1166:
227:
1187:
diffusion of the protons into the metal lattice. The other main mechanism involves the electrolytic reduction of ionised hydrogen on the surface of the metal lattice, also followed by the diffusion of the protons into the lattice. The second mechanism is responsible for the observed temporary volume expansion of certain electrodes used in electrolytic experiments.
2363:
1216:
216:
1205:. Neutron diffraction studies have shown that hydrogen atoms randomly occupy the octahedral interstices in the metal lattice (in an fcc lattice there is one octahedral hole per metal atom). The limit of absorption at normal pressures is PdH0.7, indicating that approximately 70% of the octahedral holes are occupied.
1173:
Interstitial hydrides most commonly exist within metals or alloys. They are traditionally termed "compounds" even though they do not strictly conform to the definition of a compound, more closely resembling common alloys such as steel. In such hydrides, hydrogen can exist as either atomic or diatomic
2306:
Jackson, Peter F.; Johnson, Brian F. G.; Lewis, Jack; Raithby, Paul R.; McPartlin, Mary; Nelson, William J. H.; Rouse, Keith D.; Allibon, John; Mason, Sax A. (1980). "Direct location of the interstitial hydride ligand in β by both X-ray and neutron analyses of by Both X-ray and
Neutron Analyses of
1122:
According to some definitions, covalent hydrides cover all other compounds containing hydrogen. Some definitions limit hydrides to hydrogen centres that formally react as hydrides, i.e. are nucleophilic, and hydrogen atoms bound to metal centers. These hydrides are formed by all the true non-metals
1186:
results from the formation of interstitial hydrides. Hydrides of this type form according to either one of two main mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the adsorption of dihydrogen, succeeded by the cleaving of the H-H bond, the delocalisation of the hydrogen's electrons, and finally the
889:
1250:. Some are even classified as interstitial hydrides and other bridging hydrides. Classical transition metal hydride feature a single bond between the hydrogen centre and the transition metal. Some transition metal hydrides are acidic, e.g.,
1112:
1123:(except zero group elements) and the elements like Al, Ga, Sn, Pb, Bi, Po, etc., which are normally metallic in nature, i.e., this class includes the hydrides of p-block elements. In these substances the hydride bond is formally a
1895:
O, "hydrogen oxide" (water). This convention is sometimes broken for polonium, which on the grounds of polonium's metallicity is often referred to as "polonium hydride" instead of the expected "hydrogen polonide".
100:
1131:. This category includes hydrides that exist as discrete molecules, polymers or oligomers, and hydrogen that has been chem-adsorbed to a surface. A particularly important segment of covalent hydrides are
995:
1212:
compounds and solid-solution alloys. However, their application is still limited, as they are capable of storing only about 2 weight percent of hydrogen, insufficient for automotive applications.
715:
1174:
entities. Mechanical or thermal processing, such as bending, striking, or annealing, may cause the hydrogen to precipitate out of solution by degassing. Their bonding is generally considered
601:
466:
1142:(DIBAL) consists of two aluminum centers bridged by hydride ligands. Hydrides that are soluble in common solvents are widely used in organic synthesis. Particularly common are
2395:
380:
Free hydride anions exist only under extreme conditions and are not invoked for homogeneous solution. Instead, many compounds have hydrogen centres with hydridic character.
701:. Saline hydrides are insoluble in conventional solvents, reflecting their non-molecular structures. Ionic hydrides are used as bases and, occasionally, as reducing
1637:
1623:
1609:
1595:
1208:
Many interstitial hydrides have been developed that readily absorb and discharge hydrogen at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. They are usually based on
1032:
2198:
Grochala, Wojciech; Edwards, Peter P. (2004-03-01). "Thermal
Decomposition of the Non-Interstitial Hydrides for the Storage and Production of Hydrogen".
96:. In such cases, the H centre has nucleophilic character, which contrasts with the protic character of acids. The hydride anion is very rarely observed.
341:
Hydride complexes are catalysts and catalytic intermediates in a variety of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic cycles. Important examples include
2388:
677:
These are stoichiometric compounds of hydrogen. Ionic or saline hydrides are composed of hydride bound to an electropositive metal, generally an
2113:
2086:
2381:
2334:
2246:
2051:
362:
1867:
are highly flammable. But when hydrogen combines with halogens it produces acids rather than hydrides, and they are not flammable.
1434:). The following is a list of the nomenclature for the hydride derivatives of main group compounds according to this definition:
924:
884:{\displaystyle {\ce {{\overset {acetophenone}{C6H5C(O)CH3}}{}+ {\overset {potassium\\hydride}{KH}}-> C6H5C(O)CH2K{}+ H2}}}
630:) forms one or more hydrides. These substances have been classified into three main types according to the nature of their
1876:
1751:
1431:
1269:
607:
325:
108:
1179:
1139:
260:
167:
Bonds between hydrogen and the other elements range from being highly ionic to somewhat covalent. Some hydrides, e.g.
175:
rules and the bonding is described in terms of multi-centered bonds, whereas the interstitial hydrides often involve
2151:
Chatgilialoglu, Chryssostomos; Ferreri, Carla; Landais, Yannick; Timokhin, Vitaliy I. (2018). "Thirty Years of (TMS)
1178:. Such bulk transition metals form interstitial binary hydrides when exposed to hydrogen. These systems are usually
2716:
669:
While these divisions have not been used universally, they are still useful to understand differences in hydrides.
503:
219:
2711:
1741:
1154:
1015:
256:
1165:
697:
form compounds similar to those of heavier alkaline earth metals. In these materials the hydride is viewed as a
1295:, hydride ligands are capable of bonding with positively polarized hydrogen centres. This interaction, called
1241:
413:
243:
1783:
1183:
313:, i.e. drying agents, to remove trace water from organic solvents. The hydride reacts with water forming
2619:
1370:
1132:
27:
This article is about binary compounds of hydrogen with another element. For the anion of hydrogen, see
1182:, with variable amounts of hydrogen atoms in the lattice. In materials engineering, the phenomenon of
2367:
1442:
1427:
1340:
1312:
682:
354:
1303:, which exists between positively polarized protons and electronegative atoms with open lone pairs.
1662:
1405:
199:
monolayers, bulk metals (interstitial), or other materials. While hydrides traditionally react as
156:
2132:
2180:
1931:
1910:
1814:
1747:
1695:
1647:
1143:
1023:
272:
252:
1765:: reducing agent, rocket fuel, semiconductor dopant, catalyst, used in organic synthesis; also
2701:
2330:
2261:
2242:
2215:
2172:
2109:
2082:
2057:
2047:
1731:
1705:
1685:
1666:
1654:
According to the convention above, the following are "hydrogen compounds" and not "hydrides":
1465:
1423:
1336:
1194:
1004:
706:
400:
291:
283:
172:
54:
2458:
2465:
2312:
2286:
2207:
2164:
1964:
1838:
1675:
1300:
1202:
1175:
907:
662:
346:
333:
287:
222:
is an example of a hydride with a weak bond to H. It is used as a source of hydrogen atoms.
93:
1107:{\displaystyle {\ce {{\overset {lithium\\ hydride}{4 LiH}}+ AlCl3 -> LiAlH4{}+ 3 LiCl}}}
2706:
1378:
1344:
1296:
1231:, a metal cluster with an interstitial hydride ligand (small turquoise sphere at center).
1019:
350:
306:
226:
90:
53:(H), a hydrogen atom with two electrons. The term is applied loosely. At one extreme, all
321:
salt. The dry solvent can then be distilled or vacuum transferred from the "solvent pot".
2407:
2235:
2026:
1990:
1905:
1880:
1786:
1756:
1722:
903:
623:
495:
375:
328:. Various metal hydrides have been examined for use as a means of hydrogen storage for
279:
268:
204:
28:
2291:
2274:
2695:
2404:
1936:
1795:
1374:
1209:
1124:
652:
642:
631:
342:
295:
264:
196:
176:
58:
2184:
1863:
All metalloid hydrides are highly flammable. All solid non-metallic hydrides except
2588:
2483:
1926:
1726:
1438:
1292:
698:
678:
906:
cannot serve as a medium for ionic hydrides because the hydride ion is a stronger
2103:
2076:
1193:
absorbs up to 900 times its own volume of hydrogen at room temperatures, forming
2435:
2168:
1856:
1842:
1770:
1735:
1578:
1529:
1382:
358:
192:
152:
1956:
2573:
2566:
1832:
1805:
1774:
1633:
1587:
1408:
1288:
1197:. This material has been discussed as a means to carry hydrogen for vehicular
686:
483:
The low electron affinity of hydrogen and the strength of the H–H bond (
404:
200:
128:
17:
1373:
exist that contain hydride with other anions. These include boride hydrides,
2584:
2552:
2531:
2506:
2451:
2373:
2061:
1969:
1916:
1884:
1801:
1691:
1591:
1582:
1543:
1461:
1412:
1328:
1198:
1190:
1128:
911:
694:
627:
384:
329:
318:
310:
275:. The hydride adds to an electrophilic center, typically unsaturated carbon.
38:
2219:
2176:
2362:
2679:
2658:
2651:
2626:
2612:
2559:
2535:
2520:
2513:
2499:
2472:
2415:
2316:
2014:
1762:
1701:
1681:
1615:
1570:
1565:
1556:
1504:
1500:
1491:
915:
690:
472:
403:, 72.77 kJ/mol and reacts exothermically with protons as a powerful
392:
314:
184:
180:
144:
82:
50:
34:
Molecule with a hydrogen bound to a more electropositive element or group
2329:
A. Dedieu (Editor) Transition Metal
Hydrides 1991, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
2665:
2637:
2605:
2545:
2492:
2002:
1824:
1820:
1791:
1711:
1629:
1619:
1601:
1574:
1547:
1534:
1478:
1474:
1416:
1356:
702:
207:, some metal hydrides behave as hydrogen-atom donors and act as acids.
188:
168:
136:
124:
78:
2211:
1246:
Transition metal hydrides include compounds that can be classified as
2672:
2641:
2444:
1921:
1879:, by precedence (stylized electronegativity), hydrogen falls between
1846:
1810:
1779:
1766:
1671:
1658:
1643:
1605:
1538:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1487:
1452:
895:
396:
148:
132:
112:
74:
1135:, powerful soluble hydrides commonly used in synthetic procedures.
918:
anions. Hydrogen gas is liberated in a typical acid-base reaction.
2598:
1852:
1448:
1215:
1214:
1164:
1138:
Molecular hydrides often involve additional ligands; for example,
899:
388:
225:
214:
140:
120:
98:
66:
46:
1828:
1561:
651:, which include the hydrocarbons and many other compounds which
215:
116:
62:
2377:
1201:. Interstitial hydrides show certain promise as a way for safe
324:
Hydrides are important in storage battery technologies such as
85:, etc. For inorganic chemists, hydrides refer to compounds and
1864:
1552:
99:
86:
1287:
are examples from the growing collection of known molecular
1750:: selective specialty reducing agent, hydrogen storage in
622:
According to the general definition, every element of the
1088:
1072:
975:
945:
877:
856:
829:
816:
773:
746:
733:
518:
454:
2309:
Journal of the
Chemical Society, Chemical Communications
2155:
SiH: A Milestone in
Radical-Based Synthetic Chemistry".
990:{\displaystyle {\ce {NaH + H2O -> H2_{(g)}{}+ NaOH}}}
361:, operate via hydride intermediates. The energy carrier
1665:("oxidane" when substituted; synonym: hydrogen oxide),
332:-powered electric cars and other purposed aspects of a
1014:
Often alkali metal hydrides react with metal halides.
559:
2046:(2nd ed.). Boston, Mass: Butterworth-Heinemann.
1744:: a powerful reducing agent used in organic chemistry
1035:
927:
718:
506:
416:
2134:
Nomenclature of
Inorganic Chemistry ("The Red Book")
1404:
are used to describe ions or compounds that contain
1018:(often abbreviated as LAH) arises from reactions of
494:) means that the hydride ion would also be a strong
2636:
2583:
2530:
2482:
2434:
2414:
89:in which hydrogen is covalently attached to a less
2234:
1106:
989:
883:
595:
460:
2348:W. M. Mueller, J. P. Blackledge, G. G. Libowitz,
1426:hydrogen forms with other elements, ranging over
567:
566:
549:
548:
365:reacts as a hydride donor or hydride equivalent.
1169:Metal hydride for hydrogen storage applications
246:) are intermediates in hydrogenation catalysis.
1422:In the classic meaning, hydride refers to any
596:{\displaystyle {\ce {H2 + 2e- <=> 2H-}}}
2389:
2127:
2125:
8:
1813:: many industrial uses, e.g. manufacture of
103:Sodium hydride as an example of hydride salt
2037:
2035:
2005:is an ion, and the HNe excimer exists also.
1759:: a powerful base used in organic chemistry
387:, the hydride ion is the simplest possible
2396:
2382:
2374:
2352:, Academic Press, N.Y. and London, (1968)
1161:Interstitial hydrides or metallic hydrides
2290:
2140:. IUPAC Recommendations. 2005. Par. IR-6.
1968:
1127:much like the bond made by a proton in a
1099:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1071:
1066:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
978:
974:
962:
958:
944:
939:
928:
926:
876:
871:
862:
855:
850:
835:
828:
823:
815:
810:
787:
782:
772:
767:
752:
745:
740:
732:
727:
720:
719:
717:
586:
581:
568:
561:
560:
558:
550:
543:
541:
540:
538:
532:
527:
517:
512:
507:
505:
453:
448:
435:
422:
417:
415:
1891:, "nitrogen hydride" (ammonia), versus H
1282:
1274:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1226:
1222:
1149:
894:Typical solvents for such reactions are
461:{\displaystyle {\ce {H- + H+ -> H2}}}
2042:Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997).
1948:
1052:
796:
542:
1157:and hindered reagents such as DIBAL.
357:catalysts. Even certain enzymes, the
7:
2241:. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
661:, which may be described as having
294:. The hydride reacts with the weak
1236:Transition metal hydride complexes
25:
363:nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
2361:
2275:"Materials for hydrogen storage"
1339:, are important fusion fuels in
399:. Hydrogen has a relatively low
107:Almost all of the elements form
1887:elements. Therefore, we have NH
2108:. Inorganic Chemistry. Wiley.
1075:
969:
963:
951:
842:
836:
803:
759:
753:
569:
544:
441:
171:, do not conform to classical
109:binary compounds with hydrogen
1:
2292:10.1016/s1369-7021(03)00922-2
2237:Organic Syntheses via Boranes
1859:could be considered hydrides.
1835:, many other industrial uses
1698:("tellane" when substituted)
1678:("sulfane" when substituted)
1432:binary compounds of hydrogen
1270:potassium nonahydridorhenate
326:nickel-metal hydride battery
2169:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00109
2078:Concise Inorganic Chemistry
1708:("polane" when substituted)
1688:("selane" when substituted)
1335:. Some deuterides, such as
1140:diisobutylaluminium hydride
261:diisobutylaluminium hydride
179:. Hydrides can be discrete
2733:
1636:(note "bismuthane" is the
1239:
373:
220:Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane
65:are also called hydrides:
26:
2044:Chemistry of the elements
1742:lithium aluminium hydride
1594:(note "phosphane" is the
1343:and useful moderators in
1155:lithium aluminium hydride
1016:Lithium aluminium hydride
641:, which have significant
257:lithium aluminium hydride
2273:ZΓΌttel, Andreas (2003).
1389:Appendix on nomenclature
1242:Transition metal hydride
2081:(5th ed.). Wiley.
1970:10.1351/goldbook.H02904
1650:(only exists as an ion)
1622:(note "stibane" is the
267:, are commonly used as
111:, the exceptions being
1845:, important source of
1608:(note "arsane" is the
1232:
1184:hydrogen embrittlement
1170:
1133:complex metal hydrides
1108:
991:
885:
597:
462:
247:
230:Metal hydrides (e.g. H
223:
104:
2233:Brown, H. C. (1975).
2102:Massey, A.G. (2000).
1871:Precedence convention
1445:metals: metal hydride
1371:Mixed anion compounds
1366:Mixed anion compounds
1341:thermonuclear weapons
1218:
1168:
1109:
1003:= β83.6 kJ/mol,
992:
886:
659:Interstitial hydrides
598:
463:
229:
218:
159:have also been made.
102:
2370:at Wikimedia Commons
2317:10.1039/c39800000295
2105:Main Group Chemistry
1963:. 24 February 2014.
1817:and water repellents
1355:Hydrides containing
1327:Hydrides containing
1311:Hydrides containing
1291:metal hydrides. As
1033:
1010:= β109.0 kJ/mol
925:
716:
683:alkaline earth metal
504:
414:
391:, consisting of two
355:hydrodesulfurization
244:Wilkinson's catalyst
1815:composite materials
1090:
1074:
977:
947:
879:
858:
831:
818:
775:
748:
735:
555:
520:
478:= β1676 kJ/mol
456:
286:are used as strong
157:positronium hydride
73:O) is a hydride of
2075:Lee, J.D. (2008).
2029:exist as a cation.
1932:Hydride compressor
1748:sodium borohydride
1714:: hydrogen halides
1696:hydrogen telluride
1297:dihydrogen bonding
1233:
1180:non-stoichiometric
1171:
1144:sodium borohydride
1104:
1078:
1062:
1024:aluminium chloride
987:
954:
935:
881:
867:
846:
819:
806:
763:
736:
723:
655:to hydrogen atoms.
593:
574:
508:
458:
444:
273:chemical synthesis
253:sodium borohydride
248:
224:
105:
2717:Functional groups
2689:
2688:
2366:Media related to
2262:Palladium hydride
2212:10.1021/cr030691s
2163:(14): 6516β6572.
2115:978-0-471-49039-5
2088:978-81-265-1554-7
2017:exists as an ion.
1993:exists as an ion.
1957:"hydron (H02904)"
1913:(hydrogen cation)
1851:Chemically, even
1732:palladium hydride
1706:hydrogen polonide
1686:hydrogen selenide
1667:hydrogen peroxide
1640:recommended name)
1626:recommended name)
1612:recommended name)
1598:recommended name)
1248:covalent hydrides
1195:palladium hydride
1118:Covalent hydrides
1102:
1081:
1065:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1046:
985:
968:
957:
950:
938:
931:
870:
861:
849:
841:
834:
822:
809:
801:
799:
795:
791:
780:
779:
766:
758:
751:
739:
726:
707:organic synthesis
649:Covalent hydrides
618:Types of hydrides
585:
576:
531:
511:
492:= 436 kJ/mol
447:
434:
421:
401:electron affinity
305:Hydrides such as
292:organic synthesis
284:potassium hydride
278:Hydrides such as
251:Hydrides such as
173:electron counting
16:(Redirected from
2724:
2712:Hydrogen storage
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2601:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2427:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2375:
2365:
2337:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2270:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2240:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2206:(3): 1283β1316.
2200:Chemical Reviews
2195:
2189:
2188:
2157:Chemical Reviews
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1972:
1953:
1877:IUPAC convention
1839:hydrogen sulfide
1734:: electrodes in
1676:hydrogen sulfide
1419:, respectively.
1345:nuclear reactors
1301:hydrogen bonding
1299:, is similar to
1286:
1278:
1267:
1256:
1230:
1203:hydrogen storage
1152:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1038:
996:
994:
993:
988:
986:
983:
979:
976:
973:
972:
966:
955:
948:
946:
943:
936:
929:
890:
888:
887:
882:
880:
878:
875:
868:
863:
859:
857:
854:
847:
845:
839:
832:
830:
827:
820:
817:
814:
807:
802:
800:
797:
793:
789:
788:
783:
781:
777:
776:
774:
771:
764:
762:
756:
749:
747:
744:
737:
734:
731:
724:
721:
663:metallic bonding
613:
605:
602:
600:
599:
594:
592:
591:
590:
583:
577:
575:
573:
572:
565:
557:
556:
554:
547:
539:
537:
536:
529:
519:
516:
509:
493:
479:
470:
467:
465:
464:
459:
457:
455:
452:
445:
440:
439:
432:
427:
426:
419:
347:hydroformylation
334:hydrogen economy
177:metallic bonding
153:Exotic molecules
81:is a hydride of
59:covalently bound
45:is formally the
21:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2430:
2423:
2410:
2405:Monatomic anion
2402:
2358:
2346:
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2300:
2279:Materials Today
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2271:
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2041:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1902:
1894:
1890:
1873:
1841:: component of
1510:
1497:
1484:
1471:
1458:
1391:
1379:hydridonitrides
1368:
1353:
1325:
1309:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1244:
1238:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1163:
1151:
1147:
1120:
1048:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1020:lithium hydride
923:
922:
904:protic solvents
792:
722:
714:
713:
685:. The divalent
675:
653:covalently bond
620:
606:
603:
582:
528:
502:
501:
491:
484:
471:
468:
431:
418:
412:
411:
378:
372:
351:hydrosilylation
307:calcium hydride
301:
269:reducing agents
241:
237:
233:
213:
205:reducing agents
165:
91:electronegative
72:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2730:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2694:
2693:
2687:
2686:
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2683:
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2634:
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2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2594:
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2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
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2539:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2479:
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2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2440:
2438:
2432:
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2418:
2412:
2411:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2357:
2356:External links
2354:
2350:Metal Hydrides
2345:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2322:
2298:
2265:
2254:
2247:
2225:
2190:
2152:
2143:
2121:
2114:
2094:
2087:
2067:
2052:
2031:
2027:Kryptonium ion
2019:
2007:
1995:
1991:Helium hydride
1983:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:Parent hydride
1901:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1872:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1849:
1836:
1818:
1808:
1799:
1789:
1787:semiconductors
1777:
1760:
1757:sodium hydride
1754:
1745:
1739:
1729:
1727:NiMH batteries
1723:nickel hydride
1716:
1715:
1709:
1699:
1689:
1679:
1669:
1652:
1651:
1648:helium hydride
1641:
1627:
1613:
1599:
1585:
1577:("azane" when
1568:
1559:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1511:
1508:
1498:
1495:
1485:
1482:
1472:
1469:
1459:
1456:
1446:
1443:alkaline earth
1390:
1387:
1367:
1364:
1352:
1349:
1324:
1321:
1308:
1305:
1240:Main article:
1237:
1234:
1162:
1159:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1098:
1095:
1085:
1077:
1069:
1061:
1042:
1012:
1011:
997:
982:
971:
965:
961:
953:
942:
934:
892:
891:
874:
866:
853:
844:
838:
826:
813:
805:
786:
770:
761:
755:
743:
730:
674:
673:Ionic hydrides
671:
667:
666:
656:
646:
639:Ionic hydrides
624:periodic table
619:
616:
615:
614:
612:= β2.25 V
589:
580:
571:
564:
553:
546:
535:
526:
523:
515:
496:reducing agent
489:
481:
480:
451:
443:
438:
430:
425:
376:Hydrogen anion
371:
368:
367:
366:
338:
337:
322:
303:
299:
280:sodium hydride
276:
239:
235:
231:
212:
209:
169:boron hydrides
164:
161:
70:
33:
29:Hydrogen anion
24:
18:Metal hydrides
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2729:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
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2603:
2600:
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2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:Chalcogenides
2586:
2582:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2564:
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2554:
2550:
2547:
2543:
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2336:
2335:0-471-18768-2
2332:
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2299:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
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2258:
2255:
2250:
2248:0-471-11280-1
2244:
2239:
2238:
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2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2191:
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2106:
2098:
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2090:
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2079:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2053:0-7506-3365-4
2049:
2045:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2008:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1984:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1942:
1938:
1937:Superhydrides
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1875:According to
1870:
1868:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
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1816:
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1803:
1800:
1797:
1796:semiconductor
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1778:
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1772:
1768:
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1414:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:carbohydrides
1372:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1359:are known as
1358:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1331:are known as
1330:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1315:are known as
1314:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1293:pseudohalides
1290:
1271:
1268:. The anions
1249:
1243:
1235:
1219:Structure of
1217:
1213:
1211:
1210:intermetallic
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:covalent bond
1117:
1096:
1093:
1083:
1067:
1059:
1040:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1002:
998:
980:
959:
940:
932:
921:
920:
919:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
872:
864:
851:
824:
811:
784:
768:
741:
728:
712:
711:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
672:
670:
664:
660:
657:
654:
650:
647:
644:
643:ionic bonding
640:
637:
636:
635:
633:
629:
626:(except some
625:
617:
611:
610:
587:
578:
562:
551:
533:
524:
521:
513:
500:
499:
498:
497:
488:
477:
476:
449:
436:
428:
423:
410:
409:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
377:
369:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:hydrogenation
340:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
297:
296:Bronsted acid
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:
270:
266:
265:super hydride
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:
245:
242:derived from
228:
221:
217:
210:
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
162:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
101:
97:
95:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
30:
19:
2424:
2349:
2347:
2344:Bibliography
2325:
2308:
2301:
2285:(9): 24β33.
2282:
2278:
2268:
2257:
2236:
2228:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2133:
2104:
2097:
2077:
2070:
2043:
2022:
2010:
1998:
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1927:Hydrogen ion
1874:
1862:
1857:hydrocarbons
1717:
1653:
1530:hydrocarbons
1421:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1385:and others.
1369:
1360:
1354:
1332:
1326:
1316:
1310:
1247:
1245:
1207:
1189:
1172:
1137:
1121:
1013:
1006:
1000:
893:
778:acetophenone
699:pseudohalide
679:alkali metal
676:
668:
658:
648:
638:
621:
608:
486:
482:
474:
382:
379:
309:are used as
263:(DIBAL) and
211:Applications
193:ionic solids
166:
106:
42:
36:
1843:natural gas
1804:: used for
1782:: used for
1771:pentaborane
1738:experiments
1736:cold fusion
1579:substituted
1383:oxyhydrides
687:lanthanides
628:noble gases
383:Aside from
370:Hydride ion
359:hydrogenase
298:releasing H
201:Lewis bases
197:chemisorbed
57:containing
2696:Categories
2311:(7): 295.
1943:References
1833:fertilizer
1806:fumigation
1794:: used in
1775:decaborane
1752:fuel cells
1725:: used in
1718:Examples:
1634:bismuthine
1588:phosphorus
1528:, and all
1430:1β16 (the
1409:hydrogen-1
1333:deuterides
1323:Deuterides
1289:homoleptic
1199:fuel cells
902:and other
645:character.
405:Lewis base
374:See also:
311:desiccants
2536:Pnictides
2408:compounds
1917:Hydronium
1802:phosphine
1692:tellurium
1592:phosphine
1583:hydrazine
1544:germanium
1462:aluminium
1413:deuterium
1398:deuteride
1361:tritides.
1329:deuterium
1191:Palladium
1129:weak acid
1076:⟶
952:⟶
914:and most
912:hydroxide
804:⟶
794:potassium
695:ytterbium
588:−
570:⇀
563:−
552:−
545:↽
534:−
442:⟶
424:−
393:electrons
385:electride
330:fuel cell
319:hydroxide
185:oligomers
181:molecules
55:compounds
39:chemistry
2702:Hydrides
2638:Group 17
2585:Group 16
2532:Group 15
2484:Group 14
2436:Group 13
2368:Hydrides
2220:15008624
2185:49413857
2177:29938502
2062:48138330
2015:Argonium
1900:See also
1885:group 16
1881:group 15
1798:industry
1763:diborane
1712:halogens
1702:polonium
1682:selenium
1616:antimony
1571:nitrogen
1566:plumbane
1557:stannane
1505:thallane
1501:thallium
1492:indigane
1424:compound
1406:enriched
1351:Tritides
1317:protides
1307:Protides
1281:[FeH
1273:[ReH
1221:[HRu
1176:metallic
916:hydroxyl
703:reagents
691:europium
689:such as
315:hydrogen
234:RhCl(PPh
189:polymers
155:such as
83:nitrogen
51:hydrogen
2642:Halides
2416:Group 1
2003:Neonium
1825:coolant
1821:ammonia
1792:stibine
1630:bismuth
1620:stibine
1602:arsenic
1575:ammonia
1548:germane
1535:silicon
1526:alkynes
1522:alkenes
1518:alkanes
1479:gallane
1475:gallium
1466:alumane
1417:tritium
1402:tritide
1394:Protide
1357:tritium
1313:protium
1252:HCo(CO)
1054:hydride
1050:lithium
798:hydride
632:bonding
94:element
79:ammonia
43:hydride
2707:Anions
2333:
2245:
2218:
2183:
2175:
2112:
2085:
2060:
2050:
1976:11 May
1922:Proton
1911:Hydron
1847:sulfur
1811:silane
1784:doping
1780:arsine
1767:borane
1672:sulfur
1659:oxygen
1644:helium
1606:arsine
1539:silane
1514:carbon
1488:indium
1453:borane
1439:alkali
1428:groups
1263:Fe(CO)
1153:) and
896:ethers
604:
469:
397:proton
395:and a
147:, and
75:oxygen
2181:S2CID
2138:(PDF)
1961:IUPAC
1853:water
1663:water
1638:IUPAC
1624:IUPAC
1610:IUPAC
1596:IUPAC
1507:, TlH
1494:, InH
1481:, GaH
1468:, AlH
1449:boron
1080:LiAlH
1022:with
910:than
900:Water
389:anion
288:bases
163:Bonds
67:water
63:atoms
47:anion
2331:ISBN
2243:ISBN
2216:PMID
2173:PMID
2110:ISBN
2083:ISBN
2058:OCLC
2048:ISBN
1978:2021
1883:and
1855:and
1829:fuel
1773:and
1562:lead
1455:, BH
1441:and
1400:and
1279:and
1257:and
1225:(CO)
1148:NaBH
1101:LiCl
1064:AlCl
984:NaOH
908:base
693:and
317:and
282:and
87:ions
41:, a
2313:doi
2307:".
2287:doi
2208:doi
2204:104
2165:doi
2161:118
1965:doi
1865:ice
1581:),
1553:tin
1415:or
1337:LiD
1045:LiH
930:NaH
705:in
681:or
407:.
290:in
271:in
203:or
187:or
49:of
37:In
2698::
2680:At
2666:Br
2659:Cl
2627:Po
2620:Te
2613:Se
2574:Bi
2567:Sb
2560:As
2521:Pb
2514:Sn
2507:Ge
2500:Si
2473:Tl
2466:In
2459:Ga
2452:Al
2281:.
2277:.
2214:.
2202:.
2179:.
2171:.
2159:.
2124:^
2056:.
2034:^
1959:.
1831:,
1827:,
1823::
1769:,
1704::
1694::
1684::
1674::
1661::
1646::
1632::
1618::
1604::
1590::
1573::
1564::
1555::
1546::
1537::
1524:,
1520:,
1516::
1503::
1490::
1477::
1464::
1451::
1411:,
1396:,
1381:,
1377:,
1347:.
1319:.
1227:18
1026:.
898:.
848:CH
790:KH
765:CH
709:.
634::
490:BE
353:,
349:,
345:,
259:,
255:,
195:,
191:,
183:,
151:.
149:Ra
145:Fr
143:,
141:Rn
139:,
137:Ir
135:,
133:Os
131:,
129:Pm
127:,
125:Kr
123:,
121:Ar
119:,
117:Ne
115:,
113:He
77:,
69:(H
61:H
2673:I
2652:F
2644:)
2640:(
2606:S
2599:O
2591:)
2587:(
2553:P
2546:N
2538:)
2534:(
2493:C
2445:B
2425:H
2397:e
2390:t
2383:v
2319:.
2315::
2295:.
2289::
2283:6
2251:.
2222:.
2210::
2187:.
2167::
2153:3
2118:.
2091:.
2064:.
1980:.
1967::
1893:2
1889:3
1509:3
1496:3
1483:3
1470:3
1457:3
1285:]
1283:6
1277:]
1275:9
1265:4
1261:2
1259:H
1254:4
1229:]
1223:6
1150:4
1146:(
1097:3
1094:+
1084:4
1068:3
1060:+
1041:4
1007:G
1005:Ξ
1001:H
999:Ξ
981:+
970:)
967:g
964:(
960:2
956:H
949:O
941:2
937:H
933:+
873:2
869:H
865:+
860:K
852:2
843:)
840:O
837:(
833:C
825:5
821:H
812:6
808:C
785:+
769:3
760:)
757:O
754:(
750:C
742:5
738:H
729:6
725:C
665:.
609:E
584:H
579:2
530:e
525:2
522:+
514:2
510:H
487:H
485:Ξ
475:H
473:Ξ
450:2
446:H
437:+
433:H
429:+
420:H
336:.
302:.
300:2
240:2
238:)
236:3
232:2
71:2
31:.
20:)
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