2023:. After the collapse of the first Provisional Government on 2 May over the issue of annexations, Tsereteli convinced the Mensheviks to strengthen the government for the sake of "saving the revolution" and enter a socialist-liberal coalition with Socialist Revolutionaries and liberal Constitutional Democrats, which they did on 17 May. With Martov's return from European exile in early May, the left-wing of the party challenged the party's majority led by Tsereteli at the first post-revolutionary party conference on 9 May, but the right wing prevailed 44–11. From then on, the Mensheviks had at least one representative in the
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and the other central party organs elected at the
Congress. This was also the reason behind the naming of the factions. It was later hypothesized that Lenin had purposely offended some of the delegates in order to have them leave the meeting in protest, giving him a majority. However, Bolsheviks and
219:
The initial point of disagreement was the
Mensheviks' support for a broad party membership, as opposed to the Bolsheviks' support for a smaller party of professional revolutionaries. The Bolsheviks gained a majority on the Central Committee in 1903, though the power of the two factions fluctuated in
1900:
because these would be the "natural" leaders of a bourgeois revolution. In contrast, the
Bolsheviks believed that the Constitutional Democrats were not capable of sufficiently radical struggle and tended to advocate alliances with peasant representatives and other radical socialist parties such as
1876:
in 1906, a reunification was formally achieved. In contrast to the 2nd
Congress, the Mensheviks were in the majority from start to finish, yet Martov's definition of a party member, which had prevailed at the 1st Congress, was replaced by Lenin's. On the other hand, numerous disagreements about
2006:
exile in early March 1917 and assumed the leadership of the
Bolshevik Party, they began exploring the idea of a complete re-unification of Bolsheviks and Mensheviks at the national level, which Menshevik leaders were willing to consider. However, Lenin and his deputy
3058:
2015:
on 3 April and re-asserted control of the
Bolshevik Party by late April 1917, taking it in a more radical direction. They called for an immediate revolution and transfer of all power to the soviets, which made any re-unification impossible.
2093:
in
November 1917 compared to the Bolsheviks' 23% and the Socialist Revolutionaries' 37%. The Mensheviks got just 3.3% of the national vote, but in the Transcaucasus they got 30.2%. 41.7% of their support came from the Transcaucasus and in
3570:
2034:
With
Mensheviks and Bolsheviks diverging, Mensheviks and non-factional social democrats returning from exile in Europe and United States in spring-summer of 1917 were forced to take sides. Some re-joined the Mensheviks. Others, like
1839:
Although the difference in definitions was small, with Lenin's being more exclusive, it was indicative of what became an essential difference between the philosophies of the two emerging factions: Lenin argued for a small party of
3105:
1989:
With the monarchy gone, many social democrats viewed previous tactical differences between the
Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks as a thing of the past and a number of local party organizations were merged. When Bolshevik leaders
513:
2098:, about 75% voted for them. The right-wing of the Menshevik Party supported actions against the Bolsheviks while the left-wing, the majority of the Mensheviks at that point, supported the left in the ensuing
3563:
1913:
Some
Mensheviks left the party after the defeat of 1905 and joined legal opposition organisations. After a while, Lenin's patience wore out with their compromising and, in 1908, he called these Mensheviks
1860:
Mensheviks were united in voting against the Bundist proposal, which lost 41 to 5. Despite the outcome of the Congress, the following years saw the Mensheviks gathering considerable support among regular
1909:
and the peasantry, which would carry the bourgeois revolution to the end. The Mensheviks came to argue for predominantly legal methods and trade union work, while the Bolsheviks favoured armed violence.
3556:
30:
This article is about the Mensheviks as a faction inside the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. For the history of the Menshevik movement as an independent political party after 1912, see
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205:
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1847:
Martov's proposal was accepted by the majority of the delegates (28 votes to 23). However, after seven delegates stormed out of the Congress—five of whom were representatives of the
2102:. However, Martov's leftist Menshevik faction refused to break with the right-wing of the party, resulting in their press being sometimes banned and only intermittently available.
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with a large fringe of non-party sympathizers and supporters, whereas Martov believed it was better to have a large party of activists with broad representation.
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1892:. Both believed that the working class had to contribute to this revolution. However, after 1905 the Mensheviks were more inclined to work with the liberal
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1792:
4001:
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2090:
1962:", but in the meantime supported the war effort under the slogan of "defense of the revolution". Along with the other major Russian socialist party, the
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revolution and period of capitalism would need to occur before the conditions for a socialist revolution emerged. In 1912, the RSDLP formally split into
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193:
165:
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2430:
The Trial of the Mensheviks: The verdict and sentence passed on the participants in the counter-revolutionary organization of the Mensheviks
3579:
2178:
and Alexandre Lomtatidze. After the occupation of Georgia by the Bolsheviks in 1921, many Georgian Mensheviks, led by Zhordania, fled to
3717:
3681:
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3701:
4006:
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moved with the Menshevik center from Berlin to Paris in 1933 and then in 1939 to New York City, where it was published until 1965.
2123:
formation. After July 1917 events in Russia, they broke with the Menshevik majority that supported continued war with Germany. The
3068:
2822:
1697:
1554:
3135:
2963:
2533:"Lenin: 1906/ucong: Statement in Support of Muratov's (Morozov's) Amendment Concerning a Parliamentary Social-Democratic Group"
1927:
1906:
1889:
1785:
1741:
245:
3414:
3386:
3214:
3167:
3038:
2143:
2024:
2020:
237:
3627:
3617:
3517:
3115:
2883:
2701:
Brovkin, Vladimir. 1983. "The Mensheviks' Political Comeback: The Elections to the Provincial City Soviets in Spring 1918."
3885:
3353:
3162:
2909:
2352:
1963:
1902:
1707:
630:
576:
459:
419:
394:
241:
3492:
4057:
3650:
3073:
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2113:, some anti-war Mensheviks had formed a group called Menshevik-Internationalists. They were active around the newspaper
1841:
1664:
1634:
1609:
1511:
690:
494:
351:
255:, the Mensheviks received about 3 percent of the vote, compared to the Bolsheviks' 23 percent. Mensheviks denounced the
2197:
of 1921. A number of prominent Mensheviks emigrated thereafter. Martov went to Germany, where he established the paper
3655:
2958:
2815:
2751:
2124:
913:
593:
439:
3512:
2051:, which merged with the Bolsheviks in August 1917. A small yet influential group of social democrats associated with
1877:
alliances and strategy emerged. The two factions kept their separate structures and continued to operate separately.
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523:
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3537:
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2737:
2232:
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2115:
2083:
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1811:
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454:
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2914:
1855:
proposal being defeated—Lenin's supporters won a slight majority, which was reflected in the composition of the
4011:
3502:
2663:
2564:
2519:
2466:
2400:
2159:
1897:
1828:, the Party newspaper; secondly, in regards to the definition of a "party member" in the future Party statute:
1541:
598:
489:
2089:
The 1917 split in the party crippled the Mensheviks' popularity and they received 3.2% of the vote during the
3826:
2919:
2643:
2532:
2284:
2257:
2237:
2147:
1766:
1717:
1599:
815:
655:
610:
434:
3875:
3758:
3691:
3632:
3548:
3532:
2988:
2795:
1604:
1471:
948:
710:
546:
444:
3527:
2948:
3930:
3727:
3204:
3011:
2348:
2247:
1461:
1223:
998:
978:
943:
855:
785:
760:
3950:
2202:
1938:. Most Mensheviks opposed the war, but a vocal minority supported it in terms of "national defense".
1531:
1431:
1366:
903:
830:
825:
685:
429:
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379:
336:
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3174:
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2340:
2194:
2036:
1951:
1712:
1679:
1639:
1624:
1486:
908:
820:
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780:
675:
561:
528:
374:
356:
346:
303:
272:
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1138:
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1702:
1644:
1476:
1401:
1173:
1153:
988:
893:
730:
715:
665:
645:
623:
464:
399:
287:
256:
122:
2485:
1832:
Lenin's formulation required the party member to be a member of one of the Party's organizations
1273:
1263:
2019:
In March–April 1917, the Menshevik leadership conditionally supported the newly formed liberal
3409:
3338:
3255:
3232:
2931:
2904:
2842:
2720:
The Mensheviks After October: Socialist Opposition and the Rise of the Bolshevik Dictatorship.
2187:
2175:
2167:
2135:). Starting in 1920, right-wing Mensheviks-Internationalists emigrated, some of them pursuing
2099:
2095:
1856:
1594:
1506:
1411:
1203:
1108:
1093:
860:
800:
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404:
341:
264:
260:
189:
4052:
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3053:
2983:
2978:
2603:
2449:
2317:
2299:
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2008:
1983:
1979:
1955:
1754:
1737:
1536:
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1436:
1356:
1351:
1293:
1253:
1243:
1208:
1198:
1128:
1103:
1073:
1058:
1053:
1028:
973:
958:
928:
865:
840:
770:
725:
695:
583:
571:
499:
484:
424:
389:
138:
2734:
The Menshevik Leaders in the Russian Revolution: Social Realities and Political Strategies.
3965:
3622:
3472:
3323:
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2376:
1947:
1885:
1861:
1674:
1669:
1614:
1421:
1381:
1213:
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1168:
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1023:
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923:
845:
835:
735:
556:
551:
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469:
59:
1822:
disagreed, firstly, with regard to which persons should be in the editorial committee of
2769:
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3722:
3452:
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3371:
3361:
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3313:
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3227:
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3043:
2695:
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1999:
1915:
1884:
possible and that therefore the revolution which they planned, aiming to overthrow the
1819:
1629:
1526:
1521:
1491:
1481:
1406:
1376:
1371:
1361:
1248:
1228:
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1098:
1038:
1013:
953:
640:
449:
197:
4026:
3980:
3462:
3432:
3404:
3394:
3318:
3275:
3265:
3260:
3250:
2888:
2800:
2623:
2222:
2151:
2136:
2106:
2079:
1995:
1815:
1654:
1649:
1516:
1466:
1446:
1441:
1416:
1391:
1288:
1193:
1113:
1033:
1008:
938:
933:
870:
750:
705:
504:
268:
213:
209:
149:
117:
112:
75:
71:
1835:
Martov's only stated that he should work under the guidance of a Party organization.
3457:
3399:
3343:
3308:
3095:
3085:
2807:
2372:
2364:
2120:
2048:
2040:
1396:
1346:
1341:
1326:
1283:
1268:
1238:
1163:
1148:
1123:
1083:
1043:
1018:
983:
898:
143:
1386:
2788:
2638:
3975:
3467:
3447:
3298:
3222:
2791:"Menshevik Party", "Menshevik Internationalists". Glossary of Organisations: Me.
2687:
2441:
2206:
2110:
2052:
2044:
2012:
1991:
1935:
1893:
1619:
1501:
1336:
1298:
1278:
1218:
1178:
1143:
1078:
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1048:
1003:
918:
888:
850:
745:
588:
518:
384:
233:
2607:
2150:
held on 14 February 1919, they won 81.5% of the votes and the Menshevik leader
1880:
As before, both factions believed that Russia was not developed enough to make
220:
the following years. Mensheviks came to be associated with the position that a
3970:
3814:
3285:
3150:
2943:
2727:
Dear Comrades: Menshevik Reports on the Bolshevik Revolution and the Civil War
2516:
The Politics of Futility; The General Jewish Workers Bund of Poland, 1917–1943
2487:
Second Congress of the League of Russian Revolutionary Social-Democracy Abroad
1959:
1852:
1589:
1496:
1233:
1063:
765:
720:
201:
133:
1926:
In 1912, the RSDLP had its final split, with the Bolsheviks constituting the
3902:
3601:
2868:
2759:
The Making of Three Russian Revolutionaries: Voices from the Menshevik Past.
2227:
2075:
1881:
1584:
1426:
1258:
968:
805:
790:
680:
660:
650:
295:
63:
3106:
Group of forces in battle with the counterrevolution in the South of Russia
2380:
2748:
The Mensheviks : From the Revolution of 1917 to the Second World War.
17:
3063:
2692:
Lenin and the Mensheviks: The Persecution of Socialists Under Bolshevism.
2446:
Lenin and the Mensheviks: The persecution of Socialists Under Bolshevism
1761:
1732:
2003:
1316:
795:
775:
53:
2712:
2615:
2179:
1321:
67:
3140:
1824:
1133:
2678:
Russian Social Democracy: The Menshevik Movement: A Bibliography.
2639:
Geschichte der sozialistischen arbeiter-internationale: 1923–1940
2594:
Liebich, Andre (1 January 1995). "Mensheviks Wage the Cold War".
2190:. In 1930, Ramishvili was assassinated by a Soviet spy in Paris.
2047:, joined the non-factional Petrograd-based anti-war group called
566:
3552:
2811:
1934:. The Menshevik faction split further in 1917 at the middle of
263:, though broadly supported the Bolshevik government during the
240:, which the party supported by entering a coalition with the
1905:. In the event of a revolution, this was meant to lead to a
1864:
and effectively building up a parallel party organization.
2776:
From the Other Shore: Russian Social Democracy after 1921.
1958:
demanded that the government pursue a "fair peace without
2343:. 1920. "Bulgaria Joins the Great Wars." pp. 326–332 in
2184:
Government of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in Exile
2039:, joined the Bolsheviks. A significant number, including
2561:
The Election to the Russian Constituent Assembly of 1917
2109:
and in 1919 suggested an alternative programme. During
2578:
What is to be done: The Menshevik Programme July 1919
2310:
2289:
2027:
until it was overthrown by the Bolsheviks during the
1973:
27:
Faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
3918:
3777:
3741:
3710:
3664:
3643:
3610:
3485:
3423:
3385:
3352:
3284:
3241:
3213:
3195:
3188:
3126:
3026:
2897:
2856:
2849:
1932:
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
1928:
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Bolsheviks)
172:
158:
103:
95:
87:
32:
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
2682:Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace
2205:was conducted by Stalin, an early part of the
2193:Menshevism was finally made illegal after the
3564:
2823:
2304:
2277:
2056:
1967:
1786:
8:
39:
4068:Political parties of the Russian Revolution
3580:Modern Ukraine after the Russian Revolution
4002:Congress of the Enslaved Peoples of Russia
3571:
3557:
3549:
3192:
2853:
2830:
2816:
2808:
2500:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1793:
1779:
282:
271:). Their party was made illegal after the
38:
4038:1903 establishments in the Russian Empire
2671:The Mensheviks in the Revolution of 1917.
2660:The Mensheviks in the Russian Revolution.
1986:in the capital, throughout most of 1917.
1954:in 1917, the Menshevik leadership led by
253:1917 election to the Constituent Assembly
2778:Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2463:The Mensheviks in the Russian Revolution
2129:Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party
2074:
3592:Universals (Central Council of Ukraine)
3091:Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine
3034:Provisional Committee of the State Duma
2333:
2269:
2146:was a stronghold of the Mensheviks. In
294:
3910:Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance
3769:Central Executive Committee of Ukraine
3672:Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
3146:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
2761:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2493:
2253:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
194:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
166:Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
4063:Political parties established in 1903
2722:Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
2316:
2298:
2091:Russian Constituent Assembly election
1978:), the Mensheviks led the network of
1562:International socialist organizations
510:To each according to his contribution
7:
2974:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
2479:
2477:
2475:
2428:Antonov-Saratovsky, Vladimir. 1931.
1851:who left in protest about their own
232:. The Mensheviks further split over
208:in 1903. The Mensheviks were led by
4043:Defunct socialist parties in Russia
3682:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
2937:Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
4073:Political party factions in Russia
3702:Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
3697:Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
3059:Council of the People's Commissars
58:Leaders of the Menshevik Party at
25:
4007:All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets
3822:Ukrainian Social Democratic Party
3687:Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
2673:Columbus, OH: Slavica Publishers.
2576:O'Brien, James. 11 August 2012. "
2490:. Moscow. pp. 26–31, 92–103.
2345:The Great Events of the Great War
2011:returned to Russia from exile in
3718:West Ukrainian People's Republic
3069:Military Revolutionary Committee
2201:. He died in 1923. In 1931, the
2067:) refused to join either party.
1760:
1748:
1731:
302:
52:
3998:All-Ukrainian National Congress
2964:Lithuanian Wars of Independence
2596:Journal of Contemporary History
1907:dictatorship of the proletariat
1896:democratic parties such as the
1890:bourgeois-democratic revolution
3871:Polish Democratic Center Party
3498:German Revolution of 1918–1919
3039:Russian Provisional Government
2144:Democratic Republic of Georgia
2021:Russian Provisional Government
238:Russian Provisional Government
1:
3886:Socialist Revolutionary Party
3163:Socialist Revolutionary Party
2910:Ukrainian War of Independence
2796:The Bolshevik-Menshevik Split
2351:. New York: National Alumni.
395:Critique of political economy
242:Socialist Revolutionary Party
4048:Politics of the Soviet Union
3833:Soviet of Peasants Deputies
3784:Ukrainian Socialist Parties
3074:Russian Constituent Assembly
2969:Red Army invasion of Georgia
2954:Estonian War of Independence
2584:. Retrieved on 26 July 2013.
2397:The Mensheviks After October
2365:Aldanov, Mark Aleksandrovich
2125:Mensheviks-Internationalists
1842:professional revolutionaries
1665:Socialist calculation debate
1635:List of socialist economists
1610:Economic calculation problem
495:Socialist mode of production
352:Socialist calculation debate
3844:Soviet of Soldiers Deputies
3656:Crimean Regional Government
3628:Ukrainian People's Republic
3618:Ukrainian People's Republic
3518:Workers' Councils in Poland
3116:Ukrainian People's Republic
2959:Latvian War of Independence
2752:University of Chicago Press
2658:Ascher, Abraham, ed. 1976.
2514:Johnpoll, Bernard K. 1967.
2432:. Soviet Union: Centrizdai.
2395:Brovkin, Vladimir N. 1991.
2311:
2290:
2158:. Prominent members of the
2057:
2002:returned to Petrograd from
1974:
1946:After the overthrow of the
4094:
3882:Russian Socialist Parties
3841:Soviet of Workers Deputies
3749:Central Council of Ukraine
3538:Belarusian-Soviet conflict
3180:General Jewish Labour Bund
3049:Pro-independence movements
2789:marxists.org:glossary:/m/e
2738:Princeton University Press
2608:10.1177/002200949503000203
2233:Centrocaspian Dictatorship
29:
4012:Labor Congress of Ukraine
3994:
3867:Polish Socialist Parties
3847:Jewish Socialist Parties
3836:Ukrainian Peasant Society
3677:Ukrainian Soviet Republic
3651:Crimean People's Republic
3611:Ukrainian national states
3587:
3508:Hungarian Soviet Republic
2884:Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
2305:
2278:
2084:Prime Minister of Georgia
2071:After the 1917 Revolution
1968:
1964:Socialist Revolutionaries
1930:, and the Mensheviks the
1903:Socialist Revolutionaries
1874:4th Congress of the RSDLP
1812:2nd Congress of the RSDLP
1660:Socialism and LGBT rights
604:Socialist-oriented market
552:Socialist planned economy
455:Material balance planning
267:(while being critical of
196:(RSDLP) which split with
51:
44:
3503:Bavarian Soviet Republic
3493:Revolutions of 1917–1923
2664:Cornell University Press
2636:Kowalski, Werner. 1985.
2565:Harvard University Press
2520:Cornell University Press
2467:Cornell University Press
2401:Cornell University Press
2300:[mʲɪnʲʂɨvʲɪˈkʲi]
2182:, where they set up the
2160:Georgian Menshevik Party
1898:Constitutional Democrats
599:Socialist market economy
524:Workers' self-management
490:Socialism in one country
337:Age of the Enlightenment
246:Constitutional Democrats
45:
3827:Ukrainian Radical Party
3733:Kuban People's Republic
3644:Crimean national states
3597:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
2920:Kiev Bolshevik Uprising
2676:Bourguina, A. M. 1968.
2644:Dtv Verlagsgesellschaft
2582:Spirit of Contradiction
2461:Ascher, Abraham. 1976.
2318:[mʲɪnʲʂɨnstˈvo]
2258:Transcaspian Government
2238:Golos Sotsial-Demokrata
2148:parliamentary elections
2105:The Mensheviks opposed
2082:, Menshevik leader and
1600:Criticism of capitalism
611:Participatory economics
445:Labour-time calculation
3876:Polish Socialist Party
3692:Odessa Soviet Republic
3533:Slovak Soviet Republic
3513:Hungarian–Romanian War
3215:Provisional Government
2414:The Mensheviks in the
2127:became the hub of the
2086:
2025:Provisional Government
1605:Criticism of socialism
557:Decentralized planning
460:Peer‑to‑peer economics
3931:Volodymyr Vynnychenko
3800:Socialists-Sovereigns
3728:Kholodny Yar Republic
3205:Nicholas II of Russia
2669:Basil, John D. 1983.
2419:. Slavica Publishers.
2412:Basil, John D. 1983.
2119:and took part in the
2078:
206:Second Party Congress
3764:Constituent Assembly
3523:Polish–Ukrainian War
2925:Polish–Ukrainian War
2915:Ukrainian–Soviet War
2732:Galili, Ziva. 1989.
2557:Radkey, Oliver Henry
2341:Radziwill, Catherine
1755:Communism portal
1738:Socialism portal
430:Industrial democracy
380:Collective ownership
279:History of the split
222:bourgeois-democratic
4058:Political movements
3936:Vsevolod Holubovych
3926:Mykhailo Hrushevsky
3175:Union of October 17
2994:Kronstadt rebellion
2989:Workers' Opposition
2864:February Revolution
2744:Haimson, Leopold H.
2484:Lenin, V.I (1903).
2199:Socialist Messenger
2037:Alexandra Kollontai
1952:February Revolution
1640:Market abolitionism
1625:Left-libertarianism
562:Inclusive Democracy
529:Workplace democracy
375:Calculation in kind
357:Socialist economics
347:Revolutions of 1848
273:Kronstadt rebellion
160:Parent organization
41:
3961:Volodymyr Zatonsky
3946:Pavlo Skoropadskyi
3443:Stepan Petrichenko
3367:Alexander Kerensky
2879:October Revolution
2839:Russian Revolution
2416:Revolution of 1917
2195:Kronstadt uprising
2087:
2029:October Revolution
1645:Marxist philosophy
465:Production for use
435:Input–output model
400:Economic democracy
257:October Revolution
128:Alexander Martinov
123:Alexander Potresov
80:Alexander Martinov
4020:
4019:
3951:Noman Çelebicihan
3778:Political parties
3711:Other territories
3636:
3546:
3545:
3528:Polish–Soviet War
3481:
3480:
3415:Alexander Antonov
3410:Maria Spiridonova
3339:Felix Dzerzhinsky
3256:Alexander Kolchak
3233:Alexander Guchkov
3022:
3021:
2949:Polish–Soviet War
2932:Finnish Civil War
2905:Russian Civil War
2288:
2248:Reformist Marxism
2188:Leuville-sur-Orge
2176:Nikolay Chkheidze
2168:Evgeni Gegechkori
2133:Internationalists
2100:Russian Civil War
1857:Central Committee
1803:
1802:
1595:Communist society
1567:Socialist parties
826:Saint-Simonianism
415:Equal opportunity
405:Economic planning
342:French Revolution
265:Russian Civil War
230:Menshevik parties
182:
181:
146:(later Bolshevik)
130:(later Bolshevik)
16:(Redirected from
4085:
3986:Maria Nikiforova
3966:Georgiy Pyatakov
3956:Yukhym Medvediev
3793:independent left
3630:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3550:
3438:Maria Nikiforova
3334:Nikolai Bukharin
3304:Grigory Zinoviev
3271:Nikolai Yudenich
3193:
3054:Petrograd Soviet
2984:Tambov Rebellion
2979:Left SR uprising
2854:
2832:
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2537:www.marxists.org
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2243:Orthodox Marxism
2172:Akaki Chkhenkeli
2062:
2009:Grigory Zinoviev
1984:Petrograd Soviet
1977:
1971:
1970:
1956:Irakli Tsereteli
1942:1917 revolutions
1862:social democrats
1814:in August 1903,
1795:
1788:
1781:
1767:Organized Labour
1765:
1764:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1736:
1735:
1680:Workers' council
1317:Gracchi Brothers
841:Social democracy
584:Market socialism
572:Project Cybersyn
500:Soviet democracy
485:Social ownership
440:Internationalism
420:Free association
390:Common ownership
306:
283:
244:and the liberal
168:
139:Irakli Tsereteli
56:
42:
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3623:Ukrainian State
3606:
3583:
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3473:Peter Kropotkin
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3324:Semyon Budyonny
3280:
3237:
3209:
3184:
3122:
3111:Tsentralna Rada
3018:
2893:
2874:Kornilov affair
2845:
2836:
2785:
2767:
2736:Princeton, NJ:
2729:. Hoover Press.
2655:
2653:Further reading
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2203:Menshevik Trial
2073:
1966:(also known as
1948:Romanov dynasty
1944:
1924:
1916:liquidationists
1870:
1808:
1799:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1730:
1723:
1722:
1693:
1685:
1684:
1675:Socialist state
1670:Socialist Party
1615:Economic system
1580:
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691:Democratic road
626:
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542:
534:
533:
480:Social dividend
470:Sharing economy
370:
362:
361:
332:
324:
281:
204:faction at the
192:of the Marxist
175:
174:Formerly called
164:
161:
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106:
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60:Norra Bantorget
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3377:Boris Sokoloff
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3372:Boris Savinkov
3369:
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3362:Viktor Chernov
3358:
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3329:Yakov Sverdlov
3326:
3321:
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3314:Mikhail Frunze
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3294:Vladimir Lenin
3290:
3288:
3282:
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3278:
3273:
3268:
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3258:
3253:
3247:
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3243:White movement
3239:
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3236:
3235:
3230:
3228:Pavel Milyukov
3225:
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3044:White movement
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3020:
3019:
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3015:
3014:
3009:
3007:Central Powers
3004:
2998:Interventions
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2792:
2784:
2783:External links
2781:
2780:
2779:
2765:Liebich, André
2762:
2755:
2741:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2704:Russian Review
2699:
2696:Westview Press
2685:
2680:Stanford, CA:
2674:
2667:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2629:
2602:(2): 247–264.
2586:
2569:
2549:
2524:
2518:. Ithaca, NY:
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2218:
2215:
2164:Noe Ramishvili
2156:Prime Minister
2137:anti-Bolshevik
2072:
2069:
2000:Matvei Muranov
1982:, notably the
1943:
1940:
1923:
1920:
1886:Tsarist regime
1869:
1866:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1820:Vladimir Lenin
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1630:Libertarianism
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1579:Related topics
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833:
828:
823:
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813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
627:
622:
621:
618:
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614:
613:
608:
607:
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580:
579:
574:
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549:
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531:
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521:
516:
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492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
450:Labour voucher
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
371:
368:
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364:
363:
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359:
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349:
344:
339:
333:
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329:
326:
325:
323:
322:
317:
311:
308:
307:
299:
298:
292:
291:
280:
277:
198:Vladimir Lenin
180:
179:
176:
173:
170:
169:
162:
159:
156:
155:
153:
152:
147:
141:
136:
131:
125:
120:
115:
109:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
89:
85:
84:
57:
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4090:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3981:Nestor Makhno
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
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3952:
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3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:Major figures
3917:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3754:Minor Council
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3665:Soviet states
3663:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3581:
3574:
3569:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3551:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3486:International
3484:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3463:Viktor Bilash
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3433:Nestor Makhno
3431:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3405:Mark Natanson
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3395:Yakov Blumkin
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
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3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3319:Joseph Stalin
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3277:
3276:Lavr Kornilov
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3266:Pyotr Krasnov
3264:
3262:
3261:Anton Denikin
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Pyotr Wrangel
3249:
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3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
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2646:. pp. 336–37.
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2223:Anti-Leninism
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2080:Noe Zhordania
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2055:'s newspaper
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2017:
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2010:
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1996:Joseph Stalin
1993:
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1698:Related lists
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410:Equal liberty
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214:Pavel Axelrod
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150:Noe Zhordania
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118:Pavel Axelrod
116:
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113:Julius Martov
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76:Julius Martov
73:
72:Pavel Axelrod
69:
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61:
55:
50:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3458:Fedir Shchus
3400:Boris Kamkov
3344:Alexei Rykov
3309:Leon Trotsky
3155:
3096:Green armies
3086:Black Guards
2799:
2775:
2758:
2747:
2746:, ed. 1974.
2733:
2726:
2719:
2707:42(1):1–50.
2702:
2691:
2688:Broido, Vera
2677:
2670:
2662:Ithaca, NY:
2659:
2637:
2632:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2581:
2572:
2560:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2536:
2527:
2522:. pp. 30–31.
2515:
2510:
2486:
2462:
2457:
2445:
2442:Broido, Vera
2437:
2429:
2424:
2413:
2408:
2396:
2391:
2373:E. P. Dutton
2371:. New York:
2368:
2360:
2344:
2336:
2321:, 'minority'
2309:
2272:
2210:
2198:
2192:
2141:
2139:activities.
2121:Mezhraiontsy
2116:Novaya Zhizn
2114:
2104:
2088:
2064:
2059:Novaya Zhizn
2049:Mezhraiontsy
2041:Leon Trotsky
2033:
2018:
1988:
1945:
1925:
1912:
1879:
1871:
1846:
1838:
1823:
1809:
711:Evolutionary
631:21st-century
425:Freed market
250:
218:
185:
183:
144:Leon Trotsky
70:, May 1917 (
36:
3861:Poalei Zion
3759:Directorate
3742:Parliaments
3633:Directorate
3582:(1917–1920)
3468:Fanya Baron
3448:Lev Chernyi
3299:Lev Kamenev
3223:Georgy Lvov
3197:Monarchists
2768: [
2349:C. F. Horne
2312:menshinstvó
2306:меньшинство
2207:Great Purge
2111:World War I
2053:Maxim Gorky
2045:Adolf Joffe
2013:Switzerland
1992:Lev Kamenev
1960:annexations
1936:World War I
1849:Jewish Bund
1742:WikiProject
1620:French Left
1412:Spiridonova
1311:Politicians
1224:Castoriadis
904:Saint-Simon
856:Third World
851:Syndicalism
786:Nationalist
761:Libertarian
726:Free-market
589:Lange model
577:Soviet-type
547:Communalism
519:Vanguardism
475:Spontaneism
385:Cooperative
331:Development
261:coup d'état
234:World War I
46:меньшевики́
4033:Mensheviks
4027:Categories
3971:Yuri Gaven
3903:Mensheviks
3898:Bolsheviks
3851:Fareynikte
3815:Borotbists
3425:Anarchists
3286:Bolsheviks
3156:Mensheviks
3151:Bolsheviks
3101:Red Guards
2944:Heimosodat
2857:Revolution
2642:. Berlin:
2542:16 January
2329:References
2291:menshevikí
2279:меньшевики
1853:federalist
1713:Socialists
1708:By country
1590:Capitalism
1472:Mitterrand
1437:Gerhardsen
1382:Liebknecht
1367:Markievicz
1294:Varoufakis
1244:Fotopoulos
914:Saint-Just
909:Buonarroti
894:Campanella
831:Scientific
766:Marhaenism
721:Fourierism
706:Ecological
686:Democratic
186:Mensheviks
134:Fyodor Dan
105:Key people
40:Mensheviks
18:Menshevism
4078:Socialism
3602:Act Zluky
3354:Right SRs
3079:elections
2898:Civil War
2869:July Days
2843:Civil War
2757:—— 1988.
2750:Chicago:
2725:—— 1991.
2718:—— 1987.
2624:159481346
2496:cite book
2285:romanized
2228:Bolshevik
2211:Messenger
2162:included
1922:1912–1914
1894:bourgeois
1882:socialism
1868:1906–1916
1806:1903–1906
1585:Anarchism
1507:Gorbachev
1357:Malatesta
1352:Bernstein
1129:Pankhurst
1109:Pannekoek
1099:Luxemburg
1054:Plekhanov
1029:Carpenter
1024:Kropotkin
821:Ricardian
811:Religious
806:Reformism
791:Nkrumaism
781:Municipal
681:Communism
676:Christian
661:Blanquism
651:Anarchism
594:Mutualism
296:Socialism
275:in 1921.
226:Bolshevik
202:Bolshevik
96:Dissolved
88:Formation
64:Stockholm
3976:Béla Kun
3856:The Bund
3631:(led by
3387:Left SRs
3168:Left SRs
3064:Red Army
3012:Siberian
2774:. 1997.
2690:. 1987.
2559:. 1950.
2444:. 1987.
2381:2400504W
2367:. 1922.
2217:See also
2065:New Life
2004:Siberian
1703:Category
1442:Erlander
1402:Kerensky
1372:Connolly
1229:Thompson
1214:Bookchin
1204:Montseny
1154:Vanzetti
1119:Einstein
1089:Landauer
994:Saltykov
989:Lassalle
949:Proudhon
731:Gandhian
716:Feminist
666:Buddhist
646:Agrarian
624:Variants
288:a series
286:Part of
236:and the
4053:Marxism
3189:Figures
3128:Parties
2303:; from
2154:became
2096:Georgia
1980:soviets
1950:by the
1872:At the
1810:At the
1537:Sánchez
1522:Sankara
1482:Mandela
1467:Kreisky
1457:Allende
1452:Senghor
1447:Douglas
1432:Durruti
1397:Trotsky
1289:Graeber
1269:Hampton
1239:Chomsky
1184:Marcuse
1169:Gramsci
1159:Bordiga
1149:Polanyi
1104:Russell
1094:Berkman
1084:Goldman
1074:Du Bois
1044:Kautsky
1039:Bellamy
1004:Tolstoy
979:Wallace
964:Bakunin
954:Greeley
944:Blanqui
924:Fourier
871:Zionist
861:Utopian
801:Popular
796:Owenism
776:Marxism
756:Liberal
741:Islamic
701:Ethical
696:Digital
671:Chinese
636:African
320:Outline
315:History
251:In the
190:faction
188:were a
178:"softs"
3136:Kadets
3027:Groups
3002:Allied
2850:Events
2713:129453
2711:
2622:
2616:261050
2614:
2379:
2353:p. 328
2209:. The
2180:France
1998:, and
1532:Marcos
1527:Chávez
1517:Corbyn
1492:Manley
1487:Dubček
1477:Nasser
1417:Makhno
1407:Attlee
1392:Martov
1377:Gandhi
1332:Babeuf
1322:Mazdak
1284:Hedges
1264:Öcalan
1249:Newton
1209:Sartre
1199:Guérin
1194:Orwell
1144:Korsch
1139:Lukács
1124:Keller
1114:Rocker
1059:Ferrer
1014:Morris
1009:Michel
984:Lavrov
974:Engels
959:Herzen
934:Leroux
866:Yellow
771:Market
746:Jewish
541:Models
78:, and
68:Sweden
3788:USDLP
3141:Nabat
2772:]
2709:JSTOR
2620:S2CID
2612:JSTOR
2450:Gower
2385:p. 10
2369:Lenin
2264:Notes
1975:esery
1969:эсеры
1825:Iskra
1718:Songs
1692:Lists
1497:Palme
1347:Bebel
1337:Blanc
1299:Saito
1274:Žižek
1254:Wolff
1189:James
1174:Sacco
1164:Serge
1134:Volin
1079:Gorky
1069:Wells
1064:Dewey
1049:Wilde
1034:Sorel
1019:Jones
929:Cabet
899:Paine
846:State
836:Sewer
736:Guild
514:needs
369:Ideas
259:as a
3891:Left
3810:UPSR
3805:UPSF
2841:and
2544:2016
2502:link
2296:IPA:
2142:The
2131:(of
2043:and
1901:the
1818:and
1512:Lula
1427:Nagy
1422:Tito
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