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632:, spoke on behalf of the protesters when he stated that they wanted no more bloodshed: "We shall return tomorrow with no weapons, but armed with courage and determination to seek justice for our slain comrades." True enough, the number of protesters near the Malacanang Palace increased, from the initial 10,000 to over 15,000 and growing. As a result of the increased dialogue between the government and the rallyists, more protests and the number of protesters increased, and not just at the site of the Mendiola Bridge and the Malacanang Palace. In
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412:. The group presented their problems and demands: give land for free to farmers, end the retention of lands by landlords, and halt the amortizations of land payments. Dialogue between the farmers, represented by Jaime Tadeo, and the government, represented by Agrarian Reform Minister Heherson Alvarez, took place on January 20, 1987. Alvarez promised to bring the matter to the President's attention during the next day's cabinet meeting.
655:(NUSP) challenged President Aquino to sign an executive order carrying out a minimum program of land reform presented to her by the Kilusang Magbubukid. Aside from the challenge of the NUSP, KMP Chairman Jaime Tadeo said that the Aquinos should distribute their 6,000 hectare (14,600 acre) estate in Central Luzon as a model for land reform. In response to this, President Aquino was reportedly prepared to distribute at least parts of
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282:
659:, and the Aquino sugar plantation as part of the supposed land reform program, but never did so. In order to improve relations with the protesters, (including the groups Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas, Kilusang Mayo Uno, the August Twenty-One Movement, and the Bagong Alyansang Makabayan) President Aquino allowed the protesters to cross the Mendiola Bridge and march towards Malacañang Palace.
538:
members and another 2,000,000 familiars were expected to join the said protest. As part of the protest, farmers were instructed to go on a farming strike, barricading major produce routes, and forcibly seizing agricultural inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers from abusive landlords. KMP leader Jaime Tadeo also demanded for the immediate resignation of then
Defense Minister
288:
509:. They clashed with the police, and the police lines were breached. At this point, gunshots were fired, signalling the start of the killings, and the activists disengaged from the melee, retreating towards Recto Avenue. Sporadic gunfire increased amidst the withdrawal. Alfredo Lim, mayor of Manila in 2007, conjectures that the Marines were responsible for the shooting.
578:
incompetence of the
Ministry of Agrarian Reform, which was strongly believed to be the primary reason for the massacre. Lastly, the letter demanded the Aquino government to mend its governance and side with the Filipinos, particularly to the peasants, workers, and the poor in place of only the Filipinos associated with the upper class and foreign lands.
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warning shots and threw pillbox and tear gas canisters to the supporters which started an even worse commotion. Twelve marchers were immediately confirmed dead. At least fifty people were injured, six of which were policemen; the victims were taken to different hospitals around the area namely: Far
Eastern University Hospital,
537:
Death toll rose the next day, reaching eighteen deaths. Injury toll also rose to one hundred one people. As a response to the
Mendiola massacre, leaders from the Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas announced that they will be staging a nationwide protest condemning the mass killing. An estimated 750,000
355:
Calls for just and comprehensive land reforms to
President Aquino were unheeded. The turbulent turn of events sparked rallies and demonstrations taken part by farmers, workers, and students protesting the injustice. According to reports of survivors, riot personnel disguised as civilians opened fire
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The farmers' response to this legislation was also critical. They asserted that the legislation goes against the democratic process of land ownership and protects landlord interests. They also state that, having been passed long after public rage and condemnation followed the government during the
517:
The
Western Police District, Marines, Special Weapons and Tactics team, and Military, all colluded to barricade the entrance of the Malacañang Palace. They formed multiple lines of defense, but could not make the marching rallyists depart. The second line of defense, composed of the Marines, fired
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regarding the mass shooting. In his statement, he showed vexation towards the reaction of the armed forces towards the rallyists. He also then said
President Aquino had a private militia known as "The Yellow Army” that was responsible for the massacre because of a lack of attention given to the
594:(NBI). Overall, the findings were not conclusive as to who should be held responsible for the killings. On February 28, 1987, upon completion of the investigations regarding the Mendiola massacre, the Citizens Mendiola Commission suggested to President Aquino to file sedition charges to Tadeo.
577:
Following the incident was the
February 4, 1987, letter addressed to President Aquino indicating the desires of most of the Filipinos, especially the poor and the oppressed, which is "bringing about a more progressive and stable foundation for upholding their rights." The KMP emphasizes on the
380:
and oligarchs perpetuated the abuse of farmers and peasants. The newly raised administration acted as a fresh opportunity for minorities to supplicate their respective grievances. The farmers pushed the new government amendments in the agrarian law. However, their representatives were told by
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said in an interview that the marchers were to blame for the shooting, as they attempted to break the barricade set up by the armed forces. However, he admitted that the military might have "overreacted" on their response to the protesters, ultimately undermining their part in the tragedy.
415:
The response of the administration toward the protests, particularly in the
Mendiola incident, was a violent dispersal. Whether or not it was a deliberate action or a miscommunicated order, the Mendiola incident showed that there were people who were dissatisfied with the self-preserving
671:(CARP). It was passed as "an agriculturally-based, economically-driven" reform. This reform applied to all types of agricultural land, both public and private, regardless of tenure arrangement and crops produced. It aimed to redistribute 9,773,870 ha of land to 3,713,110 beneficiaries.
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The
Citizen's Mendiola Commission (CMC), formed by Aquino to investigate on the incident released its official report on the day of February 27, 1987. The commissioners noted that the rallyers did not secure a permit; the members of crowd-disturbance units were armed with pistols and
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However, CARP experienced slow implementation due to the land evaluation processes of the time, the lack of guidelines for landowner compensation, troubles with landowner-tenant negotiations, and the lack of institutional coordination between agrarian administrative agencies.
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brought about the prospects of rebuilding the formal institutions of democracy and the fundamentals of the Philippine economy. Conflicts with secessionist groups in Mindanao, ballooning national debts, and severe economic inequality plagued the newly-installed administration.
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to wait for the finalization of the new Philippine Constitution and the new Congress, which made the farmers suspicious of this indecisiveness. Furthermore, the new Congress that would supposedly make the laws that will carry out the reforms was dominated by the landlords.
648:. Talks regarding the agrarian reforms were shortly suspended because both sides failed to reach a common agenda, due to the real threat to the members of both panels at the time (pertaining to the rebels and insurgents against the Aquino administration at the time).
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One such severe manifestation of the economic inequality can be seen in the agrarian problems of the Philippines at that time. Promised land reforms during the Marcos regime failed to bring agrarian justice to the farmers. Instead,
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The government disallowed the conduct of demonstrations at Mendiola. However, in January 2008, Mayor Alfredo Lim allowed rallies at the landmark, as long as they were held on weekends and holidays.
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In 1988, the Manila Regional Trial Court issued a decision to dismiss a P6.5-million class suit filed by relatives of the victims. This decision was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1993.
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618:, resigned from the government. Moreover, other members of the Presidential Committee on Human Rights asked for the resignation of Defense Minister Ileto and Gen.
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Aquino's EO 229 failed to address the root of agrarian problems of the country, disappointing the farmers and causing them to protest against the administration.
586:; armed soldiers in civilian clothing were among the crowd; some of the demonstrators carried weapons; and Jaime Tadeo, KMP's leader, uttered words that incited
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420:(NDF), the main communist coalition at the time to defer from peace talks with the new government, ending hopes for reconciliation for agrarian reforms.
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that is based on the 1961 short story "Tata Selo" by Roger Sikat but set before and during the Mendiola massacre. It stars Ray Ventura, Beth Mondragon,
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Because of the problems in the implementation of CARP, public faith in government credibility and its capability to undertake reforms diminished.
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oligarchs-legislators who backed Aquino's administration. The violent dispersal became a tipping point for key anti-government groups such as the
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590:. However, the commission failed to identify who fired on the marchers and recommended further investigation by the
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from the Aquino government. On January 15, 1987, KMP members encamped at the Ministry of Agrarian Reform (now the
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said was the only time he was seen to be "near tears". Atty. Diokno died soon after the event and according to
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in order to air their needs instead of having the chance to negotiate with Heherson Alvarez. Marching from the
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853:), a 1989 film about disillusionment with the Aquino administration caused by government-supported killings
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marker at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani in Quezon City, commemorating the 20th anniversary of the incident.
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Mendiola Massacre, it was passed as a counter-insurgency measure, instead of for genuine social justice.
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1979:
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636:, an estimated 2,000 protesters barricaded highways, including the highway linking Eastern Pampanga and
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unit, the Marine Civil Disturbance Control Battalion. Positioned behind the Marines were army trucks,
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2004:
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1606:
1581:
1245:
Martin, Aurora L. Almeda (1999). "Philippine Land Reform Cycles: Perpetuating U.S. Colonial Policy".
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Field Force units. The third line, a further ten yards from the second police line, consisted of a
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1999:
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1009:
The End of an Illusion: The Mendiola Massacre and Political Transition in Post-Marcos Philippines
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and held a brief presentation. At around the same time, anti-riot personnel under the command of
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As a response to the incident, in 1987, the Aquino Government at last implemented a
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448:(Unity Congress of the Urban Poor). At 1:00 in the afternoon, the marchers reached
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17:
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797:"Tulay ng Kalayaan" Historical marker ("Freedom Bridge" or Chino Roces Bridge")
396:(KMP or Peasant Movement of the Philippines), a militant farmers' group led by
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3322:
3110:
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2151:
1953:
1304:"No rally policy on Mendiola designed to avoid repeat of 1987 bloody incident"
745:
744:
In late 1990, playwright and filmmaker Lito Tiongson directed a short film on
287:
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1474:
1139:
3950:
3863:
2599:
2579:
2390:
2124:
2017:
1466:. Quezon City, Philippines: National Council of Churches in the Philippines.
482:
from the Western Police District. About ten yards behind the policemen were
111:
723:
Presidential Committee on Human Rights, now the Commission on Human Rights
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3518:
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1929:
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1388:
1360:
633:
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587:
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101:
1260:
1200:. Manila, Philippines: National Historical Institute. 1994. p. 272.
987:
699:
461:
3253:
Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity and Nationalism, Inc.
356:
on unarmed protesters killing at least 12 and injuring 51 protesters.
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3779:
3662:
3352:
1806:
698:
In 2007, members of the Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas installed a
479:
979:
Report on Philippine Extrajudicial Killings from 2001 – August 2010
3835:
3293:
1024:
A Captive Land: The Politics of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines
641:
1038:"The Mendiola Massacre: What happened according to jurisprudence"
3337:
1064:
Twenty-five years since the Mendiola massacre in the Philippines
436:, Tadeo's group was joined by members of other militant groups:
1505:
478:
The first line of civil disturbance control units consisted of
2981:
Others who withdrew support during the People Power revolution
505:
The marchers numbered 10,000–15,000 by the time they reached
352:
in protest for the lack of government action on land reform.
1419:. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. November 8, 1990. p. 17
1329:"Mendiola now open to rallyists on weekends, holidays – Lim"
1102:"The Bloody Mendiola Massacre Took Place 34 Years Ago Today"
725:
resigned in disgust, which his daughter national historian
1737:
Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship
1732:
Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship
444:(New Patriotic Alliance), League of Filipino Students and
341:
on January 22, 1987, in which state security forces under
1356:"José W. Diokno: The Scholar-Warrior by Jose Dalisay, Jr"
3587:
The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
1279:"Compensation Bill for Mendiola Massacre Victims Sought"
622:
for their alleged complicity in the Mendiola massacre.
3885:
A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution
3608:
Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years
428:
On January 22, 1987, the farmers decided to march to
1128:"TROOPS IN MANILA KILL 12 IN CROWD AT LEFTIST RALLY"
3967:
3915:
3727:
3694:
3685:
3655:
3624:
3578:
3549:
3487:
3480:
3433:
3382:
3375:
3311:
3195:
3144:
3017:
2884:
2774:
2497:
2077:
2036:
1916:
1895:
1888:
1835:
1755:
1667:
1552:
554:for "they were directly involved in the massacre."
133:
125:
117:
107:
95:
85:
75:
57:
52:
27:
1987 mass killing of political protesters in Manila
3263:Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties
2895:Resistance during the Marcos administration years
475:were deployed around the vicinity of Malacañang.
3982:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
1865:Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal
129:74 (51 demonstrators, 23 state security forces)
3637:Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan
3248:Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan
1517:
1011:. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky.
653:National Union of Students of the Philippines
498:and two Mobile Dispersal Teams equipped with
306:
8:
446:Kongreso ng Pagkakaisa ng Maralitang Lungsod
4077:20th-century mass murder in the Philippines
3843:Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin
1384:"Defining Jose W. Diokno by F. Sionil Jose"
1272:
1270:
460:, Task Force Nazareno under the command of
3691:
3540:Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree
3484:
3468:Presidential Commission on Good Government
3379:
3299:United Nationalist Democratic Organization
1892:
1860:Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family
1697:Construction of "edifice complex" projects
1524:
1510:
1502:
756:, Rody Vera, Nanding Josef and Bon Vibar.
313:
299:
142:
49:
4047:Extrajudicial killings in the Philippines
4027:History of the Philippines (1986–present)
1079:"Lim clarifies role in Mendiola Massacre"
3906:Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?
1160:"The Manila Standard". January 23, 1987.
889:
887:
606:, the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the
348:violently dispersed a farmers' march to
3273:Task Force Detainees of the Philippines
1845:Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family
1747:Timeline of the People Power Revolution
883:
763:
467:and police forces under the command of
145:
3977:Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality
896:"Farmers remember 'Mendiola Massacre'"
608:Presidential Committee on Human Rights
3458:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1185:"The Sunday Times". January 25, 1987.
1174:"The Manila Times". January 24, 1987.
1169:
1167:
1100:De Guzman, Nicai (January 22, 2019).
917:
915:
669:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
598:Immediate consequences of the protest
530:, Mary Chiles Hospital, Singian, and
246:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
196:1986 Philippine presidential election
7:
3338:Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)
3268:National Movement for Free Elections
1026:. Ateneo de Manila University Press.
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
971:
969:
862:List of massacres in the Philippines
3420:Second Great Rectification Movement
3243:Justice for Aquino, Justice for All
1577:Philippines–United States relations
1438:Canby, Vincent (October 13, 1989).
1354:Dalisay, Jr., Jose (May 23, 2011).
1077:Lopez, Allison (January 21, 2008).
329:was an incident that took place on
3228:Concerned Women of the Philippines
2332:Jose Benedicto Luis "J.B.L." Reyes
1533:Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
894:Espina, Nonoy (January 21, 2007).
663:Government legislation as response
524:Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center
25:
4067:Labor disputes in the Philippines
3940:: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story
1126:Mydans, Seth (January 23, 1987).
2935:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
2130:Lorenzo M. "Ka Tanny" Tañada Sr.
1812:Murder of Juan "Johnny" Escandor
1692:1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid
1382:José, F. Sionil (May 23, 2011).
826:
814:
802:
790:
778:
766:
592:National Bureau of Investigation
394:Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas
286:
280:
150:
137:Philippine state security forces
81:approximately 4:30 p.m. (UTC +8)
4072:1987 labor disputes and strikes
4042:Massacres of protesters in Asia
3258:Movement for a Free Philippines
3208:Alliance of Makati Associations
2244:Ribomapil "Dodong" Holganza Sr.
1985:Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.
1934:Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.
1659:Human rights in the Philippines
1629:1969 balance of payments crisis
261:1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo
3787:Evolution of a Filipino Family
3642:Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!
2952:Col. Eduardo "Red" Kapunan Jr.
2505:Academics and cultural workers
2209:Margarita "Tingting" Cojuangco
1562:Martial law in the Philippines
949:"Supreme Court G.R. No. 84607"
566:rallyists before their March.
1:
2992:Commodore Tagumpay Jardiniano
1722:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
1712:Beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz
406:Department of Agrarian Reform
4037:Presidency of Corazon Aquino
4032:Massacres in the Philippines
3601:Some Are Smarter Than Others
3290:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino
2312:Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr.
1792:Murder of Archimedes Trajano
1440:"The Dismay Among Filipinos"
1198:Filipinos in History Vol. IV
241:1987 Philippine Constitution
203:President of the Philippines
4062:Protests in the Philippines
4057:January 1987 events in Asia
3512:Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo
3233:Free Legal Assistance Group
2369:Religious sector opposition
2204:Jose "Peping" Cojuangco Jr.
2178:Political sector opposition
2120:Jovito R. "Ka Jovy" Salonga
520:Philippine General Hospital
4093:
4022:Military history of Manila
3463:Philippine National Police
3453:Commission on Human Rights
3425:Burial of Ferdinand Marcos
3223:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
3218:August Twenty One Movement
2136:Business sector opposition
2095:Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.
2000:Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez
1990:MarĂa Imelda "Imee" Marcos
1880:Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
1546:Batas Militar sa Pilipinas
714:From key political figures
640:, and the highway linking
484:Integrated National Police
442:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
369:election to the presidency
3829:The Last Journey of Ninoy
3410:Anti-Aquino coup attempts
2948:Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan
2638:Gaston Z. "Gasty" Ortigas
2292:Sergio "Serge" Osmeña III
1797:Murder of Macli-ing Dulag
1707:Interim Batasang Pambansa
1543:
1462:Maglipon, Jo-Ann (1987).
1083:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1062:Santolan, Joseph (2012).
1007:Curaming, Rommel (2004).
901:Philippine Daily Inquirer
418:National Democratic Front
3615:Waltzing with a Dictator
2152:Eugenio "Geny" Lopez Jr.
2115:Gerardo M. "Gerry" Roxas
2110:Salvador H. "Doy" Laurel
2105:José W. "Ka Pepe" Diokno
2100:Corazon C. "Cory" Aquino
1411:"Tiongson's film at CCP"
1228:Malaya, January 27, 1987
1219:Malaya, January 26, 1987
1210:Malaya, January 24, 1987
561:released a statement in
159:This article is part of
4007:1987 in the Philippines
3695:Monuments and memorials
3632:Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
3553:during the dictatorship
2458:The Magnificent Seven (
2327:Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo
2189:Ceferino "Joker" Arroyo
2147:Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.
2014:Florentino Sanico Solon
1537:People Power Revolution
833:Barbed wires, barricade
488:Philippine Marine Corps
469:Western Police District
210:People Power Revolution
39:Infobox civilian attack
3712:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
3238:Gabriela Women's Party
3091:Letty Jimenez Magsanoc
2995:Col. Charles Hotchkiss
2829:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
2590:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
2570:Gilda Cordero Fernando
2498:Academic and cultural
2142:Jose S. Concepcion Jr.
1817:Murder of Alex Orcullo
1807:Bacong Bridge massacre
1488:14.60012°N 120.99132°E
1277:Corpuz, Gerry Albert.
721:, the Chairman of the
454:Capital Region Command
434:Quezon Memorial Circle
44:considered for merging
3702:People Power Monument
3126:Joaquin "Chino" Roces
2844:Felixberto Olalia Sr.
2731:Abraham Sarmiento Jr.
2625:Francisco Nemenzo Jr.
2342:Abraham Sarmiento Sr.
2239:Teofisto Guingona Jr.
2090:Agapito "Butz" Aquino
2079:Mainstream opposition
1980:Antonio Floirendo Sr.
1682:Proclamation No. 1081
1649:Plaza Miranda bombing
1572:Conjugal dictatorship
740:In media and the arts
691:Eventual consequences
651:On another note, the
557:Then exiled dictator
256:1990 Luzon earthquake
230:1986–90 coup attempts
3213:Anti-Bases Coalition
3203:Political coalitions
3111:Antonio "Tony" Nieva
2775:Left-wing opposition
2475:Julio Xavier Labayen
2005:Ignacio Santiago Sr.
1654:Filipino nationalism
1597:Communist insurgency
1582:American imperialism
1464:The Mendiola Tragedy
872:1986 EDSA Revolution
809:"Chino Roces Bridge"
602:In protest over the
440:(May One Movement),
220:Communist insurgency
3968:Disinformation and
3899:Season of the Devil
3801:From What Is Before
3562:Iginuhit ng Tadhana
3153:Stephen W. Bosworth
3076:Inday Espina-Varona
2998:Col. Antonio Sotelo
2746:Southern Tagalog 10
2716:Tish Pascual-Ladlad
2322:Soledad Roa Duterte
2302:Cecilia Muñoz-Palma
2037:Cabinet Technocrats
1975:Manuel Elizalde Jr.
1960:Macario Asistio Jr.
1875:Golden Buddha theft
1870:Coco Levy Fund scam
1777:Political detainees
1767:Human rights abuses
1634:First Quarter Storm
1493:14.60012; 120.99132
1484: /
953:The LawPhil Project
923:"Mendiola Massacre"
857:1987 in Philippines
785:Mendiola Peace Arch
424:March to Malacañang
400:, demanded genuine
3857:Martyr or Murderer
3850:Maid in Malacañang
3526:Saranggola ni Pepe
3395:Operation Big Bird
3147:interested parties
3101:Teodoro Locsin Sr.
3096:Jose "Pete" Lacaba
3040:Ronnie Nathanielsz
3035:Jose "Joe" Guevara
2863:Crispin Tagamolila
2741:Archimedes Trajano
2736:Antonio Tagamolila
2615:Bienvenido Lumbera
2565:Renato Constantino
2515:APO Hiking Society
2444:Mary Christine Tan
2411:Mary John Mananzan
2381:Teodoro Bacani Jr.
2267:Diosdado Macapagal
2219:Hilario Davide Jr.
2214:Roberto Concepcion
2125:Cardinal Jaime Sin
1822:Escalante massacre
1782:Palimbang massacre
1677:1972 Enrile ambush
1445:The New York Times
1335:. January 18, 2008
1248:Philippine Studies
1132:The New York Times
1022:Putzel, J (1992).
929:. January 22, 2008
867:Escalante massacre
750:Isang Munting Lupa
532:Ospital ng Maynila
450:Liwasang Bonifacio
335:San Miguel, Manila
66:San Miguel, Manila
4052:Massacres in 1987
4012:Agrarian politics
3994:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3681:
3680:
3476:
3475:
3446:1987 Constitution
3441:Aquino Presidency
3400:Mendiola massacre
3368:Villamor Air Base
3358:Malacañang Palace
3307:
3306:
3279:Political parties
3086:Betty Go-Belmonte
3009:Benjamin Magalong
2942:Juan Ponce Enrile
2928:Marcos G. Soliman
2908:Bonifacio Gillego
2885:Opposition in the
2654:Student activists
2630:Willie Nepomuceno
2610:Salvador P. Lopez
2555:Benedicto Cabrera
2535:Lualhati Bautista
2500:sector opposition
2431:Miguel Purugganan
2386:Mariani Dimaranan
2352:Claudio Teehankee
2282:Primitivo Mijares
2257:Eva Estrada Kalaw
2162:Alfonso Yuchengco
1965:Roberto Benedicto
1939:Juan Ponce Enrile
1787:Tictapul massacre
1687:1973 Constitution
1089:on June 16, 2008.
908:on June 16, 2008.
679:Reception of CARP
630:Kilusang Mayo Uno
550:, and Brig. Gen.
471:Chief Brig. Gen.
438:Kilusang Mayo Uno
430:Malacañang Palace
350:Malacañang Palace
327:Mendiola massacre
323:
322:
274:Death and Funeral
251:1989 civil unrest
236:Mendiola massacre
176:
175:
141:
140:
79:January 22, 1987
53:Mendiola massacre
18:Mendiola Massacre
16:(Redirected from
4084:
3938:Maalaala Mo Kaya
3892:Sa Dulo ng Baril
3794:Forbidden Memory
3766:A Dangerous Life
3692:
3551:Political Films
3498:Bagong Pagsilang
3485:
3380:
3158:Henry A. Byroade
3121:Napoleon G. Rama
3030:Adrian Cristobal
2969:Hector Tarrazona
2902:Ramon A. Alcaraz
2854:Jose Maria Sison
2811:Bernabe Buscayno
2755:Gerardo Faustino
2750:Cristina Catalla
2691:Bonifacio Ilagan
2643:Nemesio Prudente
2524:Boboy Garrovillo
2465:Federico Escaler
2460:Francisco Claver
2426:Magnifico Osorio
2362:Calixto Zaldivar
2317:Eduardo Quintero
2297:Ambrosio Padilla
2234:Raul M. Gonzalez
2229:Neptali Gonzales
2167:Quintin Yuyitung
2069:Carlos P. Romulo
2064:Placido Mapa Jr.
2023:Arturo Tolentino
2010:Ricardo Silverio
1903:Ferdinand Marcos
1893:
1612:Jabidah massacre
1526:
1519:
1512:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1467:
1450:
1449:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1265:
1264:
1242:
1229:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1085:. Archived from
1074:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1034:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1004:
989:
986:
984:
973:
964:
963:
961:
959:
945:
939:
938:
936:
934:
919:
910:
909:
904:. Archived from
891:
830:
818:
806:
794:
782:
770:
657:Hacienda Luisita
559:Ferdinand Marcos
383:Heherson Alvarez
315:
308:
301:
290:
284:
172:
171:
169:
162:
154:
147:
146:
143:
50:
47:
21:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4017:Filmed killings
3997:
3996:
3995:
3986:
3969:
3963:
3911:
3871:Oras de Peligro
3723:
3687:
3677:
3651:
3620:
3574:
3552:
3545:
3472:
3429:
3371:
3303:
3198:pressure groups
3197:
3191:
3168:George Hamilton
3146:
3140:
3136:Jose Mari Velez
3066:Amando Doronila
3051:Eugenia Apostol
3027:
3013:
2957:Jose T. Almonte
2921:Danilo Vizmanos
2914:Rogelio Morales
2886:
2880:
2806:Crispin Beltran
2770:
2760:Rizalina Ilagan
2721:Nestor Principe
2711:Armando Palabay
2686:Antonio Hilario
2676:Neri Colmenares
2671:Manuel Bautista
2666:Edgar Ang Sinco
2605:Celeste Legaspi
2510:Freddie Aguilar
2507:
2499:
2493:
2480:Orlando Quevedo
2470:Antonio Fortich
2406:Isabelo Magalit
2401:Inocencio Ipong
2376:Zacarias Agatep
2347:Wigberto Tañada
2307:Vicente Paterno
2287:Ramon Mitra Jr.
2073:
2032:
2028:Nicanor Yñiguez
1970:José Yao Campos
1912:
1884:
1850:Marcos mansions
1831:
1772:Torture methods
1758:
1751:
1663:
1644:Diliman Commune
1639:Agrarian reform
1617:Manili massacre
1548:
1539:
1530:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1457:Further reading
1454:
1453:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1416:Manila Standard
1409:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1366:
1364:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1338:
1336:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1268:
1244:
1243:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1005:
992:
982:
976:Parreno, Al A.
975:
974:
967:
957:
955:
947:
946:
942:
932:
930:
921:
920:
913:
893:
892:
885:
880:
841:
834:
831:
822:
819:
810:
807:
798:
795:
786:
783:
774:
771:
762:
742:
731:National Artist
716:
711:
693:
681:
665:
626:Crispin Beltran
600:
515:
502:delivery gear.
456:commander Gen.
426:
402:agrarian reform
378:Marcos' cronies
362:
331:Mendiola Street
319:
285:
278:
268:Post-Presidency
265:
232:
206:
200:
167:
165:
164:
163:
160:
158:
98:
80:
62:Mendiola Street
48:
32:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4090:
4088:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
3999:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3924:Here Lies Love
3919:
3917:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3745:Barber's Tales
3741:
3733:
3731:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3689:
3688:historiography
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3611:
3604:
3597:
3590:
3582:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3565:
3557:
3555:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3522:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3405:1987 elections
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3365:
3363:Ortigas Center
3360:
3355:
3350:
3348:Fort Magsaysay
3345:
3343:Fort Bonifacio
3340:
3335:
3330:
3328:Clark Air Base
3325:
3320:
3318:Camp Aguinaldo
3315:
3313:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3294:Lakas ng Bayan
3287:
3276:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3131:Maximo Soliven
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3005:
3003:Rodolfo Biazon
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2988:Fidel V. Ramos
2978:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2950:
2944:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2904:
2892:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2867:Benito Tiamzon
2864:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2849:Rolando Olalia
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:Filemon Lagman
2831:
2826:
2825:Luis Jalandoni
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2791:Conrado Balweg
2788:
2786:Lean Alejandro
2783:
2781:Fidel Agcaoili
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2706:Carol Pagaduan
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2661:Lean Alejandro
2650:
2648:Kidlat Tahimik
2645:
2640:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2560:Behn Cervantes
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:Ishmael Bernal
2542:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2521:
2512:
2503:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2421:Pacifico Ortiz
2418:
2416:Violeta Marcos
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2277:Raul Manglapus
2274:
2272:Ernesto Maceda
2269:
2264:
2262:José B. Lingad
2259:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2224:Marcelo Fernan
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Jacobo Amatong
2175:
2174:
2172:Rizal Yuyitung
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:Armand Fabella
2051:
2046:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1995:Roberto Ongpin
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1742:Snap elections
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:1981 elections
1714:
1709:
1704:
1702:1978 elections
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1624:1969 elections
1621:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1567:1965 elections
1564:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1430:
1402:
1374:
1346:
1320:
1308:News.op.gov.ph
1295:
1266:
1255:(2): 181–205.
1230:
1221:
1212:
1203:
1188:
1177:
1163:
1152:
1118:
1092:
1069:
1054:
1029:
1014:
990:
965:
940:
911:
882:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
825:
823:
820:
813:
811:
808:
801:
799:
796:
789:
787:
784:
777:
775:
772:
765:
761:
758:
741:
738:
734:F. Sionil José
719:José W. Diokno
715:
712:
710:
707:
692:
689:
680:
677:
664:
661:
620:Fidel V. Ramos
612:José W. Diokno
599:
596:
514:
511:
465:Cesar Nazareno
425:
422:
408:) in Diliman,
365:Corazon Aquino
361:
358:
346:Corazon Aquino
321:
320:
318:
317:
310:
303:
295:
292:
291:
279:
277:
276:
264:
263:
258:
253:
248:
243:
238:
233:
227:
222:
217:
212:
199:
198:
192:
191:
186:
178:
177:
174:
173:
168:Corazon Aquino
161:a series about
157:
155:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
96:
93:
92:
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
59:
55:
54:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4089:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:distortionism
3966:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3824:
3823:
3822:The Kingmaker
3819:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3752:Batas Militar
3749:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3684:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3548:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3415:UP-DND accord
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3333:Club Filipino
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3285:Liberal Party
3283:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3189:
3188:Ronald Reagan
3186:
3184:
3183:Paul Manafort
3181:
3179:
3178:Richard Lugar
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:Armando Malay
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:Ma Ceres Doyo
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3020:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2976:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2889:
2883:
2878:
2877:Antonio Zumel
2875:
2873:
2872:Wilma Tiamzon
2870:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Victor Corpus
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:Lorena Barros
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2765:Jessica Sales
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Joel Lamangan
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Liliosa Hilao
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:Bibeth Orteza
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2575:Butch Dalisay
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2550:Noel Cabangon
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2455:
2454:Ricardo Vidal
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2396:Tullio Favali
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:Rene Saguisag
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:Vicente Jayme
2252:
2250:
2249:Evelio Javier
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2199:Cesar Climaco
2197:
2195:
2194:Jejomar Binay
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2059:Jaime C. Laya
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2049:Onofre Corpuz
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1908:Imelda Marcos
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Marcos jewels
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1827:Beew massacre
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1802:Daet massacre
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1757:Human rights
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1727:Negros famine
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1602:Moro conflict
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1522:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1468:
1465:
1456:
1448:. p. 13.
1447:
1446:
1441:
1434:
1431:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1391:
1390:
1385:
1378:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1350:
1347:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1321:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1189:
1181:
1178:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1153:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
991:
988:
981:
980:
972:
970:
966:
954:
950:
944:
941:
928:
924:
918:
916:
912:
907:
903:
902:
897:
890:
888:
884:
877:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
852:
848:
847:
843:
842:
838:
829:
824:
817:
812:
805:
800:
793:
788:
781:
776:
769:
764:
759:
757:
755:
754:Joel Lamangan
751:
747:
739:
737:
735:
732:
728:
724:
720:
713:
708:
706:
703:
701:
696:
690:
688:
684:
678:
676:
672:
670:
662:
660:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
597:
595:
593:
589:
585:
579:
575:
572:
571:Ramon Montano
567:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
548:Ramon Montano
546:, Brig. Gen.
545:
541:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
512:
510:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
492:water cannons
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
463:
459:
458:Ramon Montaño
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
423:
421:
419:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
390:
387:
384:
379:
373:
370:
366:
359:
357:
353:
351:
347:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
316:
311:
309:
304:
302:
297:
296:
294:
293:
289:
283:
275:
272:
271:
270:
269:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
231:
228:
226:
225:Moro conflict
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
207:
205:
204:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
180:
179:
170:
156:
153:
149:
148:
144:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
94:
91:
90:Demonstration
88:
84:
78:
74:
71:
67:
63:
60:
56:
51:
45:
41:
40:
36:
30:
19:
3956:
3936:
3922:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3759:Citizen Jake
3757:
3750:
3743:
3738:Ako si Ninoy
3736:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3567:
3560:
3434:Institutions
3399:
3278:
3277:
3202:
3163:Philip Habib
3116:Alex Orcullo
3081:Chit Estella
3044:
3043:
3024:
2980:
2979:
2963:Victor Batac
2933:
2932:
2893:
2888:Armed Forces
2839:Satur Ocampo
2801:Walden Bello
2726:Susan Quimpo
2696:Edgar Jopson
2652:
2651:
2620:Leah Navarro
2585:Nick Joaquin
2519:Danny Javier
2504:
2488:Jesus Varela
2449:Carlos Tayag
2436:James Reuter
2367:
2366:
2357:Haydee Yorac
2177:
2176:
2157:Jaime Ongpin
2135:
2134:
2084:
2044:Cesar Virata
1944:Romeo Espino
1545:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1443:
1433:
1421:. Retrieved
1414:
1405:
1393:. Retrieved
1387:
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1359:
1349:
1337:. Retrieved
1332:
1323:
1311:. Retrieved
1307:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1283:Bulatlat.com
1282:
1252:
1246:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1191:
1180:
1155:
1143:. Retrieved
1131:
1121:
1109:. Retrieved
1105:
1095:
1087:the original
1082:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1045:. Retrieved
1041:
1032:
1023:
1017:
1008:
978:
956:. Retrieved
952:
943:
931:. Retrieved
926:
906:the original
899:
850:
846:Fight for Us
844:
749:
743:
727:Maris Diokno
717:
704:
697:
694:
685:
682:
673:
666:
650:
646:Angeles City
638:San Fernando
628:, leader of
624:
616:J.B.L. Reyes
601:
580:
576:
568:
556:
540:Rafael Ileto
536:
528:UST Hospital
516:
507:Recto Avenue
504:
477:
445:
441:
437:
427:
414:
393:
391:
388:
374:
363:
354:
326:
324:
267:
266:
235:
202:
201:
134:Perpetrators
37:
29:
3916:Other media
3717:individuals
3707:EDSA Shrine
3686:Legacy and
3673:Raised fist
3647:Never again
3173:Paul Laxalt
3056:David Bueno
3019:Journalists
2975:Billy Bibit
2926:Brig. Gen.
2821:Maita Gomez
2540:Lino Brocka
2529:Jim Paredes
2484:Felix Perez
2440:Rudy Romano
1949:Fidel Ramos
1837:Kleptocracy
1607:Sabah claim
1592:Vietnam War
1491: /
1479:120°59′29″E
1395:October 14,
1367:October 14,
1145:October 18,
1111:October 18,
1042:Jlp-law.com
851:Orapronobis
552:Alfredo Lim
544:Fidel Ramos
496:fire trucks
473:Alfredo Lim
410:Quezon City
398:Jaime Tadeo
339:Philippines
97:Attack type
70:Philippines
33:‹ The
4001:Categories
3773:Dekada '70
3668:Laban sign
3594:Dekada '70
3579:Literature
3323:Camp Crame
3196:Political
3061:Joe Burgos
3045:Opposition
3025:Pro-Marcos
2900:Commodore
2859:Nilo Tayag
2595:Inang Laya
1954:Fabian Ver
1554:Background
1476:14°36′00″N
958:August 28,
878:References
773:Peace Dove
360:Background
215:Presidency
184:Early Life
112:Small arms
3951:Makinilya
3376:Aftermath
3312:Locations
3145:American
2986:Lt. Gen.
2600:Ricky Lee
2580:The Jerks
2391:Joe Dizon
2018:Lucio Tan
1922:Relatives
1140:0362-4331
709:Reactions
584:armalites
513:Aftermath
480:policemen
381:Minister
343:President
42:is being
3958:Voltes V
3944:Kalapati
3656:Gestures
3533:Tatsulok
3519:Magkaisa
3505:Bayan Ko
3390:Nepotism
1930:Rolex 12
1587:Cold War
1389:Facebook
1361:Facebook
1333:GMA News
1261:42634313
927:GMA News
839:See also
634:Pampanga
604:massacre
588:sedition
563:Honolulu
500:tear gas
102:Shooting
58:Location
46:. ›
35:template
3930:musical
3625:Slogans
2085:Leaders
1918:Cronies
1423:July 7,
1339:June 6,
1313:June 6,
1288:June 6,
1106:Esquire
1047:June 5,
933:June 5,
760:Gallery
748:titled
700:granite
542:, Gen.
126:Injured
108:Weapons
3815:Katips
3808:Imelda
3780:Eskapo
3663:V sign
3569:Sakada
3383:Events
3353:Hawaii
2955:BGen.
2919:Capt.
2912:Capt.
1896:Regime
1889:People
1759:abuses
1669:Events
1259:
1138:
821:Facade
189:Family
118:Deaths
86:Target
3878:Pisay
3836:Liway
3729:Films
3489:Songs
3481:Media
3001:Col.
2973:Col.
2967:Col.
2961:Col.
2946:Col.
2906:Col.
1257:JSTOR
983:(PDF)
746:16 mm
642:Porac
569:Gen.
3007:Lt.
2923:, PN
2916:, PN
1920:and
1535:and
1425:2021
1397:2020
1369:2020
1341:2008
1315:2008
1290:2008
1147:2021
1136:ISSN
1113:2021
1049:2008
960:2017
935:2008
849:(or
644:and
614:and
462:Col.
392:The
325:The
76:Date
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