767:, Lt. Edward Dudley Norman, became sick and Lt. Crawford took command of that vessel for about a week. Crawford found the U-boat's periscopes to be "superb", but noted that a great quantity of water would break over the bridge in even the slightest sea. He found the standard of comfort aboard to be inferior to British submarines. In particular, the wardroom arrangement was particularly uncomfortable because the passage from the crew compartment to the control room went right through the middle of the wardroom, so that any time any rating had to go on watch, the entire wardroom had to move.
253:, England, to Walter Coulton Crawford and his wife. Tubby and his brother Peter spent their early years in Kenya where their father, who had served in the Royal Engineers in the First World War, had been granted some farmland and also served as an engineer with the Kenya and Uganda Railway. In 1924 Crawford, aged 6, and his brother were sent to England where they attended Merton Court preparatory school in Sidcup. Their father died on 10 November 1926 while they were in England. The boys' mother returned to England thereafter, to live on the Isle of Wight in "straitened circumstances".
1710:
1642:
1437:
1574:
1505:
1371:
1303:
1235:
95:
908:
34:
820:, Flag Officer Submarines at the time. Crawford expected a "most frightful rocket", but Horton took the matter "very well" and asked if Crawford could suggest anything to prevent such an event happening again. Crawford suggested that the lever for operating the valves for the Q-tank have some corrugations added to it so that even in dim light the operator could feel which tank he was operating. That suggestion was incorporated into all future submarines of that configuration.
832:
1009:
986:
824:
998:
862:. On or shortly before 13 November, Crawford awoke and went to the bridge where he saw a shape which the officer of the watch reported to him as an island. Crawford was "not impressed", as he knew there were no islands in the vicinity and sounded the night alarm. With engines stopped, they were able to hear the engines of a destroyer.
1114:, which had served in reserve before the war and was largely used for training purposes during it. After a run to Rothesay and Scapa Flow, probably for training, she was decommissioned at Blyth on 5 July. Crawford married Margaret Hendy Lewis in Blyth in September 1944 and they settled in Portsmouth.
302:
Crawford decided to join the submarine service (colloquially known within the Royal Navy as "the Trade") after his time as a midshipman in large ships made him believe that being in a small vessel, such as a submarine, would provide more responsibility for a junior officer. During his wartime career,
974:
performed the role of marker for the Husky landings, with
Crawford, the hard work done, managing to sleep soundly through the initial landings themselves. He later recalled seeing the invasion fleet through the periscope and telling his first lieutenant, "Well, I’m going for a cup of ki . Call me as
541:
engaged in normal patrolling duties with the purpose of preventing supplies reaching Axis forces in North Africa, with a particular focus on shipping sailing down the west coast of Sicily down the
Tunisian coast to Tripoli and down the eastern side of Sicily from Taranto. Her early patrols were not
869:
was forced hurriedly to dive to avoid a destroyer, but she had already been spotted by the enemy. She was attacked with depth charges and began to sink fast. The crew managed to stop her at about 345 feet. The safe diving depth for the submarine was 200 feet according to standing instructions. The
808:
On 29 July, she departed on her first war patrol. Unfortunately, during training of watch divers in surfacing and diving the submarine, when diving after taking a sun-sight to find her position, the petty officer on watch pulled the wrong lever, which resulted in high-pressure air being blown into
542:
particularly successful. Crawford suggests that one reason may be that at that time there were restrictions on the number of torpedoes which should be launched during attacks, which meant that in some attacks only two were fired at a target rather than three. On one occasion, on 12 April 1941,
1797:
Captain
Crawford died on June 28th, 2017, one day after his 100th birthday. He was the last surviving commander of a submarine in the "Fighting Tenth" submarine flotilla. His wife Margaret passed away in October of 2019. He is survived by their children, Simon, an artist, and Rosemary, an
600:
was fitted out for the task with a fender in order to avoid damaging her bow on the rocks. The operation was postponed and later cancelled due to
Kesselring reportedly having left Taormina. Various sources, including Crawford, suggest that this episode occurred in April 1941.
903:
spent
Christmas on patrol off North Africa between 21 and 30 December, attacking two convoys and firing seven torpedoes, but scoring no hits. She was also attacked by enemy aircraft on several occasions and was depth-charged by a destroyer on one occasion, but sustained no
888:
departed
Gibraltar for Malta. Due to the severe shortage of supplies in Malta, she sailed with a "dummy deck" underfoot throughout the submarine which was composed of provisions. Her instructions en route were not to attack anything unless vital. She sighted a U-boat,
557:, which had run aground on the sand-banks off Kerkennah in Tunisia. A party was sent aboard and documents were retrieved from the captain's safe, which was blown open using explosives. The party then destroyed the wreck with demolition charges. On the following day,
1090:
Crawford was later mentioned in dispatches for "gallantry, skill and devotion to duty in successful patrols in H.M. submarines" in respect of the sinking of two ships and damage caused to two others, almost certainly in respect of these patrols in 1943 in
465:, causing heavy damage to her periscopes. She crept back to Rosyth and was then sent down to the Swan & Hunter yard in Newcastle for a refit. Upon arrival at Swan & Hunter on 13 August, Crawford was relieved and sent to Dundee to join
1785:, for "successful patrols in H.M. submarines". Crawford was also mentioned in dispatches on 18 April 1944 for "gallantry, skill and devotion to duty in successful patrols in H.M. submarines", almost certainly in respect of his exploits in
608:
took part in perhaps her most famous engagement. She was patrolling at dusk. Crawford was on watch and saw a dark shape and called
Wanklyn to the periscope, who took over and carried out a daring attack for which he was later awarded the
293:
Crawford was promoted sub-lieutenant on 16 May 1938, lieutenant on 16 September 1939, acting lieutenant-commander on 1 November 1944, lieutenant commander on 16 March 1947, commander on 30 June 1951, and finally captain on 30 June 1959.
703:, sailed within a few hours to pursue intelligence reports of a troop convoy from Taranto passing to the east of Malta en route to Tripoli. Three of the submarines were put across the convoy's line of passage, with
754:
to return to the UK to undertake his submarine commander's course (known as "the
Perisher"). Upon successful completion of that course, and while waiting for an H-boat to command, the commander of
414:
was sent into the
Skagerrak with the purpose of making her presence known so that the Germans would concentrate their anti-submarine efforts there (possibly this was in April or June 1940).
374:
conducted a number of patrols in late 1939 and early 1940, operating from
Harwich, in the North Sea and off the Dutch coast. Her first success came in the sinking of the German merchant ship
847:
departed Portsmouth for Gibraltar. Her first lieutenant had had a wisdom tooth removed shortly before departure and began to bleed from the wound. The bleeding could not be stopped, and
1134:
sailed to Holy Loch for trials and training. In September, after the end of the war, she completed her training and was dispatched to the Far East, where she served until 1946.
2434:
2189:
2132:
2771:
1726:
1658:
1590:
1521:
1453:
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off the Dogger Bank but all missed. The enemy submarine surfaced and an attempt was made to engage her with the deck gun, but this proved impossible due to the heavy seas.
1387:
1251:
1319:
839:, 31 January 1944 (left to right): Lieut. W. T. J. Fox, Sub-Lieut. R. J. Linden, Lieut. Crawford, the commanding officer, and his first lieutenant, Lieut. R. T. Sallis
1087:
was ordered to Gibraltar and, after a detour via Algiers, arrived there on 11 January, departing for the UK on 18 January and arriving at Falmouth on 28 January.
362:
left Portsmouth on her first war patrol on 28 October 1939, ordered to patrol in the North Sea (Dogger Bank) area. On 6 November 1939, she fired six torpedoes at
1798:
administrator, four grandchildren and four great-grandchildren. The couple's older sons, Michael, an electrical engineer, and David, a banker, predeceased him.
805:
In June 1942 Crawford took command of what was then "P51" at the Barrow shipyards. On 1 July she departed the yard for Holy Loch for sea trials and training.
2766:
1774:
668:
226:
200:
870:
Q-tank was damaged once again, her navigational lights were blown off, a mass of caulking from the bulkheads was lost and electrical equipment was damaged.
634:
2761:
352:. The squadron's tasks during September 1939 consisted largely of exercising, included training Royal Navy surface ships in anti-submarine warfare.
855:
resumed her passage a few hours later. Upon arrival at Gibraltar, during October she conducted exercises and a short working-up patrol off Málaga.
1185:), and in 1965-68 Commodore Superintendent, HM Naval Base Malta. From January to July 1968 Crawford served as Naval ADC to HM Queen Elizabeth II.
449:, first with torpedoes and then with her deck gun. Due to the wrong range having been entered by the sight-setter, the shells fell far short and
671:(DSC) on 2 September 1941 for "skill and enterprise in successful submarine patrols" from January to May 1941, an award confirmed shortly after
2721:
2707:
2679:
2651:
640:
959:
1178:
1149:
from 1950–1951. He also held two general service appointments: one on the staff of the Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet in the battleship
2637:
461:
on 6 August. During the latter attack, Bryant failed to observe a tug (UJ 123) which was escorting the convoy, which then rammed the
2781:
2735:
2665:
2478:
1171:
2693:
1781:, for "skill and enterprise in successful submarine patrols". He received a bar to his DSC on 20 July 1943, whilst in command of
1063:'s next two engagements were her most successful of Crawford's time in command, at least in tonnage sunk. On 21 September 1943,
827:
The commanding officer of P51, Lieut. Crawford (right), studying the latest reports on shipping movements with Lieut. E. Barlow
304:
1075:. By firing a full salvo when the two target ships were overlapping, Crawford achieved the remarkable result of sinking both.
2786:
2408:
2163:
2106:
1188:
Crawford retired from the Royal Navy on 11 August 1968. He served as publications officer for Flag Officer Submarines at HMS
648:, but shortly before firing, the ASDIC operator gave the cruisers an even higher speed, of around 28 knots, which meant that
874:
underwent repairs upon her return to Gibraltar. To celebrate their escape, Crawford ordered a diving helmet to be sewn onto
858:
In November, she was sent to the waters off Toulon to observe French naval movements in the days leading up to the start of
546:
was out of torpedoes, but still achieved a minor success by persuading an enemy convoy to turn round by firing star-shell.
2776:
2601:"A/Lt.Cdr. Michael Lindsay Coulton Crawford: DSC of the Royal Navy (RN) - Allied Warship Commanders of WWII - uboat.net"
1033:
262:
183:
507:). Crawford joined the boat on 10 December 1940; she sailed for Gibraltar on 12 December and thence to Malta to join the
444:
363:
128:
2549:
173:
1838:
975:
soon as anything happens." He put his feet on the sofa and slept through the first night of the invasion of Sicily.
2576:"HMS Tireless (P 327) of the Royal Navy - British Submarine of the T class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net"
617:
had already taken part in two attacks and so had only two torpedoes remaining. Also, her ASDIC was out of action.
2252:"HMS Unbeaten (N 93) of the Royal Navy - British Submarine of the U class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net"
2164:"HMS Upholder (N 99) of the Royal Navy - British Submarine of the U class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net"
967:
2107:"HMS Sealion (N 72) of the Royal Navy - British Submarine of the S class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net"
2409:"HMS Unseen (P 51) of the Royal Navy - British Submarine of the U class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net"
2277:"HMS Ursula (N 59) of the Royal Navy - British Submarine of the U class - Allied Warships of WWII - uboat.net"
911:
The commanding officer of P51, Lieut. Crawford, before setting out from Malta for a patrol in the Mediterranean
508:
348:
under the command of Lieut. Cmdr. Benjamin Bryant, as part of the submarine squadron stationed in Malta, on
951:
907:
890:
2203:
2756:
2751:
1157:
809:
the "Q"-tank with both vent and Kingston valve shut, which damaged the tank and the battery, forcing
719:
was positioned fifty miles to the west in order to carry out a daylight attack in the early morning.
520:
320:
358:
left Malta on 11 October 1939, with Crawford by this time promoted lieutenant, to return to the UK.
33:
2518:"HMS Oberon (N 21) of the Royal Navy - British Submarine of the O class - Allied Warships of WWII"
2497:
2451:
2231:
596:
for the job, partly because he had spent his honeymoon in Taormina and was familiar with the bay.
2502:
2236:
1143:
497:
1079:'s final successful attack of the war came on 22 October when she sank the German landing barge
982:
to his DSC for "successful patrols in H.M. submarines", in respect of seven patrols from Malta.
831:
644:, steaming at about 22 knots and escorted by destroyers. Wanklyn originally intended to attack
2731:
2717:
2703:
2689:
2675:
2661:
2647:
2633:
2474:
2428:
2183:
2126:
1150:
851:
was forced to divert to Falmouth in order to obtain medical assistance at the local hospital.
589:
339:
1164:
1108:
683:
516:
493:
473:
379:
284:
178:
167:
2076:
1008:
1142:
Crawford held numerous submarine-related appointments after the war, including commanding
859:
426:
308:
270:
188:
2342:
2043:
989:
Crawford (centre), 1st lieutenant, Lieut. R. T. Sallis, and other members of the crew of
789:, which nominally operated from Rothesay, but was in fact mainly on detached service in
652:
did not have a good enough position to attack her and so Wanklyn switched the attack to
927:
off Libya. She had further success in subsequent patrols, sinking the Italian merchant
610:
504:
985:
303:
he would serve as first lieutenant to the two most successful British submarine aces:
2745:
1024:
took part in further beach reconnaissance, this time off the east coast of Calabria.
966:
and some by Chariot, to assist in selection of suitable amphibious landing areas for
813:
to go to Sheerness for repairs to the tank before setting off for the Mediterranean.
349:
1126:
On 15 November 1944, Acting Lieut. Cmdr. Crawford took command of the new submarine
935:
off Tunisia on 4 March. On 18 April, during a patrol off the north coast of Sicily,
565:, but ran aground herself before she could reach her. Several days later, on 1 May,
276:. He passed out from Dartmouth as a midshipman on 1 May 1935. He also served aboard
1715:
1647:
1579:
1510:
1442:
1376:
1308:
1240:
690:
592:, who intelligence indicated was staying at the Miramar Hotel. Wanklyn volunteered
2575:
2517:
2276:
2251:
793:, where it gave anti-submarine training to the convoy escort groups based there.
997:
697:
561:
attempted to get close to the similarly grounded wreck of the Italian destroyer
410:, which had struck a mine on 5 June 1940. Crawford related that on one occasion
1041:
on 24 August was also unsuccessful, but she did sink the Italian merchant ship
823:
453:
dived and escaped. She finished that patrol by sinking the Norwegian merchant
2630:
Hero of the Upholder: The Story of Lieutenant Commander M.D. Wanklyn VC, DSO**
2600:
1182:
817:
436:
was forced to remain submerged for 45 hours at a stretch without ventilation.
402:, Norway; and on 8 July 1940 on the beached wreck of the German merchant ship
399:
390:
made a number of unsuccessful attacks: on 6 May 1940 on the German transports
277:
234:
100:
1742:
1728:
1674:
1660:
1606:
1592:
1537:
1523:
1469:
1455:
1403:
1389:
1335:
1321:
1267:
1253:
895:, at night and was preparing to attack when the U-boat saw her and escaped.
1170:
1961–62. He was chief staff officer to the Flag Officer Submarines based at
1163:
1955–56. Promoted to captain in 1959, he commanded the submarine depot ship
1107:
Upon return to the UK, on 24 March 1944 Lieut. Crawford was sent to command
979:
865:
At that time, or perhaps one or two days later (the sources are not clear),
763:
755:
422:
383:
246:
230:
204:
931:
off Punta Alice, Italy, on 4 February and the wreck of the German merchant
425:, when she was, according to Crawford, not far from where her sister boat
585:
432:
was destroyed. On one occasion during this period, Crawford recalls that
407:
2644:
Sea Wolves: The Extraordinary Story of Britain's World War II Submarines
660:
fired two torpedoes, one of which was claimed as a hit but did not sink
2471:
The Fighting Tenth: The Tenth Submarine Flotilla and the Siege of Malta
1193:
1057:, off Vlorë, Albania, with a mixture of gunfire and scuttling charges.
783:
682:
was recalled from shore leave in the middle of the afternoon and, with
466:
457:
on 4 August and then attacking but failing to sink the German merchant
220:
118:
963:
250:
265:, in January 1931. Crawford served as a cadet and midshipman in the
319:
From August to October 1938, he served on the submarine depot ship
1037:, but without scoring a hit. An attack on the Italian merchantman
1007:
996:
984:
906:
830:
822:
790:
664:, though it did put her in port and out of action for some time.
1863:"The Official Gazette of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya".
1004:
returns home from the Mediterranean, 31 January 1944, Portsmouth
739:
on 18 September with four torpedoes, one of which may have hit.
526:, the Royal Navy's new aircraft carrier. Upon arrival in Malta,
290:
in the Home Fleet before attending his Sub-Lieutenant's course.
881:
s Jolly Roger when they returned to Malta the following month.
1890:
1878:
The Official Gazette of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya.
569:
attacked a merchant convoy, sinking the German merchant ship
1865:
The Official Gazette of the Colony and Protectorate of Kenya
588:
in an attempt to assassinate Luftwaffe Generalfeldmarschall
519:, acting as a screen for ships sailing to Malta, including
503:, under the command of Lieut. Cmdr. Malcolm Wanklyn (later
476:, which sailed to Scapa Flow for anti-submarine exercises.
1130:. Shortly after the end of the war in Europe in May 1945,
899:
arrived in Malta on 13 December. As the "new boy", he and
2700:
Periscope Patrol: The Saga of the Malta Force Submarines
939:
attacked and sank the German auxiliary submarine chaser
915:
During her second patrol from Malta, on 17 January 1943
573:
and damaging and later sinking the German merchant ship
398:
with six torpedoes; on 3 July 1940 on a convoy off the
338:
From 5 January 1939, Sub-Lieut. Crawford served aboard
1177:, Gosport 1962-64 (under, successively, Rear Admirals
993:
display their Jolly Roger, 31 January 1944, Portsmouth
621:
fired her two torpedoes and sank the Italian schooner
1777:(DSC) on 2 September 1941, while First Lieutenant of
962:
parties for numerous beach reconnaissances, some by
233:(27 June 1917 – 28 June 2017) was an officer in the
38:
Lieutenant Crawford, commanding officer of P51 (HMS
2473:. Penzance: Periscope Publishing Ltd. p. 343.
923:off Tunisia and on 18 January the Italian merchant
210:
196:
163:
134:
124:
114:
106:
86:
78:
64:
47:
20:
2343:"Crawford, Michael Lindsay Coulton (Oral history)"
2044:"Crawford, Michael Lindsay Coulton (Oral history)"
2240:(1st supplement). 2 September 1941. p. 5080.
2433:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2188:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2131:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1156:1951-53 and another the command of the frigate
553:attacked the wreck of the German merchant ship
245:Michael Lindsay Coulton Crawford was born near
2506:(1st supplement). 18 April 1944. p. 1776.
1095:(despite their being gazetted in April 1944).
1071:and the German night fighter direction vessel
723:attacked and sank the Italian merchant ships
584:was selected to land a party of commandos at
580:Crawford later recalled that on one occasion
534:, which suffered repeated Luftwaffe attacks.
8:
2714:The History of the British U Class Submarine
2658:Captains Of War: They Fought Beneath the Sea
2415:. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017
2170:. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017
2113:. Archived from the original on 22 July 2017
782:, Crawford spent three months in command of
2716:. Pen and Sword Maritime, South Yorkshire.
2077:"Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939-1945 -- C"
958:took part in special operations delivering
2772:Graduates of Britannia Royal Naval College
2686:Malta Convoys 1940-42: The Struggle at Sea
1203:
1083:, and damaged another. On 4 January 1944,
378:on 11 April 1940 off the Danish island of
17:
1067:torpedoed and sank the German mine-layer
1049:sank an Italian auxiliary patrol vessel,
224:Michael Lindsay Coulton "Tubby" Crawford
1811:
919:attacked and sank the Italian merchant
2492:
2490:
2452:"Third Supplement, The London Gazette"
2426:
2403:
2401:
2399:
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2337:
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2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2204:"Malcolm D Wanklyn VC - victoriacross"
2181:
2124:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
604:In May, off the east coast of Sicily,
2570:
2568:
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2544:
2542:
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2538:
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2444:
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2315:
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2101:
2099:
2097:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1839:"Captain 'Tubby' Crawford – obituary"
7:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
2767:Royal Navy officers of World War II
1031:attacked the Italian light cruiser
1020:In late July and early August 1943
978:On 20 July, Crawford was awarded a
954:. In late May and throughout June,
421:s patrols took her as far north as
42:), c. late 1942 - early 1943, Malta
2550:"Captain Michael 'Tubby' Crawford"
1951:. HMSO. October 1948. p. 385.
1923:. HMSO. October 1942. p. 494.
1895:. HMSO. October 1935. p. 121.
632:encountered two Italian cruisers,
14:
1979:. HMSO. Spring 1962. p. 459.
1909:. HMSO. August 1939. p. 137.
816:Crawford was sent for by Admiral
675:return from her 16th war patrol.
1965:. HMSO. April 1956. p. 523.
1937:. HMSO. April 1946. p. 940.
1708:
1640:
1572:
1503:
1435:
1369:
1301:
1233:
950:engaged in trials of the use of
750:In November 1941, Crawford left
492:, Lieut. Crawford was appointed
93:
32:
22:Michael Lindsay Coulton Crawford
2762:Royal Navy submarine commanders
2688:. Leo Cooper, South Yorkshire.
735:, escaped despite an attack by
60:Near Cuckfield, Sussex, England
731:. A third ship in the convoy,
443:attacked the German submarine
263:Royal Naval College, Dartmouth
1:
2208:www.victoriacrossonline.co.uk
1016:, 31 January 1944, Portsmouth
778:After his week in command of
678:On 16 September, the crew of
1045:on 27 August. On 28 August,
129:Royal Navy Submarine Service
2702:. Pen and Sword, Barnsley.
2698:Turner, John Frayn. (2008)
1775:Distinguished Service Cross
669:Distinguished Service Cross
261:Crawford matriculated into
201:Distinguished Service Cross
2803:
2469:Wingate DSC, John (1991).
1773:Crawford was awarded the
952:"Chariot" human torpedoes
667:Crawford was awarded the
386:. In subsequent patrols,
307:(by most ships sunk) and
31:
2782:British men centenarians
2730:. Leo Cooper, Penzance.
2674:. Amberley, Gloucester.
537:From her base in Malta,
530:was berthed adjacent to
488:After three months with
2712:Walters, Derek. (2004)
2684:Thomas, David. (1999).
1880:4 October 1927, p.1169.
509:10th Submarine Flotilla
2726:Wingate, John. (1991)
2660:. Leo Cooper, London.
1769:Awards and decorations
1017:
1012:A group of stokers of
1005:
994:
912:
840:
828:
326:in the Mediterranean.
2787:People from Cuckfield
2670:Hart, Sydney. (2008)
2642:Clayton, Tim. (2012)
2628:Allaway, Jim. (1991)
2458:: 3275. 20 July 1943.
2081:www.unithistories.com
1867:: 402. 31 March 1926.
1011:
1000:
988:
910:
834:
826:
641:Raimondo Montecuccoli
241:Early life and family
107:Years of service
2777:English centenarians
2656:Gray, Edwyn. (1988)
214:Margaret Hendy Lewis
2632:. Airlife, London.
1738: /
1670: /
1602: /
1533: /
1465: /
1399: /
1331: /
1263: /
311:(by tonnage sunk).
2728:The Fighting Tenth
2672:Submarine Upholder
2646:. Abacus, London.
2503:The London Gazette
2456:The London Gazette
2237:The London Gazette
1699:21 September 1943
1631:21 September 1943
1018:
1006:
995:
913:
841:
829:
761:, captured German
707:in the middle and
635:Giuseppe Garibaldi
549:On 26 April 1941,
459:Cläre Hugo Stinnes
2722:978-1-84415-131-8
2708:978-1-84415-724-2
2680:978-1-84868-116-3
2652:978-0-349-12289-2
1766:
1765:
1754:Steiermark (ship)
1686:Steiermark (ship)
1618:Steiermark (ship)
1607:40.500°N 19.083°E
1549:Steiermark (ship)
1538:41.500°N 17.450°E
1481:Steiermark (ship)
1470:38.250°N 13.217°E
1404:39.267°N 17.183°E
1336:33.000°N 12.133°E
1268:33.917°N 11.033°E
843:On 20 September,
590:Albert Kesselring
439:On 29 July 1940,
298:Submarine service
218:
217:
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1224:17 January 1943
1204:
880:
715:on either side.
517:Operation Excess
515:participated in
494:first lieutenant
474:first lieutenant
420:
376:August Leonhardt
315:Second World War
237:and submariner.
179:Operation Excess
168:Second World War
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1562:28 August 1943
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1494:27 August 1943
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1415:Libeccio (ship)
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1234:
1232:
1228:Zenobia Martini
1202:
1140:
1138:Postwar service
1124:
1105:
970:. On 6–9 July,
968:Operation Husky
921:Zenobia Martini
884:On 4 December,
878:
860:Operation Torch
803:
776:
748:
486:
418:
336:
317:
309:Malcolm Wanklyn
305:Benjamin Bryant
300:
269:-class cruiser
259:
243:
189:Operation Husky
170:
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94:
92:
73:
72:(aged 100)
69:
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27:
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2638:978-1853102189
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2048:www.iwm.org.uk
1982:
1968:
1954:
1940:
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1627:
1612:40.500; 19.083
1585:
1582:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1543:41.500; 17.450
1516:
1513:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1490:
1475:38.250; 13.217
1448:
1445:
1432:
1429:
1428:18 April 1943
1425:
1424:
1409:39.267; 17.183
1382:
1379:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1347:Oceania (ship)
1341:33.000; 12.133
1314:
1311:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1273:33.917; 11.033
1246:
1243:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1196:, until 1980.
1179:Hugh Mackenzie
1139:
1136:
1123:
1116:
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1097:
802:
795:
775:
769:
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741:
611:Victoria Cross
511:. On the way,
485:
478:
335:
328:
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184:Siege of Malta
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90:
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82:United Kingdom
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2736:1-904381-16-2
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1963:The Navy List
1958:
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1949:The Navy List
1944:
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1936:
1935:The Navy List
1930:
1927:
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1921:The Navy List
1916:
1913:
1908:
1907:The Navy List
1902:
1899:
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1893:
1892:The Navy List
1886:
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1748:43.133; 9.967
1722:
1719:
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1034:Luigi Cadorna
1030:
1027:On 4 August,
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350:Manoel Island
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174:Mediterranean
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50:
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35:
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26:DSC & Bar
19:
16:
2727:
2713:
2699:
2694:0-85052-6639
2685:
2671:
2657:
2643:
2629:
2622:Bibliography
2608:. Retrieved
2604:
2595:
2583:. Retrieved
2579:
2553:. Retrieved
2525:. Retrieved
2521:
2512:
2501:
2470:
2464:
2455:
2417:. Retrieved
2412:
2350:. Retrieved
2346:
2284:. Retrieved
2280:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2255:
2246:
2235:
2211:. Retrieved
2207:
2198:
2172:. Retrieved
2167:
2115:. Retrieved
2110:
2084:. Retrieved
2080:
2051:. Retrieved
2047:
1976:
1971:
1962:
1957:
1948:
1943:
1934:
1929:
1920:
1915:
1906:
1901:
1891:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1842:
1796:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1716:Kriegsmarine
1702:
1648:Kriegsmarine
1634:
1580:Regia Marina
1566:
1511:Regia Marina
1497:
1443:Kriegsmarine
1377:Regia Marina
1364:Le Tre Marie
1363:
1309:Regia Marina
1295:
1241:Regia Marina
1227:
1189:
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929:Le Tre Marie
928:
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896:
891:
885:
883:
875:
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864:
857:
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836:
835:Officers of
815:
810:
807:
804:
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164:Battles/wars
156:
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144:
139:
70:(2017-06-28)
68:28 June 2017
58:27 June 1917
39:
15:
2757:2017 deaths
2752:1917 births
2498:"No. 36474"
2232:"No. 35261"
1746: /
1678: /
1635:Brandenburg
1610: /
1541: /
1473: /
1407: /
1339: /
1271: /
1069:Brandenburg
623:Conte Rosso
532:Illustrious
523:Illustrious
2746:Categories
2347:iwm.org.uk
1802:References
1752: (
1684: (
1616: (
1547: (
1479: (
1413: (
1345: (
1277: (
1213:Combatant
1200:Ships sunk
1183:Horace Law
818:Max Horton
673:Upholder's
575:Leverkusen
400:Boknafjord
396:Neidenfels
392:Moltkefels
257:Royal Navy
235:Royal Navy
101:Royal Navy
79:Allegiance
54:1917-06-27
2605:uboat.net
2580:uboat.net
2522:uboat.net
2413:uboat.net
2281:uboat.net
2256:uboat.net
2111:uboat.net
1160:Loch Fada
933:Macedonia
662:Garibaldi
654:Garibaldi
628:In July,
423:Stavanger
408:Obrestadt
384:Skaggerak
323:Maidstone
271:HMS
247:Cuckfield
211:Spouse(s)
2429:cite web
2184:cite web
2127:cite web
1779:Upholder
1723:sunk at
1655:sunk at
1587:sunk at
1565:V 216 /
1518:sunk at
1498:Rastello
1450:sunk at
1431:UJ-2205
1384:sunk at
1316:sunk at
1296:Sportivo
1248:sunk at
1216:Tonnage
1153:Vanguard
1132:Tireless
1128:Tireless
1120:Tireless
1043:Rastello
925:Sportivo
752:Upholder
733:Vulcania
725:Neptunia
721:Upholder
709:Unbeaten
705:Upholder
693:Unbeaten
680:Upholder
658:Upholder
650:Upholder
630:Upholder
619:Upholder
615:Upholder
606:Upholder
598:Upholder
594:Upholder
586:Taormina
582:Upholder
571:Arcturus
567:Upholder
559:Upholder
551:Upholder
544:Upholder
539:Upholder
528:Upholder
513:Upholder
500:Upholder
482:Upholder
157:Tireless
135:Commands
87:Service/
2610:21 July
2585:21 July
2555:21 July
2527:21 July
2419:20 July
2352:20 July
2286:21 July
2261:21 July
2213:20 July
2174:20 July
2117:20 July
2086:22 July
2053:19 July
1848:19 July
1733:09°58′E
1730:43°08′N
1665:09°58′E
1662:43°08′N
1597:19°05′E
1594:40°30′N
1567:Fabiola
1528:17°27′E
1525:41°30′N
1460:13°13′E
1457:38°15′N
1394:17°11′E
1391:39°16′N
1326:12°08′E
1323:33°00′N
1258:11°02′E
1255:33°55′N
1194:Gosport
1190:Dolphin
1174:Dolphin
1146:Artemis
1055:Fabiola
1039:Hermada
946:In May
941:UJ-2205
904:damage.
729:Oceania
713:Upright
700:Upright
463:Sealion
441:Sealion
434:Sealion
416:Sealion
412:Sealion
388:Sealion
382:in the
372:Sealion
360:Sealion
356:Sealion
342:Sealion
332:Sealion
287:Revenge
221:Captain
119:Captain
110:1931–68
2734:
2720:
2706:
2692:
2678:
2664:
2650:
2636:
2477:
1787:Unseen
1783:Unseen
1720:2,600
1713:
1652:3,895
1645:
1577:
1508:
1447:1,168
1440:
1381:1,086
1374:
1313:1,598
1306:
1245:1,454
1238:
1122:(P327)
1111:Oberon
1101:Oberon
1093:Unseen
1085:Unseen
1077:Unseen
1065:Unseen
1061:Unseen
1047:Unseen
1029:Unseen
1022:Unseen
1014:Unseen
1002:Unseen
991:Unseen
972:Unseen
964:folbot
956:Unseen
948:Unseen
937:Unseen
917:Unseen
901:Unseen
897:Unseen
886:Unseen
876:Unseen
872:Unseen
867:Unseen
853:Unseen
849:Unseen
845:Unseen
837:Unseen
811:Unseen
799:Unseen
737:Ursula
717:Ursula
686:Ursula
404:Palime
380:Anholt
280:Malaya
273:Exeter
251:Sussex
229:&
203:&
197:Awards
159:(P327)
151:Oberon
145:Unseen
98:
89:branch
40:Unseen
1807:Notes
1793:Death
1703:Kreta
1219:Fate
1210:Ship
1207:Date
1167:Forth
1103:(N21)
1081:F 541
1073:Kreta
892:U-561
879:'
801:(P51)
791:Derry
780:Graph
764:U-570
758:Graph
745:Graph
563:Lampo
484:(N99)
455:Toran
429:Shark
419:'
334:(72S)
153:(P21)
147:(P51)
2732:ISBN
2718:ISBN
2704:ISBN
2690:ISBN
2676:ISBN
2662:ISBN
2648:ISBN
2634:ISBN
2612:2017
2587:2017
2557:2017
2529:2017
2475:ISBN
2435:link
2421:2017
2354:2017
2288:2017
2263:2017
2215:2017
2190:link
2176:2017
2133:link
2119:2017
2088:2017
2055:2017
1850:2017
1584:103
1515:985
1181:and
1172:HMS
1165:HMS
1158:HMS
1151:HMS
1144:HMS
1118:HMS
1109:HMS
1099:HMS
1051:V216
960:COPP
797:HMS
784:HMS
771:HMS
756:HMS
743:HMS
727:and
711:and
698:HMS
696:and
691:HMS
684:HMS
638:and
555:Arta
521:HMS
498:HMS
480:HMS
467:HMS
451:U-62
446:U-62
427:HMS
406:off
394:and
365:U-21
340:HMS
330:HMS
321:HMS
285:HMS
283:and
278:HMS
267:York
155:HMS
149:HMS
143:HMS
138:HMS
125:Unit
115:Rank
65:Died
48:Born
980:bar
786:H50
773:H50
496:in
490:L23
472:as
469:L23
231:Bar
227:DSC
205:Bar
140:H50
2748::
2603:.
2578:.
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346:,
56:)
52:(
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