736:
housing, the
Committee organized in their own neighborhood and then merged with other neighborhood-based tenant organizations to form the Metropolitan Council on Housing. The need for said housing was largely catalyzed by a federal program known as “urban renewal.” Though it was promoted as a solution to the grievances posed by tenant organizers regarding limited affordable housing options, urban renewal contrarily led to “the demolition of many working-class neighborhoods, the dislocation of 500,000 new yorkers, and the replacement of their low-rent homes with highways, middle-income housing, and elite cultural facilities such as the Lincoln Center.” The evictions that resulted from urban renewal, commonly in predominantly Black areas, stimulated a rise in tenant movements that eventually became the Metropolitan Council on Housing.
813:, which detailed how increased rents could in fact increase vacancy rates as a result of increased cohabitation, while current rent controlled units provided landlords with a good return on their investment. This came in the face of lobbies from real estate interests for a 15 percent increase on the cost of rent controlled units. They continued to campaign in 1963 for more low-rent housing, instead of rent increases, as a solution to housing shortages in New York City. In 1968, they published
1091:"Views on Rent Control; Shortage of Low-Rent Housing Controls as Cause of Slums Catering to Majority Blow to Pensioners Demand Said to Exceed Supply Politics Behind Controls Total Decontrol Wanted Subsidy to Owners Seen HENRY RUDIN. New York, May 29, 1963. ARNOLD S. GREENSPAN. Briarcliff Manor, N.Y., May 29, 1963. JOSEPH SCHLESINGER. New York, May 29, 1963. ESTHER T. RAND. New York, May 29, 1963. MAX G. KOENIG, Executive Secretary, Building Industry League, Inc.New York, May 29, 1963"
670:
112:
841:, in hosting a Peoples' Court Housing Crimes Trial, which famously put the city on trial for the affordable housing crisis, with representatives from each organization presenting witness testimonials. This action was noted for its use of performative aspects of protest, and the way it successfully attracted media attention.
891:
After four decades of work the
Metropolitan Council on Housing needed to shift some of its campaigning in response to new issues in New York City's affordable rental landscape, including organizing against rezoning that would impact low cost housing availability. However, the Council's main focus has
735:
The Met
Council came together in 1959 as a coalition of twenty tenant councils. The initial founders of the Met Council included Jane Benedict, who had been involved with her neighborhood housing organization, Yorkville Save Our Homes Committee. In response to a need for low-cost, integrated public
1220:"GALLERY: Old Soldiers' New Haunts Jane Benedict, 88 40 Years of Housing Help Alan Berkman, 54 Rebel With a New Cause Lewis Cole, 53 Became What He Beheld Storme DeLarverie, 79 Taking a Stand Florynce Kennedy, 84 'Out of the Streets, Into the Suites' David Rothenberg, 66 From Politics to P.R.".
844:
This work on the
Housing Crimes Trial showcased general improvements in the Metropolitan Council on Housing's use of media in its organizing work; the Council began to also hold workshops for tenant organizations on how to garner publicity and present their concerns in the media, and published
859:
and would remove apartments from rent control as tenants moved out of them, the Met
Council issued a call for widespread rent strikes and hosted workshops for tenants on how they could organize rent strikes in their own buildings. Jane Benedict and the Met Council had fought this move and its
863:
In 1979, in the face of tenants losing apartments because of landlords who wished to enforce roommate occupancy violations, the Met
Council spoke up about the need for rent laws to change along with changing living customs in New York City.
806:, which detailed space in New York City available for the construction of low-rent housing without clearing existing housing. Met Council put pressure on the city to take ownership of abandoned buildings, rather than just knock them down.
919:, the Council joined a group called Housing Justice for All, which included various organizations and tenant organizers. The group called for an eviction moratorium in New York and offered training to tenants who wanted to organize
764:
Founder Jane
Benedict continued to work for forty years in various capacities with the Met Council; she fought for broader implementation of rent control and rent stabilization, and for the preservation of low income housing units.
860:
subsequent management of rent controlled units through a computer system designed to manage rent increases; they called instead for
Federal rent control legislation that would have a national scope and broader tenant protections.
876:, in 1985 to form the New York City Coalition to End Lead Poisoning, specifically to target lead poisoning but more broadly to tackle problems at the intersection of environmental issues and population health.
895:
The
Council is a partner in the Real Rent Reform Campaign. In 2016, Ava Farkas, Executive Director of the Met Council, spoke out against New York City's Mandatory Inclusionary Housing policies rolled out by
744:
The housing movement in New York City was noted in this era for the prevalence of women in leadership, including at the Met
Council; in addition to Jane Benedict, other founders included Esther T. Rand and
2042:
1753:
2876:
2169:
3049:
829:, which continued the Council's earlier work against slum clearance and in advocacy for rehabilitation of abandoned buildings. It then took part, alongside representatives from the
2009:
2954:
2102:
2435:
2959:
2052:
903:
The Council currently provides advice to tenants on their legal rights through online resources, a telephone hotline, a walk-in clinic, and a free, bilingual newspaper,
794:
from his position with the Committee on Slum Clearance. They distributed 100,000 leaflets detailing Moses' failure to appropriately administer the Title 1 program.
2062:
1613:
Nicholson, Lisa M.; Schwirian, Kent P.; Schwirian, Patricia M. (2010). "Childhood Lead Poisoning Laws in New York City: Environment, Politics and Social Action".
3054:
2545:
2037:
2920:
318:
1761:
2901:
2507:
809:
Throughout the 1960s, the Met Council lobbied to keep rent increases low on rent controlled units. This work included the publication of a 1961 report,
1090:
1649:
3064:
2991:
2614:
2002:
1194:
2981:
2925:
2258:
2154:
702:
278:
1476:
Kaun, Anne (2015). "'This Space Belongs to Us!': Protest Spaces in Times of Accelerating Capitalism". In Dencik, Lina; Leistert, Oliver (eds.).
2949:
2799:
1587:
1068:
1043:"Is there Life after Abandonment? The Key Role of New York City's in Rem Housing in Establishing an Entitlement to Decent, Affordable Housing"
2223:
2032:
1485:
1460:
1394:
1869:
2940:
2724:
2974:
2886:
2283:
1995:
2729:
2486:
916:
2107:
2891:
2871:
2804:
2669:
2538:
2248:
2208:
2174:
2112:
1676:
2840:
2754:
979:
Gold, Roberta (2009). "'I Had Not Seen Women like That Before': Intergenerational Feminism in New York City's Tenant Movement".
2684:
2420:
2394:
2336:
2047:
1967:
2996:
2935:
2850:
2719:
2714:
2512:
2481:
2476:
2881:
2774:
2679:
2654:
2268:
2830:
2794:
2764:
2699:
2689:
2674:
2664:
2649:
2629:
2594:
2584:
2554:
2531:
2203:
872:
Metropolitan Council on Housing joined with other local organizations, including New York Public Interest Group and the
638:
2709:
3001:
2986:
2930:
2855:
2769:
2759:
2734:
2634:
2579:
2569:
2273:
2092:
1942:
1807:
754:
724:
695:
131:
2599:
2896:
2749:
2644:
2619:
2574:
2374:
2228:
2067:
1117:
2604:
817:
Work of the Met Council during this era was noted for its efforts to ensure low-cost housing for minority groups.
723:
founded in 1959. As the oldest and largest tenants' organization in the city," it has focused on issues including
2814:
2789:
2779:
2694:
2659:
3059:
2908:
2784:
2739:
2639:
2624:
2502:
2430:
2057:
856:
583:
398:
288:
2835:
773:
The initial headquarters of the Met Council were at 2050 2nd Avenue, New York. Council offices later moved to
1893:
802:
Work against slum clearance continued into the following decade and included publication of the 1964 report,
2913:
2149:
403:
749:, and other women in leadership roles early in the organization's existence included Mrs. Juan Sanchez and
3006:
2845:
2278:
2233:
1677:"Defensive and expansionist struggles for housing justice: 120 years of community rights in New York City"
688:
338:
308:
298:
1808:"Progress for whom, toward what? Progressive politics and New York City's Mandatory Inclusionary Housing"
1271:
2589:
2440:
1657:
1595:
1568:
1545:
1332:
1252:
1225:
1202:
1171:
1098:
996:
533:
478:
473:
463:
201:
883:'s proposal to combine rent controlled and rent stabilized apartments into a single regulation system.
1845:
3021:
2809:
2523:
2301:
2263:
2164:
2159:
774:
643:
628:
348:
303:
293:
2744:
2139:
830:
373:
41:
1563:
Shipler, David K. (16 October 1971). "Tenant's Group Charts Fight Against City Rent Control Law".
2609:
2455:
2218:
1827:
1754:"AOC Gives NY Rent Reform A Boost At Bronx Town Hall: 'We All Have A Right To Dignified Housing'"
1630:
1522:
1367:
1309:
1148:
1140:
1023:
988:
653:
468:
448:
408:
388:
353:
273:
79:
2704:
2404:
2384:
2341:
2198:
2097:
1634:
1540:
Schumach, Murray (13 June 1971). "Rent Strikes Here Are Urged As Means of Reviving Controls".
1502:
1481:
1456:
1452:
1390:
1244:
943:, and leadership was invited to testify at a 1970 state commission hearing on women's rights.
936:
826:
1042:
3016:
2969:
2425:
2399:
2369:
2120:
2116:
1819:
1782:
1688:
1622:
1514:
1448:
1423:
1359:
1301:
1132:
658:
633:
608:
588:
493:
458:
413:
383:
368:
363:
323:
95:
2331:
2316:
2213:
1728:
750:
648:
598:
538:
498:
488:
358:
1503:"'Our time to act has come': desynchronization, social media time and protest movements"
111:
2964:
2450:
2364:
2346:
2326:
897:
746:
674:
568:
513:
393:
343:
333:
283:
223:
171:
141:
825:
Met Council's work in the 1970s also included support of squatter-led actions through
3043:
2471:
2445:
2253:
2238:
2144:
1831:
1526:
1152:
1118:"Sex Roles in Social Movements: A Case Study of the Tenant Movement in New York City"
720:
578:
548:
508:
443:
418:
176:
136:
71:
59:
2389:
1478:
Critical Perspectives on Social Media and Protest: Between Control and Emancipation
1014:
Mishler, Paul (1988). "Review of The Tenant Movement in New York City, 1904-1984".
924:
907:. It also provides data related to tenant practices and behavior in New York City.
852:
791:
613:
328:
1823:
1708:
2321:
1661:
1599:
1572:
1549:
1412:"Vasudevan, Alexander (2017). The Autonomous City: A History of Urban Squatting"
1336:
1256:
1206:
1175:
1102:
940:
920:
880:
873:
834:
758:
563:
503:
248:
196:
1229:
1000:
2379:
2306:
838:
790:
Early work by the newly-formed Met Council included a 1959 campaign to remove
573:
558:
553:
166:
1987:
1518:
1443:
Gold, Roberta (2014). "'Territorio Libre': Upheaval in the Vietnam War Era".
618:
603:
483:
233:
228:
146:
1943:"New York lawmakers move to ban evictions during the coronavirus outbreak"
1626:
1428:
1411:
1195:"OUST-MOSES DRIVE ON; Citizen Housing Group Asks Mayor to Drop Slum Chief"
879:
In 1988, the organization's Co-Chairwoman, Susan Radosh, spoke up against
761:
noted that he had learned much from his organizing work with Met Council.
1914:
1245:"Structural Flaws Found in a Building That's Known as the Peace Pentagon"
593:
543:
423:
313:
191:
161:
151:
1027:
992:
935:
Early activism of the Metropolitan Council on Housing was noted for its
2311:
1371:
1313:
1144:
900:, linking this policy to increases in gentrification in New York City.
378:
181:
156:
103:
1693:
1387:
Criminalizing Dissent: The Liberal State and the Problem of Legitimacy
753:. Leadership was also integrated at the Council's founding; Brooklyn
719:(also referred to as Met Council) is a tenant rights organization in
623:
218:
212:
1363:
1305:
1136:
3026:
3011:
453:
253:
238:
207:
186:
127:
243:
2527:
1991:
1447:. Vol. 1. University of Illinois Press. pp. 169–210.
1069:"Jane Benedict, 93, Unionist and Public Housing Advocate, Dies"
1588:"Illegal Tenants Fought; Illegal Tenants Are Drawing Lawsuits"
1327:"Rentals Pay Good Yield Here, Report by Tenants' Group Says".
847:
Techniques and Devices to Get Your Press Release into Print.
1650:"Not All Tenants Praise Cuomo Proposals on Rent Regulation"
1480:. Rowman & Littlefield International. pp. 89–106.
2170:
Self-Certification (New York City Department of Buildings)
2043:
NYC Department of Housing Preservation and Development
1047:
New York University Review of Law & Social Change
1116:
Lawson, Ronald; Barton, Stephen E. (December 1980).
2864:
2823:
2562:
2495:
2464:
2413:
2355:
2292:
2187:
2130:
2103:
Housing Stability and Tenant Protection Act of 2019
2083:
2076:
2023:
77:
65:
55:
47:
37:
29:
21:
855:and Governor Rockefeller enacted a 1971 law that
1915:"New York tenants shut down rent board meeting"
1350:"The New York Rent Stabilization Law of 1969".
2436:Kill City: Lower East Side Squatters 1992–2000
1125:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
939:; in the 1960s it advocated for an end to the
3050:Housing rights organizations in New York City
2539:
2003:
1894:"The Tenant's Voice: Indy Readers Fight Back"
696:
8:
16:
1968:"Do I pay rent or do I have money to live?"
2546:
2532:
2524:
2508:Involuntary hospitalization of Joyce Brown
2080:
2010:
1996:
1988:
1292:"Citizen Participation in Urban Renewal".
892:remained supporting tenant organizations.
703:
689:
90:
15:
1692:
1427:
1272:"'Peace Pentagon' Faces Uncertain Future"
927:issued a 90-day moratorium on evictions.
2259:Palladia (social services organization)
2155:Article 7A (New York City housing code)
2053:NYC Housing Authority Police Department
1870:"Weekly Tenants' Rights Walk-In Clinic"
1453:10.5406/illinois/9780252038181.003.0007
952:
857:put rent regulation under state control
102:
1586:Stackel, Leslie N. (2 December 1979).
1410:Tutor Anton, Aritz (22 January 2019).
811:The Harmful Effects of a Rent Increase
2224:Citizens Housing and Planning Council
1936:
1934:
1287:
1285:
7:
3055:Organizations based in New York City
1243:Moynihan, Colin (4 September 2007).
1189:
1187:
1185:
1089:Levenson, Richard L. (1 June 1963).
1084:
1082:
1062:
1060:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
804:A Citizen's Survey of Available Land
777:, also known as the Peace Pentagon.
2284:Urban Homesteading Assistance Board
2038:NYC Department of Homeless Services
1846:"Tenants' Rights Telephone Hotline"
1675:Mironova, Oksana (September 2019).
2487:1918-20 New York City rent strikes
1806:Stein, Samuel (13 December 2017).
1752:staff/elizabeth-kim (2019-05-31).
1648:Radosh, Susan (12 February 1988).
1041:Scherer, Andrew (1 January 1995).
917:COVID-19 pandemic in New York City
815:The Case for Overall Rent Control.
279:Affordability in the United States
14:
2249:Movement for Justice in el Barrio
2209:Association for a Better New York
2175:Uniform Land Use Review Procedure
2113:New York State Tenement House Act
1966:Spivack, Caroline (2020-04-03).
1941:Spivack, Caroline (2020-03-12).
1615:Children, Youth and Environments
1331:. 28 February 1961. p. 38.
668:
110:
3065:Regulation in the United States
2337:Museum of Reclaimed Urban Space
2244:Metropolitan Council on Housing
757:Director and later congressman
727:and affordable public housing.
717:Metropolitan Council on Housing
17:Metropolitan Council on Housing
2513:New York City housing shortage
2482:1907 New York City Rent Strike
2477:1904 New York City Rent Strike
1635:10.7721/chilyoutenvi.20.1.0178
1416:Documents d'AnĂ lisi GeogrĂ fica
1224:. 2 April 2000. p. CY15.
1067:Fox, Margalit (24 June 2005).
1:
2269:Real Estate Board of New York
2108:Mitchell–Lama Housing Program
1824:10.1080/07352166.2017.1403854
1445:When Tenants Claimed the City
740:Diversity in early leadership
2555:Housing in the United States
2204:Asian Americans for Equality
1913:Durkin, Kathy (2018-05-03).
1507:Media, Culture & Society
1501:Kaun, Anne (21 April 2016).
1358:(1): 156–177. January 1970.
1170:. 26 July 1981. p. 28.
639:Residential treatment center
2274:Rent Is Too Damn High Party
2093:Rent regulation in New York
2033:NYC Department of Buildings
1729:"real rent reform campaign"
755:Congress of Racial Equality
3081:
2375:Isaac Newton Phelps Stokes
2229:Crown Heights Tenant Union
2068:New York State Legislature
2018:Housing rights in New York
1300:(3): 485–607. March 1966.
1270:Kane, Alex (4 June 2009).
1166:"Obituary 3 -- No Title".
2841:Northern Mariana Islands
2503:Homelessness in New York
2431:How the Other Half Lives
1812:Journal of Urban Affairs
1519:10.1177/0163443716646178
923:. On March 20, Governor
584:Healthy community design
2472:1839-1845 Anti-Rent War
2150:2009 Loft Law Amendment
1783:"Our Staff & Board"
1681:Radical Housing Journal
3007:Missing middle housing
2921:Housing discrimination
2902:San Francisco Bay Area
2279:Sanctuary for Families
2234:Homes for the Homeless
1874:Met Council on Housing
1850:Met Council on Housing
1787:Met Council on Housing
781:Tenant Organizing Work
339:Housing discrimination
309:Environmental security
2557:by state or territory
2441:One-Third of a Nation
2048:NYC Housing Authority
1627:10.1353/cye.2010.0039
1016:Science & Society
931:Other Organizing Work
534:Alternative lifestyle
479:Real estate investing
474:Real estate economics
464:Real estate appraisal
202:Mixed-use development
3022:Single-family zoning
2302:519 East 11th Street
2264:Picture the Homeless
2165:Local Law 97 of 2019
2160:Local Law 45 of 1976
898:Mayor Bill de Blasio
881:Governor Mario Cuomo
775:339 Lafayette Street
644:Retirement community
629:Psychiatric hospital
437:Society and politics
2851:U.S. Virgin Islands
2140:421-a tax exemption
2063:NYPD Housing Bureau
1429:10.5565/rev/dag.538
1385:Watts, Rob (2019).
1352:Columbia Law Review
1294:Columbia Law Review
1201:. 17 October 1959.
831:Black Panther Party
215:(travellers' hotel)
42:501(c) organization
18:
2982:Subsidized housing
2926:Housing insecurity
2456:The City We Became
2219:The Bowery Mission
1733:Town & Village
1654:The New York Times
1592:The New York Times
1249:The New York Times
1199:The New York Times
1095:The New York Times
1073:The New York Times
675:Housing portal
654:Supportive housing
469:Real estate bubble
389:Subsidized housing
354:Housing inequality
80:Executive Director
3037:
3036:
2950:Mortgage industry
2521:
2520:
2405:Stanley M. Isaacs
2385:Joseph DeFilippis
2342:Operation Move-In
2199:Ali Forney Center
2183:
2182:
2098:Callahan v. Carey
1694:10.54825/PBMX2233
1487:978-1-78348-335-8
1462:978-0-252-03818-1
1396:978-1-351-03956-7
937:intersectionality
827:Operation Move-In
713:
712:
364:Luxury apartments
284:Executive housing
89:
88:
3072:
3017:Parking mandates
2970:Right to housing
2856:Washington, D.C.
2548:
2541:
2534:
2525:
2426:Dark Days (film)
2400:Rosanne Haggerty
2370:Florence M. Rice
2121:New Law Tenement
2117:Old Law Tenement
2081:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1989:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1938:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1760:. Archived from
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1289:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1191:
1180:
1179:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1122:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1086:
1077:
1076:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1011:
1005:
1004:
981:Feminist Studies
976:
905:Tenant/Inquilino
705:
698:
691:
673:
672:
671:
659:Supported living
634:Residential care
609:Natural building
589:Homeless shelter
494:Right to housing
459:Rapid Re-Housing
414:Sustainable city
384:Subprime lending
369:Ownership equity
114:
91:
19:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3060:Rent regulation
3040:
3039:
3038:
3033:
2860:
2819:
2558:
2552:
2522:
2517:
2491:
2460:
2409:
2357:
2351:
2332:Gowanus Batcave
2317:Charas/El Bohio
2294:
2288:
2214:Breaking Ground
2191:
2189:
2179:
2132:
2126:
2085:
2072:
2025:
2019:
2016:
1986:
1985:
1976:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1921:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1854:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1791:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1737:
1735:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1364:10.2307/1121210
1349:
1348:
1344:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1306:10.2307/1120961
1291:
1290:
1283:
1276:The Indypendent
1269:
1268:
1264:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1193:
1192:
1183:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1013:
1012:
1008:
978:
977:
954:
949:
933:
913:
889:
870:
823:
800:
788:
783:
771:
742:
733:
725:rent regulation
709:
680:
679:
678:
669:
667:
664:
663:
649:Retirement home
599:Local community
539:Assisted living
528:
520:
519:
518:
489:Rent regulation
449:Housing subsidy
438:
430:
429:
428:
268:
260:
259:
258:
172:Housing project
122:
82:
68:
12:
11:
5:
3078:
3076:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3042:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2975:Slum clearance
2972:
2967:
2965:Homestead Acts
2957:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2941:Silicon Valley
2938:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2889:
2887:Home ownership
2884:
2879:
2874:
2868:
2866:
2865:Related topics
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2831:American Samoa
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2765:South Carolina
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2730:North Carolina
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2451:Rent (musical)
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2395:Pauline Newman
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2365:Frances Goldin
2361:
2359:
2356:Housing rights
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2347:Umbrella House
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2327:Freedom Tunnel
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2298:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:NYC Loft Board
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1992:
1984:
1983:
1958:
1930:
1905:
1885:
1861:
1837:
1818:(6): 770–781.
1798:
1774:
1744:
1720:
1700:
1687:(2): 137–152.
1667:
1640:
1621:(1): 178–199.
1605:
1578:
1567:. p. 11.
1565:New York Times
1555:
1542:New York Times
1532:
1513:(4): 469–486.
1493:
1486:
1468:
1461:
1435:
1422:(1): 199–201.
1402:
1395:
1377:
1342:
1329:New York Times
1319:
1281:
1262:
1235:
1222:New York Times
1212:
1181:
1168:New York Times
1158:
1137:10.1086/493794
1131:(2): 230–247.
1108:
1078:
1056:
1033:
1022:(4): 493–495.
1006:
987:(2): 387–415.
951:
950:
948:
945:
932:
929:
912:
909:
888:
885:
869:
866:
822:
819:
799:
796:
787:
784:
782:
779:
770:
767:
747:Frances Goldin
741:
738:
732:
729:
711:
710:
708:
707:
700:
693:
685:
682:
681:
665:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
569:Green building
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
530:
529:
526:
525:
522:
521:
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
359:Home ownership
356:
351:
349:Overpopulation
346:
344:Housing stress
341:
336:
334:Housing crisis
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
289:Environmental:
286:
281:
276:
270:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
224:Public housing
221:
216:
210:
205:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
139:
134:
124:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
107:
106:
100:
99:
87:
86:
83:
78:
75:
74:
69:
67:Region served
66:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
39:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
23:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3077:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:Organizations
2953:
2951:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2936:San Francisco
2934:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:West Virginia
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:New Hampshire
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2670:Massachusetts
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2446:Project Lives
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2293:Squatting and
2291:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2254:Open New York
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:Housing Works
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2192:organizations
2186:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:1982 Loft Law
2143:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2129:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2022:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1920:
1919:Workers World
1916:
1909:
1906:
1895:
1889:
1886:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1764:on 2019-11-16
1763:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1734:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1389:. Routledge.
1388:
1381:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1109:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1053:(4): 953–974.
1052:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
953:
946:
944:
942:
938:
930:
928:
926:
922:
918:
910:
908:
906:
901:
899:
893:
886:
884:
882:
877:
875:
867:
865:
861:
858:
854:
853:Mayor Lindsay
849:
848:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
820:
818:
816:
812:
807:
805:
797:
795:
793:
785:
780:
778:
776:
768:
766:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
739:
737:
730:
728:
726:
722:
721:New York City
718:
706:
701:
699:
694:
692:
687:
686:
684:
683:
677:
676:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
579:Halfway house
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
549:Cottage homes
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
531:
524:
523:
515:
512:
510:
509:Tenants union
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
444:Housing First
442:
441:
434:
433:
425:
422:
420:
419:Toxic hotspot
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
274:Affordability
272:
271:
264:
263:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
214:
211:
209:
206:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
177:Human outpost
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
137:semi-detached
135:
133:
129:
126:
125:
118:
117:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:Living spaces
101:
97:
93:
92:
85:Darius Gordon
84:
81:
76:
73:
72:New York City
70:
64:
61:
60:New York City
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
20:
2892:Homelessness
2872:Architecture
2770:South Dakota
2760:Rhode Island
2755:Pennsylvania
2735:North Dakota
2390:Mitch Snyder
2295:homesteading
2243:
2190:governmental
1975:. Retrieved
1971:
1961:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:
1922:. Retrieved
1918:
1908:
1897:. Retrieved
1888:
1877:. Retrieved
1873:
1864:
1853:. Retrieved
1849:
1840:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1790:. Retrieved
1786:
1777:
1766:. Retrieved
1762:the original
1757:
1747:
1736:. Retrieved
1732:
1723:
1712:. Retrieved
1703:
1684:
1680:
1670:
1653:
1643:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1591:
1581:
1564:
1558:
1541:
1535:
1510:
1506:
1496:
1477:
1471:
1444:
1438:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1386:
1380:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1328:
1322:
1297:
1293:
1275:
1265:
1248:
1238:
1221:
1215:
1198:
1167:
1161:
1128:
1124:
1111:
1094:
1072:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1019:
1015:
1009:
984:
980:
934:
925:Andrew Cuomo
921:rent strikes
914:
904:
902:
894:
890:
878:
871:
862:
850:
846:
843:
824:
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792:Robert Moses
789:
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763:
751:Marie Runyon
743:
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666:
614:Nursing home
499:Rent control
399:architecture
394:Sustainable:
329:Homelessness
319:Fair housing
56:Headquarters
48:Legal status
22:Abbreviation
2992:Segregation
2846:Puerto Rico
2685:Mississippi
2600:Connecticut
2421:City Limits
2322:Dos Blockos
2077:Legislation
941:Vietnam War
915:During the
874:Sierra Club
835:Young Lords
759:Major Owens
564:Foster care
504:Rent strike
404:development
324:Healthiness
249:Shanty town
204:(live-work)
197:Condominium
25:Met Council
3044:Categories
2931:California
2897:California
2824:Non-states
2800:Washington
2720:New Mexico
2715:New Jersey
2590:California
2380:Jesse Gray
2307:ABC No Rio
2024:Government
1977:2020-04-13
1952:2020-04-13
1924:2019-11-16
1899:2019-11-16
1879:2019-11-16
1855:2019-11-16
1792:2019-11-16
1768:2019-11-16
1738:2019-11-16
1714:2019-11-16
1709:"About R3"
947:References
839:I Wor Kuen
574:Group home
559:Ecovillage
554:Eco-cities
167:Green home
2997:Squatting
2810:Wisconsin
2775:Tennessee
2680:Minnesota
2655:Louisiana
2358:activists
1972:Curbed NY
1947:Curbed NY
1832:158961520
1758:Gothamist
1662:110600337
1600:123902158
1573:119241787
1550:119307717
1527:147615850
1337:115378814
1257:848065351
1207:114872837
1176:121758184
1153:144940583
1103:116452575
619:Orphanage
604:Log house
484:Redlining
234:Flophouse
147:Apartment
30:Formation
2909:Colorado
2882:Eviction
2795:Virginia
2745:Oklahoma
2725:New York
2700:Nebraska
2690:Missouri
2675:Michigan
2665:Maryland
2650:Kentucky
2630:Illinois
2605:Delaware
2595:Colorado
2585:Arkansas
2496:See also
2131:New York
2084:New York
2026:agencies
1658:ProQuest
1596:ProQuest
1569:ProQuest
1546:ProQuest
1333:ProQuest
1253:ProQuest
1230:91710077
1226:ProQuest
1203:ProQuest
1172:ProQuest
1099:ProQuest
1028:40402921
1001:89186279
997:ProQuest
993:40607974
769:Location
731:Founding
594:Hospital
544:Boomtown
424:Vagrancy
314:Eviction
299:planning
192:Tenement
162:Ecohouse
152:Bungalow
142:terraced
132:detached
96:a series
94:Part of
2914:Florida
2877:Economy
2815:Wyoming
2790:Vermont
2695:Montana
2635:Indiana
2615:Georgia
2610:Florida
2580:Arizona
2570:Alabama
2312:C-Squat
1372:1121210
1314:1120961
1145:3173924
182:I-house
157:Cottage
3002:Zoning
2987:Racism
2960:Policy
2750:Oregon
2705:Nevada
2645:Kansas
2620:Hawaii
2575:Alaska
2563:States
2465:Events
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851:After
837:, and
833:, the
624:Prison
409:living
374:Permit
304:racism
294:design
267:Issues
219:Castle
213:Hostel
51:Active
3027:YIMBY
3012:NIMBY
2780:Texas
2660:Maine
2625:Idaho
2414:Media
2188:Non-/
2086:State
1828:S2CID
1631:JSTOR
1523:S2CID
1368:JSTOR
1310:JSTOR
1149:S2CID
1141:JSTOR
1121:(PDF)
1024:JSTOR
989:JSTOR
911:2020s
887:2010s
868:1980s
821:1970s
798:1960s
786:1950s
527:Other
514:YIMBY
454:NIMBY
254:Villa
239:Shack
229:Squat
208:Hotel
187:Ranch
128:House
2836:Guam
2785:Utah
2740:Ohio
2640:Iowa
2133:City
1482:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1391:ISBN
715:The
379:Rent
244:Slum
121:Main
38:Type
33:1959
1820:doi
1689:doi
1623:doi
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