218:
29:
405:
Michael broke into the
European territory of the Empire of Nicea in the spring of 1256. He pillaged Thrace near Constantinople, but the Nicene army defeated his Cuman troops. He asked his father-in-law to mediate a reconciliation between Bulgaria and Nicea in June. Theodore agreed to sign a peace
319:
on 2 June 1247. The charter of grant listed
Bulgaria among the countries against which the Hospitallers were to provide military assistance, evidencing Béla's plan to attack Bulgaria. Despite the tense relationship between Hungary and Bulgaria, Bulgarian troops assisted Vatatzes to invade the
366:, recorded that the Bulgarian-speaking local inhabitants supported Michael's invasion because they wanted to shake off the "yoke of those who spoke another language". To secure a peaceful relationship with Hungary, Michael married Anna of Macsó, who was the daughter of Béla IV's daughter,
390:, launched a counter-invasion in early 1255. When referring to the new war between Nicea and Bulgaria, Rubruck described Michael as "a mere lad whose power has been eroded" by the Mongols. Michael could not resist the invasion and the Nicene troops captured
296:, also broke into Bulgaria and occupied western Macedonia. The Bulgarians acknowledged Vatatzes's conquest in a peace treaty in late 1246 or in early 1247. The treaty also prescribed them to support Vatatzes against the
361:
Vatatzes died on 4 November 1254. Taking advantage of the absence of significant Nicene forces, Michael broke into
Macedonia and reconquered the lands lost to Vatatzes in 1246 or 1247. The Byzantine historian,
2444:
199:, Michael II Asen broke into Serbia in 1254, but he could not occupy Serbian territories. After Vatatzes died, he reconquered most territories lost to Nicea, but Vatatzes's son and successor,
330:
between 1253 and 1255, listed
Michael's realms ("Blakia—Assan's territory—and Little Bulgaria") among the countries paying tribute to the Mongols. Michael concluded an alliance with the
394:. It was only the harsh weather that prevented Theodore's army from continuing the invasion. The Nicene troops resumed their attack in the spring and occupied most fortresses in the
253:
Michael, who was only seven or eight, succeeded his half-brother. According to a scholarly theory, Michael's mother ruled
Bulgaria during his minority, but she stayed in
424:, was mortally wounded by his first cousin Kaliman, with the knowledge of certain inhabitants of , when was staying somewhere outside this town; he died immediately.
1956:
897:
406:
treaty only after
Michael acknowledged the loss of the lands that he had claimed for Bulgaria. The treaty determined the upper course of the river
2424:
1817:
1795:
1748:
1734:
1684:
1657:
236:. He was most probably born in 1239. His father, who died in the first half of 1241, was succeeded by Michael's seven-year-old half-brother,
2429:
410:
as the border between the two countries. The peace treaty outraged many boyars (noblemen) who decided to replace
Michael with his cousin,
367:
689:
1858:
1839:
1776:
1743:(Translated by Peter Jackson, Introduction, notes, and appendices by Peter Jackson and David Morgan) (2009). The Hakluyt Society.
2434:
1949:
2122:
402:
forced
Theodore to march towards the town, but he managed to defeat the rioters before returning to Asia Minor for the winter.
2269:
297:
203:, launched a successful counter-offensive, forcing Michael to sign a peace treaty. Shortly after the treaty, discontented
2414:
2279:
2294:
2205:
1942:
865:
411:
240:. Kaliman died unexpectedly (possibly of poisoning, according to contemporaneous rumors) in August or September 1246.
358:. According to a scholarly theory, a Hungarian attack against Bulgaria forced Michael to hastily return from Serbia.
2319:
2304:
2289:
2102:
2097:
1965:
289:
188:
2449:
2309:
2244:
2136:
1764:
2393:
2364:
2299:
2284:
923:
577:
269:
229:
222:
191:
invaded
Bulgaria shortly after Michael's ascension. Vatatzes captured the Bulgarian fortresses along the river
180:
120:
2383:
2378:
2353:
2314:
2175:
2161:
469:
158:
1741:
The
Mission of Friar William of Rubruck: His journey to the court of the Great Khan Möngke, 1253–1255
2216:
2210:
1973:
1926:
1032:
371:
233:
166:
130:
418:
Now the ruler of the Bulgarians, Michael, ... a man who nurtured a great hatred against and against the
2439:
2419:
2388:
2274:
2195:
1909:
351:
263:
237:
57:
1769:
The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest
308:
2249:
2170:
2082:
2072:
2067:
387:
200:
1729:(Translated with and Introduction and Commentary by Ruth Macrides) (2007). Oxford University Press.
2369:
2259:
2254:
2180:
2143:
2077:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
1982:
1916:
1144:
839:
316:
293:
39:
2239:
2092:
2037:
2007:
1987:
429:
363:
331:
323:
196:
142:
414:. Kaliman and his allies attacked the Tsar who died from his wounds in late 1256 or early 1257.
2264:
2185:
2150:
2087:
2027:
2022:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1854:
1835:
1813:
1810:
The Despotate of Epiros, 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages
1791:
1772:
1744:
1730:
1680:
1674:
1653:
1647:
395:
312:
273:
184:
2346:
2113:
2017:
1827:
399:
339:
281:
1649:
The Voices of Medieval Bulgaria, Seventh-Fifteenth Century: The Records of a Bygone Culture
2228:
67:
1788:
The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire, 1185–1280
257:
just three months after his coronation. According to another theory, his brother-in-law,
2330:
2222:
343:
217:
170:
28:
2408:
354:
joined the coalition, Michael launched a campaign against Serbia, reaching as far as
327:
259:
2190:
2129:
1877:
1805:
391:
355:
284:
with the support of the local inhabitants. He soon invaded the valley of the river
254:
162:
110:
1701:
350:
Peter ruled a large territory in Bulgaria almost independently of Michael. After
2234:
174:
195:; Michael of Epirus took possession of western Macedonia. In alliance with the
1997:
335:
1851:
Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365
420:
375:
2339:
2032:
407:
105:
1934:
285:
277:
192:
374:. A man and a woman depicted on an icon in the St Michael Church in
173:. His mother or other relative must have ruled Bulgaria during his
216:
205:
2042:
154:
1938:
378:
was wrongly associated with Michael and his wife (or mother).
276:, invaded Bulgaria soon after Kaliman's death. He captured
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1511:
1509:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1304:
1302:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
320:
Thracian territories of the Latin Empire in August 1247.
1580:
1578:
1484:
1482:
1703:
Srednovekovna Bŭlgarii︠a︡ v svetlinata na novi izvori
1319:
1317:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
2363:
2328:
2160:
2111:
1972:
126:
116:
104:
96:
88:
77:
73:
63:
53:
45:
38:
21:
2445:Bulgarian people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
153:1239 – December 1256/January 1257) was emperor (
416:
1950:
288:, and occupied all fortresses in the region.
161:from 1246 to 1256 or 1257. He was the son of
8:
1832:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1213:He is known in Bulgarian historiography as
266:, assumed the regency for the minor tsar.
1957:
1943:
1935:
1868:
454:
445:
18:
16:Emperor of Bulgaria from 1246 to 1256/1257
1633:
1460:
1293:
1609:
1569:
1548:
1515:
1500:
1448:
1417:
1405:
1388:
1364:
1340:
1308:
1258:
1246:
449:Ancestors of Michael II Asen of Bulgaria
1528:The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck
1377:The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck
1228:
1206:
1352:
1052:
1048:
1036:
939:
819:
815:
811:
801:
705:
597:
593:
581:
485:
463:
459:
1621:
1148:
1142:
1132:
1120:
1110:
1106:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1070:
1060:
1056:
1030:
1020:
1008:
998:
994:
982:
979:
969:
957:
947:
943:
927:
921:
911:
895:
885:
881:
869:
863:
853:
837:
827:
823:
795:
785:
773:
763:
759:
747:
745:
735:
723:
713:
709:
693:
687:
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665:
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651:
639:
637:
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615:
605:
601:
575:
565:
553:
543:
539:
527:
525:
515:
503:
493:
489:
473:
467:
7:
1771:. The University of Michigan Press.
1584:
1488:
1429:
1323:
1281:
1679:. TRUD Publishers. pp. 164–.
14:
346:, in 1254. The treaty shows that
169:. He succeeded his half-brother,
221:A monument to Michael's father,
27:
1646:Kiril Petkov (31 August 2008).
1853:. Cambridge University Press.
1812:. Cambridge University Press.
386:Vatatzes's son and successor,
298:Latin Empire of Constantinople
1:
1834:. Stanford University Press.
1706:. Nar. prosveta. p. 165.
1612:, pp. 81, 112, 221, 236.
209:(noblemen) murdered Michael.
150:
81:
2425:13th-century Bulgarian tsars
1786:Madgearu, Alexandru (2016).
2430:Murdered Bulgarian monarchs
798:Michael II Asen of Bulgaria
2466:
1050:
1042:
933:
817:
813:
699:
595:
587:
479:
461:
290:Michael II Komnenos Doukas
92:December 1256/January 1257
1923:
1914:
1906:
1901:
1871:
1126:
1108:
1100:
1076:
1058:
1054:
1014:
996:
988:
963:
945:
941:
905:
883:
875:
847:
825:
821:
779:
761:
753:
729:
711:
707:
671:
653:
645:
621:
603:
599:
559:
541:
533:
509:
491:
487:
146:
26:
1700:Vasil Gi͡uzelev (1981).
1673:Димитър Зафиров (2007).
1652:. BRILL. pp. 532–.
924:Theodore Komnenos Doukas
578:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
270:John III Doukas Vatatzes
230:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
223:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
181:John III Doukas Vatatzes
121:Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria
2435:Medieval child monarchs
1849:Vásáry, István (2005).
470:Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria
228:Michael was the son of
1530:(Epilogue 2.), p. 277.
1033:Irene Komnene Doukaina
438:
372:Rostislav Mikhailovich
234:Irene Komnene Doukaina
225:
167:Irene Komnene Doukaina
131:Irene Komnene Doukaina
33:Portrait, 14th century
2367:(1878–1908) and
220:
1725:George Akropolites:
1676:История на българите
1596:George Akropolites:
1472:George Akropolites:
1261:, pp. 225, 229.
980:13. Zoe Doukaina (?)
388:Theodore II Laskaris
338:in Croatia) against
201:Theodore II Laskaris
189:Michael II of Epirus
2415:13th-century births
2329:Rebels against the
2112:Rebels against the
1917:Emperor of Bulgaria
1503:, pp. 240–241.
1391:, pp. 233–234.
1367:, pp. 238–239.
1145:Maria Petraliphaina
866:John Angelos Doukas
840:Constantine Angelos
370:, and her husband,
317:Knights Hospitaller
40:Emperor of Bulgaria
2270:Theodore Svetoslav
1966:Bulgarian monarchs
1600:(ch. 73.), p. 334.
1476:(ch. 54.), p. 283.
1217:(Михаил II Асен).
430:George Akropolites
364:George Akropolites
332:Republic of Ragusa
326:, who visited the
324:William of Rubruck
309:Béla IV of Hungary
249:Territorial losses
226:
197:Republic of Ragusa
2402:
2401:
2372:(1908–1946)
2223:Constantine I Tih
2164:(1185–1422)
2151:Constantine Bodin
1933:
1932:
1924:Succeeded by
1828:Treadgold, Warren
1819:978-0-521-13089-9
1797:978-9-004-32501-2
1757:Secondary sources
1749:978-0-87220-981-7
1735:978-0-19-921067-1
1686:978-954-528-752-7
1659:978-90-04-16831-2
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
398:. A rebellion at
396:Rhodope Mountains
313:Banate of Severin
274:Emperor of Nicaea
185:Emperor of Nicaea
136:
135:
2457:
2450:Sons of emperors
2347:Ivan Shishman II
2280:Michael Asen III
2275:George Terter II
1976:(680–1018)
1959:
1952:
1945:
1936:
1907:Preceded by
1897:
1890:
1873:Michael II Asen
1869:
1864:
1845:
1823:
1806:Nicol, Donald M.
1801:
1782:
1765:Fine, John V. A.
1708:
1707:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1573:
1567:
1552:
1546:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1513:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1477:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1327:
1321:
1312:
1306:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1211:
898:Theodora Komnene
455:
446:
436:
152:
148:
83:
31:
19:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2368:
2359:
2324:
2295:Michael Asen IV
2250:George Terter I
2235:Michael Asen II
2229:Jacob Svetoslav
2206:Kaliman Asen II
2156:
2107:
1968:
1963:
1929:
1927:Kaliman Asen II
1920:
1912:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1861:
1848:
1842:
1826:
1820:
1804:
1798:
1785:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1721:
1719:Primary sources
1716:
1711:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1645:
1644:
1640:
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1628:
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1604:
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1576:
1568:
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1514:
1507:
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1487:
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1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
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1436:
1428:
1424:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1395:
1387:
1383:
1375:
1371:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1330:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1280:
1265:
1257:
1253:
1245:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1215:Michael II Asen
1208:
1204:
1199:
443:
437:
428:
384:
352:Radoslav of Hum
306:
251:
246:
215:
139:Michael II Asen
68:Kaliman Asen II
34:
22:Michael II Asen
17:
12:
11:
5:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2407:
2406:
2400:
2399:
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2373:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2335:
2333:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2320:Constantine II
2317:
2312:
2307:
2305:Ivan Sratsimir
2302:
2297:
2292:
2290:Ivan Alexander
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2201:Michael Asen I
2198:
2196:Kaliman Asen I
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2118:
2116:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2103:Ivan Vladislav
2100:
2098:Gavril Radomir
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1979:
1977:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1922:
1913:
1910:Kaliman Asen I
1908:
1904:
1903:
1902:Regnal titles
1899:
1898:
1875:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1859:
1846:
1840:
1824:
1818:
1802:
1796:
1783:
1777:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1738:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1692:
1685:
1665:
1658:
1638:
1636:, p. 660.
1634:Treadgold 1997
1626:
1624:, p. 252.
1614:
1602:
1589:
1587:, p. 170.
1574:
1572:, p. 243.
1553:
1551:, p. 242.
1532:
1520:
1518:, p. 241.
1505:
1493:
1491:, p. 159.
1478:
1465:
1463:, p. 730.
1461:Treadgold 1997
1453:
1451:, p. 240.
1434:
1432:, p. 201.
1422:
1420:, p. 245.
1410:
1408:, p. 239.
1393:
1381:
1379:(1.5.), p. 66.
1369:
1357:
1355:, p. 146.
1345:
1343:, p. 238.
1328:
1326:, p. 157.
1313:
1311:, p. 237.
1298:
1296:, p. 728.
1294:Treadgold 1997
1286:
1284:, p. 156.
1263:
1251:
1249:, p. 236.
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
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1173:
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1169:
1167:
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1156:
1155:
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1150:
1149:
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1141:
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1133:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
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1119:
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1115:
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1111:
1109:
1107:
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1061:
1059:
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1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1016:
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1010:
1009:
1007:
1004:
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1000:
999:
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993:
990:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
968:
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964:
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836:
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832:
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824:
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816:
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803:
802:
800:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:
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781:
780:
778:
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772:
769:
768:
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764:
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752:
749:
748:
746:
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741:
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734:
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730:
728:
725:
724:
722:
719:
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439:
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383:
380:
344:King of Serbia
305:
302:
250:
247:
245:
242:
214:
211:
171:Kaliman I Asen
147:Михаил II Асен
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
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79:
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71:
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58:Kaliman Asen I
55:
51:
50:
49:1246–1256/1257
47:
43:
42:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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2327:
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2318:
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2310:Ivan Shishman
2308:
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2256:
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2245:Ivan Asen III
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2169:
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2166:
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2162:Second Empire
2159:
2153:
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2014:
2011:
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1994:
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1955:
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1928:
1921:1246–1256/57
1919:
1918:
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1860:0-521-83756-1
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1841:0-8047-2630-2
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1610:Madgearu 2016
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1570:Madgearu 2016
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1449:Madgearu 2016
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1418:Madgearu 2016
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1389:Madgearu 2016
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1365:Madgearu 2016
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1341:Madgearu 2016
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1309:Madgearu 2016
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690:Elena-Evgenia
685:
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389:
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369:
365:
359:
357:
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349:
348:Sevastokrator
345:
341:
340:Stefan Uroš I
337:
333:
329:
328:Mongol Empire
325:
321:
318:
314:
310:
303:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
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260:Sevastokrator
256:
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144:
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115:
112:
109:
107:
103:
100:Anna of Macsó
99:
95:
91:
87:
80:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2440:Asen dynasty
2420:1250s deaths
2365:Principality
2354:Rostislav II
2352:
2345:
2338:
2300:Ivan Asen IV
2285:Ivan Stephen
2227:
2215:
2200:
2191:Ivan Asen II
2149:
2142:
2135:
2130:Petar Delyan
2128:
2121:
1974:First Empire
1915:
1893:
1886:
1883:
1878:Asen dynasty
1876:
1850:
1831:
1809:
1787:
1768:
1740:
1726:
1702:
1695:
1675:
1668:
1648:
1641:
1629:
1617:
1605:
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1592:
1527:
1523:
1496:
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1456:
1425:
1413:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1289:
1254:
1214:
1209:
797:
433:
419:
417:
412:Kaliman Asen
404:
392:Stara Zagora
385:
360:
356:Bijelo Polje
347:
322:
311:granted the
307:
268:
258:
255:Thessaloniki
252:
227:
204:
179:
163:Ivan Asen II
138:
137:
111:Asen dynasty
2384:Ferdinand I
2379:Alexander I
2315:Ivan Asen V
2217:Rostislav I
2176:Ivan Asen I
1727:The History
1598:The History
1474:The History
1353:Vásáry 2005
434:The History
292:, ruler of
280:and seized
54:Predecessor
2409:Categories
2211:Mitso Asen
2123:Presian II
2114:Byzantines
1622:Nicol 1984
1224:References
382:Last years
213:Early life
2394:Simeon II
2389:Boris III
2058:Presian I
1998:Kormisosh
1896:1256/1257
1790:. BRILL.
1585:Fine 1994
1489:Fine 1994
1430:Fine 1994
1324:Fine 1994
1282:Fine 1994
441:Ancestors
336:Dubrovnik
143:Bulgarian
64:Successor
2331:Ottomans
2171:Peter II
2083:Boris II
2073:Simeon I
2068:Vladimir
1830:(1997).
1808:(1984).
1767:(1994).
427:—
376:Kastoria
304:New wars
175:minority
159:Bulgaria
2370:Kingdom
2340:Fruzhin
2260:Ivan II
2255:Smilets
2181:Kaloyan
2144:Alusian
2137:Tihomir
2078:Peter I
2063:Boris I
2053:Malamir
2048:Omurtag
2033:Telerig
1983:Asparuh
1714:Sources
408:Maritsa
315:to the
238:Kaliman
2240:Ivaylo
2093:Samuel
2038:Kardam
2008:Telets
1988:Tervel
1892:
1857:
1838:
1816:
1794:
1775:
1747:
1733:
1683:
1656:
421:Romans
400:Melnik
294:Epirus
286:Vardar
282:Melnik
278:Serres
206:boyars
193:Vardar
187:, and
127:Mother
117:Father
97:Spouse
2265:Chaka
2186:Boril
2088:Roman
2028:Pagan
2023:Toktu
2013:Sabin
2003:Vineh
1993:Sevar
1894:Died:
1884:Born:
1202:Notes
334:(now
264:Peter
244:Reign
157:) of
106:House
46:Reign
2043:Krum
2018:Umor
1889:1239
1855:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1814:ISBN
1792:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1731:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1654:ISBN
896:25.
864:12.
838:24.
368:Anna
232:and
165:and
155:tsar
89:Died
84:1239
78:Born
1143:7.
1031:3.
922:6.
796:1.
688:5.
576:2.
468:4.
2411::
1887:c.
1577:^
1556:^
1535:^
1508:^
1481:^
1437:^
1396:^
1331:^
1316:^
1301:^
1266:^
1231:^
432::
342:,
300:.
272:,
183:,
177:.
151:c.
149:;
145::
82:c.
1958:e
1951:t
1944:v
1863:.
1844:.
1822:.
1800:.
1781:.
1751:.
1737:.
1689:.
1662:.
141:(
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