38:
321:, to him, open access meant "open access without proprietary displays, without the need for special software, without the requirement for anything but the simplest of connections." His initial goal was to make the 10,000 most consulted books available to the public at little or no charge and to do so by the end of the 20th century.
387:
As many of you know, just 5 years ago or so
Australia's Parliament voted a resolution to resist those copyright extensions that had recently taken place in the US, EU, and other locations, but only a few years later tumbled into line after a few rounds of economic warfare levied upon them by The
247:) and chose to use his computer time for information distribution. Hart related that after his account was created on July 4, 1971, he wanted to "give back" by doing something that could be considered to be of great value. He happened to have with him a copy of the
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to solicit donations for the project. "I know that sounds odd to most people, but I just never bought into the money system all that much. I never spent it when I got it. It's all a matter of perspective". Hart's expenses were minimized by his habits of using
290:. As of 1987 he had typed in a total of 313 books in this fashion. Then, through being involved in the University of Illinois PC User Group and with assistance from Mark Zinzow, a programmer at the school, Hart was able to recruit volunteers and set up an
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operator and gave an account with a virtually unlimited amount of computer time; its value at that time has since been variously estimated at $ 100,000 or $ 100,000,000. Although the focus of computer use there tended to be
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Hart cobbled together a living with the money he earned as an adjunct professor and with grants and donations to
Project Gutenberg. He supported himself by doing odd jobs and used an unpaid appointment at
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Michael Hart's email messages and blog posts had equal line length paragraphs in monospaced font: he chose the wording in such a way that each line had the same number of characters.
220:, graduating in just two years with a degree in Human-Machine Interfaces. He then attended but did not complete graduate school. He was also, briefly, a street musician.
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celebration earlier that evening. He typed the text into the computer but was told that it would be unacceptable to transmit it to numerous people at once via
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During Hart's time at the
University of Illinois, the computer center gave Hart a user's account on its computer system; Hart's brother's best friend was the
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Hart was involved in an early effort in 1993 to develop a free and openly accessible "Internet
Encyclopedia", called "
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Michael Hart was born on March 8, 1947, in Tacoma, Washington. His father was an accountant and his mother, a former
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145:(March 8, 1947 – September 6, 2011) was an American author, best known as the inventor of the
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His overall outlook in the project was to develop in the least demanding format possible: as worded in
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and mailing lists for the project. With this, the project was able to grow much more rapidly.
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Sample writing from his last newsletter that was distributed in July 2011:
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590:"Michael Hart, 1947–2011, Defined the Landscape of Digital Publishing"
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Hart was an author and his works are available free of charge on the
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722:. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries. p.
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with free and expired copyrights. The first e-books were typed in
153:(PG), the first project to make e-books freely available via the
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Knowledge (XXG)'s
Heritage: Vision, Pragmatics, and Happenstance
718:
Literature in
English: A Guide for Librarians in the Digital Age
923:
348:". However, the effort did not go beyond the planning stage.
251:, which he had been given at a grocery store after watching
672:"Preserving the Public Domain: Interview with Michael Hart"
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875:
274:. Hart began posting text copies of such classics as the
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This was the beginning of
Project Gutenberg as the first
263:. Thus, to avoid crashing the e-mail system, he made the
208:, and his father and mother became college professors in
16:
American author, founder of
Project Gutenberg (1947–2011)
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129:
904:
Project
Gutenberg's Founder, the Inventor of the eBook
768:"Project Gutenberg creator Michael S. Hart dies at 64"
308:"Help Break Down the Bars of Ignorance and Illiteracy"
809:"Project Gutenberg Monthly Newsletter Archive, 2011"
310:"Give As Many eBooks to As Many People As Possible"
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467:"Michael Hart, inventor of the ebook, dies aged 64"
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306:"Encourage the Creation and Distribution of eBooks"
172:Hart devoted his life after founding PG in 1971 to
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514:"More about Project Gutenberg's Michael Hart, RIP"
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538:"Michael Hart (1947–2011): Prophet of Abundance"
486:"Michael Hart, a Pioneer of E-Books, Dies at 64"
161:years before the Internet existed, and later on
860:"gmonthly Project Gutenberg Monthly Newsletter"
841:"From Paper to the Internet: Project Gutenberg"
571:The History and Philosophy of Project Gutenberg
964:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign alumni
507:
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176:and distributing literature from works in the
301:The mission statements for the project were:
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373:at his home in Urbana, Illinois. He was 64.
634:"Michael Hart of Project Gutenberg Passes"
544:(blog), UK: Computer World, archived from
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761:
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653:"Michael Hart Builds A Digital Athenaeum"
588:Jensen, Michael Jon (12 September 2011).
249:United States Declaration of Independence
19:For other people named Michael Hart, see
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907:(Interview), Fried Beef, archived from
676:Open and Shut?: The Basement Interviews
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388:Mouse or other long copyright holders.
787:Schofield, Jack (13 September 2011).
512:Schofield, Jack (14 September 2011).
369:Hart died on September 6, 2011, of a
333:server. He was also a member of the
42:Michael Hart of Project Gutenberg at
7:
651:Frauenfelder, Mark (November 1998).
632:Kahle, Brewster (7 September 2011).
484:Grimes, William (8 September 2011).
747:Reagle, Joseph M Jr (2005), "3.2",
714:Day, B. H.; Wortman, W. A. (2000).
426:, Project Gutenberg, archived from
766:Langer, Emily (8 September 2011).
465:Flood, Alison (8 September 2011).
267:available for people to download.
216:, respectively. Hart attended the
14:
928:(interview) (in Telugu), Pustakam
858:Hart, Michael S. (20 July 2011).
670:Poynder, Richard (9 March 2006).
318:The Chronicle of Higher Education
823:"Michael Hart's Online Writings"
568:Hart, Michael S. (August 1992),
536:Moody, Glyn (8 September 2011),
974:Writers from Tacoma, Washington
1:
595:Chronicle of Higher Education
21:Michael Hart (disambiguation)
959:People from Urbana, Illinois
954:American non-fiction writers
359:Illinois Benedictine College
157:. He published e-books via
925:Michael Hart and Greg Newby
843:. InterText. Archived from
442:"Hobbes' Internet Timeline"
337:, which aims at creating a
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18:
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339:self-replicating machine
184:format and published as
789:"Michael Hart obituary"
398:History of the Internet
881:Hart's Online Writings
313:
218:University of Illinois
101:University of Illinois
969:Writers from Illinois
886:Works by Michael Hart
638:Brewster Kahle's blog
518:ZDNet's Tech Industry
303:
214:mathematics education
210:Shakespearean studies
876:Hart's personal page
839:(March–April 1995).
703:. 24 September 2011.
548:on 12 September 2011
896:Selected interviews
773:The Washington Post
657:The Wired 25 - 6.11
616:. 8 September 2011.
574:, Project Gutenberg
149:and the founder of
491:The New York Times
143:Michael Stern Hart
70:Tacoma, Washington
56:Michael Stern Hart
890:Project Gutenberg
331:Project Gutenberg
278:and the works of
230:Project Gutenberg
224:Project Gutenberg
151:Project Gutenberg
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119:Project Gutenberg
81:September 6, 2011
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325:Other activities
257:Independence Day
206:Urbana, Illinois
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89:Urbana, Illinois
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46:Conference, 2006
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870:External links
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847:on 2014-07-14.
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695:"Michael Hart"
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430:on 6 July 2017
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292:infrastructure
228:Main article:
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167:Gopher servers
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115:Known for
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85:(aged 64)
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66:March 8, 1947
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913:, retrieved
909:the original
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837:Snell, Jason
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794:The Guardian
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445:. Retrieved
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428:the original
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371:heart attack
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296:mirror sites
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202:World War II
198:cryptanalyst
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142:
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83:(2011-09-06)
949:2011 deaths
944:1947 births
447:17 February
284:Shakespeare
938:Categories
915:2010-01-25
404:References
346:Interpedia
288:Mark Twain
192:Early life
186:text files
182:plain text
174:digitizing
107:Occupation
62:1947-03-08
253:fireworks
236:mainframe
392:See also
255:for the
245:Internet
155:Internet
200:during
159:ARPANET
125:Website
44:H.O.P.E
730:
682:in pdf
286:, and
265:e-text
261:e-mail
147:e-book
132:.pglaf
110:Author
91:, U.S.
72:, U.S.
280:Homer
276:Bible
728:ISBN
449:2009
212:and
134:.org
130:hart
78:Died
52:Born
888:at
724:170
294:of
163:BBS
940::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
