Micro Four Thirds system

846:(requires the same shutter speed), therefore the ISO setting must differ to compensate for the f-stop difference. The use of this is only to let us compare the effectiveness of the sensors given the same amount of light hitting them. In normal photography with any one camera, equivalence is not necessarily an issue: there are several lenses faster than f/2.4 for Micro Four Thirds (see the tables under Fixed Focal Length Lenses, below), and there are certainly many lenses faster than f/4.8 for full frame. Although they can have shallower depth of field than a Nikon 1 at f/1.7, it can be seen as advantageous. However, a further aspect of image resolution is limitation by 244:. The small lenses do not allow the noise depth-of-field tradeoffs of larger lenses in other systems. Many, but not all Micro Four Thirds cameras use an electronic viewfinder. Resolutions and refresh speeds on these EVF displays were originally compared negatively to optical viewfinders, but today's EVF systems are faster, brighter and much higher resolution than the original displays. Original Micro Four Thirds cameras used a contrast-detection autofocus system, slower than the phase-detect autofocus that is standard on DSLRs. To this day, most Micro Four Thirds cameras continue to use a contrast-based focusing system. Although some current models, such as the 1722: 1741: 1391: 265: 1702: 790:

Olympus then introduced the first live view DSLR camera, which incorporated both traditional DSLR phase focus and also optional contrast detection focus. As a result, newer Four Thirds system lenses were designed both for PDAF and contrast focus. Several of the Four Thirds lenses focus on Micro Four Thirds proficiently when an electrically compatible adapter is used on the Micro Four Thirds cameras, and they focus on Micro Four Thirds cameras much quicker than earlier generation Four Thirds lenses can.

1759: 31: 1161: 763:, Canon, Nikon, and Pentax, amongst others. In fact, almost any still camera, movie or video camera interchangeable lens that has a flange focal distance greater than or marginally less than 20 mm can often be used on MFT bodies via an adapter. While MFT cameras can use many of these "legacy" lenses only with manual focus and manual aperture control mode, hundreds of lenses are available, even those designed for cameras no longer in production. 1252: 1440: 1399: 206: 6007: 667: 1085: 5625: 1618: 1241: 6017: 233:, and interchangeable lenses. There are many lenses available. On top of this, a large number of other lenses (even from the analogue film era) can be fitted using an adapter. Different lenses yield greater creative possibilities. However, Micro Four Thirds cameras also tend to be slightly larger, heavier and more expensive than compact cameras. 1826:

non-OIS lenses. Of all Panasonic lenses only few with short focal lengths, and therefore wide angles of view and low susceptibility to image shaking, are not image stabilized, including the 8 mm fisheye, 7–14 mm wide angle zoom, 14 mm prime, the 15 mm prime, the 20 mm prime and the 25 mm prime.

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this reason, MFT lenses can be smaller and lighter because to achieve the equivalent 35 mm film camera field of view, the MFT focal length is much shorter. See the table of lenses below to understand the differences better. For comparison, typical DSLR sensors, such as Canon's APS-C sensors, have a crop factor of 1.6.

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from low- to high-quality are readily available for purchase online. Canon FD, Nikon F (G lenses require special adapters), MD/MC, Leica M, M42 Screw Mount, and C-mount Cine lenses are all easily adaptable to the Micro Four Thirds system with glassless adapters, resulting in no induced loss of light or sharpness.

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Since most Micro Four Thirds lenses have neither a mechanical focusing ring nor an aperture ring, adapting these lenses for other camera mounts is impossible or compromised. A variety of companies manufacture adapters to use lenses from nearly any legacy lens mount (such lenses, of course, support no

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The Four Thirds sensor (2.0× crop factor) is 68% the size of Canon APS-C (1.6x crop factor), 61% the size of Nikon/Sony APS-C (1.5x crop factor), and 25% the size of a full frame sensor (1.0× crop factor, 35 mm equivalent). This can mean lower image quality when all other variables are the same,

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As of mid-2011, Panasonic G and GH series cameras have built in EVF's, while two of the three GF models are able to use the add-on LVF1 hotshoe EVF. The LVF1 must also plug into a proprietary port built into the camera for power and communication. This proprietary port and the accessory is omitted in

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Of particular interest in illustrating this fact are the Panasonic 7–14 mm ultra-wide angle (equivalent to 14–28 mm in the 35 mm film format) and the Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 9–18 mm ultra wide-angle lens (equivalent to an 18–36 mm zoom lens in the 35 mm film format).

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is reduced by half —i.e., an adapted 50mm lens is still a 50mm lens in terms of focal length but has a narrower FOV equivalent to a 100mm lens due to the Micro Four Thirds System 2x crop factor. Therefore, most adapted glass from the 35mm film era and current DSLR lineups provide effective fields of

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Due to the short native flange distance of the Micro Four Thirds System, the usage of adapted lenses from practically all formats has become widely popular. Because lenses can be used from old and abandoned camera systems, adapted lenses typically represent good value for the money. Adapters ranging

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Until the introduction of the OM-D E-M5 in February, 2012, none of the Olympus designs included a built-in EVF. Olympus has four available add-on hotshoe viewfinders. The Olympus VF-1 is an optical viewfinder with an angle of view of 65 degrees, equivalent to the 17mm pancake lens field of view, and

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Some MFT cameras, beginning with the Olympus OM-D E-M1 in 2013, incorporate phase-detection hardware on the sensor. Besides offering faster autofocus speed, these camera bodies perform better with legacy lenses (e.g. focus performance of the 150mm f/2 and 300mm f/2.8 lenses are as quick and accurate

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When compared to a full frame camera lens providing a similar angle of view, rather than weighing a few kilograms (several pounds) and generally having a length exceeding 60 cm (24 in) end to end, the optically stabilized Panasonic Lumix G Vario 100–300 mm lens weighs just 520 g

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when compared to a 35 mm film (full frame) camera. This means that the field of view of an MFT lens is the same as a full frame lens with twice the focal length. For example, a 50 mm lens on a MFT body would have a field of view equivalent to a 100 mm lens on a full frame camera. For

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of contemporary image sensors. Later improvements in manufacturing capabilities enabled the production of sensors with a lower stack height, improving sensitivity to off-angle light, eliminating the necessity of telecentricity and decreasing the distance from the image sensor at which a lens's rear

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from 38.67mm to 19.25mm. This reduction facilitates smaller body and lens designs, and enables the use of adapters to fit almost any lens ever made for a camera with a flange distance larger than 19.25mm to a MFT camera body. Still-camera lenses produced by Canon, Leica, Minolta, Nikon, Pentax and

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Panasonic claims that OIS is more accurate because the stabilization system can be designed for the particular optical characteristics of each lens. A disadvantage of this approach is that the OIS motor and shift mechanism must be built into each lens, making lenses more expensive than comparable

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The (non-Micro) Four Thirds system design standard specifies a 40 mm flange focal length distance, which allowed for using a single lens reflex design, with mirror box and pentaprism. Four Thirds DSLR cameras designed by Olympus and Panasonic initially used exclusively PDAF focusing systems.

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Theoretically, changing lenses can expose the sensor to more dust in a "mirrorless" camera design, compared to DSLRs that have both a mirror and a closed shutter protecting the sensor. Mirrorless cameras have dust-removal systems that try to minimize this problem, and in practice they experience

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The main disadvantage of using adapted lenses however, is that focus is manual even with natively autofocus lenses. Full metering functionality is maintained however, as are some automated shooting modes (aperture priority). A further disadvantage with some LM and LTM lenses is that lenses with

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Using older adapted lenses on Micro Four Thirds sometimes leads to a slight losses in image quality. This is the result of placing high resolution demands on the center crop of decade old 35mm lenses. Therefore, 100% crops from the lenses do not usually represent the same level of pixel-level

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In 2013, Panasonic began including sensor-based stabilization in its cameras, beginning with the Lumix DMC-GX7. Panasonic called the combination of lens and body stabilization "Dual IS," and this function won an award of the European Imaging and Sound Association (EISA) in the category Photo

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released the Zenmuse X5 and X5R, which are gimbal-mounted cameras with a MFT lens mount, as optional upgrades for its Inspire drone line. Both cameras can capture 16MP stills and up to 4K/30fps video using one of four interchangeable lenses, ranging from 12mm to 17mm. In 2016,

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Olympus and Panasonic have both produced cameras with sensor-based stabilization, and lenses with stabilization. However, the lens stabilization will only work together with body stabilization for cameras of the same brand. Before 2013, Olympus and Panasonic approached

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sharpness as they would on their native formats. Another slight disadvantage of using adapted lenses can be size. By using a 35mm film lens, one would be using a lens that casts an image circle that is far larger than what is required by Micro Four Thirds Sensors.

1216:. These EVF's not only slip into the accessory hotshoe, but also plug into a dedicated proprietary port for power and communication with Olympus cameras only. Both the VF-2 and VF-3 may also be used on high-end Olympus compact point and shoot cameras such as the 718:

The throat diameter is about 38 mm, 6 mm less than that of the Four Thirds system. Electrically, MFT uses an 11-contact connector between lens and camera, adding to the nine contacts in the Four Thirds system design specification. Olympus claims full

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Overall, the ability to use adapted lenses gives Micro Four Thirds a great advantage in overall versatility and the practice has gained a somewhat cult following. Image samples can be found readily online, and in particular on the MU-43 adapted lenses forum.

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of the image sensor. Furthermore, in low light conditions by using low f-numbers a too-shallow depth of field can lead to less satisfying image results, especially in videography, when the object being filmed by the camera or the camera itself is moving.

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On July 27, 2010, Panasonic announced the development of a three-dimensional optic solution for the Micro Four Thirds system. A specially designed lens allows it to capture stereo images compatible with VIERA 3D-TV-sets and Blu-ray 3D Disc Players.

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Some Micro Four Thirds cameras and lenses are very small, which can result in relatively poor ergonomics for users with larger hands. This applies especially to handling, the depth of the right-hand grip, and the size and placement of buttons and

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Contrast-detection autofocus systems such as those used in Micro Four Thirds cameras were initially slower than the phase-detection systems used in DSLRs. Note that this disadvantage has mostly been eliminated, at least for static subjects; the

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format specification), and 1:1 (a square format). With the exception of a few MFT cameras, most MFT cameras record in a native 4:3 format image aspect ratio, and through cropping of the 4:3 image, can record in 16:9, 3:2 and 1:1 formats.

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as well as the Olympus 75–300 mm zooms show how small and light extreme telephotos can be made. The 400 mm focal length in Micro Four Thirds has the same angle of view as an 800 mm focal length in full frame cameras.

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format. Thus, "Four Thirds" refers to both the size and the aspect ratio of the sensor. However, the chip diagonal is shorter than 4/3 of an inch; the 4/3 inch designation for this size of sensor dates back to the 1950s and

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Due to the absence of a mirror and prism mechanism, there is no ability to use a through-the-lens optical viewfinder. A through-the-lens electronic viewfinder, an attachable not-through-the-lens optical viewfinder (similar to a

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Older cameras can be prone to "shutter shock" at slower shutter speeds. In a DSLR, the shutter opens and closes, while a Micro Four Thirds camera has to close the shutter, open-close it, then open it again whenever a photo is

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of the lens and the image sensor needed to focus a certain object. Therefore, the energy needed for focusing as well as the appropriate delay for shifting the focusing lens system are shorter, the smaller the focal length is.

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The following table shows a few identical image parameters for some popular image sensor classes compared to Micro Four Thirds. The smaller the focal length, the smaller the displacement in the image space between the last

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The image sensor of Four Thirds and MFT measures 18 mm × 13.5 mm (22.5 mm diagonal), with an imaging area of 17.3 mm × 13.0 mm (21.63 mm diagonal), comparable to the frame size of

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In August 2013, SVS Vistek GmbH in Seefeld, Germany introduced the first high-speed industrial camera with a MFT lens mount, using 4/3" sensors from Truesense Imaging, Inc (formerly Kodak sensors, now part of

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for the same equivalent field of view and f/stop when compared with APS-C and especially full frame cameras. This can be a disadvantage when a photographer wants to blur a background, such as when shooting

1269:(2012) compares favorably with DSLRs in single AF. Contrast detection also tends to perform poorly when tracking moving subjects, though cameras with on-sensor phase detection autofocus, introduced in the 1929: 1578:). The SVS Vistek Evo "Tracer" cameras have resolution-dependent shutter speeds, ranging from 147 frames per second (fps) at 1 megapixel (model evo1050 TR) to 22 fps at 8 megapixels (model evo8051 TR). 1212:

was designed primarily for the EP-1. Olympus has since introduced the high resolution VF-2 EVF, and a newer, less expensive, slightly lower resolution VF-3 for use in all its MFT cameras after the

1688:(18 oz), is only 126 mm (5.0 in) long, and uses a relatively petite 67 mm filter size. As a point of comparison, the Nikkor-P 600 mm f5.6 telephoto introduced for the 850:, which can be compensated the better the smaller the focal lengths of a lens is. Lenses designed for mirrorless camera systems such as Nikon 1 or Micro Four Thirds often use image-space 1371:

lenses available on compacts (such as 30× to 120× models) are more expensive or simply not available on large sensor cameras due to physical size, cost, and practicality considerations.

786:(PDAF). The use of separate PDAF sensors has been favored in DSLR systems because of mirror box and pentaprism design, along with better performance for fast-moving subjects. 6908: 3039: 1721: 3012: 1673: 1822:

Innovation 2016–2017. In 2016, Olympus added lens-based stabilization to the M. Zuiko 300mm f/4.0 Pro telephoto prime lens and the M. Zuiko 12-100mm f/4.0 IS Pro lens.

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element could be positioned without compromising light detection. Such a lens, however, would eliminate the room necessary to accommodate the mirror box of the

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The absence of a mirror eliminates the need for an additional precision assembly, along with its "mirror slap" noise and resultant camera vibration/movement.

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view varying from normal to extreme telephoto. Wide angles are generally not practical for adapted use from both an image quality and value point of view.

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Greatly increased sensor size (5–9 times larger area) gives much better image quality, e.g. low light performance and greater dynamic range, with reduced

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The viewfinder can be used while shooting videos. On a DSLR, the mirror must be flipped up to shoot video, which prevents use of the optical viewfinder.

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While lens manufacturers seldom publish lens mount specifications, the MFT mount has been reverse-engineered by enthusiasts, with CAD files available.

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Because of the reduced sensor-flange distance, the sensor is easier to clean than with a DSLR, which also have delicate mirror mechanisms attached.

6053: 3032: 1598:, a 20MP MFT camera with 4K video capability. Also in 2016, Z-Camera released the E1, designed to shoot still and video with an MFT lens mount. 1758: 806:

enabled by the removal of the mirror allows normal and wide angle lenses to be significantly smaller because they do not have to use strongly

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including poorer color transitions and more noise at identical ISO settings, especially in low light, when compared with the larger sensors.

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as a native Four Thirds body). The Panasonic G9 II is the first micro four thirds camera from Panasonic which has phase detect autofocus.

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The view can appear larger than some optical viewfinders, especially on lower-end DSLRs, whose viewfinders often have a tunnel-like view.

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for many of its existing Four Thirds lenses on MFT bodies, using a purpose built adapter with both mechanical and electrical interfaces.

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The smaller sensor generates less heat and can be cooled more easily, reducing image noise when shooting long exposure and videography.

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Some models are equipped with electronic viewfinders, which have certain advantages over conventional optical viewfinders (see below).

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No weight or size penalty for better quality of materials and design. Optical viewfinder quality varies greatly across all DSLRs.

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Interchangeable Lenses – Chromatic Aberration Compensation - Essential technologies of lens designs that enhance resolving power

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The depth of field is identical, if angle of view and absolute aperture width are identical. Also the relative diameters of the

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Blackmagic Design sells cameras made for cinematography, some of which use the MFT lens mount. Their first MFT camera was the

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Micro Four Thirds lenses can be used on 35 mm equivalent *(full-frame) and APS-C cameras but will be susceptible to lens

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Olympus and Panasonic approached the implementation of electronic viewfinders in two ways: the built-in EVF, and the optional

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Though many DSLRs also have "live view" functionality, these often function relatively poorly compared to a Micro Four Thirds

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The shorter flange focal distance allows for smaller, lighter, and less expensive lenses, particularly with wide angle lenses.

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significant rear protrusions simply do not fit inside the camera body and risk damaging lens or body. An example is the

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in Tokyo weighs 3,600 g (130 oz), is 516.5 mm (20.33 in) in length and uses a 122 mm filter.

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in 2013, can perform comparably to DSLRs in continuous AF mode. The Panasonic G9 II has phase detect autofocus. The

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fewer dust problems than a DSLR. Many Micro Four Thirds users report never having found dust on the sensor at all.

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design. Similar to Olympus, the LVF1 is usable on high-end Panasonic compact point and shoot cameras, such as the

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The viewfinder displays how the sensor sees the potential picture, rather than an optical view, which may differ.

245: 240:, the Micro Four Thirds system (body and lenses) is smaller and lighter. However, their sensors are smaller than 174: 6631: 6096: 5977: 5558: 4621: 4018: 3967: 2739: 1672:

This feature also permitted the lens designers to develop the world's fastest fisheye lens with autofocus, the

1390: 300:, like compact digital cameras. In comparison, DSLRs usually adhere to the 3:2 aspect ratio of the traditional 1443:

Some components of the digital camera system Micro Four Thirds (from the upper left to the lower right): fast

168:, a parameter which accommodated for the inaccurate sensitivity to off-angle light due to the geometry of the 4301: 4287: 4126: 2990: 185:

Zeiss have all been successfully adapted for MFT use – as well as lenses produced for cinema,

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Not reliant on a moving mirror and shutter, which otherwise adds noise, weight, design complexity, and cost.

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Contrast-detection autofocus is not prone to systematic front- or back-focusing errors which may occur with

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cameras continued to use a contrast-based system called DFD (Depth from Defocus) until the release of the

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The advantage of in-body IS is that even unstabilized lenses can make use of the in-body stabilization.

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In 2014, JK Imaging Ltd., which holds the Kodak brand, released its first Micro Four Thirds camera, the

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Displacement in image space when focusing from infinite to one metre in object space at normal angle

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Increased physical size and weight (camera and lenses are both larger due to increased sensor size).

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Cameras and lenses are generally smaller and lighter, making them easier to carry and more discreet.

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of 19.25 mm. By avoiding internal mirrors, the MFT standard allows a much thinner camera body.

6874: 6864: 6656: 6434: 6398: 6207: 6202: 5921: 5830: 5597: 5442: 5437: 5432: 4979: 4924: 4917: 4583: 2100: 1874: 1864: 1803: 1783: 1779: 1556: 1525: 1509: 1472: 1220:. Olympus announced the VF-4 in May 2013, along with the fourth generation PEN flagship, the E-P5. 925: 917: 241: 230: 153: 70: 4845: 268:

Drawing showing the relative sizes of sensors used in most current digital cameras, relative to a

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Panasonic announces development of world's first interchangeable 3D lens for Lumix G Micro system

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in 2023. Both systems today provide focusing speeds to rival or even surpass many current DSLRs.

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on DSLRs, eliminating the need to individually calibrate focusing for each lens to each camera.

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The smaller sensor size gives deeper depth-of-field for the same field of view and equivalent

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Interchangeable lenses allow more optical choices including niche, legacy, and future lenses.

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Equivalent f-number at identical depth of field and identical diffraction-limited resolution

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tabilization). These stabilize the image by shifting a small optical block within the lens.

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capability and close focusing more difficult, often requiring separate, specialized lenses.

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of Micro Four Thirds cameras are shorter than DSLRs, most lenses are smaller and cheaper.

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The MFT design standard also specifies multiple aspect ratios: 4:3, 3:2, 16:9 (the native

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limitation (which requires different f-stops on different focal length lenses), the same

1355:(In-Body Image Stabilization) common in Panasonic and Olympus Micro Four Thirds cameras. 309:

tubes, when the external diameter of the camera tube was measured, not the active area.

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automatic functions.) For the Four Third lenses that can be mounted on MFT bodies, see

1585:; several lenses and niche camera makers have products made for the standard. In 2015, 1492: 1476: 1448: 1439: 1305: 905: 897: 831: 779: 760: 744: 222: 126: 122: 205: 7005: 6854: 6823: 6706: 6691: 6661: 6601: 6521: 6336: 6162: 6147: 6086: 5967: 5427: 5140: 3515: 3017: 2843: 2692: 2009: 1591: 1586: 1521: 1411: 1089: 909: 881: 827: 732: 731:

The shallow but wide MFT lens mount also allows the use of existing lenses including

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Panasonic G1, G2, G10, GF1, GF2; Olympus E-P1, E-P2, E-P3, E-PL1, E-PL2, E-PL3, E-PM1

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The viewfinder can provide a zoomed preview, allowing for more precise manual focus.

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quadratically increases with the image size. Therefore, all systems detect the same

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representing the limitation by diffraction are identical. Therefore, the equivalent

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tabilization), a feature included all of its cameras. Until 2013, Panasonic used

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A larger crop factor (2× multiplier, versus 1.5× or 1.6× on APS-C) means greater

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Photography Buying Guide: How to Choose a Camera, Lens, Tripod, Flash & More

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Micro Four Thirds has several advantages over larger format cameras and lenses:

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lens designs, which reduce shading and therefore light loss and blurring at the

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lenses have a slightly shorter flange focal distance and are trickier to adapt.

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William Brawley, Mike Tomkins, Dave Pardue, Jeremy Gray and Zig Weidelich:

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Panasonic GH4, G7, G80, GX7; Olympus E-M1, E-M5II, E-M10, E-M10II, E-M10III

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all systems have the same exposure at the same flash-to-subject distance.

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For comparison of the original Four Thirds with competing DSLR system see

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The Four Thirds sensor format used in MFT cameras is equivalent to a 2.0

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lenses, via Panasonic and Olympus adapters. Aftermarket adapters include

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Why is the Micro Four Thirds sensor so sharp in spite of its small size

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Rangefinder-styled Panasonic Lumix DMC-GX80/DMC-GX85/GX7 Mark II (2016)

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Equivalent focal length at normal angle (diagonal angle of view ≈ 47°)

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Disadvantages of Micro Four Thirds compared to compact digital cameras

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camera design, and would be incompatible with SLR Four Thirds bodies.

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Panasonic Lumix GF1 with K mount adapter and Cambron 28mm manual lens

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Equivalent exposure index at identical exposure time and flash range

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Equivalent focal length at tele angle (diagonal angle of view ≈ 29°)

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Equivalent focal length at wide angle (diagonal angle of view ≈ 75°)

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Four Thirds system#Advantages, disadvantages and other considerations

138: 134: 114: 2747: 1141:) allows for longer telephoto reach with smaller and lighter lenses. 6555: 6062: 5860: 5805: 5790: 5673: 5652: 5564: 5486: 1438: 1397: 1389: 1374:

Similarly, larger sensors and shallow depth-of-field make bundled

1345: 1250: 1239: 1159: 1083: 1028: 665: 282: 263: 249: 248:, feature a hybrid phase-detect/contrast detect system, Panasonic 204: 102: 29: 2564:"JK Imaging, Blackmagic Design and others join Micro Four Thirds" 2072:"JK Imaging, Blackmagic Design and others join Micro Four Thirds" 1570:(BPCC), which was announced in April 2013 with 1080HD recording. 152:

The specifications of the MFT system inherit the original sensor

6031: 286: 281:. Its area, ca. 220 mm, is approximately 30% less than the 6035: 5500: 4952: 3021: 1952:"The Online Photographer: Micro Four-Thirds and Telecentricity" 1297:), or the universally-supplied LCD screen must be used instead. 6686: 5890: 5716: 5647: 5593: 2293:"Optical Viewfinders (OVFs) vs. Electronic Viewfinders (EVFs)" 1611: 1547:, which was launched in Japan in October 2008. In April 2009, 695: 98: 2620:"Blackmagic Design Announces Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera" 2441:, Imaging Resource, 24 January 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2019 1111:

means that most manual lenses can be adapted for use, though

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Advantages of Micro Four Thirds over compact digital cameras

2667:"Industrial Cameras: SVCam-Product Line made by SVS-VISTEK" 1679:

On the telephoto end, the Panasonic 100–300 mm or the

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in order to predict the area of interest and its behaviour.

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Olympus E-M1 II, E-M1 III, E-M5 III, PEN-F, OM-System OM-5

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Shallower depth of field possible (e.g. for portraits and

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Olympus PEN E-PL2 with a legacy lens OM Zuiko 50mm f/1.8

2282:, dpreview.com, 7 July 2014, retrieved 17. January 2016 1351:

Sharper images at slower shutter speeds as a result of

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Real-time preview of exposure, white balance, and tone.

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The lens mount of the Panasonic Lumix G 14mm F2.5 ASPH

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Adapted lenses retain their native focal lengths but

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Equivalent images are made by photographing the same

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screens. In addition, some models feature a built-in

141:, TTArtisan, Veydra, Xiaomi, Laowa, Yongnuo, Zonlai, 2719:"DJI unveils custom aerial Micro Four Thirds camera" 2189:

Refractive Errors—Advances in Research and Treatment

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Disadvantages of Micro Four Thirds compared to DSLRs

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September 2016 1976:"No more compromises: The Four Thirds Standard" 1786:image stabilization only, which it calls IBIS ( 1182:Can show a low-light scene brighter than it is. 912:(i.e., exposure times) with the same levels of 674:The MFT system design specifies a bayonet type 457:Olympus E-M5, E-P5, E-PL5, E-PM2; Panasonic GH3 79:mirrorless interchangeable lens digital cameras 62: 2518: 2516: 1543:The first Micro Four Thirds system camera was 866:are given, if the angle of view is identical. 56: 6047: 5512: 4964: 3033: 8: 2479:"Migrating to Mirrorless: Death of the DSLR" 2341:. Olympus America CCS Department. 2011-07-27 2693:"Kodak Pixpro S-1 First Impressions Review" 2119: 2117: 1175:(EVF), which has the following advantages: 706:typically matched to a particular non-zoom 77:in 2008, for the design and development of 6461: 6116: 6109: 6054: 6040: 6032: 5704: 5538: 5519: 5505: 5497: 5358: 5163: 5081: 4991: 4971: 4957: 4949: 3058: 3040: 3026: 3018: 2820:"600 mm f5.6 Nikkor-P Auto Telephoto Lens" 2390:. Waterford, CT: Mason Press. p. 52. 2280:What is equivalence and why should I care? 1928:(press release). Panasonic. Archived from 939: 322: 774:Until 2013, MFT cameras exclusively used 3008:Noktor Hyperprime MFT mount product page 2601:. Digital Photography Review. 2009-03-03 2566:. Digital Photography Review. 2013-01-21 2125:"Adapters for Micro Four Thirds Cameras" 2099:, Four Thirds consortium, archived from 2074:. Digital Photography Review. 2013-01-21 1631:: vague phrasing that often accompanies 1164:2.36M-dot OLED electronic viewfinder of 180:Micro Four Thirds reduced the specified 1885: 1694: 1475:, pluggable flashlight, a set of three 1156:Advantages of the electronic viewfinder 2938:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2931: 2893:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2886: 209:Concept model of MFT camera by Olympus 125:, Kodak, Mitakon, Olympus, Panasonic, 2853:, eisa.eu, retrieved 12 November 2016 2191:, page 40, Scholarly Editions, 2013, 1708:Panasonic Leica DG Nocticron 42.5 mm 1386:Popularity with adapted/legacy lenses 798:Flange focal distance and crop factor 690:Viewing is achieved on all models by 324:Micro Four Thirds sensor generations 285:sensors used in other manufacturers' 7: 6985:You Press the Button, We Do the Rest 6016: 2318:"Olympus Press Pass: Press Release" 904:. As a consequence, the equivalent 686:Viewfinders for a mirrorless camera 89:. Camera bodies are available from 2986:Panasonic Lumix G family of lenses 1893:Butler, Richard (August 5, 2008). 1526:Jos. Schneider Optische Werke GmbH 880:In this case, i.e., with the same 625:September 2023 (Panasonic G9 II) 296:The Four Thirds system uses a 4:3 25: 6909:Kodak v. Image Technical Services 2768:Audonis, Ty (February 11, 2016). 1746:Panasonic Leica DG Summilux 25mm 1555:recording added to it. The first 1504:List of Micro Four Thirds cameras 6015: 6006: 6005: 5623: 2795:"Digital Interchangeable Lenses" 2260:Äquivalente Lichtempfindlichkeit 2024:"Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 Review" 1978:. Olympus Europe. Archived from 1757: 1739: 1727:Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 60mm 1720: 1700: 1616: 1608:List of Micro Four Thirds lenses 1435:Micro Four Thirds system cameras 888:quadratically decreases and the 242:full-frame or even APS-C systems 221:Compared to inexpensive digital 5610:Universal Lighting Technologies 2672:. Alliance Vision. January 2016 2528:, Olympus, 2012, archived from 2362:. Panasonic USA. Archived from 1926:"Panasonic introduces AG-AF100" 1870:Lenses for SLR and DSLR cameras 1782:(IS) differently. Olympus used 1568:Blackmagic Pocket Cinema Camera 1281:both use technology trained by 556:March 2013 (Olympus PEN E-PL5) 440:September 2010 (Panasonic GH2) 5612:(sold to Atar capital in 2021) 5549:Panasonic Avionics Corporation 2975:The Micro Four Thirds Standard 2264:Digitale bildgebende Verfahren 2244:Digitale bildgebende Verfahren 2224:Digitale bildgebende Verfahren 1773:Image stabilization approaches 623:February 2022 (Panasonic GH6) 579:Olympus EM1, EM5 and OM-5 Only 382:September 2008 (Panasonic G1) 149:and 7artisans amongst others. 27:Digital camera design standard 1: 6566:Kodacolor (still photography) 2981:Complete Micro 4/3 Lens List. 2587:. Digital Photography Review. 2585:"Panasonic Lumix G1 reviewed" 2505:M-Zuiko Digital ED 45mm f/1.8 1950:Johnston, Mike (2011-08-11). 1536:, Astrodesign, Yasuhara, and 727:Adapters to other lens mounts 477:16.6 Mpx, 4592x3448 effective 469:February 2011 (Olympus E-M5) 437:SSWF, multi-aspect (GH2 only) 419:18.3 Mpx, 4608x3456 effective 201:Comparison with other systems 117:. MFT lenses are produced by 3013:Samyang Fisheye product page 2297:Discover Digital Photography 1846:), see the Olympus website. 1563:, was shipped in July 2009. 780:compact or "point-and-shoot" 776:contrast-detection autofocus 486:Panasonic GX1; Panasonic GF6 260:Sensor size and aspect ratio 6317:Z712 IS ZOOM digital camera 5821:Panasonic Toot-a-Loop Radio 4925:5-Axis Sensor Stabilization 4918:In-Body Image Stabilization 2270:, retrieved 17. Januar 2016 2250:, retrieved 17. Januar 2016 2230:, retrieved 17. Januar 2016 1246:Panasonic Lumix DMC-G85/G80 920:. Furthermore, for a given 782:. By comparison, DSLRs use 634:23 Mpx, 5184x3888 effective 599:27 Mpx, 5776x4336 effective 564:22 Mpx, 5184x3888 effective 535:17 Mpx, 4608x3456 effective 506:13 Mpx, 4000x3000 effective 448:17 Mpx, 4608x3456 effective 416:16 Mpx Gen 1 "multi-aspect" 390:14 Mpx, 4000x3000 effective 387:12 Mpx Gen 2 "multi-aspect" 361:13 Mpx, 4000x3000 effective 229:, MFT cameras have better, 71:Olympus Imaging Corporation 63: 7043: 5596:(spun off and merged with 5554:Panasonic Cycle Technology 4995:Folding Semi-Olympus (645) 4885: 4861: 4844: 4815: 4808: 4774: 4738: 4733: 4702: 4690: 4665: 4656: 4619: 4594: 4535: 4516: 4483: 4466: 4428: 4395: 4374: 4345: 4328: 4299: 4217: 4173: 4164: 4125: 4082: 4073: 4015: 4006: 3999: 3955: 3912: 3905: 3870: 3859: 3718: 3608: 3512: 3503: 3453: 3444: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3304: 3261: 2697:Digital Photography Review 2424:Digital Photography Review 2127:. Novoflex. Archived from 2052:Digital Photography Review 2048:"Panasonic DMC-GH2 Review" 2028:Digital Photography Review 1900:Digital Photography Review 1643:Such statements should be 1605: 1501: 588:July 2015 (Panasonic GX8) 527:June 2011 (Panasonic GF3) 69:is a standard released by 6342:Cine Special 16mm Cameras 6001: 5621: 5355:35mm interchangeable lens 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4883: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4824: 4819: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4772: 4770: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4717: 4711: 4706: 4697:Micro Studio Camera 4K G2 4695: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4674: 4663: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4640: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4598: 4590: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4572: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4564: 4562: 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2991:Olympus PEN system lenses 2000:Knaur (October 1, 2002). 1840:Four Thirds system lenses 1123:phase-detection autofocus 784:phase-detection autofocus 694:electronic displays with 498:May 2011 (Panasonic GX1) 246:Olympus OM-D E-M1 Mark II 236:Compared to most digital 64:Maikuro Fō Sāzu Shisutemu 57: 7012:Micro Four Thirds system 6632:Carousel slide projector 6312:Z612 Zoom Digital Camera 6097:ESL Federal Credit Union 5871:Micro Four Thirds system 5559:Panasonic Electric Works 5473:Micro Four Thirds system 1681:Leica DG 100-400 mm 1602:Micro Four Thirds lenses 1528:, Komamura Corporation, 710:is sometimes an option. 610:Panasonic G9 II (Rev.2) 553:SSWF, No AA filter (G80) 39:Micro Four Thirds system 5983:Panasonic Toyota Racing 4668:Pocket Cinema Camera 4K 2844:EISA Awards Photography 2384:Northrup, Tony (2013). 2240:Äquivalente Blendenzahl 1956:The Online Photographer 1549:Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 1283:artificial intelligence 1244:DSLR-styled mirrorless 1230:Panasonic Lumix DMC-LX5 1226:Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF3 1166:Panasonic Lumix DMC-G80 1137:The smaller sensor (2× 573:Panasonic G9, G90, GX8 291:compact digital cameras 6979:Union of Kodak Workers 6963:Eastman Color Positive 6958:Eastman Color Negative 6561:Kodacolor (filmmaking) 5988:Panasonic Gobel Awards 5978:Panasonic cycling team 5973:Panasonic Wild Knights 2220:Äquivalente Brennweite 1545:Panasonic Lumix DMC-G1 1499: 1403: 1395: 1256: 1248: 1168: 1097: 721:backward compatibility 714:Backward compatibility 671: 273: 210: 34: 7022:Photography equipment 6850:Eastman Business Park 5854:Formats and standards 5489:(photographic lenses) 4982:photographic products 2483:Digital Camera Review 2419:"Olympus E-M5 Review" 1674:Olympus ED 8 mm f/1.8 1666:flange focal distance 1469:electronic viewfinder 1442: 1401: 1393: 1254: 1243: 1173:electronic viewfinder 1163: 1109:flange focal distance 1087: 884:within the lens, the 804:flange focal distance 700:electronic viewfinder 680:flange focal distance 669: 595:25 Mpx (Rev.2) Gen 6 428:Panasonic GH2, G5, G6 267: 208: 182:flange focal distance 33: 6804:Leopold Godowsky Jr. 6677:Kodacolor Technology 6637:Cinema Digital Sound 5134:Interchangeable lens 5030:Chrome Six Model IIB 5027:Chrome Six Model IIA 4938:High Resolution mode 4659:Pocket Cinema Camera 2799:Lumix Digital Camera 2770:"Z-Camera E1 Review" 2453:"Mirrorless vs DSLR" 2439:Olympus E-M1X Review 2012:on December 5, 2002. 1764:Telephoto zoom lens 1690:1964 Summer Olympics 1645:clarified or removed 7027:Japanese inventions 6875:Kodak Picture Kiosk 6865:Kodak Park Railroad 6587:High-Speed Infrared 5927:Masayuki Matsushita 5922:Masaharu Matsushita 5917:Kōnosuke Matsushita 5816:Panasonic JR series 5606:(sold to Seagram's) 5024:Chrome Six Model II 4692:Micro Cinema Camera 2717:Tarantola, Andrew. 2642:"evo8051CFLGEC67TR" 1875:List of lens mounts 1865:Image sensor format 1780:image stabilization 1766:Leica DG 100-400 mm 1696:Selected MFT lenses 1449:telephoto zoom lens 943:Image sensor class 918:image stabilisation 445:16 Mpx Gen 2 "Sony" 325: 166:lens telecentricity 6809:Thomas J. Hargrave 6768:Four Thirds system 5579:(acquired in 2021) 5573:(acquired in 2007) 5571:Anchor Electricals 5567:(acquired in 2009) 5561:(acquired in 2012) 5468:Four Thirds system 5021:Chrome Six Model I 4604:Rangefinder style 4545:Rangefinder style 4493:Rangefinder style 4355:Rangefinder style 4133:Rangefinder style 2996:2012-09-22 at the 2958:2010-07-30 at the 2849:2016-10-27 at the 2174:2016-10-21 at the 1833:Mount adaptability 1518:Cosina Voigtländer 1500: 1467:with articulating 1404: 1396: 1275:Olympus OM-D E-M1X 1257: 1249: 1169: 1098: 1092:side by side with 890:luminous intensity 848:optical aberration 836:Angular resolution 672: 631:20 Mpx "BSI" Gen 6 515:Panasonic GF3, GF5 408:SSWF, multi-aspect 323: 298:image aspect ratio 274: 211: 175:single-lens reflex 158:Four Thirds system 119:Cosina Voigtländer 35: 6999: 6998: 6834:William S. Vaughn 6772:Micro Four Thirds 6702:Proofing Software 6610: 6609: 6453: 6452: 6440:Vest Pocket Kodak 6325: 6324: 6077:Chinon Industries 6029: 6028: 5993:Panasonic Impulse 5849: 5848: 5619: 5618: 5494: 5493: 5461:Digital standards 5456: 5455: 5350: 5349: 5155: 5154: 5073: 5072: 4946: 4945: 4900: 4899: 4600:Blackmagic Design 3049:Micro Four Thirds 2451:Mansurov, Nasim. 2320:. Olympus America 1662: 1661: 1538:Blackmagic Design 1530:Sigma Corporation 1508:As of June 2012, 1489:polarising filter 1473:system flashlight 1271:Olympus OM-D E-M1 1267:Olympus OM-D E-M5 1077: 1076: 926:photoflash device 802:The much shorter 745:Leica Screw Mount 741:Olympus OM system 659: 658: 396:7.8EV (-4.8/+3.0) 18:Micro Four-Thirds 16:(Redirected from 7034: 6880:Kodak, Tennessee 6870:Kodak Photo Spot 6627:Autographic film 6622:Approval proofer 6462: 6117: 6110: 6056: 6049: 6042: 6033: 6019: 6018: 6009: 6008: 5836:Panasonic TR-005 5750:Technics SL-1200 5705: 5627: 5626: 5539: 5521: 5514: 5507: 5498: 5359: 5164: 5082: 5078:Half-frame (Pen) 4992: 4973: 4966: 4959: 4950: 4927: 4920: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4380: 4223: 4179: 4170: 4161: 4088: 4079: 4021: 4012: 3970: 3961: 3927: 3918: 3865: 3818: 3774: 3767: 3647: 3639: 3614: 3605: 3596: 3587: 3578: 3569: 3561: 3554: 3547: 3518: 3509: 3500: 3492: 3485: 3459: 3450: 3441: 3432: 3400: 3391: 3382: 3356: 3347: 3338: 3310: 3059: 3051:cameras timeline 3042: 3035: 3028: 3019: 2963: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2937: 2929: 2927: 2926: 2920: 2914:. 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Strong 6782: 6755: 6749: 6726: 6606: 6575: 6539: 6516: 6449: 6445:Vigilant camera 6403: 6387: 6346: 6321: 6295: 6212: 6146: 6138: 6101: 6065: 6060: 6030: 6025: 5997: 5951: 5937:Hirofumi Hirano 5932:Hiro Matsushita 5905: 5845: 5764: 5736: 5696: 5628: 5624: 5615: 5582: 5530: 5525: 5495: 5490: 5477: 5452: 5391: 5374: 5346: 5329: 5313: 5291: 5262: 5160:35mm fixed lens 5151: 5129: 5069: 5042: 5007: 4983: 4977: 4947: 4942: 4923: 4916: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4607:High-End Video 4548:Android camera 4376: 4295:GX800/GX850/GF9 4219: 4175: 4166: 4157: 4084: 4075: 4017: 4008: 3966: 3957: 3933:High-end Photo 3923: 3914: 3883:High-end Video 3861: 3814: 3772: 3763: 3643: 3635: 3610: 3601: 3592: 3583: 3574: 3565: 3557: 3550: 3543: 3514: 3505: 3496: 3488: 3481: 3468: 3466: 3455: 3446: 3437: 3428: 3396: 3387: 3378: 3352: 3343: 3334: 3306: 3272: 3052: 3046: 2998:Wayback Machine 2977:official pages. 2971: 2966: 2960:Wayback Machine 2951: 2947: 2930: 2924: 2922: 2918: 2911: 2909:"Archived copy" 2907: 2906: 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2046: 2045: 2041: 2032: 2030: 2022: 2021: 2017: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1985: 1983: 1974: 1973: 1969: 1960: 1958: 1949: 1948: 1944: 1935: 1933: 1924: 1923: 1919: 1910: 1908: 1892: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1861: 1852: 1835: 1775: 1768: 1762: 1753: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1725: 1716: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1658: 1652: 1649: 1642: 1621: 1617: 1610: 1604: 1594:introduced the 1506: 1497:macro zoom lens 1477:extension tubes 1457:wide-angle lens 1447:for portraits, 1437: 1388: 1362: 1331: 1279:Panasonic G9 II 1238: 1158: 1082: 934:principal plane 898:exposure values 824: 800: 772: 729: 716: 688: 664: 367:8EV (-5.0/+3.0) 320: 262: 223:compact cameras 203: 160:, designed for 54: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7040: 7038: 7030: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7004: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6981: 6975: 6973: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6919: 6912: 6905: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6852: 6846: 6844: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6814:Leopold Mannes 6811: 6806: 6801: 6799:George Eastman 6796: 6794:Colby Chandler 6790: 6788: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6780: 6778:Wratten number 6775: 6765: 6759: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6742: 6739:Changing Focus 6734: 6732: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6618: 6616: 6615:Other products 6612: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6583: 6581: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6526: 6524: 6522:Color reversal 6518: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6468: 6466: 6459: 6455: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6395: 6393: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6354: 6352: 6348: 6347: 6345: 6344: 6339: 6333: 6331: 6327: 6326: 6323: 6322: 6320: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6303: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6222: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6165: 6159: 6157: 6140: 6139: 6137: 6136: 6131: 6125: 6123: 6114: 6107: 6103: 6102: 6100: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6073: 6071: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6059: 6058: 6051: 6044: 6036: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6023: 6013: 6002: 5999: 5998: 5996: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5949: 5947:Kazuhiro Tsuga 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5866:M-3DI Standard 5863: 5857: 5855: 5851: 5850: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5760:Technics SL-J2 5757: 5755:Technics SL-10 5752: 5746: 5744: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5713: 5711: 5702: 5698: 5697: 5695: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5679: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5642: 5636: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5613: 5607: 5601: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5583: 5581: 5580: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5551: 5545: 5543: 5536: 5532: 5531: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5516: 5509: 5501: 5492: 5491: 5485: 5483: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5475: 5470: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5404: 5402: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5385: 5383: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5365: 5363: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5314: 5312: 5311: 5306: 5303: 5299: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5273: 5271: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5219: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5201: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5174: 5170: 5168: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5153: 5152: 5150: 5149: 5146: 5143: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5088: 5086: 5079: 5075: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5054: 5052: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5015: 5013: 5009: 5008: 5006: 5005: 5002: 4998: 4996: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4978: 4976: 4975: 4968: 4961: 4953: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4940: 4935: 4928: 4921: 4907:Weather Sealed 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4859: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4778: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4710: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4671: 4664: 4662: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 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3667: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3640: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3607: 3598: 3589: 3580: 3571: 3562: 3555: 3548: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3511: 3502: 3493: 3486: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3462: 3461: 3452: 3443: 3434: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3393: 3384: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3349: 3340: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3303: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3047: 3045: 3044: 3037: 3030: 3022: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2970: 2969:External links 2967: 2965: 2964: 2945: 2900: 2855: 2836: 2811: 2786: 2760: 2744:www.xiaoyi.com 2731: 2709: 2683: 2658: 2633: 2611: 2590: 2576: 2555: 2535: 2512: 2495: 2477:Hicks, Laura. 2469: 2443: 2430: 2410: 2396: 2376: 2351: 2330: 2309: 2284: 2272: 2252: 2232: 2212: 2200: 2187:Ashton Acton: 2180: 2161: 2141: 2113: 2084: 2063: 2039: 2015: 1992: 1967: 1942: 1917: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1860: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1834: 1831: 1774: 1771: 1770: 1769: 1763: 1756: 1754: 1745: 1738: 1736: 1726: 1719: 1717: 1706: 1699: 1697: 1660: 1659: 1624: 1622: 1615: 1603: 1600: 1436: 1433: 1387: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1379: 1372: 1366: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1349: 1342: 1339: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1325: 1321: 1314: 1310: 1306:depth-of-field 1302: 1298: 1286: 1262: 1237: 1234: 1202: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1157: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1142: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1119: 1116: 1105: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 988: 987: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 969: 963: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 944: 910:shutter speeds 832:depth of field 823: 820: 799: 796: 771: 768: 728: 725: 715: 712: 687: 684: 663: 660: 657: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 643:OM-System OM-1 641: 638: 635: 632: 628: 627: 621: 618: 615: 612: 608:Panasonic GH6 606: 603: 600: 597: 590: 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 571: 568: 565: 562: 558: 557: 554: 551: 548: 545: 542: 539: 536: 533: 529: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 510: 507: 504: 500: 499: 496: 493: 490: 487: 484: 481: 478: 475: 471: 470: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 449: 446: 442: 441: 438: 435: 432: 429: 426: 423: 420: 417: 413: 412: 409: 406: 403: 400: 397: 394: 391: 388: 384: 383: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 355: 354: 351: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 332:Specifications 330: 261: 258: 231:larger sensors 227:bridge cameras 202: 199: 170:photodetectors 58:マイクロフォーサーズシステム 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7039: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7007: 6992: 6989: 6986: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6976: 6974: 6970: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6930: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6911: 6910: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6856: 6855:Kodak Heights 6853: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6824:Steven Sasson 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6785: 6779: 6776: 6773: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6752: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6740: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6729: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6692:Motorola Zine 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6657:Ektra (phone) 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6613: 6603: 6602:Technical Pan 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6584: 6582: 6578: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6463: 6460: 6456: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6435:Stereo Camera 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6400: 6399:Retina Reflex 6397: 6396: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6349: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6304: 6302: 6298: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 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5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5801:Lumix cameras 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5767: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5739: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5703: 5699: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5680: 5677: 5676: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5631: 5611: 5608: 5605: 5602: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5585: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5522: 5517: 5515: 5510: 5508: 5503: 5502: 5499: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5394: 5387: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5370: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5357: 5353: 5342: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5332: 5326: 5323: 5322: 5320: 5316: 5310: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5265: 5258: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5162: 5158: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5132: 5125: 5122: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5083: 5080: 5076: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5045: 5039:Six Model RII 5038: 5035: 5032: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5016: 5014: 5012:Folding (6×6) 5010: 5003: 5000: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4990: 4988:Medium format 4986: 4981: 4974: 4969: 4967: 4962: 4960: 4955: 4954: 4951: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4933: 4929: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4915: 4914: 4913: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4847: 4828:Professional 4827: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4811: 4781: 4780: 4777: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4736: 4714: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4693: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4661: 4660: 4643: 4624: 4623: 4622:Cinema Camera 4601: 4597: 4593: 4586: 4585: 4579: 4578: 4547: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4521: 4520: 4495: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4469: 4445: 4444: 4431: 4407: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4381: 4379: 4357: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4331: 4318:Professional 4317: 4313: 4304: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4283: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4248: 4238: 4237: 4224: 4222: 4213: 4212: 4206: 4205: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4178: 4171: 4169: 4162: 4160: 4151: 4150: 4135: 4131: 4128: 4103: 4093: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4080: 4078: 4071: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4048: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4034: 4026: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4013: 4011: 4004: 4003: 3997: 3996: 3990: 3989: 3983: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3962: 3960: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3919: 3917: 3910: 3909: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3779: 3778: 3775: 3768: 3766: 3731:Professional 3730: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3700: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3648: 3646: 3638: 3623: 3622: 3615: 3613: 3606: 3604: 3597: 3595: 3588: 3586: 3579: 3577: 3570: 3568: 3560: 3553: 3546: 3535: 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2865: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2840: 2837: 2825: 2821: 2815: 2812: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2761: 2750:on 2016-12-01 2749: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2732: 2724:September 11, 2720: 2713: 2710: 2702:September 30, 2698: 2694: 2687: 2684: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2647: 2643: 2637: 2634: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2600: 2594: 2591: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2552:on 2012-05-29 2551: 2547: 2546: 2539: 2536: 2532:on 2012-06-26 2531: 2527: 2526: 2519: 2517: 2513: 2507: 2506: 2499: 2496: 2484: 2480: 2473: 2470: 2458: 2454: 2447: 2444: 2440: 2434: 2431: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2414: 2411: 2399: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2380: 2377: 2366:on 2012-03-18 2365: 2361: 2355: 2352: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2213: 2209: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2197:9781481692076 2194: 2190: 2184: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2170: 2165: 2162: 2151: 2145: 2142: 2131:on 2012-06-19 2130: 2126: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2103:on 2009-02-21 2102: 2098: 2094: 2088: 2085: 2073: 2067: 2064: 2053: 2049: 2043: 2040: 2029: 2025: 2019: 2016: 2011: 2007: 2006:A Digital Eye 2003: 1996: 1993: 1982:on 2011-07-14 1981: 1977: 1971: 1968: 1957: 1953: 1946: 1943: 1932:on 2012-04-27 1931: 1927: 1921: 1918: 1907:on 2014-08-17 1906: 1902: 1901: 1896: 1889: 1886: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1858: 1856: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1772: 1767: 1760: 1755: 1742: 1737: 1723: 1718: 1715: 1703: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1691: 1685: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1669: 1667: 1656: 1646: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625:This article 1623: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1579: 1577: 1571: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1522:Carl Zeiss AG 1519: 1515: 1511: 1505: 1498: 1494: 1493:pin hole lens 1490: 1486: 1482: 1479:, mechanical 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1434: 1432: 1428: 1426: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1412:field of view 1408: 1400: 1392: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1373: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1263: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1247: 1242: 1235: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1209: 1207: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1176: 1174: 1167: 1162: 1155: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1140: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1101: 1095: 1091: 1090:Panasonic GM1 1086: 1079: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 989: 986:0.33 mm 985: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 968: 965: 964: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 942: 941: 938: 935: 929: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 896:and the same 895: 891: 887: 883: 882:luminous flux 878: 877:are varying. 876: 872: 867: 865: 864:focal lengths 860: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 834:and the same 833: 829: 828:angle of view 821: 819: 816: 811: 809: 805: 797: 795: 791: 787: 785: 781: 777: 769: 767: 764: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 726: 724: 722: 713: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 685: 683: 681: 677: 668: 661: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 629: 626: 622: 619: 616: 613: 611: 607: 604: 601: 598: 596: 593:25 Mpx Gen 6 592: 591: 587: 584: 581: 578: 576: 572: 569: 566: 563: 561:20 Mpx Gen 5 560: 559: 555: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 537: 534: 531: 530: 526: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 508: 505: 502: 501: 497: 494: 491: 488: 485: 482: 479: 476: 473: 472: 468: 465: 462: 459: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 443: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 421: 418: 415: 414: 410: 407: 404: 401: 399:Panasonic GH1 398: 395: 392: 389: 386: 385: 381: 378: 375: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 356: 352: 349: 346: 343: 341:Camera models 340: 338:Dynamic range 337: 334: 331: 328: 327: 321: 318: 315: 310: 308: 303: 299: 294: 292: 288: 284: 280: 271: 266: 259: 257: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 234: 232: 228: 224: 219: 218: 217: 207: 200: 198: 196: 192: 188: 183: 178: 176: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 150: 148: 144: 140: 136: 133:, SLR Magic, 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 109:, Panasonic, 108: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 65: 52: 48: 44: 40: 32: 19: 6991:Sponsorships 6914: 6907: 6900: 6819:Kenneth Mees 6771: 6745:The Brownies 6737: 6551:Eastmancolor 6070:Subsidiaries 5870: 5841:Venus Engine 5786:CD interface 5722:Panasonic M2 5660:(phased out) 5535:Subsidiaries 5472: 5309:mju (Stylus) 5173:35 I (24×32) 5047:Olympusflex 5033:Six Model IV 4930: 4911:All the Rest 4901: 4866: 4820: 4782:Entry-Level 4707: 4666: 4657: 4620: 4599: 4582: 4575: 4540: 4517: 4496:Entry-level 4488: 4400: 4375: 4358:Entry-level 4350: 4300: 4293: 4286: 4279: 4272: 4265: 4258: 4251: 4239:Entry-level 4218: 4209: 4202: 4174: 4165: 4156: 4147: 4094:Entry-level 4083: 4074: 4067: 4060: 4053: 4044: 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Panasonic 2525:Astrodesign 2488:19 February 2462:19 February 2403:27 December 2360:"Pressroom" 2302:19 February 2262:, Wikibook 2242:, Wikibook 2222:, Wikibook 2093:"M adapter" 2002:"Interview" 1639:information 1559:model, the 1465:camera body 1459:, standard 1425:Biogon type 1291:rangefinder 1139:crop factor 992:Four Thirds 914:motion blur 902:image plane 886:illuminance 862:Equivalent 856:microlenses 852:telecentric 844:motion blur 840:diffraction 822:Equivalents 815:crop factor 655:March 2022 411:March 2009 105:, Olympus, 7006:Categories 6859:Building 9 6754:Technical 6697:Picture CD 6535:Kodachrome 6530:Ektachrome 6420:Instamatic 6337:Ciné-Kodak 6173:400 series 6168:300 series 5942:Toshio Iue 5896:Viera Cast 5781:Camcorders 5742:Turntables 5206:35 SII 1.8 5203:Wide Super 5085:Fixed lens 4867:SVS-Vistek 4825:Camcorder 4746:Mid-Range 4468:Zenmuse X5 4315:Camcorder 4187:Mid-range 4027:Mid-range 3880:SLR style 3829:Mid-range 3728:SLR style 3474:Mid-range 3412:Mid-range 2925:2011-02-22 2880:2011-02-22 2830:2012-05-19 2805:2012-05-19 2774:Videomaker 2754:2016-09-26 2740:"小蚁微单相机M1" 2646:SVS-Vistek 2605:2009-03-11 2570:2015-06-24 2370:2012-05-19 2345:2012-05-19 2324:2012-05-19 2266:, Kapitel 2246:, Kapitel 2226:, Kapitel 2155:2022-12-25 2135:2012-05-19 2107:2009-02-24 2078:2015-06-24 2057:2012-05-19 2033:2012-05-19 1986:2007-11-09 1961:2024-01-11 1936:2012-05-19 1911:2021-09-14 1881:References 1804:lens-based 1653:April 2017 1606:See also: 1502:See also: 1481:lens mount 1445:prime lens 1318:vignetting 1309:portraits. 1094:AA battery 1064:85 mm 1061:50 mm 1058:28 mm 1054:Full-frame 1039:57 mm 1036:33 mm 1033:18 mm 1002:25 mm 997:14 mm 977:31 mm 974:18 mm 971:10 mm 894:luminances 871:Airy disks 808:retrofocal 708:prime lens 704:viewfinder 676:lens mount 662:Lens mount 614:G9 II Only 91:Blackmagic 83:camcorders 6926:Processes 6756:standards 6712:Starmatic 6682:Kodascope 6667:KAF-10500 6652:Ektaprint 6430:Starflash 6363:Retinette 6218:EasyShare 6208:Pro SLR/n 6203:Pro SLR/c 6121:DC series 5831:Toughbook 5664:Panasonic 5528:Panasonic 5397:OM System 5340:O-Product 5296:Autofocus 4715:Advanced 4302:GF10/GF90 4221:GX80/GX85 4136:Advanced 3976:High-end 3876:Panasonic 3780:High-end 3724:OM System 3448:E-M10 III 3364:Advanced 3318:High-end 3271:SLR style 2779:9 January 2676:9 January 2651:9 January 2626:9 January 2508:, Olympus 1844:Imager AF 1627:contains 1514:Panasonic 1461:zoom lens 1453:superzoom 1427:of lens. 875:f-numbers 810:designs. 692:live view 637:200-25600 602:100-25600 567:200-25600 538:200-25600 480:160-12800 451:200-12800 422:160-12800 353:Released 270:35mm film 225:and many 129:, Sharp, 107:OM System 75:Panasonic 6722:Versamat 6647:Colorama 6368:Kodak 35 6011:Category 5826:Toughpad 5776:Bicycles 5709:Consoles 5701:Products 5687:Technics 5658:National 5604:MCA Inc. 5212:Auto Eye 5004:Model II 4903:No Video 4846:GY-LS300 4330:AG-AF104 3457:E-M10 IV 3439:E-M10 II 3398:E-M5 III 3354:E-M1 III 2994:Archived 2956:Archived 2934:cite web 2889:cite web 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