31:
86:
108:
97:
535:
563:
75:
440:
574:, Colli commanded 20,000 Piedmontese troops and 5,000 Austrians in the so-called Auxiliary Corps. Colli's troops were camped near Mondovì and Ceva. Beaulieu led 32,000 infantry, 5,000 cavalry, and 148 guns, not counting the Auxiliary Corps, but the number of soldiers present for duty was probably less. On 10 April 1796, Beaulieu attacked the French at
543:
1796, Costa noted that Colli felt that he was in an awkward situation, working for two masters, Austria and
Sardinia. Costa remarked that Colli was not consumed by the greed for material wealth that other generals displayed. Sometimes Colli's war wounds caused him to be carried around on a stretcher. In mid-March 1796, the 70-year-old
542:
Colli was described by his
Piedmontese chief of staff C. A. Costa de Beauregard as, "of medium height and very thin; an aquiline nose, a very small graceful mouth, and very lively, big blue eyes, gave him a very remarkable face. He joined to this much natural intelligence and great finesse". In early
550:
Unfortunately, relations between the
Sardinian kingdom and their Austrian allies were strained. The Austrian government gave Beaulieu secret instructions warning him that the Piedmontese might drop out of the war or even change sides. So, despite Colli being a personal friend, Beaulieu could not
467:
on 12 June. The French were repulsed with losses of 280 killed and 1,252 wounded. Saint-André commanded the sector, but Colli was the local commander who defeated the French attacks on the 8 and 12 June. Another French attack on
Authion was defeated at the end of July 1793. Historian
526:, losing 3,500 killed and wounded, 4,000 prisoners, and 48 guns. However, the victory was not exploited because the French troops were badly supplied and Schérer's nerve failed him. At some point after Loano, Colli was appointed to overall command of Sardinia's army.
522:. The French division under SĂ©rurier attacked Colli on the Allied right flank, but after fierce fighting was repulsed by the Piedmontese. Meanwhile, the Austrians in the center and on the left flank were overwhelmed by the French divisions of Massena and
609:
on 19 April, Colli's
Piedmontese again repulsed a French attack. However, Colli called a council of war at which it was decided to retreat to Mondovì. The French launched a rapid pursuit that overran Colli's defenses and routed his army in the
618:. Historian Martin Boycott-Brown wrote, "If the Austrians had chosen to concentrate closer to the Piedmontese positions, as Colli had wanted, it would have been less easy for Bonaparte to effect their separation".
1468:
582:'s army, in which Massena led two divisions numbering 8,614 and 9,526 men, Augereau's division counted 10,117 men, and SĂ©rurier's division mustered 9,448 men. Of these, the French at Voltri counted 5,000 men.
700:
on 9 February. The French hoped to appropriate the valuables stored at the House of
Loretto, but Colli had already removed most of them to a safer location. On 19 February, the pope was forced to sign the
1319:
The Armies of the First French
Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I: The Army of Italy (1796-1797), Paris and the Army of the Interior (1792-1797), The Coup d'Etat of Fructidor (September
289:
in 1738. His father
Giuseppe Antonio Colli (1698–1766) had represented Vigevano with the Habsburg government in Milan and was granted a title of nobility. Well educated, Colli was commissioned as an
625:
with 2 infantry battalions and 2 cavalry squadrons. After the French outflanked
Beaulieu, Colli was instructed to retreat through Milan and leave a garrison there. His small force crossed the
1473:
538:
Bonaparte severed the link between the
Austrian and Sardinian armies near Dego, then turned west against Colli. The decisive battle was fought at Mondovì and peace was signed at Cherasco.
1478:
1513:
429:
30:
1508:
601:
cost the French 700 casualties, but ended when the survivors of the 988 Austrian-Sardinian force surrendered on 14 April. Colli's army fended off a French attack in the
1483:
1297:
The Armies of the First French Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I: The Armies in the West 1793 to 1797 and The Armies in the South 1793 to March 1796
708:
Later, Colli served in the Kingdom of Naples army. From 5 March 1804 to 10 December 1807 he served as an Austrian Envoy extraordinary and Minister plenipotentiary in
495:
on 17 April. Massena then turned west and stormed the Colle Ardente. The Saorge position was outflanked on its left and attacked in front by the divisions of
401:
was unable to conclude a defense treaty with Habsburg Austria until 22 September 1792. By then it was too late because two days later, the French occupied
559:. This proved to be a mistake. Colli worried that while Beaulieu's troops were involved near Genoa, the French might attack the Piedmontese army instead.
1463:
413:
thanks to the incompetence of his generals, Victor Amadeus asked the Austrians to provide his kingdom with an overall commander. On 21 December 1792,
432:, but only if de Vins approved. Unfortunately, Colli and Saint-André did not like each other. Also, the Piedmontese officer corps detested de Vins'
1377:
621:
The Armistice of Cherasco released Colli from his obligations to Victor Amadeus, so he joined Beaulieu's army and was assigned to guard the upper
424:
were also loaned to the Sardinian kingdom. De Vins imposed a very awkward chain of command. He intended to direct operations from the capital at
547:
was promoted Feldzeugmeister and appointed to replace Wallis as commander of the Austrian army in Italy. Beaulieu and Colli were old friends.
1360:
1327:
1304:
515:
1444:
1430:
551:
confide in him, nor could the two generals work out a coherent allied strategy. Beaulieu proceeded to mass his troops to attack across the
487:'s French army turned the eastern flank of the Saorge defenses which were held by Colli and 16,000 Piedmontese soldiers. With 20,000 men,
614:
on 21 April. The next day, Victor Amadeus asked for an armistice and notified Colli. The armistice was signed at 2:00 am on 28 April at
214:
157:
496:
605:
but withdrew west that night. At this time, Colli received information that Beaulieu intended to retreat to the north. In a clash at
1425:
1349:
1248:
1226:
1204:
578:
with about 7,000 Austrians. Farther west, Argenteau's Austrian division had 9,000 infantry and 340 cavalry. They were opposed by
455:(Saorgio). This line was based on defensive redoubts. From Saorge, the line curved to the northeast toward the Colle Ardente and
480:
179:
1401:
638:
464:
398:
353:
345:
250:
246:
174:
152:
1498:
421:
265:
in a swift campaign that knocked Sardinia-Piedmont out of the war. In early 1797, he was given command of the army of the
460:
394:
258:
664:
as directed and rejoined Beaulieu with his cavalry. This action ended Colli's tenure with the Austrian army of Italy.
1503:
254:
169:
511:
369:
162:
688:, so he decided to resist the French. Colli was in command of the army of the Papal States, but he never left
447:
The Piedmontese defenses in the south were based on a 20 mi (32 km) long line of peaks running from
523:
484:
417:
302:
140:
606:
473:
122:
594:
544:
390:
1179:
680:
with 4,000 infantry and 600 cavalry. Victor was joined by some newly-recruited Italian allied troops.
534:
491:
thrust east along the coast, then turned north. Massena drove off forces under Argenteau and captured
1493:
1488:
1314:
1292:
673:
611:
590:
500:
189:
702:
653:
634:
598:
571:
306:
242:
194:
135:
90:
85:
579:
262:
1440:
1345:
1323:
1300:
1244:
1236:
1222:
1214:
1200:
646:
310:
234:
112:
107:
693:
685:
586:
510:
On 22 November 1795, de Vins became too sick to command and was replaced by Feldzeugmeister
488:
456:
448:
373:
322:
298:
270:
199:
145:
519:
414:
238:
79:
74:
1276:
344:(Lieutenant Colonel) on 1 November 1768. He led a battalion in the main army during the
622:
602:
552:
472:
named Colli as the Piedmontese commander in the 12 June engagement. Colli was promoted
433:
410:
406:
341:
184:
562:
1457:
629:
and rejoined Beaulieu's army on 10 May 1796. Colli commanded Beaulieu's left wing at
656:, he marched there with his forces. However, when Beaulieu ordered a retreat to the
439:
1405:
681:
677:
637:
on 30 May. Under his command were 2,583 infantry and 80 cavalry under Generalmajor
626:
504:
365:
266:
101:
96:
1259:
503:. Colli's troops were driven out of Saorge on 28 April and the French seized the
1337:
469:
402:
290:
1419:
In this entry, the Bouvier and Wurzbach references are translated into English.
420:
was selected to fill the post. At about the same time, Colli and Generalmajor
318:
1436:
713:
615:
361:
333:
314:
282:
62:
46:
709:
649:
352:(Colonel) on 1 May 1779 and assigned to the Milan garrison. During the
451:
in the west through the Col de Raus, Authion massif, Colle Basse, and
697:
661:
575:
463:
began a series of attacks on these positions which culminated in the
452:
357:
349:
368:
on 26 December 1788 to date from 30 November 1788. He fought at the
332:
Infantry Regiment Nr. 23 on 1 May 1764. He received the noble title
589:
was rapidly followed by the defeats of Argenteau's division at the
657:
642:
630:
561:
556:
533:
492:
438:
425:
360:(Esseg) in December 1787. His bravery was noted in the capture of
286:
50:
930:
928:
915:
913:
689:
734:
732:
730:
728:
328:
When the General Staff was reduced, Colli transferred to the
1361:"Austrian Generals of 1792-1815: Colli da Vigevano, Michael"
696:(Castel Bolognese) on 3 February 1797, then easily captured
372:
where he was badly wounded. He became the vice-commander of
1378:"Biographisches Lexikon des Kaisertums Ă–sterreich, vol. 02"
1469:
Austrian military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
1279:. West Point, N.Y.: U.S. Military Academy Printing Office
804:
802:
800:
798:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
281:
Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi was born in either
660:, Colli sent Rukavina's brigade into the fortress of
428:. Meanwhile, Colli was ordered to obey his superior,
684:
thought that the French army was weakened after the
652:. As soon as Colli found that the French had seized
261:for three years. In 1796, his army was defeated by
210:
128:
118:
68:
56:
40:
21:
1277:"The Campaigns of Napoleon Bonaparte of 1796–1797"
459:. In May and June 1793, the French army commander
1474:Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
297:Infantry Regiment Nr. 15. He transferred to the
1479:Italian people of the French Revolutionary Wars
1138:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
958:
946:
934:
919:
832:
820:
738:
705:at an exorbitant cost in specie and jewels.
1197:The Road to Rivoli: Napoleon's First Campaign
8:
430:Charles-François Thaon, Count of Saint-André
237:army as a commissioned officer and became a
1514:Military personnel of the Habsburg monarchy
1322:. Vol. 4. Pickle Partners Publishing.
1299:. Vol. 3. Pickle Partners Publishing.
765:
692:. Victor dispersed the papal forces at the
340:Infantry Regiment Nr. 48 with the rank of
18:
1260:"Annals of the Wars: 1783–1795, Volume 4"
1182:(in French). Paris: Librarie LĂ©opold Gerf
321:(Captain) in 1758. He was wounded at the
1509:People of the War of the First Coalition
1426:"COLLI, Michelangelo Alessandro, barone"
1162:
904:
808:
777:
1484:18th-century Italian military personnel
1402:"Colli-Marchi, Michelangelo Alessandro"
1150:
892:
868:
844:
789:
724:
1359:Smith, Digby; Kudrna, Leopold (2008).
514:. The next day, the French army under
233:(1738 – 22 December 1808) entered the
1262:. London: Mitchell's Military Library
1018:
336:in 1764. He transferred again to the
309:with distinction. He was promoted to
7:
1431:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
880:
856:
223:Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi
35:Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi
23:Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi
1437:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
1433:, Volume 27: Collenuccio–Confortini
672:On 21 January 1797, Bonaparte sent
215:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
1199:. London, U.K.: Cassell & Co.
269:, but his troops were defeated at
14:
1464:Generals of former Italian states
1404:. historydata.com. Archived from
1241:Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars
293:(Ensign) at the age of 18 in the
106:
95:
84:
73:
29:
1400:Boycott-Brown, Martin (2001b).
1195:Boycott-Brown, Martin (2001a).
516:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
497:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
389:Though it was obvious that the
356:he led his troops in battle at
639:Mathias Rukavina von Boynograd
346:War of the Bavarian Succession
305:in 1757. He fought during the
247:War of the Bavarian Succession
158:Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791)
153:War of the Bavarian Succession
1:
1342:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
1243:. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan.
1221:. New York, N.Y.: Macmillan.
676:on an expedition against the
585:The Austrian victory at the
461:Gaspard Jean-Baptiste Brunet
395:Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
259:Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont
1376:Wurzbach, Constant (1857).
364:. He received promotion to
1530:
1424:Bertelli, Viviana (1982).
422:Eugène-Guillaume Argenteau
255:War of the First Coalition
170:War of the First Coalition
60:22 December 1808 (aged 70)
1219:The Campaigns of Napoleon
313:in December 1757, and to
28:
1275:Fiebeger, G. J. (1911).
512:Olivier, Count of Wallis
481:Second Battle of Saorgio
227:Michelangelo da Vigevano
180:Second Battle of Saorgio
1178:Bouvier, FĂ©lix (1902).
766:Smith & Kudrna 2008
524:Charles-Pierre Augereau
485:Pierre Jadart Dumerbion
465:First Battle of Saorgio
418:Joseph Nikolaus de Vins
399:King Victor Amadeus III
257:, he was loaned to the
175:First Battle of Saorgio
716:on 22 December 1808.
567:
539:
476:on 29 December 1793.
474:Feldmarschall-Leutnant
444:
241:after fighting in the
123:Feldmarschall-Leutnant
1363:. napoleon-series.org
1344:. London: Greenhill.
1315:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1293:Phipps, Ramsay Weston
1258:Cust, Edward (1859).
1180:"Bonaparte en Italie"
595:Second Battle of Dego
565:
545:Johann Peter Beaulieu
537:
518:attacked to open the
442:
391:First French Republic
348:. Colli was promoted
1499:People from Vigevano
1435:(in Italian). Rome:
674:Claude-Victor Perrin
591:Battle of Montenotte
570:At the start of the
1380:(in German). Vienna
1153:, pp. 147–150.
1139:Boycott-Brown 2001a
1127:Boycott-Brown 2001a
1115:Boycott-Brown 2001a
1103:Boycott-Brown 2001a
1091:Boycott-Brown 2001a
1079:Boycott-Brown 2001a
1067:Boycott-Brown 2001a
1057:, pp. 270–273.
1055:Boycott-Brown 2001a
1045:, pp. 265–270.
1043:Boycott-Brown 2001a
1033:, pp. 260–263.
1031:Boycott-Brown 2001a
1021:, pp. 111–112.
1009:, pp. 194–196.
1007:Boycott-Brown 2001a
995:Boycott-Brown 2001a
983:Boycott-Brown 2001a
971:Boycott-Brown 2001a
959:Boycott-Brown 2001a
947:Boycott-Brown 2001a
935:Boycott-Brown 2001a
920:Boycott-Brown 2001a
895:, pp. 262–267.
833:Boycott-Brown 2001a
821:Boycott-Brown 2001a
739:Boycott-Brown 2001a
703:Treaty of Tolentino
654:Valeggio sul Mincio
635:Battle of Borghetto
607:San Michele Mondovì
599:Battle of Millesimo
572:Montenotte campaign
443:Massif de l'Authion
374:Josefstadt fortress
195:Battle of Borghetto
91:Kingdom of Sardinia
1237:Chandler, David G.
1215:Chandler, David G.
580:Napoleon Bonaparte
568:
540:
445:
405:. Having lost the
354:Austro-Turkish War
301:and served at the
263:Napoleon Bonaparte
251:Austro-Turkish War
1504:Austrian generals
1329:978-1-908692-27-6
1306:978-1-908692-26-9
823:, pp. 74–78.
647:Kingdom of Naples
612:Battle of Mondovì
501:François Macquard
393:would invade the
370:Siege of Belgrade
235:Habsburg Austrian
220:
219:
190:Battle of Mondovì
163:Siege of Belgrade
113:Kingdom of Naples
16:Sardinian General
1521:
1450:
1446:978-8-81200032-6
1417:
1415:
1413:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1355:
1333:
1310:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1254:
1232:
1210:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
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1118:
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1100:
1094:
1088:
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1058:
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1004:
998:
992:
986:
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974:
968:
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944:
938:
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917:
908:
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896:
890:
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872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
812:
806:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
742:
736:
694:Battle of Faenza
686:Battle of Arcole
587:Battle of Voltri
457:Monte Saccarello
323:Battle of Torgau
307:Seven Years' War
303:Battle of Prague
243:Seven Years' War
200:Battle of Faenza
146:Battle of Torgau
141:Battle of Prague
136:Seven Years' War
111:
110:
100:
99:
89:
88:
78:
77:
33:
19:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1423:
1411:
1409:
1408:on 20 July 2011
1399:
1396:
1394:Further reading
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1381:
1375:
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815:
807:
796:
788:
784:
776:
772:
764:
745:
737:
726:
722:
670:
641:, 518 Austrian
566:Johann Beaulieu
532:
520:Battle of Loano
483:in April 1794,
415:Feldzeugmeister
387:
382:
380:Italian service
279:
239:general officer
206:
105:
104:
94:
93:
83:
82:
80:Austrian Empire
72:
61:
45:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1527:
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1511:
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1501:
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1249:
1233:
1227:
1211:
1205:
1192:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1141:, p. 355.
1131:
1129:, p. 353.
1119:
1117:, p. 351.
1107:
1105:, p. 316.
1095:
1093:, p. 305.
1083:
1081:, p. 298.
1071:
1069:, p. 280.
1059:
1047:
1035:
1023:
1011:
999:
997:, p. 167.
987:
985:, p. 169.
975:
973:, p. 161.
963:
961:, p. 137.
951:
949:, p. 132.
939:
937:, p. 136.
924:
922:, p. 283.
909:
897:
885:
883:, p. 238.
873:
861:
859:, p. 137.
849:
837:
825:
813:
811:, p. 411.
794:
792:, p. 685.
782:
770:
743:
741:, p. 135.
723:
721:
718:
669:
666:
603:Battle of Ceva
553:Bocchetta Pass
531:
528:
436:Argenteau.
434:chief of staff
411:County of Nice
407:Duchy of Savoy
386:
383:
381:
378:
342:Oberstleutnant
278:
275:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
205:
204:
203:
202:
197:
192:
187:
185:Battle of Ceva
182:
177:
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58:
54:
53:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1351:1-85367-276-9
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1250:0-02-523670-9
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1228:0-02-523660-1
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1206:0-304-35305-1
1202:
1198:
1193:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1164:
1163:Fiebeger 1911
1159:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
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1087:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1072:
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1063:
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1032:
1027:
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1020:
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984:
979:
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964:
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952:
948:
943:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
916:
914:
910:
907:, p. 38.
906:
905:Chandler 1966
901:
898:
894:
889:
886:
882:
877:
874:
871:, p. 88.
870:
865:
862:
858:
853:
850:
847:, p. 85.
846:
841:
838:
835:, p. 88.
834:
829:
826:
822:
817:
814:
810:
809:Wurzbach 1857
805:
803:
801:
799:
795:
791:
786:
783:
780:, p. 99.
779:
778:Chandler 1979
774:
771:
767:
762:
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756:
754:
752:
750:
748:
744:
740:
735:
733:
731:
729:
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719:
717:
715:
712:. He died at
711:
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619:
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583:
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529:
527:
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521:
517:
513:
508:
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498:
494:
490:
489:André Massena
486:
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477:
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471:
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458:
454:
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449:Roquebillière
441:
437:
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384:
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316:
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311:Unterleutnant
308:
304:
300:
299:General Staff
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
274:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
253:. During the
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
231:Michael Colli
228:
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109:
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67:
64:
59:
55:
52:
48:
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
1429:
1418:
1410:. Retrieved
1406:the original
1382:. Retrieved
1365:. Retrieved
1341:
1338:Smith, Digby
1318:
1296:
1281:. Retrieved
1264:. Retrieved
1240:
1218:
1196:
1184:. Retrieved
1165:, p. 8.
1158:
1151:Phipps 2011b
1146:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1014:
1002:
990:
978:
966:
954:
942:
900:
893:Phipps 2011a
888:
876:
869:Phipps 2011a
864:
852:
845:Phipps 2011a
840:
828:
816:
790:Bouvier 1902
785:
773:
707:
682:Pope Pius VI
678:Papal States
671:
668:Later career
623:Ticino River
620:
584:
569:
549:
541:
509:
505:Col de Tende
478:
446:
388:
366:Generalmajor
337:
329:
327:
294:
280:
277:Early career
267:Papal States
230:
226:
222:
221:
129:Battles/wars
102:Papal States
1494:1808 deaths
1489:1738 births
633:during the
470:Digby Smith
376:in 1789.
295:Pallavacini
1458:Categories
1317:(2011b) .
1295:(2011a) .
1172:References
1019:Smith 1998
645:, and 377
627:Adda River
325:in 1760.
69:Allegiance
1384:31 August
1367:31 August
1283:31 August
1266:31 August
1186:31 August
881:Cust 1859
857:Cust 1859
385:1792–1795
319:Hauptmann
1340:(1998).
1239:(1979).
1217:(1966).
714:Florence
650:dragoons
616:Cherasco
593:and the
403:Chambéry
334:Freiherr
315:Leutnant
291:Fähnrich
283:Vigevano
63:Florence
47:Vigevano
710:Etruria
555:toward
479:In the
338:Caprara
1443:
1412:16 May
1348:
1326:
1303:
1247:
1225:
1203:
698:Ancona
662:Mantua
643:Uhlans
597:. The
576:Voltri
453:Saorge
358:Osijek
350:Oberst
271:Faenza
249:, and
211:Awards
1320:1797)
720:Notes
658:Tyrol
631:Goito
557:Genoa
493:Ormea
426:Turin
362:Ĺ abac
330:Baden
287:Milan
51:Milan
1441:ISBN
1414:2011
1386:2023
1369:2023
1346:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1285:2023
1268:2023
1245:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1201:ISBN
1188:2023
690:Rome
530:1796
499:and
409:and
317:and
119:Rank
57:Died
44:1738
41:Born
507:.
285:or
229:or
225:or
49:or
1460::
1439:.
1428:.
927:^
912:^
797:^
746:^
727:^
397:,
273:.
245:,
1449:.
1416:.
1388:.
1371:.
1354:.
1332:.
1309:.
1287:.
1270:.
1253:.
1231:.
1209:.
1190:.
768:.
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