1920:
1899:
1253:
1919:
1127:
1097:
707:. According to the official biography of Żymierski, published anonymously in 1986, in February 1940 an underground civil court composed of anti-Piłsudski activists considered the 1927 arrest and sentencing of Żymierski as unjust and rehabilitated him. The civil court was probably unaware that Żymierski was then an agent of the NKVD, and the court's decision had no legal significance and force in the light of the applicable criminal law of the Second Polish Republic, as the only judicial authorities that could acquit Żymierski under the conditions of the occupation was the judicial system operating from May 1940.
1007:
1052:
239:
1321:
1082:
1170:
977:
962:
221:
1142:
932:
1456:
263:
251:
1037:
1022:
947:
920:
1156:
1476:
1892:
1067:
1437:
1422:
904:
892:
1410:
876:
1906:
1398:
1359:
992:
36:
1913:
1340:
1996:
461:
1378:
1112:
664:
859:
1194:
1927:
1879:
2133:
684:
568:
1582:
W 1927 roku wyszły na światło dzienne malwersacje, jakich Żymierski dokonał w okresie sprawowania funkcji ministerialnej. Podczas procesu udowodniono mu popełnienie nadużyć i przyjęcie korzyści majątkowych. Niezawisły sąd skazał go prawomocnie na degradację, wydalenie z wojska i 5 lat więzienia.
1223:
1288:
1583:
Translation: "In 1927, the embezzlement that Żymierski made during his ministerial office came to light. During the trial, he was found to have committed abuses and accepted financial benefits. An independent court sentenced him to final degradation, expulsion and 5 years in prison."
2372:
1209:
1298:
1268:
1238:
754:
1258:
1273:
1243:
591:
as the Deputy Chief of
Administration of the Polish Army. Żymierski was appointed deputy head of the Army Administration for Armaments, where he was responsible for finances and purchases of military equipment at the Ministry of Military Affairs.
2197:
1283:
761:
On June 15, 1945, when the controversy over establishing the border with
Czechoslovakia intensified, Żymierski, replacing the absent prime minister, issued an ultimatum to the Czechoslovak side. After its rejection, Polish troops entered
1539:
on 1989, city councils of
Bielsko-Biała, Kraków, Włocławek, Płock and Chełm passed resolutions that declared the withdrawal of Żymierski's honorary citizenship because of his role in implementing the communist regime in Poland.
2302:
2297:
2277:
2027:
2262:
627:
charged him with bribery and embezzlement. Following an official investigation, he was court-martialled and demoted to private first class, expelled from the army and sentenced to five years in prison.
2247:
2272:
2257:
607:"A very good officer of the General Staff in the higher commands, talented, very dutiful, very active, excellent educator of the officer corps, very good administrator, with great initiative."
2327:
2167:
1102:
2312:
2282:
2332:
1303:
2307:
2036:
2337:
2287:
2020:
1609:
2292:
1042:
1027:
2252:
2212:
2357:
2202:
2013:
738:
2362:
1659:
Alojzy
Zielecki (2006). "Polish independence movement in Sanok and the region against the backdrop of national events at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries".
2267:
2207:
2177:
1057:
220:
2232:
2182:
1252:
640:
1161:
2342:
2187:
1859:
443:, where he graduated from the school of reserve officers. After his brother committed a widely publicised murder-robbery in Kraków, he began to call himself
632:
later claimed that accusing Żymierski of corruption was a kind of political revenge on the part of Józef Piłsudski and was supposed to indirectly discredit
2322:
937:
703:). He unsuccessfully applied for return to the army. In the fall of 1939, he obtained false documents in the name of Zwoliński which he used it during the
580:
2367:
2237:
1898:
2347:
2317:
2242:
2352:
1096:
519:
in May 1918, he served in command positions in the Polish
Military Organization in Russia. He was the commander of the 2nd Infantry Regiment in the
1126:
730:
1569:
484:, where on October 23, 1914 he was seriously wounded. In the summer of 1915, after his promotion to the rank of major, he served as commander of
651:. His secret engagement with Moscow was discontinued when Stalin ordered the dissolution of the Polish Communist Party (KPP) in 1938 during the
1797:
846:
He died in Warsaw on 15 October 1989 and was the last person to hold the rank of
Marshal of Poland. He was buried with full military honors at
812:, Żymierski was arrested in 1952. However, he was released in 1955 without any charges. He was rehabilitated by the Polish government in 1956.
552:
50:
2227:
774:
2162:
1133:
1072:
535:. In March 1919, he was appointed commander of the Ciechanów Military District. In August 1919, in connection with the outbreak of the
492:
of 1917, he retired from the Austro-Hungarian army with rank of lieutenant colonel and returned to Kraków, where he graduated from the
797:. Until 1949, he also held the post of Minister of National Defence. In this year, he was replaced by the Polish-born Soviet Marshal,
539:, he became the head of the branch of the Supreme Command for the Silesian Uprising with the task of managing the insurgent action in
2172:
1831:
1825:
1326:
1087:
596:
2192:
1852:
1427:
828:
734:
393:
206:
2122:
1006:
1228:
967:
599:, in his memoirs written in exile succinctly commented on his economic talents. In his 1921 opinion about Żymierski, Marshal
1051:
1577:
1481:
733:
back to the rank of
General and became the commander-in-chief of the Polish Army fighting alongside the Soviet Union (the
644:
469:
285:
711:
1345:
1320:
1147:
847:
485:
2217:
1845:
1442:
1169:
1081:
952:
704:
520:
477:
473:
268:
182:
1141:
961:
910:
767:
616:
313:
112:
1175:
648:
512:
192:
73:
1455:
931:
503:, he was the initiator of the rebellion of 2nd Legion Brigade and its breakthrough through the front during the
2222:
982:
786:
1954:
976:
633:
600:
199:
2082:
1364:
1155:
1012:
816:
567:
536:
436:
1036:
1021:
946:
919:
721:. In 1943, by Soviet executive order, he was named the deputy commander of the Communist and Soviet-backed
2097:
2072:
2062:
2047:
1972:
798:
256:
126:
700:
1632:
1589:
1475:
836:
440:
278:
2087:
1936:
1066:
699:
at the onset of World War II, and soon resumed his clandestine work for the NKVD (as revealed first by
624:
504:
80:
1905:
1891:
663:
515:
following his promotion to the rank of colonel. After the corps was disarmed by the
Germans after the
2157:
2152:
2117:
2092:
1624:
1436:
1421:
903:
891:
2077:
2067:
2057:
1912:
1536:
1409:
1222:
875:
832:
583:. He then completed an internship at the French General Staff. Upon his return, he was promoted to
516:
439:
in 1910, but was drafted a year later. In the years 1911–1912, he served compulsory service in the
432:
292:
35:
1397:
1358:
991:
2112:
801:, who received the rank of Marshal of Poland and held his office until 1956. As a consequence of
785:
and non-communist politicians, as well as for the deployment of the Polish Army against Poland's
696:
688:
668:
424:
809:
481:
95:
1339:
1289:
Jubilee Medal "In
Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"
1995:
1981:
1868:
1664:
790:
672:
612:
544:
404:
364:
360:
336:
23:
745:, January–June 1945). On 3 May 1945, he was promoted to the rank of Marshal of Poland.
2107:
1500:
1384:
1199:
882:
782:
556:
496:. He later became the commander of the 2nd Infantry Regiment in the Polish Auxiliary Corps.
460:
1208:
2005:
1645:
1602:
1462:
1377:
1330:
1111:
815:
After the end of
Stalinism in Poland, he held various posts, including deputy head of the
763:
676:
500:
388:
244:
162:
1504:
508:
1297:
1267:
1237:
1945:
1757:
1368:
1214:
997:
858:
722:
548:
346:
299:
1744:
Polacy w II wojnie światowej: kim byli, co robili. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza "Rytm"
753:
2146:
1466:
778:
770:. The order was quickly suspended by a decision of the Polish political authorities.
718:
540:
107:
1528:
1117:
2102:
726:
629:
400:
368:
306:
2373:
Recipients of the Medal of the 40th Anniversary of the People's Republic of Poland
1193:
1926:
652:
532:
489:
356:
392:; 4 September 1890 – 15 October 1989) was a Polish high-ranking
1520:
1485:
1668:
2052:
1878:
1532:
1524:
1259:
Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
1244:
Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
802:
683:
2132:
1282:
1274:
Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
850:
in Warsaw. Żymierski's grave was desecrated twice by unknown perpetrators.
420:
158:
1573:
1516:
1512:
1508:
428:
1103:
Medal "For Participation in the Fights in Defense of the People's Power"
639:
Upon his release in 1931, Żymierski went to France. He was recruited by
1349:
827:, an organisation of Polish war veterans). He was also a member of the
794:
715:
620:
584:
555:. For his performance during this phase of the war, he was awarded the
1837:
1388:
839:, Żymierski also became a member of its Central Committee and of the
820:
643:
and became a well-paid secret agent delivering information about the
588:
427:, to the family of railway clerk, Wojciech Łyżwiński. He joined the
178:
2198:
Members of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party
571:Żymierski as deputy head of the administration of Polish Army (1924)
1625:"Michał Rola-Żymierski. Honorowy Obywatel Miasta (tytuł odebrany)"
1446:
857:
805:
766:. Żymierski announced the further advance of Polish troops beyond
752:
682:
576:
566:
511:. After the front had passed, he became the chief of staff of the
472:. He initially served as a company and battalion commander of the
459:
1798:
Niechciani honorowi obywatele. Miasta zmagają się z przeszłością
397:
2009:
1841:
1403:
Officer of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (France)
507:. Then he handed over the command of this formation to General
1415:
Knight of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (France)
1499:Żymierski received the title of 'Honorary Citizen' of cities
551:. He served as the commander of the 2nd Brigade and then the
695:Żymierski returned to Poland shortly before the Nazi-Soviet
2278:
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 1st class
925:
Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1925)
2303:
Recipients of the Order of the Builders of People's Poland
435:. At the age of 20, he enrolled at the law faculty of the
407:, and served in this position from 1945 until his death.
2298:
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta (1944–1989)
777:. He was responsible for repressions against the former
615:, he defended the democratically elected government of
2263:
Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari
1162:
Gold Medal "For Merit for the National Defense League"
819:(between 1956 and 1967) and the honorary head of the
2248:
People of the Polish May Coup (pro-government side)
789:fighters; and the roundup of Ukrainian families in
352:
342:
332:
322:
274:
232:
227:
215:
188:
168:
141:
136:
120:
101:
89:
67:
49:
21:
1814:Red Eagle: The army in Polish politics 1944-1988.
595:One of his subordinates and later Prime Minister
2328:Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
2168:People from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
1304:Medal "For Strengthening of Brotherhood in Arms"
1043:Medal of the 40th Anniversary of People's Poland
1028:Medal of the 30th Anniversary of People's Poland
739:Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland
468:When World War I erupted in 1914, he joined the
2283:Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta
547:, he took over a section of the front near the
2333:Commanders of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
2273:Recipients of the Virtuti Militari (1943–1989)
862:Żymierski's grave at Powązki Military Cemetery
710:Under the pseudonym "Rola", he engaged in the
2308:Recipients of the Order of the Banner of Work
2021:
1853:
1729:Świderska "Jakub Berman. Biografia komunisty"
1608:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
825:Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy
8:
2338:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion
2313:Recipients of the Order of the People's Hero
2288:Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta
2258:École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr alumni
1580:. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30.
1443:Grand Officer of Order of the Crown of Italy
897:Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari (1921)
773:From 1946, Żymierski served as head of the
2293:Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
2028:
2014:
2006:
1886:
1860:
1846:
1838:
729:. He was promoted by the Communist-backed
675:and Michał Rola-Żymierski standing on the
40:Michał Rola-Żymierski as Marshal of Poland
34:
18:
2253:Polish military personnel of World War II
743:Rząd Tymczasowy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
396:leader, communist military commander and
938:Order of the Builders of People's Poland
662:
111:(as Minister of National Defence of the
2358:Chief Commanders of the Legion of Merit
2203:Ministers of national defence of Poland
2037:Ministers of National Defence of Poland
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1058:Medal "For Oder, Neisse and the Baltic"
731:Polish Committee of National Liberation
499:In February 1918, after the signing of
1641:
1630:
1598:
1587:
1385:National Order of the Legion of Honour
63:5 July 1945 – 6 November 1949
2268:Grand Crosses of the Virtuti Militari
2208:Members of the State National Council
2178:Communist Party of Poland politicians
1832:Sprawa karna Michała Żymierskiego (3)
1826:Sprawa karna Michała Żymierskiego (2)
737:). He was Minister of Defence in the
581:École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr
464:Żymierski during the First World War
387:
7:
2363:Burials at Powązki Military Cemetery
2233:Polish Military Organisation members
2213:Members of the Polish Sejm 1947–1952
2343:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour
2188:Collaborators with the Soviet Union
1346:Commander of the Order of the Crown
1134:Medal of Merit for National Defence
619:. After the coup, in 1927, the new
2323:Recipients of the Order of Victory
725:, and from 1944, the commander of
14:
2368:Prisoners and detainees of Poland
2238:Polish legionnaires (World War I)
2183:Polish Workers' Party politicians
1714:Marszałek Polski Michał Żymierski
1697:Jaroslaw Palka; Jerzy Poksiński.
1682:Jaroslaw Palka; Jerzy Poksiński.
2348:Officers of the Legion of Honour
2318:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
2243:Polish Auxiliary Corps personnel
2131:
1994:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1877:
1474:
1454:
1435:
1420:
1408:
1396:
1376:
1357:
1338:
1319:
1296:
1281:
1266:
1251:
1236:
1221:
1207:
1192:
1168:
1154:
1140:
1125:
1110:
1095:
1080:
1065:
1050:
1035:
1020:
1005:
990:
975:
960:
945:
930:
918:
902:
890:
874:
389:[ˈmixawˈrɔlaʐɨˈmjɛrskʲi]
261:
249:
237:
219:
2353:Knights of the Legion of Honour
1699:"Michael Żymierski 1890 - 1989"
1684:"Michael Żymierski 1890 - 1989"
1568:Informacja historyczna (2012).
735:Polish Armed Forces in the East
1758:""Michał Żymierski 1890-1989""
1570:"Michał Żymierski (1890–1989)"
1229:Order of Friendship of Peoples
968:Order of the Cross of Grunwald
575:After the war, he was sent to
531:In 1918, he joined the reborn
1:
1623:Prof. Jacek Wijaczka (2016).
553:2nd Legions Infantry Division
1088:Medal of Victory and Freedom
1073:Medal "For Warsaw 1939-1945"
829:Polish United Workers' Party
775:Commission of State Security
486:Polish Military Organisation
207:Polish United Workers' Party
51:Minister of National Defence
2228:Polish Rifle Squads members
1742:Paweł Dubiel; Józef Kozak.
953:Order of the Banner of Work
705:German occupation of Poland
597:Felicjan Sławoj Składkowski
480:and in the vicinity of the
478:Battle of Laski and Anielin
2389:
1578:Instytut Pamięci Narodowej
1482:Order of the People's Hero
911:Order of Polonia Restituta
768:Olza, Silesian Voivodeship
687:Rola-Żymierski during the
579:, where he graduated from
476:. Żymierski fought in the
113:Polish government-in-exile
2129:
2123:Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz
2043:
1992:
1884:
1875:
1202:(No. 17 – 9 August 1945)
985:, four times (1921,1922)
848:Powązki Military Cemetery
649:Communist Party of Poland
521:4th Polish Rifle Division
513:Polish II Corps in Russia
374:
193:Communist Party of Poland
132:
56:
45:
33:
2173:Polish Austro-Hungarians
1537:communist rule in Poland
1535:. Following the fall of
1148:Medal of Ludwik Waryński
787:Freedom and Independence
415:Rola-Żymierski was born
269:Polish People's Republic
183:Polish People's Republic
2193:Politicide perpetrators
2163:Politicians from Kraków
1627:. Urząd Miasta Torunia.
1461:Chief Commander of the
1428:Victory Medal 1914-1918
1365:Order of the White Lion
1327:Order of the Iron Crown
1013:Silesian Uprising Cross
841:Front of National Unity
817:National Bank of Poland
808:organised in Poland by
617:Stanisław Wojciechowski
537:First Silesian Uprising
437:Jagiellonian University
365:1926 Polish Coup d'Etat
314:People's Army of Poland
1640:Cite journal requires
1597:Cite journal requires
863:
799:Konstantin Rokossovsky
758:
757:Żymierski in the 1950s
692:
680:
645:Franco-Polish alliance
609:
587:. Żymierski served in
572:
465:
403:. He was appointed as
257:Second Polish Republic
127:Konstantin Rokossovsky
74:Edward Osóbka-Morawski
1973:Konstanty Rokossowski
1964:Michał Rola-Żymierski
1785:Towarzysze Niejasnego
861:
837:martial law in Poland
756:
686:
666:
605:
570:
494:Kraków Trading School
463:
441:Austro-Hungarian Army
431:and later joined the
381:Michał Rola-Żymierski
323:Years of service
279:Austro-Hungarian Army
200:Polish Workers' Party
28:Michał Rola-Żymierski
2083:Bronisław Komorowski
2073:Stanisław Dobrzański
1764:. September 25, 2015
2098:Aleksander Szczygło
2078:Janusz Onyszkiewicz
2063:Piotr Kołodziejczyk
2058:Janusz Onyszkiewicz
2048:Piotr Kołodziejczyk
1731:. pp. 166–168.
1383:Grand Cross of the
970:, 1st class (1945)
955:, 1st class (1964)
909:Grand Cross of the
881:Grand Cross of the
835:'s introduction of
833:Wojciech Jaruzelski
779:resistance fighters
641:Soviet intelligence
433:Polish Rifle Squads
2218:Marshals of Poland
2113:Antoni Macierewicz
2088:Jerzy Szmajdziński
1955:Edward Rydz-Śmigły
1869:Marshals of Poland
1812:Andrew A. Michta,
1787:. pp. 29, 37.
864:
854:Honours and awards
759:
697:invasion of Poland
693:
689:Potsdam Conference
681:
669:Karol Świerczewski
634:Władysław Sikorski
623:regime of Marshal
601:Edward Rydz-Śmigły
573:
505:Battle of Rarańcza
466:
425:Austrian Partition
81:Józef Cyrankiewicz
2140:
2139:
2118:Mariusz Błaszczak
2093:Radosław Sikorski
2003:
2002:
1989:
1988:
1982:Marian Spychalski
1716:. pp. 88–89.
1712:Wydawnictwo MON.
1492:
1491:
1309:
1308:
1182:
1181:
791:Operation Vistula
781:, members of the
714:with Nazi German
673:Marian Spychalski
545:Polish-Soviet War
527:Polish-Soviet war
405:Marshal of Poland
378:
377:
361:Polish-Soviet War
337:Marshal of Poland
318:
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
211:
204:
197:
116:
91:General Secretary
85:
78:
16:Marshal of Poland
2380:
2135:
2108:Tomasz Siemoniak
2068:Zbigniew Okoński
2030:
2023:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1839:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1783:Piotr Lipiński.
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1565:
1495:Honorary Citizen
1478:
1458:
1439:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1380:
1361:
1342:
1323:
1316:
1315:
1300:
1285:
1270:
1255:
1240:
1225:
1211:
1200:Order of Victory
1196:
1189:
1188:
1176:Wound Decoration
1172:
1158:
1144:
1129:
1114:
1099:
1084:
1069:
1054:
1039:
1024:
1009:
994:
979:
964:
949:
934:
922:
906:
894:
883:Virtuti Militari
878:
871:
870:
783:Polish 2nd Corps
647:. He joined the
613:1926 coup d'état
557:Virtuti Militari
517:Battle of Kaniów
417:Michał Łyżwiński
391:
386:
316:
309:
302:
295:
288:
281:
267:
265:
264:
255:
253:
252:
243:
241:
240:
228:Military service
223:
209:
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156:4 September 1890
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146:Michał Łyżwiński
137:Personal details
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2223:Polish generals
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2039:
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2004:
1999:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
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1937:Józef Piłsudski
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1807:Further reading
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1463:Legion of Merit
1331:Austria-Hungary
1312:Other countries
983:Cross of Valour
856:
810:Bolesław Bierut
764:Cieszyn Silesia
751:
712:Soviet dealings
677:Lusatian Neisse
661:
625:Józef Piłsudski
565:
529:
501:Treaty of Brest
482:Dęblin Fortress
458:
453:
451:Military career
413:
394:Communist Party
384:
367:
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1820:External links
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1746:. p. 199.
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719:secret police
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541:Upper Silesia
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108:Marian Kukiel
106:
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2103:Bogdan Klich
1980:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1813:
1793:
1784:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1761:
1752:
1743:
1737:
1728:
1727:Anna Sobór.
1722:
1713:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1683:
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1660:
1654:
1633:cite journal
1618:
1590:cite journal
1581:
1498:
845:
840:
824:
814:
793:against the
772:
760:
742:
727:Armia Ludowa
709:
694:
659:World War II
638:
630:Karol Popiel
610:
606:
594:
574:
530:
509:Józef Haller
498:
493:
488:. After the
467:
444:
416:
414:
401:secret agent
380:
379:
369:World War II
353:Battles/wars
174:(1989-10-15)
122:Succeeded by
58:
2158:1989 deaths
2153:1890 births
1834:at Palestra
1828:at Palestra
1663:: 199–200.
1118:Medal Rodła
831:and, after
691:in Germany.
653:Great Purge
611:During the
533:Polish Army
490:Oath Crisis
474:1st Brigade
456:World War I
357:World War I
317:(1944–1989)
303:(1942–1944)
296:(1919–1927)
293:Polish Army
289:(1914–1919)
282:(1911–1914)
210:(1948–1989)
203:(1943–1948)
196:(1931–1938)
103:Preceded by
84:(1947–1949)
77:(1945–1947)
2147:Categories
1768:August 29,
1544:References
1503:, Kraków,
1486:Yugoslavia
423:under the
411:Early life
385:pronounced
233:Allegiance
152:1890-09-04
2053:Jan Parys
1762:dzieje.pl
1669:0557-2096
1533:Sosnowiec
1525:Bydgoszcz
1505:Włocławek
1430:(France)
803:Stalinist
667:Generals
559:V class.
445:Żymierski
328:1942–1949
326:1911–1927
216:Signature
59:In office
1574:Warszawa
749:Post-war
563:Post war
429:Zarzewie
343:Commands
1529:Łęczyca
1521:Kłodzko
1350:Belgium
1291:(1969)
1276:(1985)
1261:(1975)
1246:(1965)
1231:(1973)
1120:(1987)
1105:(1983)
1090:(1945)
1075:(1945)
1060:(1945)
1045:(1984)
1030:(1974)
1015:(1947)
1000:(1946)
940:(1970)
913:(1946)
885:(1945)
795:OUN-UPA
716:Gestapo
621:sanacja
603:wrote:
585:General
24:Marshal
1667:
1389:France
867:Poland
821:ZBoWiD
806:purges
679:river.
589:Warsaw
421:Kraków
310:(1944)
266:
254:
242:
179:Warsaw
159:Kraków
1517:Toruń
1513:Chełm
1509:Płock
1447:Italy
1132:Gold
577:Paris
1770:2021
1665:ISSN
1646:help
1610:link
1603:help
1531:and
1185:USSR
398:NKVD
333:Rank
169:Died
142:Born
419:in
2149::
1760:.
1637::
1635:}}
1631:{{
1594::
1592:}}
1588:{{
1576::
1572:.
1552:^
1527:,
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843:.
671:,
655:.
636:.
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181:,
161:,
2029:e
2022:t
2015:v
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1644:(
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1601:(
1484:(
1465:(
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1348:(
1329:(
823:(
741:(
383:(
154:)
150:(
115:)
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