1298:Bees
1275:ISBN
1252:ISSN
1214:ISSN
1168:ISSN
1133:ISBN
1102:ISBN
1074:ISBN
1045:ISBN
1017:ISBN
963:ISSN
928:ISSN
892:ISSN
318:feng
112:apis
107:api-
62:bees
40:The
1242:doi
1206:doi
1160:doi
998:doi
953:doi
949:100
920:doi
882:doi
861:doi
849:217
308:In
1294::
1273:.
1269:.
1250:.
1238:41
1236:.
1232:.
1212:.
1204:.
1194:43
1192:.
1186:.
1166:.
1156:30
1154:.
1150:.
1127:.
1100:.
1096:.
1072:.
1068:.
1043:.
1039:.
996:.
986:30
984:.
978:.
961:.
947:.
943:.
926:.
916:57
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