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356:"No matter what option I choose, I see my Sister de l'Assomption in danger of an imminent death. If we don't operate, she will surely die within a few days, since she is getting worse by the day; and to attempt an operation will nearly inevitably lead to her death, since there is hardly any hope that she could sustain it and even less hope that she could recover from it". The operation was a resounding success, and the
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anchored in Québec, the
Diligente, and thus was in charge of medical procedure surrounding the ordeal. While there was no treatment for smallpox, Sarrazin was successful in preventing the spread of disease and in alleviating the pain of his patients by administering cold baths for the fever and powder for the sores.
197:, and became a trusted reference often called upon for medical advice. The lack of registered doctors at the time gave a lot of power to Sarrazin, placing him in a position of high authority. Sarrazin was responsible for identifying the competence of practitioners and had to approve the choice of surgeons for l'
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In 1699, he was named head doctor of New France. The main goal of
Sarrazin's practice was to help the sick restore their health while gaining an understanding of the social and scientific causes of disease. His role was to treat the sick in hospitals in New France and prescribe remedies, but was not
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Sarrazin received some medical training in France before he was appointed as surgeon to the King's troops in the colony of New France in 1685. This position required him to minister to both soldiers and town inhabitants. He was quickly noticed for his medical skill, and within a year was promoted to
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Her father, Francois Hazeur, was a prominent businessman and seigneur, and consequently
Sarrazin received the seigneuries of Grande-Vallée and of Anse-de l'Étang. Marie-Anne gave birth to seven children, three of which died in infancy. Upon Sarrazin's death, Marie-Anne was left destitute, having to
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of the Académie Royale des
Sciences, Sarrazin consistently sent samples back to Paris, with no expectation of recognition. New France's uncharted lands proved challenging to botanists, as Sarrazin stated in his correspondence, "I could cross all of Europe more easily, and with less danger, than I
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Sarrazin returned to New France in 1697 with a renewed interest in both medicine and natural sciences. As if to show how much his expertise was valued in the colony, he was put to work before he even set foot on shore. While on the voyage, the ship experienced an outbreak of "purple fever", or
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Sarrazin was also a surgeon, and although he was not permitted to diagnose illnesses or prescribe medication, he was adept at healing fractures, bandaging wounds, draining abscesses and bleeding patients. Sarrazin was the only certified surgeon present during a smallpox epidemic aboard a ship
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Little is known of Michel
Sarrazin's early life. His mother was Madeleine de Bonnefoy, and his father was Claude Sarrazin, an official at the Abbey of Cîteaux. He had two brothers, one who became a priest, and another, Claude, who was an attorney. Both of Sarrazin's brothers remained in their
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After having completed his studies in France and returned to New France, no family member was awaiting
Sarrazin's arrival in the colony. It was not until June 20, 1712, fifteen years after his return and at the age of fifty, that Sarrazin married Marie-Anne Hazeur, a former pupil of the
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The Michel
Sarrazin Award recognizes the scientific career and outstanding contribution of an experienced Québécois scientist. It is awarded annually to a scientist who, through innovation and productivity, has contributed in vital ways to the advancement of biomedical research.
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Through his work, Sarrazin was constantly exposed to sickness and disease. In 1692 he fell seriously ill, spending about a month in hospital recovering. Around this time, he expressed some desire to join the church, and in 1693, temporarily withdrew from society.
208:, give advice in judicial matters, and provide affidavits of miraculous cures at the shrine of Sainte-Anne de Beaupré. Apart from briefly returning to France in 1709–1710, Sarrazin remained in the colony practicing medicine until his death at age 75.
302:, compiled the documents and specimens sent to New France from Sarrazin into a book published in 1708 titled "Histoires des plantes de Canada". This was the first French botanical text of this nature studying North American flora and fauna.
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Back in the colony, Sarrazin resumed his medical practice, armed with the knowledge and credentials he had gained while in France. His skills were valued in the colony, and as the leading medical professional, he was held in high esteem.
286:, for epileptic seizures, and l'Angelica Canadensis tenufolia asphodeli radice which can be used as a sedative. Moreover, the native people of New France taught Sarrazin that the sap from Arbor acadiensis could be used to treat sores.
160:, who introduced him to botany and "stimulated a lifelong interest in collecting and classifying". Sarrazin would later become a "correspondant" to Tournefort, and their relationship provided Sarrazin with an important link to the
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The Maison Michel-Sarrazin is a private palliative care, non-profit hospital. The House opened its doors in 1985 and since then has treated over 7,000 patients. In 2010, the House celebrated its 25th anniversary.
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family, which was one, "among the number of unique plants of that country". Sarrazin grew ginseng in his garden for future study, and sent the first sample of the specimen back to the Jardin du Roi in 1701.
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Despite his high ranking position as one of the few colonial intellectuals, Sarrazin faced chronic financial struggles, and died in poverty at age seventy-five, leaving a widow and four children.
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As
Surgeon Major, Sarrazin travelled extensively with troops on expeditions to provide them with medical care. When he wasn't with the troops, Sarrazin was kept busy travelling between the
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only during two brief periods. While in New France, his medical skills were constantly in demand, and he quickly rose in the ranks, becoming one of the colonial elite.
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Sarrazin developed a vast knowledge of both the cultural and natural world of New France, and is credited being one of the first scientists to systematically catalogue
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By 1694, however, he decided to return to France to continue his studies in medicine. He was encouraged to return quickly by colonial authorities including
Indendant
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Parsons, Christopher. "Plants and
Peoples: French and Indigenous Botanical Knowledges in Colonial North America, 1600–1760." PhD diss., University of Toronto, 2011.
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trees, which can be found in "Observations botaniques". Moreover, Sarrazin printed his observations on the fauna of New France as well, notably describing the
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in his honor. He maintained that this plant caught insects and ate them, a theory which was dismissed by the academic community. It was only later, when
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in France, sending fellow scientists numerous specimens of North American plants, as well as detailed descriptions of dissections of animals.
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Young, Kathryn A. (Autumn 1993). "Crown agent-Canadian correspondent: Michel Sarrazin and the Académie Royale des Sciences, 1697–1734".
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Caron, Wilfred-M. "History of Canadian Surgery: The Early Surgeons of Quebec." Canadian Journal of Surgery. 8. (July 1965): 239–53.
273:, that this was validated. This plant, found mainly in bogs and marshes around Québec, proved to be an effective treatment for
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However, Sarrazin's work remained largely unpublished. His only publication by the Académie Royale des Sciences discussed the
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This painting is usually thought to be of Michel Sarrazin, however there is some debate as to whether or not this is true.
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Gauthier, Jean-Richard. Michel Sarrazin : un médecin du roi en Nouvelle-France. Sillery, Quebec: Septentrion, 2007.
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Other discoveries included l'Arum Canadense, which could treat tumours, l'Aralia canadensis, which treats ulcers,
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He was not paid for his work directly by his patients, but instead received a yearly sum from the King of France,
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and a member of the Conseil Superieur, and held considerable influence in the colony. He had a great interest in
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of the Congregation Notre-Dame in Montréal. Sarrazin's own concerns for the nun are apparent in his writings;
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Tondreau, R. L. (October 1963). "Michel Sarrazin (1659-1734): The Father Of French Canadian Science".
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in North America. The surgery was performed on Sister Marie Barbier de l'Assomption, who had been
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On May 29, 1700, at the Hotel-Dieu of Québec, Sarrazin performed what seems to be the first
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Tard, Louis-Martin. Michel Sarrazin: le premier scientific du Canada. Montreal: XYZ, 1996.
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rely on her husband's pension, and later returned to live with her brother, Canon Hazeur.
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Eccles, W. J. Canada Under Louis XIV 1663–1701. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1964.
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and samples found in New France, resulting in many important botanical discoveries.
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Un biologiste canadien: Michel Sarrazin 1659–1735, Sa vie, ses travaux et son temps
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Surgeon Major, becoming the first person to hold this position in the colony.
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Transactions and Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia
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The most interesting specimen discovered by Sarrazin is likely
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37:(5 September 1659 – 8 September 1734), was an early Canadian
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Back in France, Sarrazin spent three years studying in both
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lived for another 39 years, passing away at the age of 77.
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In addition, Sarrazin was also called upon to perform
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Canadian surgeon, physician, scientist and naturalist
103:Arrival in Colony and Return to France (1685–1697)
99:hometown of Nuits-sous-Beaune, and died in 1731.
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536:"Daily Life: Health and Medicine"
156:, where he met and studied under
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309:extraction process of Canadian
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78:Académie Royale des Sciences
641:"Sarrazin, Michel S."
294:could cross 100 leagues in
158:Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
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468:French Historical Studies
601:"Maison Michel Sarrazin"
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585:Vallée, Arthur (1927).
387:Le Prix Michel Sarrazin
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271:Insectivorous Plants
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371:Sarracenia purpurea
252:Sarracenia purpurea
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442:"Sarrazin, Michel"
300:Sebastien Vaillant
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212:Family life
113:Hotels-dieu
661:Categories
612:References
347:mastectomy
329:, and the
262:Sarracenia
195:apothecary
94:Early life
85:ecosystems
59:New France
51:naturalist
331:wolverine
323:porcupine
219:Ursulines
206:autopsies
128:Louis XIV
47:scientist
43:physician
518:14072248
275:smallpox
257:Linnaeus
121:Montreal
70:seigneur
55:Burgundy
319:muskrat
243:ginseng
170:purpura
39:surgeon
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488:286874
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448:Feb 2,
325:, the
321:, the
317:, the
315:beaver
296:Canada
181:Career
117:Québec
74:botany
63:France
484:JSTOR
396:Notes
311:maple
307:syrup
289:As a
150:Reims
146:Paris
569:2018
544:2013
514:PMID
450:2013
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