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603:, spoke on behalf of the protesters when he stated that they wanted no more bloodshed: "We shall return tomorrow with no weapons, but armed with courage and determination to seek justice for our slain comrades." True enough, the number of protesters near the Malacanang Palace increased, from the initial 10,000 to over 15,000 and growing. As a result of the increased dialogue between the government and the rallyists, more protests and the number of protesters increased, and not just at the site of the Mendiola Bridge and the Malacanang Palace. In
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383:. The group presented their problems and demands: give land for free to farmers, end the retention of lands by landlords, and halt the amortizations of land payments. Dialogue between the farmers, represented by Jaime Tadeo, and the government, represented by Agrarian Reform Minister Heherson Alvarez, took place on January 20, 1987. Alvarez promised to bring the matter to the President's attention during the next day's cabinet meeting.
626:(NUSP) challenged President Aquino to sign an executive order carrying out a minimum program of land reform presented to her by the Kilusang Magbubukid. Aside from the challenge of the NUSP, KMP Chairman Jaime Tadeo said that the Aquinos should distribute their 6,000 hectare (14,600 acre) estate in Central Luzon as a model for land reform. In response to this, President Aquino was reportedly prepared to distribute at least parts of
123:
253:
630:, and the Aquino sugar plantation as part of the supposed land reform program, but never did so. In order to improve relations with the protesters, (including the groups Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas, Kilusang Mayo Uno, the August Twenty-One Movement, and the Bagong Alyansang Makabayan) President Aquino allowed the protesters to cross the Mendiola Bridge and march towards Malacañang Palace.
509:
members and another 2,000,000 familiars were expected to join the said protest. As part of the protest, farmers were instructed to go on a farming strike, barricading major produce routes, and forcibly seizing agricultural inputs such as pesticides and fertilizers from abusive landlords. KMP leader Jaime Tadeo also demanded for the immediate resignation of then
Defense Minister
259:
480:. They clashed with the police, and the police lines were breached. At this point, gunshots were fired, signalling the start of the killings, and the activists disengaged from the melee, retreating towards Recto Avenue. Sporadic gunfire increased amidst the withdrawal. Alfredo Lim, mayor of Manila in 2007, conjectures that the Marines were responsible for the shooting.
549:
incompetence of the
Ministry of Agrarian Reform, which was strongly believed to be the primary reason for the massacre. Lastly, the letter demanded the Aquino government to mend its governance and side with the Filipinos, particularly to the peasants, workers, and the poor in place of only the Filipinos associated with the upper class and foreign lands.
489:
warning shots and threw pillbox and tear gas canisters to the supporters which started an even worse commotion. Twelve marchers were immediately confirmed dead. At least fifty people were injured, six of which were policemen; the victims were taken to different hospitals around the area namely: Far
Eastern University Hospital,
508:
Death toll rose the next day, reaching eighteen deaths. Injury toll also rose to one hundred one people. As a response to the
Mendiola massacre, leaders from the Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas announced that they will be staging a nationwide protest condemning the mass killing. An estimated 750,000
326:
Calls for just and comprehensive land reforms to
President Aquino were unheeded. The turbulent turn of events sparked rallies and demonstrations taken part by farmers, workers, and students protesting the injustice. According to reports of survivors, riot personnel disguised as civilians opened fire
657:
The farmers' response to this legislation was also critical. They asserted that the legislation goes against the democratic process of land ownership and protects landlord interests. They also state that, having been passed long after public rage and condemnation followed the government during the
488:
The
Western Police District, Marines, Special Weapons and Tactics team, and Military, all colluded to barricade the entrance of the Malacañang Palace. They formed multiple lines of defense, but could not make the marching rallyists depart. The second line of defense, composed of the Marines, fired
536:
regarding the mass shooting. In his statement, he showed vexation towards the reaction of the armed forces towards the rallyists. He also then said
President Aquino had a private militia known as "The Yellow Army” that was responsible for the massacre because of a lack of attention given to the
565:(NBI). Overall, the findings were not conclusive as to who should be held responsible for the killings. On February 28, 1987, upon completion of the investigations regarding the Mendiola massacre, the Citizens Mendiola Commission suggested to President Aquino to file sedition charges to Tadeo.
548:
Following the incident was the
February 4, 1987, letter addressed to President Aquino indicating the desires of most of the Filipinos, especially the poor and the oppressed, which is "bringing about a more progressive and stable foundation for upholding their rights." The KMP emphasizes on the
351:
and oligarchs perpetuated the abuse of farmers and peasants. The newly raised administration acted as a fresh opportunity for minorities to supplicate their respective grievances. The farmers pushed the new government amendments in the agrarian law. However, their representatives were told by
544:
said in an interview that the marchers were to blame for the shooting, as they attempted to break the barricade set up by the armed forces. However, he admitted that the military might have "overreacted" on their response to the protesters, ultimately undermining their part in the tragedy.
386:
The response of the administration toward the protests, particularly in the
Mendiola incident, was a violent dispersal. Whether or not it was a deliberate action or a miscommunicated order, the Mendiola incident showed that there were people who were dissatisfied with the self-preserving
642:(CARP). It was passed as "an agriculturally-based, economically-driven" reform. This reform applied to all types of agricultural land, both public and private, regardless of tenure arrangement and crops produced. It aimed to redistribute 9,773,870 ha of land to 3,713,110 beneficiaries.
552:
The
Citizen's Mendiola Commission (CMC), formed by Aquino to investigate on the incident released its official report on the day of February 27, 1987. The commissioners noted that the rallyers did not secure a permit; the members of crowd-disturbance units were armed with pistols and
645:
However, CARP experienced slow implementation due to the land evaluation processes of the time, the lack of guidelines for landowner compensation, troubles with landowner-tenant negotiations, and the lack of institutional coordination between agrarian administrative agencies.
342:
brought about the prospects of rebuilding the formal institutions of democracy and the fundamentals of the Philippine economy. Conflicts with secessionist groups in Mindanao, ballooning national debts, and severe economic inequality plagued the newly-installed administration.
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to wait for the finalization of the new Philippine Constitution and the new Congress, which made the farmers suspicious of this indecisiveness. Furthermore, the new Congress that would supposedly make the laws that will carry out the reforms was dominated by the landlords.
619:. Talks regarding the agrarian reforms were shortly suspended because both sides failed to reach a common agenda, due to the real threat to the members of both panels at the time (pertaining to the rebels and insurgents against the Aquino administration at the time).
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One such severe manifestation of the economic inequality can be seen in the agrarian problems of the Philippines at that time. Promised land reforms during the Marcos regime failed to bring agrarian justice to the farmers. Instead,
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The government disallowed the conduct of demonstrations at Mendiola. However, in January 2008, Mayor Alfredo Lim allowed rallies at the landmark, as long as they were held on weekends and holidays.
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In 1988, the Manila Regional Trial Court issued a decision to dismiss a P6.5-million class suit filed by relatives of the victims. This decision was upheld by the Supreme Court in 1993.
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589:, resigned from the government. Moreover, other members of the Presidential Committee on Human Rights asked for the resignation of Defense Minister Ileto and Gen.
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Aquino's EO 229 failed to address the root of agrarian problems of the country, disappointing the farmers and causing them to protest against the administration.
557:; armed soldiers in civilian clothing were among the crowd; some of the demonstrators carried weapons; and Jaime Tadeo, KMP's leader, uttered words that incited
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391:(NDF), the main communist coalition at the time to defer from peace talks with the new government, ending hopes for reconciliation for agrarian reforms.
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that is based on the 1961 short story "Tata Selo" by Roger Sikat but set before and during the Mendiola massacre. It stars Ray Ventura, Beth Mondragon,
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Because of the problems in the implementation of CARP, public faith in government credibility and its capability to undertake reforms diminished.
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oligarchs-legislators who backed Aquino's administration. The violent dispersal became a tipping point for key anti-government groups such as the
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707:, Aquino had blocked all the attending farmers to Diokno's memorial service which made José leave weeping in shock.
561:. However, the commission failed to identify who fired on the marchers and recommended further investigation by the
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from the Aquino government. On January 15, 1987, KMP members encamped at the Ministry of Agrarian Reform (now the
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said was the only time he was seen to be "near tears". Atty. Diokno died soon after the event and according to
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in order to air their needs instead of having the chance to negotiate with Heherson Alvarez. Marching from the
3597:
3213:
3208:
3173:
3133:
2112:
1507:
458:
180:
824:), a 1989 film about disillusionment with the Aquino administration caused by government-supported killings
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3056:
2535:
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2209:
608:
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marker at the Bantayog ng mga Bayani in Quezon City, commemorating the 20th anniversary of the incident.
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Mendiola Massacre, it was passed as a counter-insurgency measure, instead of for genuine social justice.
3667:
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1950:
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607:, an estimated 2,000 protesters barricaded highways, including the highway linking Eastern Pampanga and
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unit, the Marine Civil Disturbance Control Battalion. Positioned behind the Marines were army trucks,
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1975:
1624:
1577:
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1216:
Martin, Aurora L. Almeda (1999). "Philippine Land Reform Cycles: Perpetuating U.S. Colonial Policy".
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Field Force units. The third line, a further ten yards from the second police line, consisted of a
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1970:
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1415:
1227:
980:
The End of an Illusion: The Mendiola Massacre and Political Transition in Post-Marcos Philippines
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and held a brief presentation. At around the same time, anti-riot personnel under the command of
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As a response to the incident, in 1987, the Aquino Government at last implemented a
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419:(Unity Congress of the Urban Poor). At 1:00 in the afternoon, the marchers reached
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3612:
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522:
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380:
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768:"Tulay ng Kalayaan" Historical marker ("Freedom Bridge" or Chino Roces Bridge")
367:(KMP or Peasant Movement of the Philippines), a militant farmers' group led by
3633:
3288:
3076:
3026:
2824:
2560:
2117:
1924:
1275:"No rally policy on Mendiola designed to avoid repeat of 1987 bloody incident"
716:
715:
In late 1990, playwright and filmmaker Lito Tiongson directed a short film on
258:
1458:
1445:
1110:
3916:
3829:
2565:
2545:
2356:
2090:
1983:
1437:. Quezon City, Philippines: National Council of Churches in the Philippines.
453:
from the Western Police District. About ten yards behind the policemen were
82:
694:
Presidential Committee on Human Rights, now the Commission on Human Rights
3923:
3909:
3498:
3484:
3470:
1900:
1557:
1359:
1331:
604:
574:
558:
533:
72:
1231:
1171:. Manila, Philippines: National Historical Institute. 1994. p. 272.
958:
670:
432:
3219:
Movement of Attorneys for Brotherhood, Integrity and Nationalism, Inc.
327:
on unarmed protesters killing at least 12 and injuring 51 protesters.
3780:
3745:
3628:
3318:
1777:
669:
In 2007, members of the Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas installed a
450:
950:
Report on Philippine Extrajudicial Killings from 2001 – August 2010
3801:
3259:
995:
A Captive Land: The Politics of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines
612:
1009:"The Mendiola Massacre: What happened according to jurisprudence"
3303:
1035:
Twenty-five years since the Mendiola massacre in the Philippines
407:, Tadeo's group was joined by members of other militant groups:
1476:
449:
The first line of civil disturbance control units consisted of
2947:
Others who withdrew support during the People Power revolution
476:
The marchers numbered 10,000–15,000 by the time they reached
323:
in protest for the lack of government action on land reform.
1390:. Kagitingan Publications, Inc. November 8, 1990. p. 17
1300:"Mendiola now open to rallyists on weekends, holidays – Lim"
1073:"The Bloody Mendiola Massacre Took Place 34 Years Ago Today"
696:
resigned in disgust, which his daughter national historian
1708:
Philippine military history during the Marcos dictatorship
1703:
Philippine economic history during the Marcos dictatorship
415:(New Patriotic Alliance), League of Filipino Students and
312:
on January 22, 1987, in which state security forces under
1327:"José W. Diokno: The Scholar-Warrior by Jose Dalisay, Jr"
3553:
The Conjugal Dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos
1250:"Compensation Bill for Mendiola Massacre Victims Sought"
593:
for their alleged complicity in the Mendiola massacre.
3851:
A Rustling of Leaves: Inside the Philippine Revolution
3574:
Subversive Lives: A Family Memoir of the Marcos Years
399:
On January 22, 1987, the farmers decided to march to
1099:"TROOPS IN MANILA KILL 12 IN CROWD AT LEFTIST RALLY"
3933:
3881:
3693:
3660:
3651:
3621:
3590:
3544:
3515:
3453:
3446:
3399:
3348:
3341:
3277:
3161:
3110:
2983:
2850:
2740:
2463:
2043:
2002:
1887:
1866:
1859:
1806:
1726:
1638:
1523:
525:for "they were directly involved in the massacre."
104:
96:
88:
78:
66:
56:
46:
28:
23:
16:
1987 mass killing of political protesters in Manila
3229:Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties
2861:Resistance during the Marcos administration years
446:were deployed around the vicinity of Malacañang.
3948:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
1836:Japanese Official Development Assistance scandal
100:74 (51 demonstrators, 23 state security forces)
3603:Sa ikauunlad ng bayan, disiplina ang kailangan
3214:Kilusan sa Kapangyarihan at Karapatan ng Bayan
1488:
982:. Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky.
624:National Union of Students of the Philippines
469:and two Mobile Dispersal Teams equipped with
277:
8:
417:Kongreso ng Pagkakaisa ng Maralitang Lungsod
4043:20th-century mass murder in the Philippines
3809:Loyalista: The Untold Story of Imelda Papin
1355:"Defining Jose W. Diokno by F. Sionil Jose"
1243:
1241:
431:, Task Force Nazareno under the command of
3657:
3506:Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree
3450:
3434:Presidential Commission on Good Government
3345:
3265:United Nationalist Democratic Organization
1863:
1831:Overseas landholdings of the Marcos family
1668:Construction of "edifice complex" projects
1495:
1481:
1473:
727:, Rody Vera, Nanding Josef and Bon Vibar.
284:
270:
113:
20:
4013:Extrajudicial killings in the Philippines
3993:History of the Philippines (1986–present)
1050:"Lim clarifies role in Mendiola Massacre"
3872:Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow?
1131:"The Manila Standard". January 23, 1987.
860:
858:
577:, the Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the
319:violently dispersed a farmers' march to
3239:Task Force Detainees of the Philippines
1816:Unexplained wealth of the Marcos family
1718:Timeline of the People Power Revolution
854:
734:
438:and police forces under the command of
116:
3943:Ferdinand Marcos's cult of personality
867:"Farmers remember 'Mendiola Massacre'"
579:Presidential Committee on Human Rights
3424:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1156:"The Sunday Times". January 25, 1987.
1145:"The Manila Times". January 24, 1987.
1140:
1138:
1071:De Guzman, Nicai (January 22, 2019).
888:
886:
640:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
569:Immediate consequences of the protest
501:, Mary Chiles Hospital, Singian, and
217:Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
167:1986 Philippine presidential election
7:
3304:Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA)
3234:National Movement for Free Elections
997:. Ateneo de Manila University Press.
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
942:
940:
833:List of massacres in the Philippines
3386:Second Great Rectification Movement
3209:Justice for Aquino, Justice for All
1548:Philippines–United States relations
1409:Canby, Vincent (October 13, 1989).
1325:Dalisay, Jr., Jose (May 23, 2011).
1048:Lopez, Allison (January 21, 2008).
300:was an incident that took place on
3194:Concerned Women of the Philippines
2298:Jose Benedicto Luis "J.B.L." Reyes
1504:Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
865:Espina, Nonoy (January 21, 2007).
634:Government legislation as response
495:Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center
14:
4033:Labor disputes in the Philippines
3906:: The Ninoy and Cory Aquino Story
1097:Mydans, Seth (January 23, 1987).
2901:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
2096:Lorenzo M. "Ka Tanny" Tañada Sr.
1783:Murder of Juan "Johnny" Escandor
1663:1974 Sacred Heart Novitiate raid
1353:José, F. Sionil (May 23, 2011).
797:
785:
773:
761:
749:
737:
563:National Bureau of Investigation
365:Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas
257:
251:
121:
108:Philippine state security forces
52:approximately 4:30 p.m. (UTC +8)
4038:1987 labor disputes and strikes
4008:Massacres of protesters in Asia
3224:Movement for a Free Philippines
3174:Alliance of Makati Associations
2210:Ribomapil "Dodong" Holganza Sr.
1956:Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.
1905:Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr.
1630:Human rights in the Philippines
1600:1969 balance of payments crisis
232:1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo
3753:Evolution of a Filipino Family
3608:Tama na! Sobra na! Palitan na!
2918:Col. Eduardo "Red" Kapunan Jr.
2471:Academics and cultural workers
2175:Margarita "Tingting" Cojuangco
1533:Martial law in the Philippines
920:"Supreme Court G.R. No. 84607"
537:rallyists before their March.
1:
2958:Commodore Tagumpay Jardiniano
1693:Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
1683:Beatification of Lorenzo Ruiz
377:Department of Agrarian Reform
4003:Presidency of Corazon Aquino
3998:Massacres in the Philippines
3567:Some Are Smarter Than Others
3256:Partido Demokratiko Pilipino
2278:Aquilino "Nene" Pimentel Jr.
1763:Murder of Archimedes Trajano
1411:"The Dismay Among Filipinos"
1169:Filipinos in History Vol. IV
212:1987 Philippine Constitution
174:President of the Philippines
4028:Protests in the Philippines
4023:January 1987 events in Asia
3478:Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo
3199:Free Legal Assistance Group
2335:Religious sector opposition
2170:Jose "Peping" Cojuangco Jr.
2144:Political sector opposition
2086:Jovito R. "Ka Jovy" Salonga
491:Philippine General Hospital
4059:
3988:Military history of Manila
3429:Philippine National Police
3419:Commission on Human Rights
3391:Burial of Ferdinand Marcos
3189:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
3184:August Twenty One Movement
2102:Business sector opposition
2061:Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr.
1971:Benjamin "Kokoy" Romualdez
1961:MarĂa Imelda "Imee" Marcos
1851:Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
1517:Batas Militar sa Pilipinas
685:From key political figures
611:, and the highway linking
455:Integrated National Police
413:Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
340:election to the presidency
3795:The Last Journey of Ninoy
3376:Anti-Aquino coup attempts
2914:Gregorio "Gringo" Honasan
2604:Gaston Z. "Gasty" Ortigas
2258:Sergio "Serge" Osmeña III
1768:Murder of Macli-ing Dulag
1678:Interim Batasang Pambansa
1514:
1433:Maglipon, Jo-Ann (1987).
1054:Philippine Daily Inquirer
1033:Santolan, Joseph (2012).
978:Curaming, Rommel (2004).
872:Philippine Daily Inquirer
389:National Democratic Front
3581:Waltzing with a Dictator
2118:Eugenio "Geny" Lopez Jr.
2081:Gerardo M. "Gerry" Roxas
2076:Salvador H. "Doy" Laurel
2071:José W. "Ka Pepe" Diokno
2066:Corazon C. "Cory" Aquino
1382:"Tiongson's film at CCP"
1199:Malaya, January 27, 1987
1190:Malaya, January 26, 1987
1181:Malaya, January 24, 1987
532:released a statement in
130:This article is part of
3973:1987 in the Philippines
3661:Monuments and memorials
3598:Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa
3519:during the dictatorship
2424:The Magnificent Seven (
2293:Francisco "Soc" Rodrigo
2155:Ceferino "Joker" Arroyo
2113:Domingo M. Guevara, Sr.
1980:Florentino Sanico Solon
1508:People Power Revolution
804:Barbed wires, barricade
459:Philippine Marine Corps
440:Western Police District
181:People Power Revolution
3678:Bantayog ng mga Bayani
3204:Gabriela Women's Party
3057:Letty Jimenez Magsanoc
2961:Col. Charles Hotchkiss
2795:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
2556:Emmanuel "Eman" Lacaba
2536:Gilda Cordero Fernando
2464:Academic and cultural
2108:Jose S. Concepcion Jr.
1788:Murder of Alex Orcullo
1778:Bacong Bridge massacre
1459:14.60012°N 120.99132°E
1248:Corpuz, Gerry Albert.
692:, the Chairman of the
425:Capital Region Command
405:Quezon Memorial Circle
3668:People Power Monument
3092:Joaquin "Chino" Roces
2810:Felixberto Olalia Sr.
2697:Abraham Sarmiento Jr.
2591:Francisco Nemenzo Jr.
2308:Abraham Sarmiento Sr.
2205:Teofisto Guingona Jr.
2056:Agapito "Butz" Aquino
2045:Mainstream opposition
1951:Antonio Floirendo Sr.
1653:Proclamation No. 1081
1620:Plaza Miranda bombing
1543:Conjugal dictatorship
711:In media and the arts
662:Eventual consequences
622:On another note, the
528:Then exiled dictator
227:1990 Luzon earthquake
201:1986–90 coup attempts
3179:Anti-Bases Coalition
3169:Political coalitions
3077:Antonio "Tony" Nieva
2741:Left-wing opposition
2441:Julio Xavier Labayen
1976:Ignacio Santiago Sr.
1625:Filipino nationalism
1568:Communist insurgency
1553:American imperialism
1435:The Mendiola Tragedy
843:1986 EDSA Revolution
780:"Chino Roces Bridge"
573:In protest over the
411:(May One Movement),
191:Communist insurgency
3934:Disinformation and
3865:Season of the Devil
3767:From What Is Before
3528:Iginuhit ng Tadhana
3119:Stephen W. Bosworth
3042:Inday Espina-Varona
2964:Col. Antonio Sotelo
2712:Southern Tagalog 10
2682:Tish Pascual-Ladlad
2288:Soledad Roa Duterte
2268:Cecilia Muñoz-Palma
2003:Cabinet Technocrats
1946:Manuel Elizalde Jr.
1931:Macario Asistio Jr.
1846:Golden Buddha theft
1841:Coco Levy Fund scam
1748:Political detainees
1738:Human rights abuses
1605:First Quarter Storm
1464:14.60012; 120.99132
1455: /
924:The LawPhil Project
894:"Mendiola Massacre"
828:1987 in Philippines
756:Mendiola Peace Arch
395:March to Malacañang
371:, demanded genuine
3823:Martyr or Murderer
3816:Maid in Malacañang
3492:Saranggola ni Pepe
3361:Operation Big Bird
3113:interested parties
3067:Teodoro Locsin Sr.
3062:Jose "Pete" Lacaba
3006:Ronnie Nathanielsz
3001:Jose "Joe" Guevara
2829:Crispin Tagamolila
2707:Archimedes Trajano
2702:Antonio Tagamolila
2581:Bienvenido Lumbera
2531:Renato Constantino
2481:APO Hiking Society
2410:Mary Christine Tan
2377:Mary John Mananzan
2347:Teodoro Bacani Jr.
2233:Diosdado Macapagal
2185:Hilario Davide Jr.
2180:Roberto Concepcion
2091:Cardinal Jaime Sin
1793:Escalante massacre
1753:Palimbang massacre
1648:1972 Enrile ambush
1416:The New York Times
1306:. January 18, 2008
1219:Philippine Studies
1103:The New York Times
993:Putzel, J (1992).
900:. January 22, 2008
838:Escalante massacre
721:Isang Munting Lupa
503:Ospital ng Maynila
421:Liwasang Bonifacio
306:San Miguel, Manila
37:San Miguel, Manila
4018:Massacres in 1987
3978:Agrarian politics
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3647:
3646:
3442:
3441:
3412:1987 Constitution
3407:Aquino Presidency
3366:Mendiola massacre
3334:Villamor Air Base
3324:Malacañang Palace
3273:
3272:
3245:Political parties
3052:Betty Go-Belmonte
2975:Benjamin Magalong
2908:Juan Ponce Enrile
2894:Marcos G. Soliman
2874:Bonifacio Gillego
2851:Opposition in the
2620:Student activists
2596:Willie Nepomuceno
2576:Salvador P. Lopez
2521:Benedicto Cabrera
2501:Lualhati Bautista
2466:sector opposition
2397:Miguel Purugganan
2352:Mariani Dimaranan
2318:Claudio Teehankee
2248:Primitivo Mijares
2223:Eva Estrada Kalaw
2128:Alfonso Yuchengco
1936:Roberto Benedicto
1910:Juan Ponce Enrile
1758:Tictapul massacre
1658:1973 Constitution
1060:on June 16, 2008.
879:on June 16, 2008.
650:Reception of CARP
601:Kilusang Mayo Uno
521:, and Brig. Gen.
442:Chief Brig. Gen.
409:Kilusang Mayo Uno
401:Malacañang Palace
321:Malacañang Palace
298:Mendiola massacre
294:
293:
245:Death and Funeral
222:1989 civil unrest
207:Mendiola massacre
147:
146:
112:
111:
50:January 22, 1987
24:Mendiola massacre
4050:
3904:Maalaala Mo Kaya
3858:Sa Dulo ng Baril
3760:Forbidden Memory
3732:A Dangerous Life
3658:
3517:Political Films
3464:Bagong Pagsilang
3451:
3346:
3124:Henry A. Byroade
3087:Napoleon G. Rama
2996:Adrian Cristobal
2935:Hector Tarrazona
2868:Ramon A. Alcaraz
2820:Jose Maria Sison
2777:Bernabe Buscayno
2721:Gerardo Faustino
2716:Cristina Catalla
2657:Bonifacio Ilagan
2609:Nemesio Prudente
2490:Boboy Garrovillo
2431:Federico Escaler
2426:Francisco Claver
2392:Magnifico Osorio
2328:Calixto Zaldivar
2283:Eduardo Quintero
2263:Ambrosio Padilla
2200:Raul M. Gonzalez
2195:Neptali Gonzales
2133:Quintin Yuyitung
2035:Carlos P. Romulo
2030:Placido Mapa Jr.
1989:Arturo Tolentino
1874:Ferdinand Marcos
1864:
1583:Jabidah massacre
1497:
1490:
1483:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1438:
1421:
1420:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1245:
1236:
1235:
1213:
1200:
1197:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1056:. Archived from
1045:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1005:
999:
998:
990:
984:
983:
975:
960:
957:
955:
944:
935:
934:
932:
930:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
890:
881:
880:
875:. Archived from
862:
801:
789:
777:
765:
753:
741:
628:Hacienda Luisita
530:Ferdinand Marcos
354:Heherson Alvarez
286:
279:
272:
261:
255:
143:
142:
140:
133:
125:
118:
117:
114:
21:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4047:
3983:Filmed killings
3963:
3962:
3961:
3952:
3935:
3929:
3877:
3837:Oras de Peligro
3689:
3653:
3643:
3617:
3586:
3540:
3518:
3511:
3438:
3395:
3337:
3269:
3164:pressure groups
3163:
3157:
3134:George Hamilton
3112:
3106:
3102:Jose Mari Velez
3032:Amando Doronila
3017:Eugenia Apostol
2993:
2979:
2923:Jose T. Almonte
2887:Danilo Vizmanos
2880:Rogelio Morales
2852:
2846:
2772:Crispin Beltran
2736:
2726:Rizalina Ilagan
2687:Nestor Principe
2677:Armando Palabay
2652:Antonio Hilario
2642:Neri Colmenares
2637:Manuel Bautista
2632:Edgar Ang Sinco
2571:Celeste Legaspi
2476:Freddie Aguilar
2473:
2465:
2459:
2446:Orlando Quevedo
2436:Antonio Fortich
2372:Isabelo Magalit
2367:Inocencio Ipong
2342:Zacarias Agatep
2313:Wigberto Tañada
2273:Vicente Paterno
2253:Ramon Mitra Jr.
2039:
1998:
1994:Nicanor Yñiguez
1941:José Yao Campos
1883:
1855:
1821:Marcos mansions
1802:
1743:Torture methods
1729:
1722:
1634:
1615:Diliman Commune
1610:Agrarian reform
1588:Manili massacre
1519:
1510:
1501:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1428:Further reading
1425:
1424:
1408:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1391:
1387:Manila Standard
1380:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1258:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1096:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1007:
1006:
1002:
992:
991:
987:
977:
976:
963:
953:
947:Parreno, Al A.
946:
945:
938:
928:
926:
918:
917:
913:
903:
901:
892:
891:
884:
864:
863:
856:
851:
812:
805:
802:
793:
790:
781:
778:
769:
766:
757:
754:
745:
742:
733:
713:
702:National Artist
687:
682:
664:
652:
636:
597:Crispin Beltran
571:
486:
473:delivery gear.
427:commander Gen.
397:
373:agrarian reform
349:Marcos' cronies
333:
302:Mendiola Street
290:
256:
249:
239:Post-Presidency
236:
203:
177:
171:
138:
136:
135:
134:
131:
129:
69:
51:
33:Mendiola Street
17:
12:
11:
5:
4056:
4054:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3965:
3964:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3890:Here Lies Love
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3711:Barber's Tales
3707:
3699:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3655:
3654:historiography
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3531:
3523:
3521:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3459:
3457:
3448:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3371:1987 elections
3368:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3331:
3329:Ortigas Center
3326:
3321:
3316:
3314:Fort Magsaysay
3311:
3309:Fort Bonifacio
3306:
3301:
3296:
3294:Clark Air Base
3291:
3286:
3284:Camp Aguinaldo
3281:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3260:Lakas ng Bayan
3253:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3097:Maximo Soliven
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2989:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2969:Rodolfo Biazon
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2954:Fidel V. Ramos
2944:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2910:
2897:
2896:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2870:
2858:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2833:Benito Tiamzon
2830:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2815:Rolando Olalia
2812:
2807:
2802:
2800:Filemon Lagman
2797:
2792:
2791:Luis Jalandoni
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Conrado Balweg
2754:
2752:Lean Alejandro
2749:
2747:Fidel Agcaoili
2744:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:Carol Pagaduan
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2627:Lean Alejandro
2616:
2614:Kidlat Tahimik
2611:
2606:
2601:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2526:Behn Cervantes
2523:
2518:
2513:
2511:Ishmael Bernal
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2487:
2478:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2387:Pacifico Ortiz
2384:
2382:Violeta Marcos
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2243:Raul Manglapus
2240:
2238:Ernesto Maceda
2235:
2230:
2228:José B. Lingad
2225:
2220:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2190:Marcelo Fernan
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2150:Jacobo Amatong
2141:
2140:
2138:Rizal Yuyitung
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2049:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Armand Fabella
2017:
2012:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1966:Roberto Ongpin
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1897:
1895:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1870:
1868:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1713:Snap elections
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1688:1981 elections
1685:
1680:
1675:
1673:1978 elections
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1595:1969 elections
1592:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1538:1965 elections
1535:
1529:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1477:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1401:
1373:
1345:
1317:
1291:
1279:News.op.gov.ph
1266:
1237:
1226:(2): 181–205.
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1159:
1148:
1134:
1123:
1089:
1063:
1040:
1025:
1000:
985:
961:
936:
911:
882:
853:
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
811:
808:
807:
806:
803:
796:
794:
791:
784:
782:
779:
772:
770:
767:
760:
758:
755:
748:
746:
743:
736:
732:
729:
712:
709:
705:F. Sionil José
690:José W. Diokno
686:
683:
681:
678:
663:
660:
651:
648:
635:
632:
591:Fidel V. Ramos
583:José W. Diokno
570:
567:
485:
482:
436:Cesar Nazareno
396:
393:
379:) in Diliman,
336:Corazon Aquino
332:
329:
317:Corazon Aquino
292:
291:
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170:
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157:
149:
148:
145:
144:
139:Corazon Aquino
132:a series about
128:
126:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
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64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
30:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4055:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
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4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:distortionism
3932:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:
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3874:
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3867:
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3818:
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3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3788:The Kingmaker
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3757:
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3748:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3718:Batas Militar
3715:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3692:
3684:
3681:
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3676:
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3620:
3614:
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3525:
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3514:
3507:
3503:
3500:
3496:
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3486:
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3472:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3458:
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3445:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3381:UP-DND accord
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3299:Club Filipino
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Liberal Party
3249:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3155:
3154:Ronald Reagan
3152:
3150:
3149:Paul Manafort
3147:
3145:
3144:Richard Lugar
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3072:Armando Malay
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Ma Ceres Doyo
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2982:
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2902:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2855:
2849:
2844:
2843:Antonio Zumel
2841:
2839:
2838:Wilma Tiamzon
2836:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:Victor Corpus
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2762:Lorena Barros
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2731:Jessica Sales
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2667:Joel Lamangan
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2647:Liliosa Hilao
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:Bibeth Orteza
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:Butch Dalisay
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2516:Noel Cabangon
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2468:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2421:
2420:Ricardo Vidal
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:Tullio Favali
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2303:Rene Saguisag
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
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2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:Vicente Jayme
2218:
2216:
2215:Evelio Javier
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Cesar Climaco
2163:
2161:
2160:Jejomar Binay
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Jaime C. Laya
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Onofre Corpuz
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1879:Imelda Marcos
1877:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Marcos jewels
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1798:Beew massacre
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1773:Daet massacre
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1728:Human rights
1725:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1698:Negros famine
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
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1669:
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1598:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:Moro conflict
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
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1536:
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1530:
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1526:
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1518:
1513:
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1505:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1479:
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1475:
1471:
1468:
1439:
1436:
1427:
1419:. p. 13.
1418:
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819:
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800:
795:
788:
783:
776:
771:
764:
759:
752:
747:
740:
735:
730:
728:
726:
725:Joel Lamangan
722:
718:
710:
708:
706:
703:
699:
695:
691:
684:
679:
677:
674:
672:
667:
661:
659:
655:
649:
647:
643:
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633:
631:
629:
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620:
618:
614:
610:
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602:
598:
594:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
568:
566:
564:
560:
556:
550:
546:
543:
542:Ramon Montano
538:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
519:Ramon Montano
517:, Brig. Gen.
516:
512:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
483:
481:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
463:water cannons
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
437:
434:
430:
429:Ramon Montaño
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
394:
392:
390:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
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355:
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344:
341:
337:
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328:
324:
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315:
311:
307:
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299:
287:
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280:
275:
273:
268:
267:
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264:
260:
254:
246:
243:
242:
241:
240:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
202:
199:
197:
196:Moro conflict
194:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
176:
175:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
151:
150:
141:
127:
124:
120:
119:
115:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
65:
62:
61:Demonstration
59:
55:
49:
45:
42:
38:
34:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3922:
3902:
3888:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3725:Citizen Jake
3723:
3716:
3709:
3704:Ako si Ninoy
3702:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3551:
3533:
3526:
3400:Institutions
3365:
3244:
3243:
3168:
3129:Philip Habib
3082:Alex Orcullo
3047:Chit Estella
3010:
3009:
2990:
2946:
2945:
2929:Victor Batac
2899:
2898:
2859:
2854:Armed Forces
2805:Satur Ocampo
2767:Walden Bello
2692:Susan Quimpo
2662:Edgar Jopson
2618:
2617:
2586:Leah Navarro
2551:Nick Joaquin
2485:Danny Javier
2470:
2454:Jesus Varela
2415:Carlos Tayag
2402:James Reuter
2333:
2332:
2323:Haydee Yorac
2143:
2142:
2123:Jaime Ongpin
2101:
2100:
2050:
2010:Cesar Virata
1915:Romeo Espino
1516:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1414:
1404:
1392:. Retrieved
1385:
1376:
1364:. Retrieved
1358:
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1330:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1303:
1294:
1282:. Retrieved
1278:
1269:
1257:. Retrieved
1254:Bulatlat.com
1253:
1223:
1217:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1162:
1151:
1126:
1114:. Retrieved
1102:
1092:
1080:. Retrieved
1076:
1066:
1058:the original
1053:
1043:
1034:
1028:
1016:. Retrieved
1012:
1003:
994:
988:
979:
949:
927:. Retrieved
923:
914:
902:. Retrieved
897:
877:the original
870:
821:
817:Fight for Us
815:
720:
714:
698:Maris Diokno
688:
675:
668:
665:
656:
653:
644:
637:
621:
617:Angeles City
609:San Fernando
599:, leader of
595:
587:J.B.L. Reyes
572:
551:
547:
539:
527:
511:Rafael Ileto
507:
499:UST Hospital
487:
478:Recto Avenue
475:
448:
416:
412:
408:
398:
385:
364:
362:
359:
345:
334:
325:
297:
295:
238:
237:
206:
173:
172:
105:Perpetrators
18:
3882:Other media
3683:individuals
3673:EDSA Shrine
3652:Legacy and
3639:Raised fist
3613:Never again
3139:Paul Laxalt
3022:David Bueno
2985:Journalists
2941:Billy Bibit
2892:Brig. Gen.
2787:Maita Gomez
2506:Lino Brocka
2495:Jim Paredes
2450:Felix Perez
2406:Rudy Romano
1920:Fidel Ramos
1808:Kleptocracy
1578:Sabah claim
1563:Vietnam War
1462: /
1450:120°59′29″E
1366:October 14,
1338:October 14,
1116:October 18,
1082:October 18,
1013:Jlp-law.com
822:Orapronobis
523:Alfredo Lim
515:Fidel Ramos
467:fire trucks
444:Alfredo Lim
381:Quezon City
369:Jaime Tadeo
310:Philippines
68:Attack type
41:Philippines
3967:Categories
3739:Dekada '70
3634:Laban sign
3560:Dekada '70
3545:Literature
3289:Camp Crame
3162:Political
3027:Joe Burgos
3011:Opposition
2991:Pro-Marcos
2866:Commodore
2825:Nilo Tayag
2561:Inang Laya
1925:Fabian Ver
1525:Background
1447:14°36′00″N
929:August 28,
849:References
744:Peace Dove
331:Background
186:Presidency
155:Early Life
83:Small arms
3917:Makinilya
3342:Aftermath
3278:Locations
3111:American
2952:Lt. Gen.
2566:Ricky Lee
2546:The Jerks
2357:Joe Dizon
1984:Lucio Tan
1893:Relatives
1111:0362-4331
680:Reactions
555:armalites
484:Aftermath
451:policemen
352:Minister
314:President
3924:Voltes V
3910:Kalapati
3622:Gestures
3499:Tatsulok
3485:Magkaisa
3471:Bayan Ko
3356:Nepotism
1901:Rolex 12
1558:Cold War
1360:Facebook
1332:Facebook
1304:GMA News
1232:42634313
898:GMA News
810:See also
605:Pampanga
575:massacre
559:sedition
534:Honolulu
471:tear gas
73:Shooting
29:Location
3896:musical
3591:Slogans
2051:Leaders
1889:Cronies
1394:July 7,
1310:June 6,
1284:June 6,
1259:June 6,
1077:Esquire
1018:June 5,
904:June 5,
731:Gallery
719:titled
671:granite
513:, Gen.
97:Injured
79:Weapons
3781:Katips
3774:Imelda
3746:Eskapo
3629:V sign
3535:Sakada
3349:Events
3319:Hawaii
2921:BGen.
2885:Capt.
2878:Capt.
1867:Regime
1860:People
1730:abuses
1640:Events
1230:
1109:
792:Facade
160:Family
89:Deaths
57:Target
3844:Pisay
3802:Liway
3695:Films
3455:Songs
3447:Media
2967:Col.
2939:Col.
2933:Col.
2927:Col.
2912:Col.
2872:Col.
1228:JSTOR
954:(PDF)
717:16 mm
613:Porac
540:Gen.
2973:Lt.
2889:, PN
2882:, PN
1891:and
1506:and
1396:2021
1368:2020
1340:2020
1312:2008
1286:2008
1261:2008
1118:2021
1107:ISSN
1084:2021
1020:2008
931:2017
906:2008
820:(or
615:and
585:and
433:Col.
363:The
296:The
47:Date
338:'s
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3908:("
3830:ML
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