31:
368:(MRFs) at the time. Black and Rangarajan characterized the formal properties of robust functions that have an equivalent line-process form and provided a process to convert between these formulations (known now as "Black-Rangarajan Duality"). Black and colleagues applied these ideas to image denoising, anisotropic diffusion, and
352:. The prize is given annually by the IEEE Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI) Technical Committee for "Contributions in Computer Vision that Have Withstood the Test of Time." The "secrets" paper helped establish the state of the art in the field and led to the widely used Classic+NL flow algorithm.
509:
Black has contributed to several significant datasets. The
Middlebury Flow dataset provided the first comprehensive benchmark for the field. The MPI-Sintel Flow dataset demonstrated that synthetic data was sufficiently rich and similar to real data to provide a rigorous benchmark and to be useful for
483:
His group produced the popular SMPL 3D body model (and various extensions like FLAME for 3D human faces, MANO for 3D hands, and SMPL-X, an expressive 3D body model with hands and faces) and popularized methods for estimating 3D body shape from images. SMPL is widely used in both academia and industry
269:
Black has won all three major test-of-time prizes in computer vision: the
Koenderink Prize at the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV) in 2010 and 2022, the Helmholtz Prize at the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) in 2013, and the Longuet-Higgins Prize at the IEEE Conference
452:
Black is best known for his work on human motion and shape estimation. With Hedvig
Sidenbladh and David Fleet, he introduced the use of particle filtering for tracking 3D articulated human motion. This work was awarded the Koenderink Koenderink Prize for Fundamental Contributions in Computer Vision
496:
Loper and Black popularized "differentiable rendering", which has become an important component of self-supervised training of neural networks for problems like facial analysis. Classical methods for analysis by synthesis formulate an objective function and then differentiate it. The OpenDR method
443:
to decode motor cortical ensemble activity. With these
Bayesian decoding methods, the team demonstrated the successful point-and-click control of a computer cursor by a human with paralysis and the decoding of full arm and hand movement in non-human primates.
375:
The robust formulation was hand crafted and used small spatial neighborhoods. The work on Fields of
Experts with Stefan Roth removed these restrictions. They learned the potential functions of an MRF with large spatial cliques by modeling the field potentials as a
632:
In 2015, he proposed an initiative that has since become Cyber Valley, which aims to make the
Stuttgart-Tübingen region of Germany a world leader in AI research and applications. He is on the research consortium's Executive Board and serves as its spokesperson.
320:
His early focus on statistical modeling of motion, particularly at motion discontinuities, led to two other prize papers. His work with David Fleet on the "Probabilistic
Detection and Tracking of Motion Boundaries" won honorable mention for the Marr Prize at
520:
Related to human pose, shape, and activity, Black has contributed to the SURREAL dataset of human motions, the JHMDB dataset of human actions, and the FAUST dataset of 3D body shapes. FAUST received the
Dataset Award from the
641:
In 2013, a team from Black's group spun out Body Labs which commercialized 3D body model technology for the clothing and games industry. Black was a co-founder and investor. Body Labs was acquired by Amazon.com in 2017.
1972:
580:
as an
Assistant Professor of Computer Science (Contractually Limited Term Appointment). He was supervised by Allan Jepson. During his time there, he received the Computer Science Students' Union Teaching Award.
1982:
1967:
460:
His current work focuses on modeling and estimating human shape and pose from images and video. His team was the first to fit a learned 3D human body model to multi-camera image data at
461:
310:
1876:
298:
This "Black and
Anandan" optical flow algorithm has been widely used, for example, in special effects. The method was used to compute optical flow for the painterly effects in
513:
The HumanEva dataset was the first dataset with ground truth 3D human poses in correspondence with RGB video of people in motion. The approach used a combination of optical
262:
where he leads the Perceiving Systems Department in research focused on computer vision, machine learning, and computer graphics. He is also an Honorary Professor at the
548:. During this time, he completed his Master's of Computer Science in Symbolic and Heuristic Computation through the Honors Co-Op Program at Stanford. His advisor was
629:
In addition to co-founding the MPI for Intelligent Systems, Black led the founding of the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Intelligent Systems.
1957:
291:
problem. The main observation was that spatial discontinuities in image motion and violations of the standard brightness constancy assumption could be treated as
601:: In 2000, Black joined the faculty of Brown University as an Associate Professor of Computer Science (with tenure). In 2004, he was promoted to Full Professor.
618:
259:
166:
477:
469:
330:
322:
314:
501:. This provided a framework for posing a forward synthesis problem and automatically obtaining an optimization method to solve the inverse problem.
1987:
397:
465:
454:
1942:
1258:"Neural control of cursor trajectory and click by a human with tetraplegia 1000 days after implant of an intracortical microelectrode array"
341:
645:
In 2018, Meshcapade GmbH spun out of his group. The start-up focuses on licensing technology developed at MPI-IS and providing services.
607:: In 2017, with the acquisition of Body Labs by Amazon, Black joined Amazon as a Distinguished Amazon Scholar (VP) on a part-time basis.
364:
in computer vision. This was facilitated by several papers that connected robust penalty functions to classical "line processes" used in
337:
1962:
549:
1872:
685:
1977:
133:
1772:
558:: During this period, Black pursued his PhD at Yale and was supported by a NASA Graduate Fellowship. He completed his PhD at the
522:
517:
and multi-camera video capture. This dataset enabled the field to evaluate accuracy and compare performance for the first time.
409:
64:
396:
to represent optical flow fields with multiple motions (also called "layered" optical flow). This introduced the use of
381:
369:
270:
on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) in 2022. In 2023 he received the PAMI Distinguished Researcher Award.
1668:
299:
1850:
1133:"Neural control of computer cursor velocity by decoding motor cortical spiking activity in humans with tetraplegia"
1313:
Vargas-Irwin, C.E.; Shakhnarovich, G.; Yadollahpour, P.; Mislow, J.M.K.; Black, M.J.; Donoghue, J.P. (July 2010).
855:"On the unification of line processes, outlier rejection, and robust statistics with applications in early vision"
785:"On the unification of line processes, outlier rejection, and robust statistics with applications in early vision"
295:. Reformulating the classical optimization problem as a robust estimation problem produced more accurate results.
595:. In 1996, he took over management from Huttenlocher. He started the Digital Video Analysis Area in 1998.
498:
1694:
1927:
1746:
263:
170:
540:
and worked as a software engineer at GTE Government Systems and Advanced Decision Systems (ADS) developing
1952:
1720:
1087:
796:
592:
537:
1824:
1798:
1209:"Point-and-Click Cursor Control With an Intracortical Neural Interface System by Humans With Tetraplegia"
1609:. ECCV. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Springer International Publishing. pp. 561–578. Bogo:ECCV:2016.
577:
1572:
Pavlakos, G.; Choutas, V.; Ghorbani, N.; Bolkart, T.; Osman, A.A.A.; Tzionas, D.; Black, M.J. (2019).
960:"EigenTracking: Robust matching and tracking of articulated objects using a view-based representation"
1947:
1902:
1269:
1144:
905:
559:
1092:
30:
1055:
Wu, W.; Black, M.J.; Gao, y.; Bienenstock, E.; Serruya, M.; Shaikhouni, A.; Donoghue, J.P. (2003).
801:
365:
303:
70:
1647:. ECCV. Zürich, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. pp. 154–169. Loper:ECCV:2014.
1621:
1581:
1542:
1478:
1113:
1018:
979:
874:
833:
814:
614:
424:
377:
893:
663:
183:
1207:
Kim, S.-P.; Simeral, J.; Hochberg, L.; Donoghue, J.P.; Friehs, G.M.; Black, M.J. (April 2011).
1189:
1056:
562:
in the Human Factors Research Division led by Andrew (Beau) Watson. At Yale, he was advised by
1640:
1382:
1363:
1344:
1295:
1238:
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1037:
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921:
854:
784:
746:
727:
708:
361:
98:
1602:
1420:
1257:
497:
was more generic in that it (approximately) differentiated a graphics rendering engine using
329:"On the spatial statistics of optical flow" received honorable mention for the Marr Prize at
1552:
1530:
1509:
1470:
1439:
1334:
1326:
1285:
1277:
1228:
1220:
1160:
1152:
1097:
1010:
971:
913:
866:
806:
420:
413:
195:
153:
103:
1628:. CVPR. Salt Lake City, USA: IEEE Computer Society. pp. 7122–7131. Kanazawa:CVPR:2018.
1132:
765:
1573:
1314:
1208:
998:
440:
428:
345:
93:
76:
1601:
Bogo, F.; Kanazawa, A.; Lassner, C.; Gehler, P.; Romero, J.; Black, M.J. (October 2016).
1497:
1401:
1075:
681:
1458:
1273:
1148:
909:
1339:
1315:"Decoding complete reach and grasp actions from local primary motor cortex populations"
1290:
1281:
1233:
1165:
588:
567:
514:
49:
1768:
1936:
1482:
541:
473:
436:
393:
1156:
1022:
1603:"Keep it SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Image"
1330:
1117:
878:
818:
545:
432:
284:
983:
591:
as a member of research staff. He worked in the Image Understanding Area, led by
326:
288:
255:
213:
1457:
Loper, M.; Mahmood, N.; Romero, J.; Pons-Moll, G.; Black, M.J. (October 2017).
1256:
Simeral, J.D.; Kim, S.-P.; Black, M.J.; Donoghue, J.P.; Hochberg, L.R. (2011).
1224:
1101:
1076:"Bayesian population decoding of motor cortical activity using a Kalman filter"
1014:
975:
563:
200:
1190:"Probabilistic inference of hand motion from neural activity in motor cortex"
1557:
1514:
1474:
1370:. ECCV. Dublin, Ireland: Springer Verlag. pp. 702–718. Black:ECCV:2000.
485:
417:
1658:
1348:
1299:
1242:
1174:
1131:
Kim, S.-P.; Simeral, J.; Hochberg, L.; Donoghue, J.P.; Black, M.J. (2008).
1109:
925:
832:
Barron, Jonathan T. (2017). "A General and Adaptive Robust Loss Function".
37:
Director, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Tübingen, Germany
1846:
1408:. ECCV. Marseilles, France: Springer-Verlag. pp. 15–29. Balan:ECCV.
1188:
Gao, Y.; Black, M.J.; Bienenstock, E.; Shoham, S.; Donoghue, J. (2002).
1873:"Amazon has acquired 3D body model startup, Body Labs, for $ 50M-$ 70M"
1574:"Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Image"
870:
810:
292:
1074:
Wu, W.; Gao, Y.; Bienenstock, E.; Donoghue, J.P.; Black, M.J. (2006).
917:
349:
1690:
1663:
177:
309:
A version of this work received the IEEE Outstanding Paper Award at
232:
1586:
1547:
838:
1531:"Embodied Hands: Modeling and Capturing Hands and Bodies Together"
1213:
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
1742:
1578:
IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
892:
Black, M.J.; Sapiro, G.; Marimont, D.; Heeger, D. (March 1998).
747:"Probabilistic detection and tracking of motion discontinuities"
1716:
1498:"Learning a model of facial shape and expression from 4D scans"
1381:
Balan, A.; Black, M.J.; Davis, J.; Haussecker, H. (June 2007).
1364:"Stochastic tracking of 3D human figures using 2D image motion"
753:. ICCV. Corfu, Greece: ICCV. pp. 551–558. Black:ICCV:1999.
1820:
1794:
947:. ICCV. Vancouver, BC, USA. pp. 362–369. Torre:ICCV:2001.
1973:
Members of the German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
1496:
Li, T.; Bolkart, T.; Black, M.J.; Li, H.; Romero, J. (2017).
1626:
IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
1387:
IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
1042:
IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
713:
IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)
1446:. ICCV. Barcelona: IEEE. pp. 1951–1958. Weiss:ICCV:11.
1194:
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 14 (NIPS)
1061:
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 15 (NIPS)
734:. ICCV. Berlin, Germany. pp. 231–236. Black:ICCV:1993.
1898:
1620:
Kanazawa, A.; Black, M.J.; Jacobs, D.W; Malik, J. (2018).
941:"Robust principal component analysis for computer vision"
1691:"A Database and Evaluation Methodology for Optical Flow"
1057:"Neural decoding of cursor motion using a Kalman filter"
1044:. CVPR. New York, NY. pp. 760–761. Black:IEEE:1993.
715:. CVPR. Maui, Hawaii. pp. 296–302. Black:CVPR:1991.
1402:"The naked truth: Estimating body shape under clothing"
728:"A framework for the robust estimation of optical flow"
1438:
Weiss, A.; Hirshberg, D; Black, M.J. (November 2011).
1362:
Sidenbladh, H.; Black, M.J.; Fleet, D.J. (June 2000).
1196:. NIPS. MIT Press. pp. 221–228. Black:ANIPS:2002.
116:
Member, German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
1421:"Estimating human shape and pose from a single image"
1440:"Home 3D body scans from noisy image and range data"
1419:
Guan, P.; Weiss, A.; Balan, A.; Black, M.J. (2009).
1389:. CVPR. Minneapolis. pp. 1–8. Balan:CVPR:2007.
613:: In 2011, Black became a Scientific Member of the
523:
Eurographics Symposium on Geometry Processing (SGP)
227:
206:
194:
176:
162:
146:
112:
86:
57:
42:
21:
536:: After his bachelor's degree, Black moved to the
254:is an American-born computer scientist working in
484:and was one of the core technologies licensed by
360:The "Black and Anandan" method helped popularize
317:2013 for work that has "stood the test of time".
1983:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
1968:Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
1641:"OpenDR: An Approximate Differentiable Renderer"
1063:. MIT Press. pp. 133–140. Black:ANIPS:2003.
668:Yale University, Department of Computer Science
380:. Their formulation can be viewed as a shallow
1622:"End-to-end Recovery of Human Shape and Pose"
1529:Romero, J.; Tzionas, D.; Black, M.J. (2017).
1368:European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV)
1038:"Mixture models for optical flow computation"
617:and one of the founding directors of the new
8:
709:"Robust dynamic motion estimation over time"
260:Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
258:, Germany. He is a founding director at the
167:Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems
1459:"SMPL: A Skinned Multi-Person Linear Model"
1427:. ICCV. pp. 1381–1388. Guan:ICCV:2009.
1383:"Detailed human shape and pose from images"
766:"On the spatial statistics of optical flow"
745:Black, M.J.; Fleet, D.J. (September 1999).
423:technology. Black and colleagues developed
128:Marr Prize, Honorable Mention, ICCV (1999)
126:Marr Prize, Honorable Mention, ICCV (2005)
118:PAMI Distinguished Researcher Award (2023)
29:
18:
1639:Loper, M.; Black, M.J. (September 2014).
1585:
1556:
1546:
1513:
1338:
1289:
1232:
1164:
1091:
837:
800:
783:Black, M.J.; Rangarajan, A. (July 1996).
1795:"Joint-annotated Human Motion Data Base"
1645:European Conf. on Computer Vision (ECCV)
1607:European Conf. on Computer Vision (ECCV)
1406:European Conf. on Computer Vision (ECCV)
1003:International Journal of Computer Vision
964:International Journal of Computer Vision
859:International Journal of Computer Vision
789:International Journal of Computer Vision
654:
67:(1985, B.Sc., Honours Computer Science)
1580:. Vol. 36. pp. 10975–10985.
1400:Balan, A; Black, M.J. (October 2008).
707:Black, M.J.; Anandan, P. (June 1991).
589:Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC)
576:: Black did post-doctoral work at the
404:Neural decoding and neural prosthetics
400:(EM) to the field of computer vision.
356:Robust statistics and image statistics
1958:University of British Columbia alumni
1036:Jepson, A.; Black, M.J. (June 1992).
939:De la Torre, F.; Black, M.J. (2001).
898:IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
772:. ICCV. pp. 42–49. Roth:ICCV:05.
726:Black, M.J.; Anandan, P. (May 1993).
302:and for registering 3D face scans in
7:
1847:"Geometry Processing Award Programs"
1444:Int. Conf. on Computer Vision (ICCV)
1425:Int. Conf. on Computer Vision (ICCV)
997:Roth, S.; Black, M.J. (April 2009).
945:Int. Conf. on Computer Vision (ICCV)
853:Black, M.J.; Rangarajan, A. (1996).
770:Int. Conf. on Computer Vision (ICCV)
751:Int. Conf. on Computer Vision (ICCV)
732:Int. Conf. on Computer Vision (ICCV)
416:to create the technology behind the
682:"The Art of Optical Flow, FX Guide"
130:IEEE Outstanding Paper Award (1991)
73:(1989, Masters in Computer Science)
1928:Michael J. Black at Google Scholar
14:
664:"Robust Incremental Optical Flow"
134:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
958:Black, M.J.; Jepson, A. (1998).
435:. The team was the first to use
408:In the 2000s, Black worked with
313:1991 and the Helmholtz Prize at
46:June 1962 (age 61–62)
16:American-born computer scientist
1905:from the original on 2020-01-16
1879:from the original on 2019-12-17
1853:from the original on 2014-07-29
1827:from the original on 2019-08-11
1801:from the original on 2019-07-24
1775:from the original on 2020-01-16
1749:from the original on 2019-09-10
1723:from the original on 2019-07-29
1697:from the original on 2019-07-27
1671:from the original on 2017-07-24
688:from the original on 2020-01-16
392:In 1993, Black and Jepson used
184:Robust Incremental Optical Flow
79:(1992, PhD in Computer Science)
1988:Max Planck Institute directors
1659:"Open Differentiable Renderer"
1331:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5443-09.2010
894:"Robust anisotropic diffusion"
764:Roth, R.; Black, M.J. (2005).
65:University of British Columbia
1:
1262:Journal of Neural Engineering
1137:Journal of Neural Engineering
468:2008, from a single image at
1943:American computer scientists
1282:10.1088/1741-2560/8/2/025027
587:: In 1993, Black joined the
382:convolutional neural network
370:principal-component analysis
283:Black's thesis reformulated
120:Longuet-Higgins prize (2020)
619:MPI for Intelligent Systems
544:on the Xerox and Symbolics
2004:
1963:Stanford University alumni
1225:10.1109/TNSRE.2011.2107750
1102:10.1162/089976606774841585
1717:"MPI Sintel Flow Dataset"
1157:10.1088/1741-2560/5/4/010
1015:10.1007/s11263-008-0197-6
560:NASA Ames Research Center
499:Automatic differentiation
388:Layered motion estimation
223:
139:
28:
1978:Brown University faculty
492:Differentiable rendering
464:2007, under clothing at
398:Expectation Maximization
1558:10.1145/3130800.3130883
1515:10.1145/3130800.3130813
1475:10.1145/2816795.2818013
1319:Journal of Neuroscience
976:10.1023/A:1007939232436
510:learning optical flow.
348:" was awarded the 2020
346:Secrets of Optical Flow
325:'99. Black's work with
171:University of Tuebingen
124:Koenderink Prize (2010)
448:Human motion and shape
350:Longuet- Higgins Prize
264:University of Tübingen
122:Helmholtz Prize (2013)
578:University of Toronto
429:decode neural signals
662:Black, M.J. (1992).
366:Markov Random Fields
300:What Dreams May Come
1821:"MPI FAUST Dataset"
1535:ACM Trans. Graphics
1508:(6): 194:1–194:17.
1502:ACM Trans. Graphics
1463:ACM Trans. Graphics
1274:2011JNEng...8b5027S
1149:2008JNEng...5..455K
999:"Fields of Experts"
910:1998ITIP....7..421B
593:Daniel Huttenlocher
304:The Matrix Reloaded
289:robust M-estimation
71:Stanford University
1875:. 3 October 2017.
1743:"HumanEva Dataset"
1080:Neural Computation
871:10.1007/BF00131148
811:10.1007/BF00131148
615:Max Planck Society
441:particle filtering
421:neural prosthetics
378:product of experts
1769:"SURREAL Dataset"
1325:(29): 9659–9669.
918:10.1109/83.661192
362:robust statistics
249:
248:
207:Doctoral students
154:Computer Science
141:Scientific career
99:Computer Graphics
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1469:: 248:1–248:16.
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678:
672:
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659:
637:Entrepreneurship
437:Kalman filtering
425:Bayesian methods
414:Brown University
287:estimation as a
252:Michael J. Black
245:
242:
240:
238:
236:
234:
196:Doctoral advisor
190:
132:Foreign Member,
104:Machine Learning
35:Michael J. Black
33:
23:Michael J. Black
19:
2003:
2002:
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