56:. They aim to provide compensation for losses endured by victims of abuse, and remedy prior wrongdoing. They also publicly recognize that victims are entitled to redress and respect. The United Nations Basic Principles on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation recognizes “commemorations and tributes to the victims” as a form of reparation.
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Memorialization can arouse controversy and present certain risks. In unstable political situations, memorials may increase desire for revenge and catalyze further violence. They are highly politicized processes that represent the will of those in power. They are thus difficult to shape, and
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in reference to hostility towards acts of commemoration that can result in violent assaults and in iconoclastic defacement or destruction of monuments. Beiner's studies suggest that rather than stamping out memorialization, decommemorating can paradoxically, function as a form of ambiguous
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Basic
Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of 16 December
38:, memorialisation honours the victims of human rights abuses. Memorials can help governments reconcile tensions with victims by demonstrating respect and acknowledging the past. They can also help to establish a record of history, and to prevent the recurrence of abuse.
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risk being drawn into disputes about the creation or maintenance of memorial sites. Yet they also have the potential to redress historical grievances and enable societies to progress.
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Louis
Bickford, “Memoryworks/memory works”, in Transitional Justice, Culture and Society: Beyond Outreach, Clara RamĂrez-Barat, ed. (New York, Social Science Research Council, 2014):
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remembrance, sustaining interest in controversial memorials. Destruction of monuments can also trigger renewed acts of memorialization (which Beiner labelled "re-commemorating").
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Forgetful
Remembrance: Social Forgetting and Vernacular Historiography of a Rebellion in Ulster (Oxford University Press, 2018)
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Report of the
Special Rapporteur in the field of cultural rights, Farida Shaheed Memorialization processes
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generally refers to the process of preserving memories of people or events. It can be a form of address or
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in mid 19th century China: its victims, their experience of the war, and the memorialization of the war.
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The Urge to
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or Heroes' Day. Commemoration observed by Tamil people to remember the deaths of militants.
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We Can't Be Sure Who Killed Us: Memory and
Memorialization in Post-conflict Northern Uganda
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Annual United States commemoration that promotes victims' rights and services.
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Brett, Sebastian; Bickford, Louis; Ĺ evÄŤenko, Liz; Rios, Marcela (2007).
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http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/CulturalRights/A-HRC-25-49_en.pdf
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International Center for
Transitional Justice, Truth and Memory page
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Gettysburg
Rostrum (Battlefield venue for historical commemorations)
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What
Remains: Coming to Terms with Civil War in 19th Century China.
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433:(Report). International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ).
344:(Report). International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ).
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Memorials can also be serious social and political forces in
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Memorialization and
Democracy: State Policy and Civic Action
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Iranian annual commemoration of the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war.
415:(Report). Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
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Yom HaShoah (Holocaust and Heroism Remembrance Day) Israel
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512:(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013).
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International Commemoration Day for Dead and Injured
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470:Barsalou, Judy; Baxter, Victoria (1 January 2007).
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16:Process of preserving memories of people or events
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355:Buckley-Zistel, S. / Schäfer, S. (eds.) (2014).
205:Commemorations of the Mountain Meadows massacre
59:There are numerous types of memorials used as
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481:(Report). Stabilization and Reconstruction.
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63:initiatives. These include architectural
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190:National Day of Commemoration (Ireland)
408:General Assembly of the United Nations
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303:participating institution membership
200:Khojaly Massacre Commemoration Day
169:Reparations (transitional justice)
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426:Hopwood, Julian (February 2011).
80:Museum of Memory and Human Rights
479:United States Institute of Peace
357:Memorials in Times of Transition
271:(Online ed.). 21 July 2023.
195:Commemoration of Husayn ibn Ali
164:Transitional Justice Institute
105:international relief workers,
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94:Challenges of memorialization
48:Memorials are also a form of
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119:has introduced a concept of
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268:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
220:Crime Victims' Rights Week
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290:Oxford English Dictionary
359:. Antwerp: Intersentia.
295:Oxford University Press
174:Holocaust Memorial Days
78:Another example is the
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508:Tobie S. Meyer-Fong.
88:military dictatorship
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159:Transitional Justice
61:transitional justice
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293:(Online ed.).
232:Sacred Defence Week
385:has generic name (
317:"Truth and Memory"
242:Bataan Death March
43:democracy-building
34:In the context of
522:Taiping rebellion
520:. A study of the
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109:, and
69:Uganda
475:(PDF)
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