409:
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34:
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256:. He was born a human and lived his early life as a fisherman. One day, while fishing, he saw that the fish he caught would jump from the grass and into the sea. He ate some of the grass, believing it to have magical properties, and felt an overwhelming desire to be in the sea. He jumped in the ocean and refused to go back on land. The sea gods nearby heard his prayers and transformed him into a sea god.
6270:
1139:
1380:
1861:
allegedly seen in 1719 of particularly large size, measuring 3 fathoms (5.5 m), was dark-grey in colour; it had paws like the seal-calf (seal) but might be counted among the whale-kind, according to the commentator. Another seen in 1723 (taken from the writing of
Andreas Bussæus 1679–1735) was
742:
laughs thrice, and when pressed, reveals to the peasant his insight (buried gold, wife's infidelity, dog's fidelity) on promise of release. The peasant finds wonderful gray milk-cows next to his property, which he presumes were the merman's gift; the unruly cows were made obedient by bursting the
1582:
Mermen sometimes appear in modern comics, games, television shows and films. Although they were once depicted largely as being unattractive in some traditions as described in previous sections, in some modern works, mermen are portrayed as handsome, strong and brave. In the 1977–1978 television
1462:
has also been relabeled by another curator as a "merman", where "mermen" or "feejee mermaids" are used as generic terms for such concocted mummies. DNA testing was inconclusive as to species (and nothing on gender was disclosed), but despite being catalogued as a "Japanese Monkey-fish", it was
166:
is to be believed, Oannes was indeed a being possessed of a fish head and man's head beneath, and both a fish tail and manlike legs. But
Berossus was writing much later during the era of Greek rule, engaging in the "construction" of the past. Thus even though figurines have been unearth to
1292:(Nicholas Fish) was a human boy until his mother cursed him to become part fish. As a merman, he occasionally assisted fishermen, but was summoned by a king who ordered him to explore the seabed and bring back items. Cola Pesce reluctantly went on the king's errands, only to disappear.
300:) allegedly caught a merman while fishing, and the creature prophesied one thing: the man's son will gain possession of the piece of land where the mare Skálm chooses to "lie down under her load". In a subsequent fishing trip the man was drowned, survived by the boy who stayed behind.
167:
corroborate this fish-man iconography, these can be regarded as representing "human figures clad in fish cloaks", rather than a being with a fish head growing above the human head. And the god Ea is also seen as depicted wearing a fish cloak by modern scholars.
4827:(27 Brave New Worlds: Transforming Museum Ethnography through Technology: Papers from the Annual Conference of the Museum Ethnographers Group Held at Brighton Museum & Art Gallery, in Association with the University of Brighton, 15–16 April 2013): 98–116.
2888:
Germanicus and
Plinius Indicus: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century Descriptions and Illustrations of Orchid "Trash Baskets", Resupination, Seeds, Floral Segments and Flower Senescence in the European Botanical Literature in Orchid Biology: Reviews and
1503:
Gudger also noted that the mermaid-like bishopfish could well be simulated by a dried specimen of a ray. A dried ray bears a vaguely anthropomorphic shape, and can be further manipulated to enhance its desired monstrous look. Such figures made of
553:)" viewed on this same date was the size of a 5-year-old child. It has been remarked in connection to this by one ichthyologist that mermen created by joining the monkey's upper body with a fish's lower extremity have been manufactured in
4162:
638:
as a "water-elf". This merman is described as seal-like from the waist down. Jón the
Learned also wrote down a short tale or folktale concerning it, which has been translated under the titles "The Merman" and "Of Marbendill".
502:) has been described by a modern commentator as having "the lower body of a fish and the upper body of a man, the head an horns of a buck-goat or the devil, and the breasts of a woman", and lacks the horse-legs of a typical
806:
ballad work with this theme, but it is of late composition (late 18th century). It tells of a merman who had been mated to a human woman named Agnete; the merman unsuccessfully pleaded with her to come back to him and
1447:, New York, in 1842. Although billed as a "mermaid", this has also been bluntly referred to as a "Barnum's merman" in one piece of journalism. This specimen was an example of fake mermaids posed in "
2951:..der Meerteufel, Daemon marinus, der den Unterkörper eines Fisch und den Oberkörper eines Menschen hat, der Kopf und Hörner hat wie ein Bock oder wie der Teufel und die Brust ist wie bei einer Frau
1806:
Gesner's artist told him "he had received a drawing of a skeleton of such an animal in
Antwerp. Also, another man brought back this monster dried from Norway to lower Germany, male and female".
1470:, is displayed at the Indian Trading Post. Other such "mermen", which may be composites of wood carvings, parts of monkeys and fish, are found in museums around the world; for example, at the
4472:
329:). He is said to generally match her anthropomorphic appearance on the top half, though his lower half is said to have been never been seen. In actuality, it may have been just a sea-mammal (
711:) were later ascribed the general characteristic that they are of "a dusky hue, with a long beard, black hair, and from the waist upwards resemble a man, but downwards are like a fish."
4378:
3650:
3496:'s description in Danish: "mørkladne, have langt Skiæg, sort Haar og ligne oventil et Menneste; men nedentil en Fisk" (pp. 58–59). Faye cites Pontoppidan as a source (p. 62).
3480:
Northern
Mythology, Comprising the Principal Popular Traditions and Superstitions of Scandinavia, North Germany and the Netherlands: Compiled from Original and Other Sources
663:
i the common designation of the mermaid. This gender classification however is not in alignment with the medieval source described above, which pairs the margýgr with the (
4171:
5796:
1871:
However, it should be remembered that a polling of the folklore of the "British Isles" would include Irish folklore, and the story of the male merrow
Coomara was
5324:
763:, early 19th century); the merman's consort is said to be occasionally spotted sitting on a holme (small island), laundering her linen or combing her hair.
3625:
4480:
4898:
3835:
Mermen do appear within folklore, but are relatively uncommon in
American lore. They are also said to be much less visually appealing than mermaids.
1674:
5188:
2328:
Origines
Islandicae: A Collection of the More Important Sagas and Other Native Writings Relating to the Settlement and Early History of Iceland
1700:
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5252:
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4277:
4235:
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2109:
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like an old man, with curled black hair and black beard, coarse-skinned but shaggy. One witness noticed its body was taper-ended like a fish.
1775:
1679:
6334:
3391:
6314:
5200:
2824:
1793:
3012:
1115:), which describes the creature as having the shape of a (Buddhist) priest, though diminutive in stature. It has been equated with the
6213:
5539:
5284:
4594:
107:-like from the waist down, but may assume normal human shape. Sometimes mermen are described as hideous and other times as handsome.
5279:
4621:
4361:
4309:
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3407:
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3562:
Ett år i Sverge: Taflor af
Svenska almogens Klädedrägt, lefnadssätt och hemseder, samt de för Landets Historia märkvärdigaste Orter
2086:
The earliest example is probably an unpublished "tutelary figure of Ea" made of lead and wearing a fish cloak, excavated at Nineveh
1523:
wrote a poem called "The Forsaken Merman" about a merman whose human wife abandoned him and their children. Mermen may feature in
645:, building on this classification, divided the water-elves into two groups: the male marbendill vs. the female known variously as
631:
569:). Mummies (Feejee mermaids) were certainly being manufactured in Japan in some quantity by the 19th century or even earlier (cf.
5419:
4502:
4809:"Searching for Sirenes in the 17th and 18th Centuries: Fantastic Taxonomies of Anthropomorphic Fish in Chinese and Jesuit Texts"
5223:
5193:
3898:
1606:
2773:
4018:
3874:
3821:
2843:"Monstrosities from the Sea. Taxonomy and tradition in Conrad Gessner's (1516-1565) discussion of cetaceans and sea-monsters"
1661:
1160:
914:
eel and hair of seaweed, was still placated with votive offerings of fish left on the beach by fishermen. Similarly vengeful
3147:
953:
However, Chinese human-fish have been described (and illustrated) as resembling a catfish, and not quite so human-like (cf.
4891:
2415:
2063:
907:
862:
528:
4778:
Gudger, E. W. (June 1934). "Jenny Hanivers, Dragons and Basilisks in the Old Natural History Books and in Modern Times".
4224:
Covey, Jacob, ed. (2007). "Pictorial Schedule of Traditional Hidden Creatures from the Interest of 90 Modern Artistans".
4039:
Vol. 12, p. 101, with a facsimile sketch of the print, and was offered as an example of a male ningyo. The comic cited
3632:. Vol. 1, Part2. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Company. pp. 253–257. Archived from the original on 2022-10-20
2967:
885:
named Coomara, a hideous creature with green hair, teeth and skin, narrow eyes and a red nose. The tale was created by
6090:
5826:
5429:
5241:
4808:
4426:
4701:
1444:
1203:
408:
5676:
5331:
3347:
3314:
3263:
3232:
3030:
2315:
1175:
642:
3295:
1258:, is sometimes portrayed as a magical, powerful, bearded man with the tail of a fish. He can cure illnesses, lift
1149:
6324:
6157:
6135:
5686:
5434:
3665:
3326:
3242:
2499:
1930:, which is a somewhat specific type of formal attire, even though Mangani translated it as "non-removable cloth".
211:. Neither Poseidon nor Amphitrite were merfolk, although both were able to live underwater as easily as on land.
2763:
1897:
or "beard". But had to be released back to sea, upon which it was seen "clapping its hands and laughing loudly".
5791:
5738:
5544:
5294:
5120:
4933:
4884:
4301:
1357:, where they appear with the torso, head and arms of a man upon the tail of a fish. They are typically used as
824:
562:
1533:
1182:
808:
395:
2425:
The Sagaman and Oral Literature: The Icelandic Traditions of Hjorleifr inn kvensami and Geirmundr heljarskinn
6255:
5881:
5218:
5110:
2224:
1628:
1156:
20:
1500:), and Gudger suspected these were misinformation based on the aforementioned hoax mermaids from the East.
1086:
encompassing features of both types: it had chin hair as well as a skin flap around the waist similar to a
6329:
6108:
5612:
5464:
5257:
5233:
5183:
3161:
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1620:
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1455:'s painting; mermaids in this pose were commonly made in the late 18th and early 19th century in Japan.
1189:
855:
5363:
4979:
4035:
1611:
433:
4544:
3595:
2630:"Ch. XXIX. §10. Udtog af Konúngs skuggsjó angaaende Grönlands Beliggenhed og physiske Mærkværdigheder"
33:
6233:
6125:
5310:
5303:
4974:
4787:
2842:
2514:
1727:
1565:
in which mermen are deliberately created surgically as amphibious human beings with gills, while in
1247:
1065:
262:
5444:
3202:
143:. However, while some popular writers have equated Oannes of the Greek period to the god Ea (and to
6120:
5617:
5506:
5469:
5247:
5098:
4823:
Viscardi, Paolo; Hollinshead, Anita; MacFarlane, Ross; Moffat, James (2014). "Mermaids Uncovered".
4731:
3621:
3539:
Sea Phantoms: Or, Legends and Superstitions of the Sea and of Sailors in All Lands and at All Times
3530:
2651:
2625:
1634:
1542:
1312:
1254:
1171:
923:
844:
818:
799:
318:
226:
181:
124:
4657:
Vernallis, Carol (May 1998). "The Aesthetics of Music Video: An Analysis of Madonna's 'Cherish'".
3453:
3436:
3206:
3186:
2934:
2605:
2473:
2205:
776:
491:) to an artist's image he obtained, which he said was that of an "ichthyocentaur" or "sea-devil".
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242:
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96:
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2041:
Constructions of Greek Past: Identity and Historical Consciousness from Antiquity to the Present
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2152:
2105:
2099:
2075:
2067:
2044:
1648:
1585:
1478:
1362:
1338:
1307:, is described according to local lore as taking the form of a human or merman, also known as
1236:
582:
515:
507:
200:
4755:
4739:
4349:
3669:
3557:
3553:
3475:
3351:
3236:
2886:
2787:
2323:
2292:
2228:
2037:"Berossos and the Construction off a Near Eastern Cultural History in Response to the Greeks"
2036:
2000:
839:
surmises that as in Nordic (Scandinavian) countries, the original man-like water-dwellers of
677:
6283:
6147:
5993:
5849:
5818:
5519:
5317:
5087:
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4928:
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4666:
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3423:
3113:
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2854:
2522:
2419:
1906:
1884:
1872:
1828:
1605:
mythos, often showing a parochialistic rivalry with humanoid water-breathers. The mermen or
1556:
1551:
903:
886:
854:) was entirely man-like though he liked to eat raw fish and eventually returned to the sea.
771:
752:
587:
368:
214:
Tritons later became generic mermen, so that multiple numbers of them were depicted in art.
4735:
2018:, p. 73: "the first merman in recorded history is the sea-god Ea, or in Greek, Oannes"
337:), or the phenomenon of some sea creature appearing magnified in size, caused by mid-range
6304:
6228:
5776:
5374:
5149:
5092:
3701:
3471:
3434:(in Danish). Vol. 2. Copenhagen: Berlingske Arvingers Bogtrykkerie. pp. 302–317.
3289:
2919:
2691:
2548:
2455:
2377:
2264:
2201:
2131:
1776:
Planisferio antico di Andrea Bianco Che si conserva in Venezia nella Biblioteca di S. Marc
1524:
1459:
985:
495:
448:
234:
196:
4329:
2939:, Studia Historica 36 (in German), Helsinki: Societas Historica Finlandiae, p. 262,
1070:
4791:
2858:
2518:
6208:
6203:
5701:
5529:
5479:
5404:
5228:
5065:
4984:
4586:
Icons of Horror and the Supernatural: An Encyclopedia of Our Worst Nightmares, Volume 2
4562:
4476:
4383:
2634:
Grönlands historiske Mindesmaerker, udgivne af det kongelige nordiske oldskrift-selskab
2621:
1520:
1505:
1467:
1384:
1112:
895:
890:
760:
577:
484:
246:
44:
1477:
Such fake mermaids handcrafted from monkeys and fish were being made in China and the
6298:
6103:
5980:
5953:
5649:
5558:
5491:
5459:
5414:
5409:
5132:
5115:
4269:
Fantastic Creatures in Mythology and Folklore: From Medieval Times to the Present Day
3087:
3085:
2647:
2245:
1831:
has also reproduced an illustration quite similar to Schott's, claiming it came from
1820:
1706:
1590:
1566:
1538:
1509:
1422:
461:
443:
372:
4768:
4686:
3754:
3053:"The Mermaid, and the Symbolism of the Fish, in Art, Literature, and Legendary Lore"
2534:
1435:
A stuffed specimen of the merfolk was exhibited in London in 1822 was later billed "
1196:
6130:
5771:
5671:
5514:
5454:
5394:
5166:
5060:
5035:
5030:
4996:
4840:
4751:
4640:
4431:
4345:
4073:
3167:
The Encyclopædia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature
2587:
Festskrift til professor Amund Helland paahans 70 aars fødselsdag, 11. oktober 1916
2578:
1996:
1571:
1555:
in which genetically enhanced mermen can communicate telepathically with dolphins.
1546:
1481:, and imported by the Dutch since the mid-16th century, according to ichthyologist
1471:
1452:
1436:
1418:
1319:
1300:
1050:
915:
63:
4860:
1266:, but he can also cause unintended harm by becoming too curious about human life.
266:, describing him as a blue-green man with a fishy member where his legs had been.
4844:
4267:
4225:
3978:
3902:
3358:. Kjartan Gudjónsson (illustr.) (2 ed.). Iceland Review. pp. lvi–lvii.
2991:
Fish Stories Alleged and Experienced: With a Little History Natural and Unnatural
2344:
Cochrane, Jamie A. (2008). McKinnell, John; Ashurst, David; Kick, Donata (eds.).
2146:
1463:
determined to contain no monkey parts, but only the teeth, scales, etc. of fish.
6197:
6182:
6115:
5958:
5943:
5933:
5886:
5844:
5836:
5666:
5439:
5345:
5055:
5020:
2395:
1643:
1440:
1404:
1395:
1330:
had humanoid upper torsos, legs and feet, and a fish-like lower torso and tail.
1138:
803:
618:
330:
2151:. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. p. 30.
843:
probably lacked fish-like tails. A "wildman" caught in a fishnet, described by
91:; also merlad or merboy in youth), the male counterpart of the mythical female
6192:
6043:
5968:
5938:
5918:
5913:
5876:
5866:
5859:
5854:
5840:
5808:
5501:
5424:
5142:
5082:
5077:
4952:
4670:
4636:
4379:"Up close and personal with the Banff Merman at the Banff Indian Trading Post"
4179:
2664:. Vol. 1. Kjartan Gudjónsson (illustr.). Walter de Gruyter. p. 436.
2526:
1753:
1561:
1497:
1448:
1414:
1289:
1117:
624:
604:
549:
on 3 November 1523. Elsewhere in Gesner's book it is stated the "sea monster (
280:
208:
3574:"Swedish Anitquities: translated and abridged from Forssell's Année en Suede"
1343:
541:
This illustration was apparently ultimately based on a skeletal specimen and
6243:
6033:
5948:
5928:
5761:
5746:
5597:
5137:
3918:(in Japanese), Introduction by Oyama, Takahide, To-o Nippo Press, p. 41
3191:. The Mythology of All Races 2. Boston: Marshall Jones Company. p. 210.
1953:
1693:
1598:
1358:
1274:
1104:
990:
858:
opined that the mermen are "often uglier and rougher in the British Isles".
718:
does literally mean 'sea-talker', the word is thought to be a corruption of
634:('the Learned', d. 1658)'s writings concerning elves includes the merman or
511:
476:
120:
5369:
3454:"Ch. 8. Sect. 3. Hav-Mand, Mer-man – Sect. 4. Meerminne – Sect. 5. Marmæte"
2557:. Translated by Chater, Arthur G. Cambridge University Press. p. 244.
899:
No. 25, "Der Wassermann und der Bauer" or "The Waterman and the Peasant").
1379:
6177:
6028:
5923:
5871:
5803:
5728:
5659:
5607:
5496:
5070:
5001:
3854:
3852:
3476:"I. Norwegian Traditions: §The Merman (Marmennill) and Mermaid (Margygr)"
2738:
The World Map, 1300-1492: The Persistence of Tradition and Transformation
1832:
1752:
The settler was Grímr Ingjaldsson whose family hails from Haddingjadalr (
1689:
1684:
1656:
1594:
1576:
1493:
1354:
1122:
919:
874:
204:
163:
4832:
4106:
3798:
3541:(Rev. ed.). Chicago: Rinehart & Company, Inc. pp. 148–201.
1952:'s source received description of the bishopfish from some informant in
6053:
6048:
6023:
5988:
5963:
5908:
5751:
5723:
5711:
5654:
4907:
4868:
4137:
3492:
Thorpe who cites Faye as general source (p. 9, note 2), and translates
2284:
1616:
1602:
1426:
1374:
1347:
1163: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
954:
840:
682:
609:
566:
503:
253:
158:
149:
116:
92:
4678:
3932:
Kawaraban shinbun: Ōsaka natsu no jin kara gōshō Zeniya Gohei no saigo
2867:
1893:
1889:
734:
prophesying to an early Icelandic settler has already been noted (cf.
32:
6142:
6038:
6018:
5716:
5681:
5622:
5050:
5045:
4799:
4119:
3458:
The Natural History of Norway...: Translated from the Danish Original
1304:
1278:
1263:
1088:
1013:
965:
946:
911:
882:
767:
558:
348:
as the largest sorts of mermen, which would explain why the word for
338:
136:
4354:
The Feejee mermaid and other essays in natural and unnatural history
2702:
Kulturhistorisk lexikon för nordisk medeltid/for nordisk middelalder
1948:
Gudger notes as corroborating circumstantial evidence the fact that
1315:) and with the habit of seducing human women and impregnating them.
1064:
described by Aleni was actually a female woman, identifiable as the
743:
strange bladder or sac on their muzzle (with the stick he carried).
4458:
4446:
3091:
2330:(in Icelandic). Vol. 1. Clarendon Press, 1905. pp. 53–54.
934:
In China and in Japan, there are various accounts of "human-fish" (
612:
folklore beliefs speak of sea-dwelling humans (humanoids) known as
225:. In the 16th century, Triton was referred to as the "trumpeter of
6248:
6218:
6187:
6098:
6080:
6013:
6008:
5893:
5691:
5644:
5602:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
4962:
4876:
2792:
Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia
2790:, in Friedman, John Block Friedman; Figg, Kristen Mossler (eds.),
1378:
1337:
1327:
1270:
1259:
1075:
captured in 1403, with drooping skin, as if she were dressed in .
813:
554:
542:
480:
394:
218:
186:
180:
144:
132:
100:
781:
759:) abducting a human girl to become his wife has been documented (
675:
According to Norwegian folklore dating back to the 18th century,
545:. Gesner explained that such a creature was placed on exhibit in
6223:
6065:
5898:
5781:
5696:
5639:
2880:
2878:
1857:
Pontpoddian had included a section on the latest sightings. One
1778:", LUNA, JCB Map Collection. The figure occurs at the far right.
1323:
1296:
922:
and Gaelic lore, which may relate to pre-Christian gods such as
557:
for centuries; and such merchandise may have been imported into
546:
257:
241:(1551), and this phrase has been used in modern commentary. The
128:
104:
4880:
4762:(in Danish). Arendal: N. C. Halds Bogtrykkerie. pp. 58–62.
1018:
In China and Japan there are also accounts of the "sea human" (
910:, described as a lonely, mournful character with the skin of a
312:
is a merman, described as a counterpart to the hideous mermaid
6075:
6070:
6003:
5998:
5634:
3309:
3307:
1132:
692:) as wife, and the offspring or young they produce are called
3342:
3340:
2500:"The hafstramb and margygr of the King's Mirror: an analysis"
2347:
Land-Spirits and Iceland's Fantastic Pre-Conversion Landscape
162:
have been described as "fish-men" in cuneiform texts, and if
1774:
This is replicated in the Vincenzio Formaleoni map of 1783 "
1485:. Several natural history books published around this time (
4613:
The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters
4356:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp. x, 38–40.
3846:
Traditional Cornish Stories and Rhymes, Lodenek Press, 1972
2994:. American nature series. Group V. Diversions from nature.
1939:
And eyebrows, and webbed skin between the fingers and toes.
865:, are supposedly depicted as less beautiful than mermaids.
590:
as a type of "ichthyocentaur", on the authority of Gesner.
533:
3756:
The vanishing people: a study of traditional fairy beliefs
2885:
Wehner, Ursula; Zierau, Wolfgang; Arditti, Joseph (2013).
2661:
Nordic language history and natural and technical sciences
1956:(and the Dutch were the importers of the mermaid mummies).
1383:
The Banff "merman" on display at the Indian Trading Post,
622:), which is the later Norse, and modern Icelandic form of
4184:邵子曰。...尝闻海贾云。南海时有海人出。形如僧。人颇小。登舟而坐。至则戒舟人寂然不动。少顷复沈水。否则大风翻舟。
3272:. Vol. I. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs. pp. 132–133.
2892:. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 42–44.
2299:(in Icelandic). Edinburgh: I. B. Hutchen. pp. 73–74.
1665:
could be seen as a modern adaptation of the merman myth.
4702:"Movie Review – The Creature From the Black Lagoon"
4053:
4051:
4049:
3784:
Markey, Anne (2006). "The Discovery of Irish Folklore".
3072:
3070:
2658:; Telemann, Ulf; Elmevik, Lennart; Widmark, Gun (eds.).
1979:
1977:
1765:
This boy is identifiable as Þórir (anglicized as Thore).
4746:(in Icelandic), Reykjavík: Heimskringla, pp. 67–83
4503:"Could this be the most gruesome creature in Brighton?"
2310:
2308:
2306:
1615:
game. Three mermen are featured in the music video for
1786:
1784:
791:" about a merman abducting a girl; the Danish ballad "
4083:[General theory of the Four Seas: mer-folk],
2493:
2491:
1646:) who turns into a merman. The 2006 CG-animated film
950:), and these presumably occurred in male forms also.
352:('little mer-man') would be given in the diminutive.
4194:
4192:
4068:
4066:
3552:
Grafström, Anders (text); Forssell, Christian (ed.)
3249:. London: Longman, Green, and Co. pp. lvi–lvii.
3207:"Jón Guðmundsson and his natural history of Iceland"
994:
newspaper carrying news of the "ningyo from Holland"
6170:
6089:
5979:
5817:
5737:
5566:
5557:
5478:
5387:
5355:
5293:
5209:
5165:
5158:
4942:
3713:
3711:
3428:"Kap. 8. §2. Havmand –§4. Meer-minne – §5. Marmæte"
3402:(in Icelandic). Bóka- og blaðaútgáfan. p. 17.
2936:
Tier und Mensch im Denken der deutschen Renaissance
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
69:
59:
51:
3753:
3460:. Vol. 2. London: A. Linde. pp. 186–195.
3116:, Boston: Little, Brown & Company, p. 134
1099:An older (though perhaps lesser known) account of
1049:), actually written by a European. Here Ai Rulüe (
1032:), some of these accounts are of European origin.
3482:. Vol. 2. London: Edward Lumley. p. 27.
2636:. Vol. 3. Kjøbenhavn: Brünnich. p. 373.
2035:Breucker, Geert de (2021), Hokwerda, Hero (ed.),
1492:) carried entries on the mermaid-like monk-fish (
1096:was worn by men, as well as women in some cases.
3649:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
3354:. In May Hallmundsson; Eiríkr Magnússon (eds.).
3126:
1790:Translation of Gesner's Latin passage given in:
1353:Mermen or "tritons" see uncommon use in British
968:). One example is the picture of male human-fish
795:" is a cognate ballad based on the same legend.
722:, the aforementioned Old Norse term for merman.
371:(1436). A merman and a mermaid are shown on the
252:Another notable merman from Greek mythology was
199:was depicted as a half-man, half-fish merman in
4744:Úr manna minnum. Greinar um íslenskar þjóðsögur
4334:. London: T.C. and E.C. Jack. pp. 227–228.
3868:A Chinese Bestiary: Strange Creatures from the
3432:Det første Forsøg paa Norges naturlige Historie
3139:
1652:features a merman character named Prince Nalu.
977:
658:
652:
646:
260:describes the transformation of Glaucus in the
4255:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. p. 746.
4033:This newsprint was also featured in the manga
3986:Tokyo ningyō manhitsu club: akasatana manpitsu
3600:"Studier öfver våra folkvisor från medeltiden"
3258:
3256:
2002:Myths & Legends of Babylonia & Assyria
1642:, includes a teenage boy named Zac (played by
1601:mythology, mermen are a common fixture of the
1466:Another "merman" specimen supposedly found in
997:
971:
5325:The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction
4892:
3729:, Oxford University Press, pp. 639–640,
1925:
1575:, a race of merpeople live in a lake outside
1057:. The example of the first kind had a beard.
1044:
1019:
935:
8:
4610:Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock, ed. (April 2016).
4420:
4418:
3604:Framtiden: Tidskrift för fosterländsk odling
3333:. London: Richard Bentley. pp. 103–105.
3174:. Vol. 16 (9 ed.). pp. 44–45.
2498:Lehn, Waldemar H.; Zierau, Wolfgang (2004).
1288:In an Italian folktale with medieval roots,
26:
3938:(in Japanese). Heibonsha. pp. 23, 85.
3517:
3505:
3378:
3057:The Reliquary and Illustrated Archaeologist
2410:
2408:
2339:
2337:
2180:. Princeton University Press. p. 236.
2072:Ea's Duplicity in the Gilgamesh Flood Story
751:In Sweden, the superstition of the merman (
506:. Gesner made reference to a passage where
5563:
5484:
5162:
4899:
4885:
4877:
2650:(2008). Bandle, Oscar; Braunmüller, Kurt;
2589:, Kristiania: Aschehoug, pp. 217, 221
2259:
2257:
2255:
2210:Dictionarium Seu Thesaurus Latinae Linguae
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2005:. G. Harrap. pp. 87, 93, 111, 216217.
1375:Mermaid § Hoaxes and show exhibitions
217:Tritons were also associated with using a
115:Perhaps the first recorded merman was the
4578:
4576:
3786:New Hibernia Review / Iris Éireannach Nua
3779:
3777:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2866:
2230:The Metamorphoses of Publius Ovidius Naso
1223:Learn how and when to remove this message
738:). In the story "The Merman", a captured
570:
249:referred to Triton's "trompet" as well.
4409:
4040:
3671:Agnes and the Merman: Abraham as Monster
3664:Kramer, Nathaniel (2014). Nun, Katalin;
3630:The English and Scottish Popular Ballads
3535:"Chapter IV. Water-Sprites and Mermaids"
367:A twin-tailed merman is depicted on the
344:Medieval Norsemen may have regarded the
4057:
3626:"Rosmer Havmand, or The Mer-man Rosmer"
2350:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 188–190.
1973:
1719:
1675:List of piscine and amphibian humanoids
1342:Merman pictured in the coat of arms of
4531:
4519:
3697:
3687:
3642:
3285:
3275:
3076:
3008:
2915:
2905:
2820:
2687:
2677:
2616:
2614:
2451:
2441:
2373:
2363:
2127:
2117:
1740:
1701:1983... (A Merman I Should Turn to Be)
988:. Another is the illustrated sheet of
889:, who lifted the plot from one of the
514:'s seas, counted among the fishes and
25:
5253:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
4589:. Greenwood Press. pp. 452–455.
4563:"The Forsaken Merman: Poem by Arnold"
4101:Hirokawa Kai (1797). "Kaijin, kaijo"
3029:Grace Constantino (31 October 2014).
2148:The Marine Thiasos in Greek Sculpture
2015:
1983:
1680:List of hybrid creatures in mythology
1053:) stated that there are two kinds of
135:), linked to the figure known to the
7:
4150:. Daitōkaku. p. 30, Fig. 8, Fig. 14.
3966:, Fukushima Museum, July–August 2021
3870:Guideways Through Mountains and Seas
3859:Strassberg, Richard E., ed. (2018).
3816:. Infobase Publishing. p. 266.
3493:
2101:Deities, Themes and Concepts: Waters
1815:An illustration similar to Gesner's
1161:adding citations to reliable sources
735:
359:merely as an imaginary sea-monster.
203:. Triton was the son of the sea-god
4473:"Banff's oldest celebrity resident"
4427:"Mysterious mermaid stripped naked"
4230:. Fantagraphics Books. p. 36.
3568:(illustr.). J. Hörberg. p. 52.
3400:Íslenskar þjóðsögur: álfar og tröll
2859:10.5252/anthropozoologica2018v53a11
2428:. Slavica Publishers. p. 418.
1121:("sea-priest, sea acolyte priest")
1039:occurs in a work in Chinese called
84:
6214:LGBT themes in speculative fiction
5540:Works inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien
2474:"A Foundation Myth in Landnámabók"
2212:, Ex Sirenis Officina, p. 507
1004:, bearing the face of an old man.
964:do exist from the Edo Period (cf.
14:
4425:Viscardi, Paolo (16 April 2014).
3953:"Awai no kuni, ayakashi no kuni"
3940:面光女のごとく頭紅毛有両手猿にて又水かき有其形蛇の如く四尺五寸あり
3929:Nishimaki, Kōzaburō, ed. (1978).
3813:Encyclopedia of American Folklore
3031:"The Beautiful Monster: Mermaids"
2601:Konungs skuggsjá: Speculum regale
1848:and commentary on the Snorra Edda
984:hand-copied by the young lord of
6279:
6278:
6268:
4377:Babin, Tom (28 September 2012).
4163:Juan 1, second part, Guanwu piān
3979:"Shi wa shinbun shinshi no shi"
3727:A Dictionary of English Folklore
3185:MacCulloch, John Arnott (1930).
2713:Cleasby & Vigfusson (1874),
2269:"The Oldest Icelandic Folk-Lore"
1593:is described as a survivor from
1508:eventually came to be known as
1458:A similar fake "mermaid" at the
1403:
1394:
1137:
432:
407:
147:), Oannes was rather one of the
16:Legendary aquatic man-like being
6269:
5224:Ballantine Adult Fantasy series
4296:; Crowley, Christopher (2001).
3913:Yōkaiten: Kami, mononoke, inori
3164:(1891). "Mermaids and Mermen".
2788:"Behaim, Martin (c. 1459–1507)"
2715:An Icelandic-English Dictionary
2178:The Oxford Classical Dictionary
2068:"Chapter 8 The fish:puzur nūnī"
1148:needs additional citations for
960:Illustrated depictions of male
664:
293:. An early settler in Iceland (
4770:Historiae animalium Liber IIII
3875:University of California Press
3356:Icelandic Folk and Fairy Tales
2764:"#241 Andrea Bianco World Map"
2297:Easy Readings in Old Icelandic
1662:Creature from the Black Lagoon
1516:Literature and popular culture
861:Mermen, which seldom frequent
510:writes of satyrs that inhabit
289:in Old Norse, attested in the
1:
4861:10.1080/0015587X.1960.9717221
4845:"The Folklore of the Merfolk"
4825:Journal of Museum Ethnography
4807:Magnani, Arianna (May 2022).
4043:, without indication of page.
3903:"58 Onga otokoningyo kinsei"
3396:"Sæbúar, vatnaverur og dísir"
3241:. Vol. 2. Translated by
3035:Biodiversity Heritage Library
2794:, Routledge, pp. 55–56,
2776:text gives close-up of siren.
2243:"Triton his trompet shirll",
1486:
906:into early modern times, the
848:
475:(1558) gave the name of "sea-
376:
355:Other commentators treat the
323:
294:
6310:European legendary creatures
4501:Imms, Adrian (24 Mar 2016).
4331:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
4108:Nagasaki kenbunroku nukigaki
2390:The Sturlubók version gives
2172:Arafat, Karim (KWA) (2012).
1794:"Burgeoning Lads of Science"
534:
6335:Fairy tale stock characters
5242:The Encyclopedia of Fantasy
3674:. Ashgate. pp. 16–17.
3381:"Saebúar og vatna", p. 131.
2988:Holder, Charles Frederick.
2098:Hansen, William F. (2004).
1632:(2013–2016), a spin-off of
1326:, ancestral spirits called
1035:A known description of the
978:
955:merfolk#Renyu or human-fish
576:The "sea-satyr" appears in
6351:
6315:Mythological human hybrids
4647:(3-Volume Set) (TSR, 1974)
4616:. Routledge. p. 413.
4272:. Bloomsbury. p. 62.
3861:"125. Human-fish (Renyu)"
3572:J. Y. (27 December 1873).
2741:. JHU Press. p. 266.
2599:Finnur Jónsson ed. (1920)
2145:Lattimore, Steven (1976).
1726:Berrosus, as preserved by
1589:, the merman as played by
1541:is inspired by the ballad
1443:and put on display in the
1372:
1082:) gave description of the
1078:Later, a Japanese source (
1011:
648:hafgýgur, haffrú, margýgur
602:
523:
278:
174:
18:
6264:
5487:
5280:List of story collections
5121:Occult detective fiction
4914:
4734:(2002), Hafstað, Baldur;
4671:10.1017/S0261143000000581
4583:S. T. Joshi, ed. (2007).
4471:Babin, Tom (2007-01-22).
4199:Ikeda, Shirōjirō (1913).
3935:かわら版新聞: 大阪夏の陣から豪商銭屋五兵衛の最期
3899:Aomori Prefectural Museum
3760:. Batsford. p. 266.
2841:Hendrikx, Sophia (2018).
2786:Terkla, David P. (2013),
2527:10.1017/S0032247403003255
2043:, BRILL, pp. 28–29,
1926:
1910:
1888:
1827:and labeled as "Triton".
1655:The monster known as the
1626:The Australian TV series
1545:. Science fiction writer
1361:, and are rarely used as
1045:
1020:
998:
972:
936:
809:their children in the sea
390:
31:
5545:World Fantasy Convention
4567:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4213:. Hōbunkan. p. 197.
4210:
4202:
4175:
4166:
4147:
4139:
4110:
4102:
4087:
4079:
3980:
3954:
3934:
3915:
3905:58 御画 男人魚（おんが おとこにんぎょ）近世
3904:
3862:
3721:; Roud, Stephen (2000),
3439:@National Library Norway
3106:"Faerie Queene, 2.12.27"
2324:"Landnáma-bóc II. 5. 2."
2293:"46 Grím and the Merman"
2225:Brooks, Nathan Covington
1445:Barnum's American Museum
1299:(river dolphins) of the
657:. But in current times,
563:Dutch East India Company
489:Pan- vel satyrus marinus
5613:Fire-breathing monsters
4767:Gesner, Konrad (1558).
4266:Wood, Juliette (2018).
4251:Calvino, Italo (1980).
4145:Nihon densetsu kenkyū 2
4078:"Sihai zonghuo: haizu"
3172:Encyclopedia Britannica
3162:Webster, Hugh Alexander
3140:
3127:Ármann Jakobsson (2002)
2933:Suutala, Maria (1990),
2291:—— (1924).
1629:Mako: Island of Secrets
1318:In the folklore of the
586:(1590), and glossed by
21:Merman (disambiguation)
5364:Dungeons & Dragons
4780:The Scientific Monthly
4645:Dungeons & Dragons
4459:Viscardi et al. (2014)
4447:Viscardi et al. (2014)
4041:Abe & Chiba (1996)
3977:Kushida, Kimizō 櫛田公造.
3750:Briggs, Katharine Mary
3092:Viscardi et al. (2014)
2320:Powell, Frederick York
1612:Dungeons & Dragons
1559:wrote the short story
1496:) and the bishopfish (
1387:
1350:
827:
775:
756:
701:
659:
653:
647:
499:
488:
400:
189:
103:from the waist up and
37:
5430:International Fantasy
4756:"Havmænd og Havfruer"
4549:The Poetry Foundation
4545:"The Forsaken Merman"
4138:"Ningyo densetsu kō"
3810:Watts, Linda (2006).
3566:Johan Gustaf Sandberg
3392:Ólína Þorvarðardóttir
3217:: xix, archived from
2762:Siebold, Jim (2015).
2735:Watts, Linda (2006).
2513:(213): 228, 121–134.
2478:Mediaeval Scandinavia
2316:Vigfússon, Guðbrandur
1819:was later printed by
1534:The Merman's Children
1451:" style, named after
1382:
1341:
1092:. These trouser-like
856:Katharine Mary Briggs
817:
632:Jón lærði Guðmundsson
594:Scandinavian folklore
571:§Hoaxes and sideshows
398:
184:
175:Further information:
171:Greco-Roman mythology
36:
6234:Supernatural fiction
5311:Fantastic Adventures
4700:A.W. (May 1, 1954).
4350:"The Feejee mermaid"
4208:Koji jukugo daijiten
3622:Child, Francis James
3531:Bassett, Fletcher S.
2416:Mitchell, Stephen A.
1728:Alexander Polyhistor
1369:Hoaxes and sideshows
1311:("enchanted one" in
1303:regions of northern
1157:improve this article
1103:occurs in Shaozi or
561:by the likes of the
494:Gesner's sea-devil (
399:Sea-Pan or sea-satyr
19:For other uses, see
5535:Tolkien's influence
5248:Fantasy Masterworks
5201:Television programs
5009:Fairy tale parodies
4816:Sulla Via del Catai
4792:1934SciMo..38..511G
4740:"Hættulegur hlátur"
4534:, pp. 514–515.
4522:, pp. 512–515.
4391:on 8 September 2019
3719:Simpson, Jacqueline
3554:Forssell, Christian
3520:, pp. 194–195.
3508:, pp. 190–191.
3327:George E. J. Powell
3243:George E. J. Powell
3203:Halldór Hermannsson
3151:(early 14th cent.).
2969:De Natura Animalium
2656:Naumann, Hans-Peter
2519:2004PoRec..40..121L
2064:Worthington, Martin
1609:also appear in the
1549:wrote two books on
1543:Agnete og Havmanden
1537:by American writer
1285:is a furry merman.
1080:Nagasaki bunkenroku
1060:The second type of
845:Ralph of Coggeshall
835:English folklorist
800:Agnete og Havmanden
766:There is a Swedish
688:takes the mermaid (
538:, "sea monsters").
423:Historiae animalium
335:Cystophora cristata
298: 11th century
285:A merman is called
28:
5757:Damsel in distress
5525:Mythopoeic Society
5126:Paranormal romance
5041:Historical fantasy
5026:Fantasy of manners
4980:Children's fantasy
4707:The New York Times
4326:Fox-Davies, Arthur
4134:Fujisawa, Morihiko
4036:Hōzuki no Reitetsu
3518:Pontoppidan (1755)
3506:Pontoppidan (1755)
3450:Pontoppidan, Erich
3424:Pontoppidan, Erich
2998:. 1909. p. 7.
2996:David Starr Jordan
2233:. p. 79, n94.
1950:Guillaume Rondelet
1844:Halldor specifies
1739:It also occurs in
1709:(Haitian folktale)
1529:fantasy literature
1512:in Great Britain.
1388:
1351:
1129:Folklore elsewhere
966:Ningyo§Male ningyo
881:" features a male
837:Jacqueline Simpson
828:
707:Norwegian mermen (
565:by this time (cf.
471:Historia animalium
464:in his chapter on
401:
391:Gesner's sea-satyr
386:Renaissance period
322:("King's mirror",
243:Elizabethan period
223:Hellenistic period
190:
177:Triton (mythology)
97:legendary creature
38:
6292:
6291:
6166:
6165:
6091:Places and events
5553:
5552:
5383:
5382:
5104:Planetary romance
5015:Fairytale fantasy
4970:Alternate history
4958:Sword and sorcery
4949:Action-adventure
4736:Haraldur Bessason
4412:, pp. 58–59.
4294:Crowley, Vivianne
4279:978-1-4411-3060-0
4253:Italian Folktales
4237:978-1-5609-7768-1
3884:978-0-52029-851-4
3723:"mermaid, merman"
3681:978-1-472-44136-2
3323:Icelandic Legends
3269:Þá hló marbendill
3238:Icelandic Legends
3049:Jewitt, Llewellyn
2899:978-9-401-72500-2
2847:Anthropozoologica
2801:978-1-135-59094-9
2654:; Karker, Allan;
2652:Jahr, Ernst Håkon
2554:In Northern Mists
2420:Foley, John Miles
2187:978-0-199-54556-8
2111:9-781-5760-7226-4
1986:, pp. 73–74.
1714:Explanatory notes
1649:Barbie: Mermaidia
1639:O: Just Add Water
1586:Man from Atlantis
1479:Malay Archipelago
1237:Finnish mythology
1233:
1232:
1225:
1207:
893:collected tales (
863:American folklore
583:The Faerie Queene
567:Bartholin's siren
532:
363:Early cartography
201:ancient Greek art
77:
76:
6342:
6325:Medieval legends
6282:
6281:
6272:
6271:
6148:Enchanted forest
5792:Occult detective
5564:
5520:Lovecraft fandom
5485:
5189:highest-grossing
5163:
5150:Western fantasy
4901:
4894:
4887:
4878:
4872:
4836:
4819:
4813:
4803:
4774:
4763:
4747:
4732:Ármann Jakobsson
4718:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4654:
4648:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4580:
4571:
4570:
4559:
4553:
4552:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4523:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4479:. Archived from
4468:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4422:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4387:. Archived from
4374:
4368:
4367:
4342:
4336:
4335:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4263:
4257:
4256:
4248:
4242:
4241:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4196:
4187:
4186:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4120:10.11501/2536412
4098:
4092:
4091:
4070:
4061:
4055:
4044:
4031:
4025:
4024:
4005:Abe, Masamichi;
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3949:
3943:
3942:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3910:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3856:
3847:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3832:
3830:
3807:
3801:
3793:
3781:
3772:
3771:
3759:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3715:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3695:
3693:
3685:
3661:
3655:
3654:
3648:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3569:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3497:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3472:Thorpe, Benjamin
3468:
3462:
3461:
3446:
3440:
3435:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3388:
3382:
3379:Jón Árnason 1862
3376:
3370:
3369:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3331:Eiríkr Magnússon
3325:. Translated by
3311:
3302:
3301:
3293:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3273:
3260:
3251:
3250:
3247:Eiríkr Magnússon
3229:
3223:
3222:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3158:
3152:
3143:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3114:Francis J. Child
3104:Spenser (1866),
3101:
3095:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3026:
3020:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2985:
2974:
2972:
2960:
2954:
2953:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2911:
2903:
2882:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2838:
2832:
2818:
2805:
2804:
2783:
2777:
2771:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2732:
2726:
2711:
2705:
2695:
2689:
2685:
2683:
2675:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2579:Nizolius, Marius
2575:
2569:
2568:
2549:Nansen, Fridtjof
2545:
2539:
2538:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2485:
2470:Pálsson, Hermann
2466:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2447:
2439:
2412:
2403:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2361:
2341:
2332:
2331:
2312:
2301:
2300:
2288:
2261:
2250:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2202:Nizolius, Marius
2198:
2192:
2191:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2115:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2032:
2019:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1957:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1896:
1882:
1876:
1873:Thomas Keightley
1869:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1842:
1836:
1829:Llewellyn Jewitt
1817:monstrum marinum
1813:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1788:
1779:
1772:
1766:
1763:
1757:
1750:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1557:Samuel R. Delany
1552:Attar the Merman
1491:
1488:
1425:, on display at
1407:
1398:
1251:
1228:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1165:
1141:
1133:
1074:
1048:
1047:
1023:
1022:
1008:Hairen or kaijin
1003:
1001:
1000:
983:
981:
975:
974:
939:
938:
904:Cornish folklore
887:Thomas Keightley
853:
850:
831:English folklore
785:
736:§Medieval period
686:
662:
656:
650:
588:Francis J. Child
551:monstrum marinum
537:
527:
525:
453:
436:
426:
411:
381:
380: 1490–1493
378:
369:Bianco world map
328:
325:
319:Konungs skuggsjá
299:
296:
207:and sea-goddess
153:servants to Ea.
86:
41:A Crowned Merman
29:
6350:
6349:
6345:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6295:
6294:
6293:
6288:
6260:
6229:Science fiction
6162:
6085:
5975:
5882:Magical weapons
5813:
5777:Fairy godmother
5733:
5677:Talking animals
5549:
5474:
5400:British Fantasy
5379:
5351:
5332:Science Fantasy
5289:
5205:
5154:
5093:Science fantasy
4938:
4910:
4908:Fantasy fiction
4905:
4875:
4839:
4822:
4811:
4806:
4777:
4766:
4750:
4730:
4721:
4712:
4710:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4656:
4655:
4651:
4635:
4631:
4624:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4597:
4582:
4581:
4574:
4561:
4560:
4556:
4543:
4542:
4538:
4530:
4526:
4518:
4514:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4486:
4484:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4457:
4453:
4445:
4441:
4424:
4423:
4416:
4410:Bondeson (1999)
4408:
4404:
4394:
4392:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4364:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4324:
4323:
4319:
4312:
4304:. p. 195.
4292:
4291:
4287:
4280:
4265:
4264:
4260:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4223:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4190:
4177:
4168:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4141:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4112:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4081:
4072:
4071:
4064:
4056:
4047:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3971:
3956:
3951:
3950:
3946:
3936:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3908:
3906:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3885:
3877:. p. 129.
3864:
3858:
3857:
3850:
3845:
3841:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3783:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3748:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3717:
3716:
3709:
3696:
3686:
3682:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3571:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3516:
3512:
3504:
3500:
3491:
3487:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3410:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3377:
3373:
3366:
3352:"Of Marbendill"
3346:
3345:
3338:
3313:
3312:
3305:
3299:
3284:
3274:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3188:Eddic Mythlogyo
3184:
3183:
3179:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3145:is attested in
3137:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3110:British Poets 2
3103:
3102:
3098:
3090:
3083:
3075:
3068:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3007:
3003:
2987:
2986:
2977:
2966:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2914:
2904:
2900:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2853:(11): 132–135.
2840:
2839:
2835:
2819:
2808:
2802:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2712:
2708:
2686:
2676:
2672:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2628:, eds. (1845).
2622:Magnussen, Finn
2620:
2619:
2612:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2502:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2450:
2440:
2436:
2414:
2413:
2406:
2389:
2385:
2372:
2362:
2358:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2322:, eds. (1905).
2314:
2313:
2304:
2290:
2279:(2): 228, 232.
2263:
2262:
2253:
2242:
2238:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2188:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2126:
2116:
2112:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2034:
2033:
2022:
2014:
2010:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1982:
1975:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1921:The text reads
1920:
1916:
1905:
1901:
1883:
1879:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1852:
1843:
1839:
1825:Physica-Curiosa
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1792:Benito Cereno.
1791:
1789:
1782:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1738:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1671:
1638:
1525:science fiction
1518:
1506:sharks and rays
1489:
1460:Horniman Museum
1433:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1377:
1371:
1336:
1245:
1229:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1166:
1164:
1154:
1142:
1131:
1107:'s work called
1068:
1066:Mermaid of Edam
1016:
1010:
995:
986:Hirosaki Domain
969:
932:
930:China and Japan
871:
869:Celtic folklore
851:
833:
779:
749:
728:
680:
673:
607:
601:
596:
459:
458:
457:
456:
455:
454:
449:Physica Curiosa
441:
437:
429:
428:
427:
421:―Gesner (1558)
420:
416:monstum marinum
412:
393:
388:
379:
365:
326:
306:
297:
283:
277:
272:
270:Medieval period
235:Marius Nizolius
231:Neptuni tubicen
197:Greek mythology
179:
173:
113:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6348:
6346:
6338:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6312:
6307:
6297:
6296:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6286:
6276:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6252:
6251:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6209:Horror fiction
6206:
6204:Gothic fiction
6201:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6174:
6172:
6168:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6153:Thieves' guild
6150:
6145:
6140:
6139:
6138:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6101:
6095:
6093:
6087:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6056:
6046:
6041:
6036:
6031:
6026:
6021:
6016:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5985:
5983:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5903:
5902:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5879:
5874:
5864:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5834:
5823:
5821:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5800:
5799:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5743:
5741:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5663:
5662:
5657:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5578:
5572:
5570:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5530:Tolkien fandom
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5359:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5350:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5299:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5258:List of novels
5255:
5250:
5245:
5238:
5237:
5236:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5160:
5156:
5155:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5140:
5130:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5006:
5005:
5004:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4881:
4874:
4873:
4837:
4820:
4804:
4786:(6): 511–523.
4775:
4764:
4748:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4719:
4692:
4665:(2): 153–185.
4649:
4629:
4622:
4602:
4596:978-0313337826
4595:
4572:
4554:
4536:
4524:
4512:
4493:
4477:Calgary Herald
4463:
4461:, p. 103.
4451:
4439:
4414:
4402:
4384:Calgary Herald
4369:
4362:
4337:
4317:
4310:
4298:Ancient Wisdom
4285:
4278:
4258:
4243:
4236:
4227:Beasts! Book 1
4216:
4188:
4153:
4125:
4093:
4062:
4058:Magnani (2022)
4045:
4026:
4019:
3997:
3969:
3955:あはひのくに あやかしのくに
3944:
3921:
3890:
3883:
3848:
3839:
3822:
3802:
3773:
3766:
3741:
3735:
3707:
3680:
3656:
3624:, ed. (1884).
3613:
3606:(in Swedish).
3596:Gödecke, P. A.
3587:
3564:(in Swedish).
3544:
3522:
3510:
3498:
3485:
3463:
3441:
3415:
3408:
3383:
3371:
3364:
3336:
3303:
3300:(in Icelandic)
3252:
3224:
3194:
3177:
3153:
3131:
3119:
3096:
3094:, p. 101.
3081:
3079:, p. 512.
3066:
3040:
3021:
3001:
2975:
2955:
2945:
2925:
2898:
2874:
2833:
2806:
2800:
2778:
2754:
2747:
2727:
2706:
2670:
2648:Gundersen, Dag
2639:
2610:
2592:
2570:
2563:
2540:
2487:
2461:
2434:
2404:
2383:
2356:
2333:
2302:
2265:Craigie, W. A.
2251:
2236:
2227:, ed. (1860).
2215:
2193:
2186:
2164:
2157:
2137:
2110:
2090:
2080:
2055:
2049:
2020:
2008:
1988:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1941:
1932:
1914:
1899:
1877:
1864:
1850:
1837:
1808:
1799:
1780:
1767:
1758:
1745:
1732:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1670:
1667:
1659:from the film
1636:
1619:'s 1989 song "
1521:Matthew Arnold
1517:
1514:
1510:Jenny Hanivers
1468:Banff, Alberta
1412:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1385:Banff, Alberta
1370:
1367:
1335:
1332:
1231:
1230:
1145:
1143:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1012:Main article:
1009:
1006:
931:
928:
896:Deutsche Sagen
879:The Soul Cages
870:
867:
832:
829:
793:Rosmer Havmand
748:
745:
727:
724:
672:
669:
603:Main article:
600:
597:
595:
592:
578:Edmund Spenser
440:
438:
431:
430:
419:
413:
406:
405:
404:
403:
402:
392:
389:
387:
384:
364:
361:
305:
302:
279:Main article:
276:
273:
271:
268:
247:Edmund Spenser
185:Triton with a
172:
169:
112:
109:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
45:Arthur Rackham
39:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6347:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6330:Therianthropy
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6285:
6277:
6275:
6267:
6266:
6263:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6246:
6245:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6198:Ghost stories
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6169:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6137:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6088:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6040:
6037:
6035:
6032:
6030:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5981:Fantasy races
5978:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5954:Shapeshifting
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5827:Hard and soft
5825:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5816:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5736:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5684:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5651:
5650:Shapeshifters
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5556:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5477:
5471:
5470:World Fantasy
5468:
5466:
5465:Tähtifantasia
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5435:Japan Fantasy
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5365:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5354:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5306:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5202:
5199:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5161:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5133:Weird fiction
5131:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5117:
5116:Urban fantasy
5114:
5112:
5109:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5007:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4902:
4897:
4895:
4890:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4879:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4843:(June 1960).
4842:
4841:Waugh, Arthur
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4821:
4818:(26): 87–105.
4817:
4810:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4752:Faye, Andreas
4749:
4745:
4741:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4722:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4696:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4659:Popular Music
4653:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4625:
4623:9781317044260
4619:
4615:
4614:
4606:
4603:
4598:
4592:
4588:
4587:
4579:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4555:
4551:. March 2022.
4550:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4533:
4532:Gudger (1934)
4528:
4525:
4521:
4520:Gudger (1934)
4516:
4513:
4508:
4504:
4497:
4494:
4483:on 2007-10-13
4482:
4478:
4474:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4455:
4452:
4449:, p. 98.
4448:
4443:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4428:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4406:
4403:
4390:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4373:
4370:
4365:
4363:0-801-43609-5
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4346:Bondeson, Jan
4341:
4338:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4321:
4318:
4313:
4311:9781858689876
4307:
4303:
4302:Carlton Books
4299:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4281:
4275:
4271:
4270:
4262:
4259:
4254:
4247:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4220:
4217:
4209:
4205:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4174:
4173:
4164:
4157:
4154:
4146:
4142:
4136:(1922–1925).
4135:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4111:長崎見聞録抜書（ぬきがき）
4109:
4097:
4094:
4090:, vol. 5
4086:
4085:Zhifang waiji
4082:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4060:, p. 97.
4059:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4030:
4027:
4022:
4016:
4012:
4008:
4001:
3998:
3987:
3983:
3973:
3970:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3948:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3925:
3922:
3916:妖怪展：神・もののけ・祈り
3914:
3907:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3886:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3869:
3865:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3825:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3806:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3787:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3769:
3767:0-801-88589-2
3763:
3758:
3757:
3751:
3745:
3742:
3738:
3736:0-192-10019-X
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3691:
3683:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3660:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3578:The Antiquary
3575:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3558:"Helsingland"
3555:
3548:
3545:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3411:
3409:9789979921004
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3365:9789979510444
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3297:
3291:
3279:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3221:on 2017-08-13
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3120:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3077:Gudger (1934)
3073:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3032:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:; (1604 ed.)
3014:
3010:
3009:Gesner (1558)
3005:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2946:9789518915341
2942:
2938:
2937:
2929:
2926:
2921:
2909:
2901:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:; (1604 ed.)
2826:
2822:
2821:Gesner (1558)
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2768:myoldmaps.com
2765:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2748:0-801-88589-2
2744:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2681:
2673:
2671:9783110197051
2667:
2663:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2571:
2566:
2564:9781108071697
2560:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2445:
2437:
2435:9780893571733
2431:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2387:
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2367:
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2357:9780955333507
2353:
2349:
2348:
2340:
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2334:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2267:(June 1893).
2266:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2246:Faerie Queene
2240:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2222:For example,
2219:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2158:9780917956027
2154:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2121:
2113:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2081:9780429754500
2077:
2074:. Routledge.
2073:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2050:9789004495463
2046:
2042:
2038:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1997:Spence, Lewis
1992:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1878:
1875:'s invention.
1874:
1868:
1865:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1821:Kaspar Schott
1818:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1795:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1741:Gesner (1558)
1736:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1713:
1708:
1707:Tezin Nan Dlo
1705:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
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1658:
1653:
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1645:
1641:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1591:Patrick Duffy
1588:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1568:
1567:J. K. Rowling
1564:
1563:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1539:Poul Anderson
1536:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1474:in Brighton.
1473:
1469:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1428:
1424:
1423:Jenny Haniver
1420:
1416:
1406:
1397:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1277:and northern
1276:
1272:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1227:
1224:
1216:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1174: –
1173:
1169:
1168:Find sources:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1146:This section
1144:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1042:
1041:Zhifang waiji
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1015:
1007:
1005:
993:
992:
987:
980:
967:
963:
958:
956:
951:
949:
948:
943:
929:
927:
925:
921:
917:
916:water spirits
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
897:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
868:
866:
864:
859:
857:
846:
842:
838:
830:
826:
822:
821:
816:
812:
810:
805:
802:" is another
801:
796:
794:
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786:
783:
778:
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769:
764:
762:
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744:
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733:
725:
723:
721:
717:
712:
710:
705:
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668:
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655:
649:
644:
640:
637:
633:
629:
627:
626:
621:
620:
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611:
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593:
591:
589:
585:
584:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
536:
530:
521:
520:Ancient Greek
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
472:
467:
463:
462:Konrad Gesner
451:
450:
445:
435:
424:
417:
414:Sea-monster (
410:
397:
385:
383:
374:
370:
362:
360:
358:
353:
351:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
321:
320:
315:
311:
303:
301:
292:
288:
282:
274:
269:
267:
265:
264:
263:Metamorphoses
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:in the later
220:
215:
212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
188:
183:
178:
170:
168:
165:
161:
160:
154:
152:
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134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
110:
108:
106:
102:
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94:
90:
82:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
35:
30:
22:
6256:Urban legend
6158:Magic school
6131:Astral plane
6126:Hollow Earth
6058:
5819:Magic system
5772:Dragonslayer
5667:Skin-walkers
5515:The Inklings
5508:Harry Potter
5507:
5362:
5344:
5337:
5330:
5323:
5316:
5309:
5302:
5240:
5061:Magical girl
5036:High fantasy
5031:Hard fantasy
4997:Dark fantasy
4975:Contemporary
4855:(2): 73–84.
4852:
4848:
4824:
4815:
4783:
4779:
4769:
4759:
4743:
4724:Bibliography
4711:. Retrieved
4705:
4695:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4644:
4641:Dave Arneson
4632:
4612:
4605:
4585:
4566:
4557:
4548:
4539:
4527:
4515:
4506:
4496:
4485:. Retrieved
4481:the original
4466:
4454:
4442:
4432:The Guardian
4430:
4405:
4393:. Retrieved
4389:the original
4382:
4372:
4353:
4340:
4330:
4320:
4297:
4288:
4268:
4261:
4252:
4246:
4226:
4219:
4207:
4183:
4178:– via
4170:
4156:
4144:
4128:
4107:
4096:
4084:
4074:Ai Rulüe 艾儒略
4034:
4029:
4010:
4007:Chiba, Mikio
4000:
3989:. Retrieved
3985:
3972:
3963:
3959:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3924:
3912:
3893:
3871:
3867:
3842:
3834:
3827:. Retrieved
3812:
3805:
3789:
3785:
3755:
3744:
3726:
3670:
3666:Stewart, Jon
3659:
3634:. Retrieved
3629:
3616:
3607:
3603:
3590:
3581:
3577:
3561:
3547:
3538:
3525:
3513:
3501:
3488:
3479:
3466:
3457:
3444:
3437:digital copy
3431:
3418:
3399:
3386:
3374:
3355:
3322:
3319:"The Merman"
3268:
3237:
3227:
3219:the original
3214:
3210:
3197:
3187:
3180:
3171:
3166:
3156:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3122:
3109:
3099:
3060:
3056:
3043:
3034:
3024:
3004:
2990:
2968:
2958:
2950:
2935:
2928:
2889:Perspectives
2887:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2791:
2781:
2767:
2757:
2737:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2660:
2642:
2633:
2600:
2595:
2586:
2573:
2553:
2543:
2510:
2507:Polar Record
2506:
2481:
2477:
2464:
2424:
2399:
2394:, while the
2391:
2386:
2346:
2327:
2296:
2276:
2272:
2244:
2239:
2229:
2218:
2209:
2196:
2177:
2167:
2147:
2140:
2104:. ABC-CLIO.
2100:
2093:
2085:
2071:
2058:
2040:
2016:Waugh (1960)
2011:
2001:
1991:
1984:Waugh (1960)
1944:
1935:
1922:
1917:
1902:
1880:
1867:
1858:
1853:
1845:
1840:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1802:
1770:
1761:
1748:
1735:
1722:
1660:
1654:
1647:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1610:
1584:
1581:
1572:Harry Potter
1570:
1560:
1550:
1547:Joe Haldeman
1532:
1519:
1502:
1490: 1550s
1483:E. W. Gudger
1476:
1472:Booth Museum
1465:
1457:
1453:Edvard Munch
1437:Fiji mermaid
1434:
1429:Museum, Iran
1352:
1317:
1308:
1301:Amazon River
1294:
1287:
1273:folklore of
1268:
1253:
1252:, a type of
1241:
1234:
1219:
1210:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1179:
1167:
1155:Please help
1150:verification
1147:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1051:Giulio Aleni
1040:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1028:, Japanese:
1025:
1017:
989:
979:otoko ningyo
961:
959:
952:
945:
944:, Japanese:
941:
933:
901:
894:
872:
860:
834:
819:
804:Scandinavian
797:
792:
788:
787:) entitled "
765:
750:
739:
731:
729:
719:
715:
713:
708:
706:
693:
689:
676:
674:
643:Jón Árnasson
641:
635:
630:
623:
617:
613:
608:
581:
575:
550:
540:
493:
469:
460:
447:
422:
415:
373:Behaim globe
366:
356:
354:
349:
345:
343:
334:
317:
313:
309:
307:
290:
286:
284:
261:
251:
238:
230:
216:
213:
191:
157:
155:
148:
114:
88:
80:
78:
64:Water spirit
60:Sub grouping
55:Mythological
40:
6183:Epic poetry
6044:Leprechauns
5959:Thaumaturgy
5934:Incantation
5887:Magic sword
5445:Méliès d'Or
5346:Weird Tales
5099:Dying Earth
5078:Mythopoeia
5056:Low fantasy
5021:Fantastique
4760:Norske Sagn
4637:Gygax, Gary
3981:“し”は新聞・新志のシ
3792:(4): 27–28.
3698:|work=
3494:Faye (1833)
3348:Jón Árnason
3315:Jón Árnason
3286:|work=
3264:Jón Árnason
3233:Jón Árnason
2916:|work=
2723:haf-strambr
2688:|work=
2626:Rafn, C. C.
2452:|work=
2374:|work=
2128:|work=
1644:Chai Hansen
1441:P.T. Barnum
1334:In heraldry
1246: [
1069: [
1024:, Chinese:
940:, Chinese:
852: 1210
780: [
761:Hälsingland
730:An alleged
726:Prophesying
681: [
331:hooded seal
327: 1250
219:conch shell
6299:Categories
6244:Tokusatsu
6193:Fairy tale
6136:Dreamworld
6034:Hobgoblins
5969:Witchcraft
5939:Necromancy
5919:Divination
5914:Demonology
5877:Magic ring
5867:Magic item
5850:Ceremonial
5739:Characters
5660:Werewolves
5598:Elementals
5502:Filk music
5450:Mythopoeic
5285:Publishers
5211:Literature
5171:television
5143:Weird West
5083:Omegaverse
4953:Lost world
4924:Literature
4713:2009-05-19
4487:2007-08-08
4180:Wikisource
4020:4048511149
3991:2023-03-28
3823:1438129793
3636:2022-10-20
3610:: 325–326.
3584:(95): 315.
3148:Hálfs saga
3011:, p.
2868:1887/67726
2823:, p.
2392:marmennill
1964:References
1846:Tíðfordríf
1756:), Norway.
1754:Hallingdal
1562:Driftglass
1498:sea bishop
1449:The Scream
1373:See also:
1359:supporters
1313:Portuguese
1290:Cola Pesce
1283:Auvekoejak
1183:newspapers
1125:of Japan.
877:story of "
873:The Irish
825:John Bauer
823:(1911) by
820:The merman
789:Hafsmannen
747:Abductions
740:marbendill
732:marmennill
714:While the
665:hafstrambr
636:marbendill
625:marmennill
619:marbendill
614:marbendlar
605:marmennill
599:Marbendill
500:Meerteufel
479:" or "sea-
357:hafstrambr
350:marmennill
346:hafstrambr
310:hafstrambr
304:Hafstrambr
291:Ladnámabók
287:marmennill
281:Marmennill
275:Marmennill
209:Amphitrite
121:Babylonian
6239:Superhero
6224:Mythology
6121:Lost city
6029:Halflings
5949:Shamanism
5944:Runecraft
5929:Evocation
5787:Magicians
5762:Dark lord
5747:Barbarian
5707:Skeletons
5630:Gargoyles
5608:Familiars
5568:Creatures
5304:Fantastic
5295:Magazines
5138:New weird
4943:Subgenres
4507:The Argus
4395:23 August
4201:"Kaijin"
4167:卷之一下「观物篇」
4076:(1843) ,
3700:ignored (
3690:cite book
3645:cite book
3533:(1892) .
3426:(1753a).
3296:baekur.is
3288:ignored (
3278:cite book
3211:Islandica
3141:marbendil
2918:ignored (
2908:cite book
2696:, citing
2690:ignored (
2680:cite book
2454:ignored (
2444:cite book
2400:margmelli
2376:ignored (
2366:cite book
2249:, 3.11.12
2204:(1551) ,
2130:ignored (
2120:cite book
1999:(1920) .
1969:Citations
1954:Amsterdam
1694:Cantabria
1599:DC Comics
1597:. In the
1309:encantado
1275:Greenland
1262:and brew
1242:vetehinen
1213:June 2020
1105:Shao Yong
991:kawaraban
918:occur in
720:marmenill
698:Norwegian
654:meyfiskur
610:Icelandic
529:romanized
512:Taprobana
239:Thesaurus
133:Sumerians
111:Antiquity
99:which is
73:Worldwide
6320:Mermaids
6284:Category
6178:Allegory
6054:Mermaids
6024:Gremlins
5989:Centaurs
5924:Egregore
5905:Schools
5872:Grimoire
5832:Elements
5804:Wild man
5724:Unicorns
5712:Vampires
5655:Werecats
5497:Fanspeak
5405:Crawford
5375:Podcasts
5088:Romantic
5071:Mythpunk
5002:Grimdark
4990:Bangsian
4849:Folklore
4833:43915865
4754:(1833).
4738:(eds.),
4687:54547848
4348:(1999).
4328:(1909).
4203:海人（カイジン）
4080:四海総説: 海族
4013:. 角川書店.
4011:にっぽん妖怪地図
4009:(1996).
3901:(2009),
3799:20558106
3752:(1978).
3668:(eds.).
3598:(1871).
3556:(1827).
3474:(1851).
3452:(1755).
3394:(1987).
3350:(1987).
3317:(1864).
3266:(1862).
3235:(1866).
3205:(1924),
3051:(1880),
2721:", viz.
2717:, s.v. "
2583:"Triton"
2581:(1916),
2551:(2014).
2535:55448486
2484:: 25–26.
2472:(1988).
2418:(1987).
2396:Hauksbók
2273:Folklore
2206:"Triton"
2174:"Triton"
2066:(2019).
1833:Rondelet
1690:Fish-man
1685:Vodyanoy
1669:See also
1657:Gill-man
1595:Atlantis
1577:Hogwarts
1494:sea monk
1413:A dried
1355:heraldry
1172:"Merman"
875:fakelore
716:marmæler
694:marmæler
580:'s poem
205:Poseidon
164:Berossus
127:(called
123:sea-god
117:Assyrian
52:Grouping
6274:Outline
6171:Related
6049:Merfolk
6039:Kobolds
6019:Goblins
6004:Treants
5994:Dwarves
5964:Theurgy
5909:Alchemy
5841:neutral
5809:Witches
5752:Caveman
5717:Zombies
5702:Mummies
5672:Spirits
5623:Dragons
5618:Chimera
5603:Faeries
5420:Gemmell
5415:Gandalf
5370:Féeries
5339:Unknown
5219:Authors
5194:S&S
4934:Sources
4919:History
4869:1258382
4788:Bibcode
4211:故事熟語大辭典
4172:Caomuzi
4148:日本伝説研究二
3829:25 July
2829:p. 1001
2515:Bibcode
2422:(ed.).
2285:1253453
1907:Chinese
1885:Chinese
1859:havmand
1696:, Spain
1621:Cherish
1617:Madonna
1607:merfolk
1603:Aquaman
1583:series
1427:Mashhad
1363:charges
1348:Finland
1269:In the
1264:potions
1197:scholar
1118:umibōzu
1109:Caomuzi
999:阿蘭陀渡り人魚
924:Nechtan
891:Grimms'
841:England
772:Swedish
757:hafsman
753:Swedish
709:havmænd
702:marmæle
696:(sing.
690:havfrue
678:havmand
671:Havmand
616:(sing.
543:mummies
531::
504:centaur
452:(1697).
439:Triton
316:in the
314:margýgr
254:Glaucus
227:Neptune
159:apkallu
150:apkallu
131:by the
95:, is a
93:mermaid
70:Country
6305:Mermen
6143:Castle
6104:Worlds
6099:Quests
6081:Trolls
6059:Mermen
6014:Gnomes
6009:Giants
5782:Heroes
5697:Liches
5692:Ghosts
5682:Undead
5645:Nymphs
5591:Ghouls
5586:Devils
5581:Demons
5576:Angels
5559:Tropes
5510:fandom
5480:Fandom
5460:Saturn
5455:Nebula
5410:Dragon
5395:Balrog
5388:Awards
5229:Comics
5111:Shenmo
5066:Mythic
5051:LitRPG
5046:Isekai
4985:Comedy
4963:Wuxia
4867:
4831:
4798:
4685:
4679:853454
4677:
4639:, and
4620:
4593:
4360:
4308:
4276:
4234:
4017:
3960:Najona
3881:
3820:
3797:
3764:
3733:
3678:
3406:
3362:
3063:: 9–16
3017:p. 441
2963:Aelian
2943:
2896:
2798:
2745:
2668:
2606:p. 115
2561:
2533:
2432:
2398:gives
2354:
2283:
2184:
2155:
2108:
2078:
2047:
1909::
1887::
1305:Brazil
1281:, the
1279:Canada
1260:curses
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1170:
1101:hairen
1094:hakama
1089:hakama
1084:kaijin
1062:hairen
1055:hairen
1037:hairen
1030:kaijin
1026:hairen
1014:hairen
962:ningyo
947:ningyo
920:Breton
912:conger
883:merrow
768:ballad
660:hafmey
559:Europe
508:Aelian
496:German
466:Triton
444:Schott
339:mirage
233:)" in
193:Triton
141:Oannes
137:Greeks
89:mermen
81:merman
27:Merman
6249:Kaiju
6219:Mecha
6188:Fable
6066:Ogres
5999:Elves
5894:Runes
5845:light
5767:Donor
5729:Yōkai
5687:Death
5440:Locus
5356:Other
5318:Locus
5184:Films
5179:Anime
5159:Media
4929:Magic
4865:JSTOR
4829:JSTOR
4812:(PDF)
4800:15490
4796:JSTOR
4683:S2CID
4675:JSTOR
4161:] . "
4140:人魚傳説考
4103:海人・海女
3909:(PDF)
3795:JSTOR
2973:16.18
2531:S2CID
2503:(PDF)
2281:JSTOR
1923:paofu
1439:" by
1421:, or
1419:skate
1328:Nommo
1320:Dogon
1271:Inuit
1250:]
1204:JSTOR
1190:books
1123:yōkai
1073:]
942:renyu
908:Bucca
784:]
685:]
651:, or
555:China
485:Latin
481:satyr
245:poet
187:nymph
145:Dagon
101:human
43:, by
6116:Maps
6109:list
6076:Orcs
5899:Wand
5860:Moon
5855:Love
5837:Dark
5797:list
5640:Jinn
5635:Imps
5425:Hugo
5234:list
5169:and
5167:Film
4618:ISBN
4591:ISBN
4397:2019
4358:ISBN
4306:ISBN
4274:ISBN
4232:ISBN
4088:職方外紀
4015:ISBN
3879:ISBN
3831:2015
3818:ISBN
3762:ISBN
3731:ISBN
3702:help
3676:ISBN
3651:link
3404:ISBN
3360:ISBN
3290:help
2941:ISBN
2920:help
2894:ISBN
2825:1197
2796:ISBN
2743:ISBN
2698:KLNM
2692:help
2666:ISBN
2559:ISBN
2456:help
2430:ISBN
2378:help
2352:ISBN
2182:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2132:help
2106:ISBN
2076:ISBN
2045:ISBN
1527:and
1344:Vörå
1324:Mali
1297:boto
1295:The
1255:neck
1239:, a
1176:news
1046:職方外紀
777:visa
547:Rome
535:kḗtē
524:κήτη
516:cete
308:The
258:Ovid
156:The
129:Enki
105:fish
6071:Oni
5492:Art
5273:S–Z
5268:I–R
5263:A–H
4857:doi
4667:doi
4176:草木子
4116:doi
3013:522
2863:hdl
2855:doi
2774:pdf
2719:haf
2523:doi
1823:in
1692:of
1623:".
1569:'s
1417:or
1415:ray
1322:of
1235:In
1159:by
1113:草木子
973:男人魚
957:).
902:In
704:).
667:).
573:).
483:" (
477:Pan
468:in
446:'s
382:).
237:'s
195:of
139:as
85:pl.
6301::
5095:
4863:.
4853:71
4851:.
4847:.
4814:.
4794:.
4784:38
4782:.
4758:.
4742:,
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