162:
31:
486:
spaces are mostly (but not exclusively) constructed using imperial units and advertised accordingly, while in French-speaking Quebec commercial and residential spaces are constructed in metres and advertised using both metric and imperial units as equivalents. However, the zoning by-laws and building codes that govern construction are in metric, although most building codes will also contain imperial equivalents. In addition, rural areas in
341:. When it comes to measures for cooking, Canadians typically use a mix of both depending on the recipe and cook book - use a mix of grams, millilitres, cups, ounces and tablespoons, for example. Canadians also occasionally use Fahrenheit outside of the kitchen, such as when measuring the water temperature in a pool. Stationery and photographic prints are also sold in sizes based on inches and the most popular
592:, automotive, and heavy duty technicians, frequently use both metric and imperial. Machines made in Canada often incorporate parts from other countries and thus the finished product may have both metric and imperial parts. Farm and industrial equipment manufactured in Canada will most often use inch system fasteners and structural steel, but fluid capacities are always listed in metric.
580:
all government building plans in metric measure while residential plans tend to use imperial measure. Many chemical, nuclear and electrical engineers and engineering physicists employ metric units. Canadian engineers are not always educated in both systems but become keenly aware of the differences between the imperial, metric and US customary systems once they enter the workforce.
404:
vegetables are usually advertised in pounds, although the price per kilogram is also displayed, usually in smaller type. More expensive items such as deli, meats, and fish are often advertised per 100 grams. Many, but not all, products are sold in imperial sizes, but labelled in metric units. An example of this is butter, which is sold in a 454
808:
curriculum used only the metric system. This was done in light of the refusal or reluctance of much of the private sector to metricate; thus students had been leaving school unprepared for the units used in the workplace. Many other provinces and territories also include the imperial system of measurements as part of their educational curriculum.
331:
Canadians typically use a mix of metric and imperial measurements in their daily lives. One area where imperial measures continue to be used, despite official practice, is with respect to human height and weight. Newborns are measured in kilograms at hospitals, but the birth weight and length is also
673:
may have either commercial or military descriptions. In the former, the manufacturer will choose a name for proprietary reasons, perhaps to associate the name with a brand or designer, or otherwise distinguish it from comparable cartridges. Typical terms include bullet or bore diameter, cartridge
579:
Because most fasteners, machine parts, pumps, piping, and all building materials are sold in imperial or US customary units, many mechanical and civil engineers in Canada mainly use imperial units for these items. Building codes are in metric while building plans are split, with most commercial and
390:
For weather
Celsius is nearly universally used by Canadians and outdoor signs usually display Celsius. However, outdoor window thermometers display temperatures in both Fahrenheit and Celsius. Inside newer buildings, digital and analog thermostats display temperature settings in degrees Celsius or
336:
give height in centimetres, many
Canadians also use feet, inches and pounds to indicate their height and weight. Use of the imperial system also persist where influenced by US trade and manufacture. Most kitchen appliances in Canada are labelled with both degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit, and metric
256:
Notwithstanding the end of compulsory metrication in Canada, some legacy imperial units are no longer permitted for trade within Canada, and most laws, regulations, and official forms exclusively use metric measurements. However, imperial measures still have legal definitions in Canada and can be
485:
Construction materials, including construction lumber and drywall, continue to be sold in imperial measurements; retrofitting metric-sized (designed for 400 mm centres) wallboard on old 16 in (406 mm) spaced studs is difficult. In
English-speaking Canada commercial and residential
455:
measured in inches, although most boxes also state the size in centimetres. Bicycle frames and car wheel diameters are also usually described in inches; tire inflation is in pounds per square inch (psi). Standard and special fasteners like alloys, nuts, bolts, washers, studs, self-tapping, self
807:
Education is nearly entirely metric. However, in 2005, one province (Ontario) announced changes to the secondary school mathematics curriculum that would allow imperial units to be taught along with metric units. This marked a departure from previous governments' efforts to make sure that the
323:
have adopted metres and kilometres for distances and kilometres per hour for speed limits). Canadian railcars show weight figures in both imperial and metric. Canadian railways also maintain exclusive use of imperial measurements to describe train length and height in feet and train masses in
403:
Many food and retail products are sold according to metric units, though this is not always the case. The price of a piece of meat, for example a steak, is typically advertised per pound, but the price printed on the package is per kilogram; the latter is calculated. The prices of fruits and
446:
which is labelled as containing 1.18 L (42 imperial fluid ounces; 40 US fluid ounces). Some of these package sizes have been introduced since
Canadian metrication began; for example, the traditional Canadian soft drink can was 10 imperial fluid ounces (284 mL), later marketed as
765:
size (210 mm Ă— 297 mm) used throughout most of the world. The government, however, uses a combination of ISO paper sizes, and CAN 2-9.60M "Paper Sizes for
Correspondence" specifies P1 through P6 paper sizes, which are the US paper sizes rounded to the nearest 5 mm.
419:
In restaurants, wine is usually served by the litre, 750 mL (26-imperial-fluid-ounce; 25-US-fluid-ounce) or 500 mL (18-imperial-fluid-ounce; 17-US-fluid-ounce) bottle, but a wine glass is measured in ounces. A 750-millilitre bottle of hard liquor is referred to as a
416:"; in a hard metric system, butter might come in a 500 g package). Mandatory nutrition facts labelling (the Nutrition Facts Table) uses metric units for several basic nutrients, although serving sizes can be described in any form of unit (can, cup, quantity, etc.).
844:
441:
bottled soft drink is labelled as 591 mL (or occasionally rounded up to 600 mL). Beer in bottles continues to be 12 imperial fluid ounces (labelled as 341 mL), but beer in cans is filled to 12 US fluid ounces (labelled as 355 mL). There is also a
517:
with the United States has resulted in continued exposure to the US system. Since the United States is Canada's largest trading partner and vice versa, Canadian exporters and importers must be accustomed to dealing in US customary units as well as metric.
437:) often advertise measurements of food and drink in US customary units, but converted to metric units, because either the containers are made to US standards, or the franchise is US-based and uses a standard size for its products. Thus in Canada a 20 US
373:
The use of metric or imperial measurements varies by age and region, with metric dominant among those under the age of 50. Canadians who have received only metric instruction in school (from the early 1970s) are more familiar with metric measurements.
679:
562:
in the United States). Most physicians chart patient height and weight in imperial units, and while most growth charts display both systems of measurement, the majority of hospitals officially document such parameters in metric. Dieticians still use
245:
in 1984 resulted in the abolition of the Metric
Commission on March 31, 1985. This ended the process of affirmative metrication in Canada, and some regulations requiring metric measurements either have been repealed or are no longer enforced.
498:. This based most rural roads on a mile measurement which when viewed from the air has the appearance of a checkerboard or grid. Because of this historical reason, it is still common to refer to distance in miles. In contrast, in much of
45:
for many purposes, there is still significant use of non-metric units and standards in many sectors of the
Canadian economy and everyday life. This is mainly due to historical ties with the United Kingdom, the traditional use of the
682:(CIP) for standardization. Canadian industry follows both conventions, but there is little appetite in the Canadian firearms industry or hobby to pursue metrification simply for the sake of conformity when the trade is global.
270:
Canadians typically discuss the weather in degrees
Celsius, purchase gasoline in litres, observe speed limits set in kilometres per hour (km/h), and read road signs and maps displaying distances in kilometres. Cars have metric
786:
incident in July 1983 is a famous case of a kilogram–pound mistake, in which the miscalculation of the amount of fuel in an Air Canada airplane with a malfunctioning fuel gauge caused the plane to run out of fuel mid-flight.
478:"per pound", and small businesses are exempt from having metric scales and legally sell by the pound. While most supermarket scales display both metric and imperial units, products advertised by the pound in a supermarket
774:
Luggage restrictions and limits at
Canadian airports are in metric values with soft imperial conversion values. Runway lengths are given in feet and speed in knots as in the US. Like a number of metric countries
502:
the basic survey grid was based on a mile-and-a-quarter (1.25 mi), which corresponds almost exactly to a 2-kilometre grid and which makes miles no more natural than kilometres. 1.25 mi is equal to 100
685:
Military designations use technical nomenclature to avoid confusion or misrouting of supplies. There are several examples of similar names and similar design dimensions. For example, the civilian cartridge
603:
often use imperial units. Rough timber, drywall, plywood, fasteners, pipes, and tubing are all sold in imperial units. Nails in hardware stores are measured in inches but sold in metric weight packages.
2191:
381:
Canadians are exposed to both metric and imperial units, and it is not unusual for there to be references to both metres and feet, square metres and acres, or grams and ounces in the same conversation.
530:(36.369 litres) when selling oats, wheat, and other grains. When dealing with the US oat markets though, special attention must be paid to the definition of bushel weight because the US uses a
118:
that showed speed in km/h and distance in km. The distances on road signs were changed to kilometres during the next few months. Gasoline pumps changed from imperial gallons to litres in 1979.
675:
86:). In cross-border transactions with the United States it was often unclear whether values quoted in gallons were referring to United States gallons (3.79 litres) or imperial gallons.
546:
In the health care system, metric units are often given precedence, although actual metric units may still be different than the United States (for example, for measurements of blood
145:
of
Peterborough, was one of the country's most outspoken opponents of metrication. During this period, a few government employees lost their jobs for their opposition to metrication.
412:(and in many cases is also labelled with the imperial unit). This is known as "soft metric" (as opposed to a "hard metric" system, where packages and measures are generally sold in "
1805:
1004:
2871:
1587:
1991:
2236:
1305:
1330:
1811:
1025:
2186:
65:
1500:
365:(with a gridiron layout with a length of 100.6 metres, or 110 yards, from one goal line to the other); golfers also expect courses to be measured in yards.
2230:
1355:
706:
cartridge in the 1950s, with slight variations in production but not in external dimensions. All four examples are common small arms cartridges in Canada.
2758:
2505:
2783:
1114:
628:
122:
799:
was used in western Canada, landholdings are measured in acres and sub-divisions of acres, based on divisions of one square mile as the base unit.
2778:
2495:
2315:
972:
1046:
2814:
2809:
2763:
2414:
2404:
2305:
1843:
249:
Training on metric conversion was not universal. Poor metrication training was a contributing factor to Air Canada Flight 143, the so-called
110:. By the mid-1970s, metric product labelling was introduced. In 1972, the provinces agreed to make all road signs metric by 1977. During the
1778:
2819:
2389:
2327:
1984:
1576:
50:
of measurement in Canada, interdependent supply chains with the United States, and opposition to metrication during the transition period.
1413:
1396:
114:
weekend in 1977, every speed limit sign in the country was changed from mph to km/h. From the same time every new car sold had to have a
2753:
2540:
1285:
137:, was a noted hotbed of opposition to metrication, having been one of the government's three test centres for the metrication process.
2793:
2768:
2621:
2369:
607:
Electricians in every country use metric units such as volts and amperes, but motors and engines in Canada are still often quoted in
2677:
2196:
1953:
862:
70:
1455:
1195:
795:
Land surveys occurred long before the adoption of metric, using imperial units of length and area. Particularly in areas where the
631:. Conduit sizes are in inch diameters, although some manufacturers include the metric size printed on the conduits – for example,
2647:
2611:
2520:
2258:
1958:
839:
337:
cooking measures are widely available; but Fahrenheit is often used for cooking due to the import of kitchen appliances from the
257:
used alongside metric units. Net quantity declarations on prepackaged products sold to consumers must be stated in metric units.
1753:
2733:
2718:
2672:
2550:
2525:
2510:
2470:
2394:
1977:
1697:
1110:
1083:
1061:
2866:
2728:
2713:
2703:
2693:
2631:
2601:
2571:
2535:
2460:
2379:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2337:
2041:
1893:
1487:
1427:
849:
1722:
1262:
333:
315:
services, continue to measure their trackage in miles and speed limits in miles per hour (although urban railways including
102:
first began implementing metrication in Canada in 1970 with a government agency dedicated to implementing the project, the
2723:
2698:
2662:
2626:
2606:
2596:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2475:
2399:
2300:
2031:
2021:
174:
75:
1334:
1181:
299:) and miles per (imperial) gallon. Window stickers in dealer showrooms often include "miles per gallon" conversions. The
2788:
2708:
2667:
2657:
2586:
2490:
2429:
2424:
2384:
2374:
2364:
2359:
2263:
2165:
2160:
2079:
2074:
2036:
1160:
834:
2113:
1033:
2616:
2591:
2530:
2480:
2465:
2455:
2419:
2310:
2273:
2242:
902:
288:
146:
1673:
2652:
2500:
2434:
2332:
2278:
2268:
1938:
1931:
1926:
1564:
225:) used in most of the rest of the world. In September 1977, every speed-limit sign in the country was changed from
2545:
2084:
1836:
304:
153:
who publicly opposed mandatory metric conversion, was dismissed for "conduct unacceptable for a public servant".
1359:
121:
There was some resistance to metrication. The metrication of gasoline and diesel fuel sales in 1979 prompted 37
1888:
1868:
1649:
882:
482:
are invariably sold to the customer (at the point of sale) based on a price "per 100 grams" or "per kilogram".
308:
300:
284:
1383:
1254:
1782:
1538:
2108:
2059:
1873:
1233:
1065:
95:
511:) and it was that sized grid that was used in the original surveys and thus would have been more familiar.
173:
Since 1976, the law requires that all prepackaged food products must declare their mass or their volume in
1913:
1903:
1856:
823:
161:
2000:
1948:
857:
568:
150:
134:
1549:
1918:
1908:
1898:
1883:
1829:
1476:
796:
726:
710:
670:
495:
1628:
1139:
456:
drilling screws and socket screws are often quoted in both imperial and metric; products range from
82:. For example, before metrication in Canada, gasoline was sold by the (imperial) gallon (about 4.55
2773:
2293:
2224:
1943:
758:
742:
616:
346:
230:
214:
2288:
2064:
392:
1598:
980:
828:
741:
is a 0.30-inch-calibre (7.62 mm) bullet originally loaded with 30 grains (1.9 g) of
738:
703:
531:
491:
358:
142:
103:
1282:
669:
Imperial units remain in common use in firearms and ammunition on the international market.
2320:
538:(cwt; 100 lbs; 45.36 kg), whereas hogs are sold in dollars per hundred kilograms.
499:
479:
421:
1821:
1225:
845:
Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States
17:
2485:
1442:
1431:
1289:
730:
699:
433:
280:
166:
126:
30:
947:
733:). In the manufacture of ammunition, bullet and powder weights are expressed in terms of
1611:
1203:
2835:
2409:
2026:
1088:
487:
424:, referring to its volume in imperial fluid ounces, rounded down from 26.4. Similarly,
242:
226:
130:
99:
59:
47:
1816:
1293:
2860:
2283:
2155:
2123:
2095:
1757:
535:
429:
338:
316:
312:
218:
42:
1701:
534:(35.239 litres). In livestock auction markets, cattle are sold in dollars per short
2840:
2128:
2118:
2103:
1424:
1069:
831:, a field studying how changes can be efficiently implemented in modern communities
783:
734:
695:
620:
504:
448:
413:
409:
250:
1729:
1142:. Government of Canada, Department of Justice Canada, Legislative Services Branch
447:
280 mL. Only in the early 1990s did the US-derived 355 mL size displace it.
2439:
2170:
2069:
1852:
1519:
1372:
925:
818:
691:
687:
551:
547:
443:
438:
350:
272:
115:
725:). Ammunition which is classified in metric already is still kept metric (e.g.
713:, even when the cartridge is of a relatively recent product introduction (e.g.
754:
714:
680:
Commission internationale permanente pour l'Ă©preuve des armes Ă feu portatives
608:
514:
451:
for screens on television sets and computer monitors almost always have their
342:
320:
279:, although most speedometers include smaller figures in miles per hour (mph).
210:
206:
202:
194:
182:
111:
984:
353:, are sized in imperial units, though many agendas and notebooks are sold in
332:
announced to family and friends in pounds, ounces, feet and inches. Although
169:, with the old "25 mph" value now showing through the 40 km/h limit
74:(R.S., 1985, c. W-6). These units have the same names and the same values as
624:
600:
589:
559:
555:
425:
325:
138:
1700:. British Columbia Ministry of Education. November 22, 2000. Archived from
674:
length or capacity, a proper name or company. Designs are registered with
177:, though Canadian imperial units are still legally permitted on packaging.
1969:
1781:. Manitoba Department of Education, Citizenship and Youth. Archived from
776:
612:
596:
452:
276:
222:
190:
133:, Ontario, selling gas in both imperial gallons and litres. The city of
2845:
1728:. British Columbia Ministry of Education. February 2006. Archived from
762:
718:
571:. While these units are metric derivatives, they are not metric units.
564:
508:
475:
354:
186:
68:, labelled as "Canadian units of measurement" under Schedule II of the
1618:(Regina: Canadian Plains Research Center, University of Regina, 2006).
2515:
527:
375:
79:
1679:. Nova Scotia Department of Education. Province of Nova Scotia. 2005
1111:
Food Safety and Consumer Protection, Canadian Food Inspection Agency
41:
began in 1970 and ceased in 1985. While Canada has converted to the
1655:. Alberta Education/Alberta Learning, Alberta, Canada. August 2002
903:"A Canadian compromise between metric and imperial - CBC Archives"
160:
83:
29:
1629:"The Ontario curriculum Grades 9 and 10 2005 REVISED Mathematics"
761:(8.5 inches Ă— 11 inches), rather than the metric-based
1501:"Canada's march to metric is measured in inches and centimetres"
722:
466: in (0.91 mm) diameter up to 4 in (100 mm).
405:
362:
198:
178:
1973:
1825:
1650:"Outcomes with Assessment Standards for Applied Mathematics 10"
1140:"Consumer Packaging and Labelling Regulations (C.R.C., c. 417)"
1674:"Nova Scotia Student: LifeWork Portfolio. A teaching resource"
709:
Imperial measures are often encountered in the description of
408:
package (and labelled as such), even though it represents one
34:
The metrication logo used in Canada during the 1970s and 1980s
883:"1982: Canadians rebel against metric system - CBC Archives"
721:, where the calibre is expressed in decimal fractions of an
241:
The election of the Progressive Conservative government of
474:
Supermarkets will often advertise foods such as meats and
395:
still offers an imperial unit option beside metric units.
1601:
at EuroControl Basic Log-in (free registration required).
1414:
Google Maps view of southwestern Manitoba, near Brandon
920:
918:
27:
Adoption of the metric system of measurements in Canada
1779:"Senior 3 Consumer Mathematics (30S) Outcomes by Unit"
1698:"Essentials of Mathematics 11 -Measurement Technology"
737:
for both metric and imperial cartridges. The popular
181:
has been thoroughly metric since 1980. In April 1975,
78:, with the exception of capacity measures such as the
1056:
1054:
676:
Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute
125:
Members of Parliament to open a "freedom to measure"
1084:"Jet's Fuel Runs Out after Metric Conversion Errors"
1026:"Civil servant fired for opposing the metric system"
2828:
2802:
2746:
2686:
2640:
2559:
2448:
2251:
2217:
2210:
2179:
2148:
2141:
2094:
2052:
2014:
2007:
1456:"Test weight conversion charts for Canadian grains"
615:. However, Canada uses, among other things, the US
253:, running out of fuel mid-flight on July 23, 1983.
361:games continue to be played on fields measured in
1756:. Government of Yukon. 2007-11-22. Archived from
1062:"Metric usage and metrication in other countries"
926:"Weights and Measures Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. W-6)"
1356:"Metric Fasteners companies - Displaying all 17"
217:have been in metric units, with the pressure in
1306:"Interactive tool - Understanding a Food Label"
1226:"New Driver's Licence and Identification Cards"
819:Chronology and status of metrication by country
782:Fuel is nowadays measured in metric units. The
64:Until the 1970s, Canada traditionally used the
694:Company in 1894, but is incompatible with the
1985:
1837:
1308:. Canada Food Inspection Agency. 10 June 2014
588:Trades associated with machine work, such as
8:
1397:"Système métrique: à quand le virage final?"
1325:
1323:
1283:Environment Canada weather in imperial units
2872:History of science and technology in Canada
1806:For Good Measure: Canada Converts to Metric
1539:"Canadian standard CAN 2-9.60M paper sizes"
2214:
2145:
2011:
1992:
1978:
1970:
1844:
1830:
1822:
1812:CIA World Factbook: Weights & Measures
1454:Canadian Grain Commission (29 July 2022).
1294:Environment Canada weather in metric units
1255:"Change information on a driver's licence"
165:A long-ago-metricated speed-limit sign in
141:, a Member of Parliament representing the
629:International Electrotechnical Commission
378:has implemented metrication more fully.
1567:16 July 2020 to 0901Z 10 September 2020.
1196:"A. Classes of Track - Transport Canada"
973:"METRIC ROAD SIGNS DUE IN CANADA TODAY"
874:
803:Education regarding the imperial system
698:used throughout the Commonwealth. The
1358:. Canadian Trade Index. Archived from
494:) were mapped and segmented using the
1631:. Ontario Ministry of Education. 2005
1588:A Common European Transition Altitude
295:kilometres per litre as an analog of
7:
1599:Aeronautical Information Publication
1520:"International standard paper sizes"
1331:"The Beer Store Price list CANADIAN"
1163:. Government of Canada. January 2011
611:. Electric car motors are rated in
106:, being established in 1971 by the
2022:International System of Units (SI)
25:
863:Metrication in the United Kingdom
858:Metrication Ordinance (Hong Kong)
526:Canada uses an Avery or imperial
283:for new vehicles is published by
1723:"Key Concepts in the Curriculum"
1425:The Importance of Title Searches
1333:. The Beer Store. Archived from
840:Metrication in the United States
1817:Canada's incomplete metrication
971:Trumbull, Robert (1977-09-06).
1499:Bleasby, John (2 March 2016).
1032:. CBC Archives. Archived from
185:temperatures were replaced by
1:
2032:US customary units (USCS/USC)
1443:Land Titles vs. Land Registry
221:instead of the hectopascals (
76:United States customary units
1616:Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
1395:Allard, Marie (2015-08-25).
835:Myanmar units of measurement
554:per litre, whereas they are
1263:Queen's Printer for Ontario
1119:Food Labelling for Industry
1047:Food Labelling for Industry
1005:"Fired for opposing metric"
702:cartridge derived from the
422:"twenty-sixer" or "two-six"
66:imperial measurement system
18:Metric conversion in Canada
2888:
1161:"Fuel Consumption Ratings"
334:Canadian driver's licences
57:
2085:English Engineering Units
1864:
1488:Is My Child Growing Well?
851:Weights and Measures Acts
755:inch-based paper standard
289:litres per 100 kilometres
1561:Canada Flight Supplement
1477:Marketing Oats in Canada
1373:Legal for Trade - Canada
619:standard instead of the
595:Building trades such as
444:larger sized beer bottle
285:Natural Resources Canada
123:Progressive Conservative
108:Weights and Measures Act
71:Weights and Measures Act
2124:Quantum chromodynamical
1808:at CBC Digital Archives
1234:Province of Nova Scotia
1066:U.S. Metric Association
928:. Department of Justice
661: in (19 mm).
651: in (16 mm),
641: in (13 mm),
2237:centimetre–gram–second
2001:Systems of measurement
1458:. Government of Canada
948:"Canadian Metrication"
824:Metrication opposition
690:was introduced by the
569:millimetres of mercury
193:was first measured in
170:
98:federal government of
35:
2867:Metrication in Canada
2759:Biblical and Talmudic
2225:metre–kilogram–second
1577:1.8. Units of Measure
1384:Canada: Metric System
952:US Metric Association
189:. In September 1975,
164:
135:Peterborough, Ontario
39:Metrication in Canada
33:
1182:"Energuide-vehicles"
1036:on 10 November 2020.
797:Dominion Land Survey
496:Dominion Land Survey
205:. Since April 1976,
1612:"Legal Land Survey"
1505:Canadian Contractor
743:smokeless gunpowder
617:American wire gauge
399:Products and retail
237:Metrication stalled
231:kilometres per hour
215:barometric pressure
149:, an official with
2231:metre–tonne–second
2027:UK imperial system
1430:2007-07-09 at the
1288:2014-03-05 at the
977:The New York Times
779:is given in feet.
770:Air transportation
567:, and doctors use
428:restaurants (e.g.
393:Environment Canada
301:railways of Canada
261:Common usage today
171:
90:Conversion process
36:
2854:
2853:
2742:
2741:
2206:
2205:
2197:Foot–pound–second
2137:
2136:
2114:Heaviside–Lorentz
1967:
1966:
1206:on 25 August 2012
1072:on July 24, 2010.
829:Change management
739:.30-30 Winchester
623:(mm) used in the
621:square millimetre
532:Winchester bushel
492:Canadian Prairies
359:Canadian football
305:Canadian National
104:Metric Commission
54:Before conversion
16:(Redirected from
2879:
2321:Mesures usuelles
2215:
2146:
2012:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1971:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1823:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1678:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1625:
1619:
1610:R.B. McKercher,
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1563:. Effective 0901
1558:
1552:
1550:Carry-On Baggage
1547:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1496:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1434:
1422:
1416:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1302:
1296:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1202:. Archived from
1192:
1186:
1185:
1184:. 30 April 2018.
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1068:. Archived from
1058:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
991:
968:
962:
961:
959:
958:
946:Reid, Joseph B.
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
922:
913:
912:
910:
909:
899:
893:
892:
890:
889:
879:
753:Canada uses the
660:
659:
655:
650:
649:
645:
640:
639:
635:
627:standard of the
550:, the units are
500:southern Ontario
470:Commercial usage
465:
464:
460:
309:Canadian Pacific
297:miles per gallon
21:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2850:
2824:
2798:
2738:
2682:
2636:
2555:
2444:
2247:
2202:
2175:
2133:
2090:
2048:
2003:
1998:
1968:
1963:
1860:
1850:
1802:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1763:
1761:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1707:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1634:
1632:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1571:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1533:
1524:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1512:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1437:
1432:Wayback Machine
1423:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1290:Wayback Machine
1281:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1113:(18 May 2018).
1109:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1093:
1092:. July 30, 1983
1082:
1081:
1077:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1041:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
998:
989:
987:
970:
969:
965:
956:
954:
945:
944:
940:
931:
929:
924:
923:
916:
907:
905:
901:
900:
896:
887:
885:
881:
880:
876:
872:
867:
814:
805:
793:
772:
751:
700:.308 Winchester
667:
657:
653:
652:
647:
643:
642:
637:
633:
632:
586:
577:
544:
524:
472:
462:
458:
457:
434:Quarter Pounder
401:
388:
371:
281:Fuel efficiency
268:
263:
239:
167:Bolton, Ontario
159:
92:
62:
56:
48:imperial system
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2885:
2883:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2859:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2836:Absolute scale
2832:
2830:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2318:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2143:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2044:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1954:United Kingdom
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1800:External links
1798:
1796:
1795:
1770:
1745:
1714:
1704:on May 7, 2008
1689:
1665:
1641:
1620:
1603:
1591:
1580:
1569:
1553:
1542:
1531:
1518:Kuhn, Markus.
1510:
1491:
1480:
1469:
1446:
1435:
1417:
1406:
1387:
1376:
1365:
1362:on 2015-06-01.
1347:
1319:
1297:
1275:
1246:
1217:
1187:
1173:
1152:
1131:
1115:"Net Quantity"
1102:
1089:New York Times
1075:
1050:
1039:
1017:
996:
963:
938:
914:
894:
873:
871:
868:
866:
865:
860:
855:
847:
842:
837:
832:
826:
821:
815:
813:
810:
804:
801:
792:
789:
771:
768:
750:
747:
704:7.62Ă—51mm NATO
666:
663:
585:
582:
576:
573:
543:
540:
523:
520:
488:Western Canada
471:
468:
400:
397:
387:
384:
370:
367:
267:
264:
262:
259:
243:Brian Mulroney
238:
235:
227:miles per hour
158:
155:
151:Revenue Canada
131:Carleton Place
100:Pierre Trudeau
91:
88:
60:Imperial units
58:Main article:
55:
52:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2884:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:List articles
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
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2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
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2749:
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2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:South America
2685:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:North America
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2622:South African
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2547:
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2537:
2534:
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2509:
2507:
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2469:
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2459:
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2454:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Luxembourgian
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:
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2331:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
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2314:
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2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2295:
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2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2243:gravitational
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:Apothecaries'
2058:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1960:
1959:United States
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1835:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1785:on 2007-08-18
1784:
1780:
1774:
1771:
1760:on 2008-01-11
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1735:on 2008-05-15
1731:
1724:
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1699:
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1546:
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1535:
1532:
1521:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1495:
1492:
1489:
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1478:
1473:
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1457:
1450:
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1444:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1337:on 2008-03-03
1336:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1284:
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1230:novascotia.ca
1227:
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541:
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536:hundredweight
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449:Display sizes
445:
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414:round numbers
411:
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339:United States
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53:
51:
49:
44:
43:metric system
40:
32:
19:
2784:Mesopotamian
2678:Puerto Rican
2075:Astronomical
1878:
1787:. Retrieved
1783:the original
1773:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1754:"Curriculum"
1748:
1737:. Retrieved
1730:the original
1717:
1706:. Retrieved
1702:the original
1692:
1681:. Retrieved
1668:
1657:. Retrieved
1644:
1633:. Retrieved
1623:
1615:
1606:
1594:
1583:
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2612:Seychellois
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2316:Traditional
2171:Metrication
2109:Geometrised
2065:Avoirdupois
1939:New Zealand
1853:Metrication
1401:LaPresse.ca
692:Savage Arms
688:.303 Savage
678:(SAAMI) or
575:Engineering
548:cholesterol
542:Health care
522:Agriculture
439:fluid ounce
386:Temperature
343:paper sizes
311:as well as
266:Daily usage
219:kilopascals
203:centimetres
195:millimetres
147:Neil Fraser
127:gas station
116:speedometer
2861:Categories
2734:Venezuelan
2719:Paraguayan
2673:Nicaraguan
2551:Vietnamese
2526:Sri Lankan
2511:Philippine
2471:Indonesian
2395:Portuguese
2289:Winchester
2192:Comparison
2142:Background
2080:Electrical
1859:by country
1857:opposition
1789:2007-12-10
1764:2007-12-18
1739:2007-12-10
1708:2007-12-10
1683:2007-12-10
1659:2007-12-10
1635:2007-12-03
1525:2008-03-06
1341:2008-03-11
1259:ontario.ca
1210:12 January
1167:2011-05-18
1146:2007-12-01
1096:2018-05-20
1011:2008-03-11
990:2022-01-14
957:2022-01-14
932:2007-11-14
908:2021-01-14
888:2021-01-14
870:References
715:.204 Ruger
711:cartridges
671:Cartridges
609:horsepower
590:machinists
515:Free trade
430:McDonald's
369:Experience
326:short tons
321:light rail
211:visibility
207:wind speed
183:Fahrenheit
157:Changeover
112:Labour Day
2729:Uruguayan
2714:Colombian
2704:Brazilian
2694:Argentine
2632:Tanzanian
2602:Mauritian
2572:Ethiopian
2536:Taiwanese
2506:Pakistani
2486:Mongolian
2461:Cambodian
2380:Norwegian
2350:Icelandic
2345:Hungarian
2338:Byzantine
2294:Exchequer
2042:Hong Kong
1894:Hong Kong
1889:Guatemala
1869:Australia
985:0362-4331
759:US Letter
757:e.g. the
727:9 mm
625:IEC 60228
613:kilowatts
601:carpentry
560:decilitre
556:milligram
552:millimole
453:diagonals
426:fast food
277:odometers
223:millibars
139:Bill Domm
2815:Obsolete
2810:Humorous
2764:Egyptian
2724:Peruvian
2699:Bolivian
2663:Honduran
2627:Tunisian
2607:Moroccan
2597:Malagasy
2582:Eritrean
2577:Egyptian
2567:Algerian
2496:Nepalese
2476:Japanese
2410:Scottish
2400:Romanian
2301:Estonian
2211:Historic
2187:Overview
2156:Overview
2053:Specific
1874:Barbados
1428:Archived
1286:Archived
1124:7 August
812:See also
777:altitude
763:A4 paper
665:Firearms
597:plumbing
509:furlongs
191:rainfall
2846:Modulor
2820:Unusual
2789:Persian
2747:Ancient
2709:Chilean
2668:Mexican
2658:Haitian
2587:Guinean
2491:Myanmar
2430:Swedish
2425:Spanish
2415:Serbian
2405:Russian
2385:Ottoman
2375:Maltese
2365:Latvian
2360:Italian
2306:Finnish
2284:English
2264:Cypriot
2259:Cornish
2166:History
2161:Outline
2096:Natural
2037:Chinese
2015:General
2008:Current
1914:Jamaica
1904:Ireland
1855:or its
1462:28 June
719:.17 HMR
656:⁄
646:⁄
636:⁄
507:(or 10
476:produce
461:⁄
357:sizes.
355:ISO 216
317:subways
187:Celsius
96:Liberal
2841:N-body
2779:Indian
2754:Arabic
2617:Somali
2592:Libyan
2560:Africa
2531:Syrian
2481:Korean
2466:Indian
2456:Afghan
2420:Slovak
2390:Polish
2328:German
2311:French
2274:Danish
2252:Europe
2218:Metric
2149:Metric
2129:Stoney
2119:Planck
2104:Atomic
1949:Sweden
1923:Korea
1879:Canada
1268:6 June
1239:6 June
1030:cbc.ca
983:
735:grains
584:Trades
528:bushel
505:chains
376:Quebec
347:letter
213:, and
143:riding
84:litres
80:gallon
2829:Other
2794:Roman
2774:Hindu
2769:Greek
2653:Cuban
2541:Tatar
2501:Omani
2440:Welsh
2435:Swiss
2355:Irish
2333:Greek
2279:Dutch
2269:Czech
2239:(CGS)
2233:(MTS)
2227:(MKS)
2199:(FPS)
2180:UK/US
1932:South
1927:North
1919:Japan
1909:Italy
1899:India
1884:Chile
1733:(PDF)
1726:(PDF)
1677:(PDF)
1653:(PDF)
1007:. CBC
749:Print
480:flyer
410:pound
363:yards
351:legal
2546:Thai
2516:Pegu
2449:Asia
2087:(US)
2070:Troy
1944:Peru
1464:2024
1314:2018
1292:and
1270:2015
1241:2015
1212:2022
1126:2018
981:ISSN
853:(UK)
723:inch
599:and
558:per
406:gram
349:and
319:and
307:and
275:and
199:snow
197:and
179:Milk
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293:not
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287:in
229:to
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