31:
243:. The taxonomy of this group is incomplete. Some authorities separate the group as a subfamily, while others remove some genera. Most species within the group spend their winters near coastal waters. Many species have developed specialized salt glands to allow them to tolerate salt water, but these are poorly developed in juveniles. Some of the species prefer riverine habitats. All but two of the 22 species in this group live in far northern latitudes.
56:
254:, have serrated edges to their bills to help them grip their prey and are often known as "sawbills". Other sea ducks forage by diving underwater, taking molluscs or crustaceans from the sea floor. The Mergini take on the
497:, the goldeneyes. These are less marine than some species in this group, and will winter on fresh water. Drakes have white bodies with black backs and distinctive head markings. Females are grey with chestnut heads.
588:, the typical mergansers. These are the least marine of this group, only red-breasted and common mergansers being common on the sea. These are large saw-billed ducks which dive for fish.
369:, the eiders. These are large marine ducks. The drakes have body plumage showing varying amounts of black and white, and distinctive head patterns. Females are brown.
142:
410:, the scoters. These are stocky marine ducks. The drakes are mostly black and have swollen bills. Females are brown.
55:
649:
Below is a phylogeny based on a mitogenomic study of the placement of the
Labrador duck and the diving "goose"
30:
1410:
1173:
591:
1442:
1255:
636:
602:
1091:
510:
469:
1238:
968:
626:
455:
50:
751:
351:
1447:
1381:
1470:
1373:
1214:
1190:
1074:
811:
689:
612:
570:
500:
493:
372:
282:
195:
427:
1356:
Janet C. Buckner; Ryan
Ellingson; David A. Gold; Terry L. Jones; David K. Jacobs (2018).
1358:"Mitogenomics supports an unexpected taxonomic relationship for the extinct diving duck
713:
320:
306:
177:
38:
1464:
944:
769:
445:
413:
327:
835:
423:
382:
300:
164:
107:
1433:
1357:
1377:
985:
479:
258:
during the late summer and molt into their breeding plumage during the winter.
1050:
852:
559:
520:
435:
392:
345:
207:
170:
651:
616:
534:
406:
365:
201:
189:
183:
67:
1385:
1427:
286:
276:
240:
158:
127:
117:
87:
335:
255:
584:
247:
213:
77:
1404:
267:
1149:
545:
251:
236:
232:
97:
1408:
1398:
1417:
246:The fish-eating members of this group, such as the
1362:and definitively places the extinct Labrador Duck"
1399:SeaDucks.org - Science and Management Reference
8:
1405:
29:
20:
462:) (sometimes considered a subspecies of
1348:
1366:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
266:There are twenty-two species in ten
1230:
1206:
1165:
1141:
1134:
1066:
1042:
1035:
1028:
960:
936:
929:
922:
827:
803:
743:
736:
729:
705:
681:
674:
667:
659:
14:
54:
1:
1378:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.008
1487:
770:Camptorhynchus labradorius
434:) (sometimes considered a
332:Camptorhynchus labradorius
1252:
1235:
1228:
1211:
1204:
1187:
1170:
1163:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1088:
1071:
1064:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
982:
965:
958:
941:
934:
927:
920:
849:
832:
825:
808:
801:
765:
748:
741:
734:
727:
714:Histrionicus histrionicus
710:
703:
686:
679:
672:
665:
311:Histrionicus histrionicus
155:
150:
51:Scientific classification
49:
43:Histrionicus histrionicus
37:
28:
23:
986:Melanitta perspicillata
563:(sometimes included in
538:(sometimes included in
484:Melanitta perspicillata
592:Red-breasted merganser
1443:Paleobiology Database
1191:Lophodytes cucullatus
853:Somateria spectabilis
637:Scaly-sided merganser
603:New Zealand merganser
575:Lophodytes cucullatus
397:Somateria spectabilis
231:) are a tribe of the
836:Somateria mollissima
474:Melanitta stejnegeri
387:Somateria mollissima
1239:Mergus octosetaceus
1092:Bucephala islandica
752:Polysticta stelleri
631:Mergus octosetaceus
627:Brazilian merganser
515:Bucephala islandica
456:White-winged scoter
432:Melanitta americana
356:Polysticta stelleri
1150:Mergellus albellus
1075:Bucephala clangula
969:Melanitta deglandi
812:Somateria fischeri
550:Mergellus albellus
511:Barrow's goldeneye
505:Bucephala clangula
470:Stejneger's scoter
460:Melanitta deglandi
377:Somateria fischeri
1458:
1457:
1411:Taxon identifiers
1339:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1121:
1120:
1112:
1111:
1103:
1102:
1051:Bucephala albeola
1015:
1014:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
909:
908:
900:
899:
891:
890:
882:
881:
873:
872:
864:
863:
790:
789:
781:
780:
690:Clangula hyemalis
525:Bucephala albeola
291:Clangula hyemalis
221:
220:
146:
1478:
1451:
1450:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1406:
1390:
1389:
1353:
1256:Mergus squamatus
1231:
1215:Mergus merganser
1207:
1166:
1142:
1135:
1067:
1043:
1036:
1029:
961:
937:
930:
923:
828:
804:
744:
737:
730:
706:
682:
675:
668:
660:
641:Mergus squamatus
621:Mergus merganser
613:Common merganser
607:Mergus australis
571:Hooded merganser
501:Common goldeneye
373:Spectacled eider
283:Long-tailed duck
141:
59:
58:
33:
21:
1486:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1446:
1441:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1413:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1174:Mergus serrator
1122:
1113:
1104:
1016:
1007:
998:
945:Melanitta nigra
910:
901:
892:
883:
874:
865:
791:
782:
596:Mergus serrator
450:Melanitta fusca
428:American scoter
418:Melanitta nigra
352:Steller's eider
264:
256:eclipse plumage
211:
205:
199:
193:
187:
181:
174:
168:
162:
140:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1484:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1439:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1360:Chendytes lawi
1347:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1169:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1004:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
994:
991:
990:
981:
978:
977:
974:
973:
964:
959:
957:
954:
953:
950:
949:
940:
935:
933:
928:
926:
921:
919:
916:
915:
912:
911:
907:
906:
903:
902:
898:
897:
894:
893:
889:
888:
885:
884:
880:
879:
876:
875:
871:
870:
867:
866:
862:
861:
858:
857:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
831:
826:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
807:
802:
800:
797:
796:
793:
792:
788:
787:
784:
783:
779:
778:
775:
774:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
747:
742:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
709:
704:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
685:
680:
678:
673:
671:
666:
664:
658:
647:
646:
645:
644:
634:
624:
610:
599:
580:
579:
578:
555:
554:
553:
530:
529:
528:
518:
508:
489:
488:
487:
477:
467:
453:
443:
421:
402:
401:
400:
390:
380:
361:
360:
359:
341:
340:
339:
321:Camptorhynchus
316:
315:
314:
307:Harlequin duck
296:
295:
294:
263:
260:
219:
218:
178:Camptorhynchus
153:
152:
148:
147:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
39:Harlequin duck
35:
34:
26:
25:
16:Tribe of birds
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1483:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1290:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1001:
993:
992:
989:
988:
987:
980:
979:
976:
975:
972:
971:
970:
963:
962:
956:
955:
952:
951:
948:
947:
946:
939:
938:
932:
931:
925:
924:
918:
917:
914:
913:
905:
904:
896:
895:
887:
886:
878:
877:
869:
868:
860:
859:
856:
855:
854:
847:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
837:
830:
829:
823:
822:
819:
818:
815:
814:
813:
806:
805:
799:
798:
795:
794:
786:
785:
777:
776:
773:
772:
771:
763:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
753:
746:
745:
739:
738:
732:
731:
725:
724:
721:
720:
717:
716:
715:
708:
707:
701:
700:
697:
696:
693:
692:
691:
684:
683:
677:
676:
670:
669:
662:
661:
657:
655:
653:
642:
638:
635:
632:
628:
625:
622:
618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
600:
597:
593:
590:
589:
587:
586:
581:
576:
572:
569:
568:
566:
562:
561:
556:
551:
547:
544:
543:
541:
537:
536:
531:
526:
522:
519:
516:
512:
509:
506:
502:
499:
498:
496:
495:
490:
485:
481:
478:
475:
471:
468:
465:
461:
457:
454:
451:
447:
446:Velvet scoter
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
419:
415:
414:Common scoter
412:
411:
409:
408:
403:
398:
394:
391:
388:
384:
381:
378:
374:
371:
370:
368:
367:
362:
357:
353:
350:
349:
348:
347:
342:
337:
333:
329:
328:Labrador duck
325:
324:
323:
322:
317:
312:
308:
305:
304:
303:
302:
297:
292:
288:
284:
281:
280:
279:
278:
273:
272:
271:
269:
261:
259:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
235:subfamily of
234:
230:
226:
217:
216:
215:
210:
209:
204:
203:
198:
197:
192:
191:
186:
185:
180:
179:
173:
172:
167:
166:
161:
160:
154:
149:
144:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1418:
1369:
1365:
1359:
1351:
1254:
1253:
1237:
1236:
1213:
1212:
1189:
1188:
1172:
1171:
1148:
1147:
1090:
1089:
1073:
1072:
1049:
1048:
984:
983:
967:
966:
943:
942:
851:
850:
834:
833:
810:
809:
768:
766:
750:
749:
712:
711:
688:
687:
650:
648:
640:
630:
620:
606:
595:
583:
574:
564:
558:
549:
539:
533:
524:
514:
504:
492:
483:
473:
463:
459:
449:
439:
431:
424:Black scoter
417:
405:
396:
386:
383:Common eider
376:
364:
355:
344:
331:
319:
310:
301:Histrionicus
299:
290:
275:
265:
245:
228:
224:
222:
212:
206:
200:
194:
188:
182:
176:
169:
165:Histrionicus
163:
157:
156:
137:
108:Anseriformes
42:
18:
1372:: 102–109.
480:Surf scoter
124:Subfamily:
1343:References
560:Lophodytes
521:Bufflehead
436:subspecies
393:King eider
346:Polysticta
285:(formerly
248:mergansers
208:Lophodytes
171:Polysticta
143:Rafinesque
24:Sea ducks
1434:Q33176341
652:Chendytes
617:goosander
535:Mergellus
494:Bucephala
407:Melanitta
366:Somateria
225:sea ducks
202:Mergellus
196:Bucephala
190:Melanitta
184:Somateria
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
1465:Category
1428:Wikidata
1386:29247849
663:Mergini
464:M. fusca
440:M. nigra
287:oldsquaw
277:Clangula
241:Anatinae
159:Clangula
128:Anatinae
118:Anatidae
114:Family:
88:Chordata
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
1471:Mergini
1419:Mergini
404:Genus
336:extinct
318:Genus †
262:Species
229:Mergini
151:Genera
138:Mergini
134:Tribe:
104:Order:
94:Class:
45:(male)
1384:
585:Mergus
582:Genus
565:Mergus
557:Genus
540:Mergus
532:Genus
491:Genus
363:Genus
343:Genus
298:Genus
274:Genus
268:genera
239:, the
214:Mergus
145:, 1815
1448:83442
237:birds
1382:PMID
654:lawi
546:Smew
252:smew
250:and
233:duck
223:The
98:Aves
1374:doi
1370:122
615:or
438:of
426:or
334:) (
289:) (
1467::
1445::
1430::
1380:.
1368:.
1364:.
656:.
567:)
542:)
270::
41:,
1388:.
1376::
767:†
643:)
639:(
633:)
629:(
623:)
619:(
609:)
605:(
601:†
598:)
594:(
577:)
573:(
552:)
548:(
527:)
523:(
517:)
513:(
507:)
503:(
486:)
482:(
476:)
472:(
466:)
458:(
452:)
448:(
442:)
430:(
420:)
416:(
399:)
395:(
389:)
385:(
379:)
375:(
358:)
354:(
338:)
330:(
326:†
313:)
309:(
293:)
227:(
175:†
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
