141:
1803:
1826:
1787:
119:
1770:
Studied
Buthidae toxins have been found to hyperpolarize nerves and slow inactivation, causing painful nerve firing that can last for hours. Many toxins trigger Na+ channels to open prematurely, causing excess sodium ion leakage that triggers nerve signal transduction. Other toxins have been found
1774:
The Na+ channel toxins of both Old World and New World
Buthids (from Africa/Asia and the Americas, respectively) have a similar protein homology and mechanism of action. It is speculated that toxins from these two groups are derived from the evolutionary ancestor before divergence 150 million years
427:
are being described at a rate of several new species per year. They have a cosmopolitan distribution throughout tropical and subtropical environments worldwide. Together with four other families, the
Buthidae make up the
2087:
Rowe,A.H., Xiao, Y., Scales, J., Linse, K.D., Rowe, M.P., Cummins, T.R., Zakon, H.H. (2011): Isolation and
Characterization of CvIV4: A Pain Inducing α- Scorpion Toxin -
2302:
1771:
to bind K+ leak channels to prevent the flow of potassium ions, disallowing the hyperpolarized nerve membrane from depolarizing and returning to its resting state.
2328:
2438:
1884:
1957:
Wilson R. Lourenço; Jürgen Velten (2016). "A new genus and species of fossil scorpion from
Burmese Cretaceous amber (Scorpiones: Buthoidea: Buthidae)".
2276:
2433:
2315:
2428:
1742:
are notorious for their strong venom. Human fatalities have been recorded from fewer than two dozen species; identification of a particular
1601:
Few
Buthidae scorpions are among the larger scorpions; on average the members of this family are mid-sized tending towards smallish.
448:) are members of the Buthidae. In dead specimens, the spine beneath the stinger, characteristic for this family, can be observed.
2390:
1982:
Perry, 1995 from the
Parachute Creek Member of the Green River Formation (middle Eocene) of Colorado, USA (Scorpiones: Buthidae)"
442:
Around 20 species of medically important (meaning potentially lethal to humans) scorpions are known, and all but one of these (
2016:
Giovannini, Catia; Baglioni, Michele; Baron Toaldo, Marco; Cescon, Matteo; Bolondi, Luigi; Gramantieri, Laura (2017-03-21).
2320:
1944:
2185:
2162:
1989:
2423:
2255:
1802:
2333:
2268:
1639:; and can reach 12 cm (about 5 in). Most of them have between two and five pairs of eyes. Some resemble the
140:
1881:
2088:
1809:
1746:
is likely problematic and detailed data on the venom exists only for a small fraction of the
Buthidae (see
2102:
891:
575:
2354:
1786:
1533:
444:
2190:
1496:
2372:
1977:
1651:
have one pair of eyes at most, and the former show a yellowish spot between and to the rear of these.
1485:
1331:
2395:
2224:
2149:
2029:
1752:
1309:
1067:
616:
1880:
Teruel, Rolando & Fet, Victor (eds.) (2005): Snyopsis of the described scorpions of the world -
1210:
1166:
1100:
1853:
1507:
1419:
1408:
1254:
550:
495:
473:
1386:
1375:
1287:
924:
880:
803:
660:
627:
528:
1758:
1609:
1603:
1551:
1452:
1441:
1265:
1232:
1155:
1133:
1111:
1056:
990:
979:
913:
814:
781:
748:
726:
506:
265:
253:
248:
135:
127:
2359:
1573:
1364:
1276:
1089:
968:
858:
1463:
1430:
1199:
1188:
1034:
1023:
825:
792:
682:
671:
638:
2418:
2341:
2211:
2063:
2045:
1998:
1831:
1562:
1342:
1298:
1001:
957:
847:
759:
243:
2382:
2307:
737:
2346:
2053:
2037:
1793:
1618:
436:
380:
227:
1888:
1654:
Their vernacular name refers to the thick tails found in many
Buthidae, especially in the
836:
2033:
2263:
2250:
2140:
2058:
2017:
1738:
1474:
594:
429:
415:
1762:
is used in Cuban traditional medicine and has been tested as a medication for cancer.
2412:
1919:
587:
76:
1825:
1714:
1629:
1623:
1521:
1397:
1320:
1177:
1122:
935:
770:
715:
693:
561:
462:
409:
403:
118:
2216:
2154:
2289:
2167:
2134:
1720:
1708:
1644:
1221:
902:
539:
182:
51:
1848:
1821:
1732:
1676:
1640:
1635:
1540:
1243:
1078:
869:
583:
484:
96:
61:
41:
17:
2125:
2049:
2002:
1680:) more vividly colored. More conspicuous patterns and shapes occur, e.g., in
2237:
1682:
1655:
1648:
1353:
1144:
946:
605:
517:
432:
420:
397:
212:
172:
152:
101:
2067:
1613:
barely reach 2 cm (0.8 in). The largest members are found among
2198:
2177:
2119:
1701:
1659:
649:
384:
202:
192:
91:
86:
71:
66:
56:
45:
2203:
2018:"Vidatox 30 CH has tumor activating effect in hepatocellular carcinoma"
1726:
1667:
1663:
1517:
1012:
571:
392:
106:
81:
2294:
2041:
1747:
1688:
1670:
colored, quite uniformly ochre to brown, but some are black or (like
1584:
1529:
1045:
704:
388:
162:
2281:
2096:
2242:
1976:
Santiago-Blay, Jorge A.; Soleglad, Michael E.; Fet, Victor (2004).
2367:
424:
2100:
962:
Esposito, Yamaguti, Souza, Pinto da Rocha & Prendini, 2017
2229:
456:
The following genera are recognised in the family
Buthidae:
929:
Esposito, Yamaguti, Souza, Pinto da Rocha & Prendini
2109:
419:) are known, but a high number of species-poor or
1945:The world's worst stinger has a surprising owner.
1891:. Version of 3/7/2005. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
1512:Lowe, Kovarik, Stockmann & Stahlavsky, 2019
841:Kovarik, Lowe, Pliskova & Stahlavsky, 2013
8:
742:Francke, Teruel & Santibanez-Lopez, 2014
2097:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
117:
31:
2057:
1978:"A redescription and family placement of
1959:Arachnida – Rivista Aracnologica Italiana
1666:-like. The Buthidae are generally rather
1702:Scorpion § Scorpion sting and venom
1662:, though, tend to be weak, slender, and
1873:
1839:
1782:
1490:Lourenço, Baptista & Giupponi, 2004
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1696:Toxicity and relationship with humans
395:as of 2022. A few very large genera (
7:
2373:BF1D87BA-FFF1-382A-0AE8-FD7CF94EB7AF
2269:7a365486-2944-4e3c-9e3c-2d7b2bb636bc
632:Kovarik, Lowe & Stahlavsky, 2018
452:List of genera and number of species
2439:Extant Cenomanian first appearances
1947:BBC Earth. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
25:
1259:Fet in Orlov & Vasilyev, 1984
1824:
1801:
1785:
435:. The family was established by
139:
2090:. Retrieved June July 20, 2020.
1556:Levy, Amitai & Shulov, 1973
2434:Taxa named by Carl Ludwig Koch
1990:Revista IbĂ©rica de AracnologĂa
1:
1756:, for example). The venom of
1567:Tikader & Bastawade, 1983
1303:Fet, Capes & Sissom, 2001
2429:Cenomanian first appearances
1943:Davies, E. (27 July 2016).
580:Lourenço & Velten, 2016
2455:
1706:Scorpions from the genera
1699:
1380:Lourenço & Duhem, 2009
1237:Lourenço & Duhem, 2009
272:
264:
240:
235:
136:Scientific classification
134:
125:
116:
34:
1435:Lowe & Kovarik, 2019
1138:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
830:Lowe & Kovarik, 2021
1810:Leiurus quinquestriatus
387:, containing about 100
1918:Rein, Jan Ove (2022).
2355:Paleobiology Database
1766:Mechanism of toxicity
1534:Green River Formation
1094:Gonzalez-Sponga, 1981
445:Hemiscorpius lepturus
423:ones also exist. New
2264:Fauna Europaea (new)
1753:Mesobuthus martensii
2034:2017NatSR...744685G
1854:Indian red scorpion
892:Himalayotityobuthus
576:Archaeoananteroides
27:Family of scorpions
2022:Scientific Reports
1924:The Scorpion Files
1887:2009-05-10 at the
1759:Rhopalurus junceus
1750:from the venom of
1270:Mello-Leitao, 1934
128:Odonturus dentatus
2424:Scorpion families
2406:
2405:
2342:Open Tree of Life
2103:Taxon identifiers
2042:10.1038/srep44685
1846:May include some
1832:Arthropods portal
1619:fattail scorpions
1590:
1579:
1568:
1557:
1546:
1527:
1513:
1502:
1497:Troglotityobuthus
1491:
1480:
1469:
1458:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1414:
1403:
1392:
1381:
1370:
1359:
1348:
1337:
1326:
1315:
1304:
1293:
1282:
1271:
1260:
1249:
1238:
1227:
1216:
1205:
1194:
1183:
1172:
1161:
1150:
1139:
1128:
1117:
1106:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1072:Qi & Lourenço
1062:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1018:
1007:
996:
985:
974:
963:
952:
941:
930:
919:
908:
897:
886:
875:
864:
853:
842:
831:
820:
809:
798:
787:
776:
765:
754:
743:
732:
721:
710:
699:
688:
677:
666:
655:
644:
633:
622:
611:
600:
581:
567:
556:
545:
534:
523:
512:
501:
490:
479:
468:
373:
372:
365:
359:
353:
347:
337:
331:
325:
319:
313:
310:"Centruroidinae"
307:
301:
295:
289:
283:
231:
16:(Redirected from
2446:
2399:
2398:
2386:
2385:
2376:
2375:
2363:
2362:
2350:
2349:
2337:
2336:
2324:
2323:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2297:
2285:
2284:
2272:
2271:
2259:
2258:
2246:
2245:
2233:
2232:
2220:
2219:
2207:
2206:
2194:
2193:
2181:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2158:
2157:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2098:
2091:
2085:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2013:
2007:
2006:
1986:
1973:
1967:
1966:
1954:
1948:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1892:
1878:
1861:
1844:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1805:
1794:Buthus occitanus
1789:
1588:
1577:
1566:
1555:
1544:
1525:
1511:
1500:
1489:
1486:Troglorhopalurus
1479:C. L. Koch, 1836
1478:
1467:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1412:
1401:
1390:
1379:
1368:
1357:
1346:
1335:
1332:Pseudouroplectes
1324:
1313:
1302:
1291:
1280:
1269:
1258:
1247:
1236:
1225:
1214:
1203:
1192:
1181:
1170:
1159:
1148:
1137:
1126:
1115:
1104:
1093:
1082:
1071:
1060:
1049:
1038:
1027:
1016:
1005:
994:
983:
972:
961:
950:
940:Keyserling, 1885
939:
928:
917:
906:
895:
884:
873:
862:
851:
840:
829:
818:
807:
796:
785:
774:
763:
752:
741:
730:
719:
708:
697:
686:
675:
664:
653:
642:
631:
620:
609:
598:
579:
565:
554:
543:
532:
521:
510:
499:
488:
477:
466:
437:Carl Ludwig Koch
379:are the largest
363:
357:
351:
341:
335:
329:
323:
317:
311:
305:
299:
293:
287:
281:
280:Akentrobuthinae
226:
144:
143:
121:
111:
48:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
2454:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2409:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2394:
2389:
2381:
2379:
2371:
2366:
2358:
2353:
2345:
2340:
2332:
2327:
2319:
2314:
2306:
2301:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2262:
2254:
2249:
2241:
2236:
2228:
2223:
2215:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2189:
2184:
2176:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2118:
2105:
2095:
2094:
2086:
2075:
2015:
2014:
2010:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1895:
1889:Wayback Machine
1882:Family Buthidae
1879:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1845:
1841:
1830:
1823:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1768:
1704:
1698:
1599:
1594:
1391:Farzanpay, 1987
1347:Farzanpay, 1987
1325:Kraepelin, 1911
1310:Pseudolissothus
1204:Farzanpay, 1987
1116:Kraepelin, 1898
1068:Mauritanobuthus
1050:C.L. Koch, 1845
1017:Ehrenberg, 1828
951:Ehrenberg, 1828
617:Baloorthochirus
555:Kraepelin, 1900
544:Ehrenberg, 1828
454:
369:
368:
364:Pavlovsky, 1924
358:Kraepelin, 1905
350:Rhopalurusinae
342:BĂĽcherl, 1971 (
334:Microcharmidae
324:Kraepelin, 1891
276:
225:
138:
112:
110:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2387:
2377:
2364:
2351:
2338:
2325:
2312:
2299:
2286:
2273:
2260:
2251:Fauna Europaea
2247:
2234:
2221:
2208:
2195:
2182:
2172:
2159:
2146:
2131:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2093:
2092:
2073:
2008:
1968:
1949:
1936:
1893:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1767:
1764:
1700:Main article:
1697:
1694:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1581:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1537:
1515:
1504:
1501:Lourenço, 2000
1493:
1482:
1471:
1460:
1449:
1438:
1427:
1416:
1405:
1394:
1383:
1372:
1361:
1350:
1339:
1336:Lourenço, 1995
1328:
1317:
1314:Lourenço, 2001
1306:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1251:
1240:
1229:
1218:
1211:Orthochiroides
1207:
1196:
1185:
1174:
1171:Lourenço, 2000
1167:Neoprotobuthus
1163:
1160:Lourenço, 1995
1152:
1141:
1130:
1127:Lourenço, 1995
1119:
1108:
1105:Lourenço, 2003
1101:Microananteris
1097:
1086:
1075:
1064:
1053:
1042:
1031:
1020:
1009:
998:
987:
976:
965:
954:
943:
932:
921:
910:
899:
896:Lourenço, 1997
888:
877:
866:
855:
844:
833:
822:
811:
808:Lourenço, 1999
800:
789:
786:Lourenço, 1999
778:
767:
756:
745:
734:
723:
712:
701:
690:
679:
668:
657:
646:
635:
624:
613:
602:
595:Australobuthus
591:
569:
566:Finnegan, 1932
558:
547:
536:
525:
514:
503:
492:
481:
470:
458:
453:
450:
371:
370:
367:
366:
360:
354:
348:
346:Stunkard 1937)
338:
336:Lourenco, 1996
332:
328:Orthochirinae
326:
320:
314:
308:
306:C.L.Koch, 1837
302:
296:
294:C.L.Koch, 1837
292:Androctonides
290:
284:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
262:
261:
260:
259:
256:
251:
246:
238:
237:
233:
232:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
132:
131:
123:
122:
114:
113:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
49:
37:
26:
24:
18:Microcharmidae
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2451:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2414:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1983:
1981:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1703:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1596:
1589:Thorell, 1893
1587:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1508:Trypanothacus
1505:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1446:Kovarik, 1995
1444:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1424:Kovarik, 2019
1422:
1421:
1420:Spelaeolychas
1417:
1413:Kovarik, 1998
1411:
1410:
1409:Somalicharmus
1406:
1402:Kovarik, 1998
1400:
1399:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1369:Thorell, 1876
1367:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1255:Pectinibuthus
1252:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1215:Kovarik, 1998
1213:
1212:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1006:Kovarik, 2001
1004:
1003:
999:
993:
992:
988:
982:
981:
977:
973:Kovarik, 2019
971:
970:
966:
960:
959:
955:
949:
948:
944:
938:
937:
933:
927:
926:
922:
918:Kovarik, 1997
916:
915:
911:
905:
904:
900:
894:
893:
889:
883:
882:
878:
872:
871:
867:
861:
860:
856:
850:
849:
845:
839:
838:
834:
828:
827:
823:
817:
816:
812:
806:
805:
801:
795:
794:
790:
784:
783:
779:
773:
772:
768:
762:
761:
757:
751:
750:
746:
740:
739:
735:
729:
728:
724:
718:
717:
713:
707:
706:
702:
696:
695:
691:
685:
684:
680:
674:
673:
669:
663:
662:
658:
652:
651:
647:
641:
640:
636:
630:
629:
625:
621:Kovarik, 1996
619:
618:
614:
608:
607:
603:
597:
596:
592:
589:
588:Burmese amber
585:
578:
577:
573:
570:
564:
563:
559:
553:
552:
551:Anomalobuthus
548:
542:
541:
537:
533:Borelli, 1911
531:
530:
526:
522:Thorell, 1891
520:
519:
515:
509:
508:
504:
500:Lamoral, 1976
498:
497:
496:Akentrobuthus
493:
489:Kovarik, 2019
487:
486:
482:
478:Kovarik, 1997
476:
475:
474:Afroisometrus
471:
467:Kovarik, 2019
465:
464:
460:
459:
457:
451:
449:
447:
446:
440:
438:
434:
431:
426:
422:
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
405:
400:
399:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
362:Uroplectaria
361:
355:
352:BĂĽcherl, 1969
349:
345:
340:Rhopalurinae
339:
333:
327:
321:
315:
309:
303:
297:
291:
285:
282:Lamoral, 1976
279:
278:
271:
267:
263:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
241:
239:
234:
229:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
209:Superfamily:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
142:
137:
133:
130:
129:
124:
120:
115:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
47:
43:
33:
30:
19:
2110:
2028:(1): 44685.
2025:
2021:
2011:
1994:
1988:
1980:Uintascorpio
1979:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1939:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:
1876:
1857:
1847:
1842:
1808:
1792:
1773:
1769:
1757:
1751:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1715:Centruroides
1713:
1707:
1705:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1672:Centruroides
1671:
1653:
1634:
1630:Centruroides
1628:
1624:Apistobuthus
1622:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1583:
1572:
1561:
1550:
1545:Peters, 1861
1539:
1522:Uintascorpio
1520:
1506:
1495:
1484:
1473:
1462:
1457:Pocock, 1893
1451:
1440:
1429:
1418:
1407:
1398:Somalibuthus
1396:
1387:Sassanidotus
1385:
1376:Saharobuthus
1374:
1363:
1358:Vachon, 1972
1352:
1341:
1330:
1321:Pseudolychas
1319:
1308:
1297:
1292:Pocock, 1900
1288:Plesiobuthus
1286:
1275:
1264:
1253:
1248:Pocock, 1890
1242:
1231:
1226:Karsch, 1891
1220:
1209:
1198:
1193:Karsch, 1879
1187:
1182:Vachon, 1950
1178:Odontobuthus
1176:
1165:
1154:
1143:
1132:
1123:Microcharmus
1121:
1110:
1099:
1088:
1083:Vachon, 1950
1077:
1066:
1061:Vachon, 1974
1055:
1044:
1039:Vachon, 1948
1033:
1028:Birula, 1898
1022:
1011:
1000:
995:Vachon, 1974
989:
984:Hewitt, 1913
978:
967:
956:
945:
936:Isometroides
934:
925:Ischnotelson
923:
912:
907:Birula, 1908
901:
890:
885:Pocock, 1893
881:Heteroctenus
879:
868:
863:Pocock, 1900
857:
846:
835:
824:
813:
804:Egyptobuthus
802:
797:Vachon, 1977
791:
780:
775:Vachon, 1949
771:Compsobuthus
769:
764:Vachon, 1948
758:
753:Teruel, 2007
747:
736:
731:Karsch, 1879
725:
716:Centruroides
714:
703:
698:Werner, 1936
694:Buthoscorpio
692:
687:Birula, 1905
681:
670:
661:Butheoloides
659:
654:Birula, 1908
648:
643:Vachon, 1974
637:
628:Barbaracurus
626:
615:
610:Karsch, 1886
604:
599:Locket, 1990
593:
574:
562:Apistobuthus
560:
549:
538:
529:Ananteroides
527:
516:
505:
494:
483:
472:
463:Aegaeobuthus
461:
455:
443:
441:
414:
410:Compsobuthus
408:
404:Centruroides
402:
396:
376:
374:
343:
330:Birula, 1917
318:Birula, 1917
312:Roewer, 1943
300:Pocock, 1896
288:Pocock, 1900
286:Ananterinae
236:Subfamilies
222:
126:
29:
2290:iNaturalist
2135:Wikispecies
1929:December 3,
1852:, like the
1721:Hottentotta
1709:Androctonus
1668:cryptically
1645:Chaerilidae
1615:Androctonus
1610:Microbuthus
1604:Microtityus
1597:Description
1552:Vachoniolus
1526:Perry, 1995
1468:Armas, 1974
1453:Tityobuthus
1442:Thaicharmus
1266:Physoctonus
1233:Pantobuthus
1222:Orthochirus
1156:Neogrosphus
1149:Hirst, 1911
1134:Microtityus
1112:Microbuthus
1057:Lychasoides
991:Kraepelinia
980:Karasbergia
914:Iranobuthus
903:Hottentotta
874:Hirst, 1911
852:Simon, 1880
815:Femtobuthus
782:Congobuthus
749:Cicileiurus
709:Leach, 1815
676:Simon, 1882
665:Hirst, 1925
540:Androctonus
511:Armas, 1973
507:Alayotityus
430:superfamily
322:Isometrini
298:Babycurini
254:Isometrinae
249:Centrurinae
183:Chelicerata
179:Subphylum:
2413:Categories
1920:"Buthidae"
1868:References
1858:M. tamulus
1849:Mesobuthus
1733:Parabuthus
1677:Uroplectes
1641:Vaejovidae
1636:Parabuthus
1578:Lowe, 2018
1574:Xenobuthus
1541:Uroplectes
1365:Rhopalurus
1281:Lowe, 2010
1277:Picobuthus
1244:Parabuthus
1090:Mesotityus
1079:Mesobuthus
969:Janalychas
870:Hemilychas
859:Hemibuthus
819:Lowe, 2010
720:Marx, 1890
584:Cretaceous
485:Afrolychas
316:Charminae
228:C. L. Koch
203:Scorpiones
173:Arthropoda
42:Cenomanian
2050:2045-2322
2003:1576-9518
1683:Isometrus
1660:pedipalps
1656:Old World
1649:Chactidae
1464:Tityopsis
1431:Teruelius
1354:Reddyanus
1200:Olivierus
1189:Odonturus
1145:Neobuthus
1035:Lissothus
1024:Liobuthus
947:Isometrus
826:Fetilinia
793:Darchenia
683:Buthiscus
672:Butheolus
639:Birulatus
606:Babycurus
518:Ananteris
439:in 1837.
433:Buthoidea
421:monotypic
398:Ananteris
391:and 1339
385:scorpions
356:Tityinae
304:Buthides
213:Buthoidea
193:Arachnida
159:Kingdom:
153:Eukaryota
2419:Buthidae
2199:BugGuide
2175:BioLib:
2168:Buthidae
2155:Buthidae
2141:Buthidae
2120:Wikidata
2111:Buthidae
2068:28322221
1997:: 7–16.
1885:Archived
1563:Vachonus
1481:(223 sp)
1343:Razianus
1299:Polisius
1002:Lanzatus
958:Jaguajir
848:Grosphus
760:Cicileus
650:Buthacus
377:Buthidae
266:Synonyms
258:Tityinae
244:Buthinae
223:Buthidae
219:Family:
169:Phylum:
163:Animalia
149:Domain:
35:Buthidae
2383:6566206
2126:Q132129
2059:5359575
2030:Bibcode
1779:Gallery
1727:Leiurus
1664:tweezer
1547:(34 sp)
1459:(19 sp)
1437:(22 sp)
1360:(34 sp)
1250:(38 sp)
1228:(53 sp)
1206:(18 sp)
1151:(16 sp)
1140:(40 sp)
1129:(16 sp)
1085:(12 sp)
1052:(31 sp)
1019:(17 sp)
1013:Leiurus
953:(10 sp)
909:(58 sp)
854:(34 sp)
843:(12 sp)
777:(49 sp)
738:Chaneke
727:Charmus
722:(93 sp)
711:(65 sp)
667:(19 sp)
656:(23 sp)
634:(10 sp)
612:(14 sp)
546:(29 sp)
524:(92 sp)
393:species
268:
199:Order:
189:Class:
2396:510094
2380:uBio:
2360:272528
2347:511971
2308:104864
2295:119058
2243:1BUTHF
2066:
2056:
2048:
2001:
1965:: 2–9.
1748:BmKAEP
1744:Tityus
1739:Tityus
1736:, and
1689:Lychas
1658:. The
1643:. The
1633:, and
1591:(3 sp)
1585:Zabius
1580:(3 sp)
1569:(4 sp)
1558:(4 sp)
1530:Eocene
1514:(2 sp)
1503:(1 sp)
1492:(2 sp)
1475:Tityus
1470:(6 sp)
1448:(4 sp)
1426:(1 sp)
1415:(1 sp)
1404:(2 sp)
1393:(2 sp)
1382:(1 sp)
1371:(3 sp)
1349:(4 sp)
1338:(5 sp)
1327:(3 sp)
1316:(1 sp)
1305:(1 sp)
1294:(1 sp)
1283:(2 sp)
1272:(3 sp)
1261:(1 sp)
1239:(1 sp)
1217:(3 sp)
1195:(1 sp)
1184:(6 sp)
1173:(1 sp)
1162:(3 sp)
1118:(7 sp)
1107:(1 sp)
1096:(1 sp)
1074:(1 sp)
1063:(1 sp)
1046:Lychas
1041:(3 sp)
1030:(1 sp)
1008:(2 sp)
997:(1 sp)
986:(1 sp)
975:(9 sp)
964:(3 sp)
942:(1 sp)
931:(2 sp)
920:(1 sp)
898:(2 sp)
887:(9 sp)
876:(1 sp)
865:(2 sp)
832:(1 sp)
821:(1 sp)
810:(1 sp)
799:(1 sp)
788:(1 sp)
766:(5 sp)
755:(1 sp)
744:(4 sp)
733:(5 sp)
705:Buthus
700:(5 sp)
689:(1 sp)
678:(6 sp)
645:(4 sp)
623:(1 sp)
601:(1 sp)
568:(2 sp)
557:(6 sp)
535:(2 sp)
513:(8 sp)
502:(2 sp)
491:(2 sp)
480:(1 sp)
469:(4 sp)
416:Tityus
389:genera
381:family
230:, 1837
46:recent
2391:WoRMS
2368:Plazi
2321:82718
2303:IRMNG
2256:15446
2204:16663
2178:18940
1985:(PDF)
1818:Notes
1775:ago.
413:, or
2334:6856
2329:NCBI
2316:ITIS
2282:5848
2277:GBIF
2238:EPPO
2230:8543
2191:1416
2186:BOLD
2064:PMID
2046:ISSN
1999:ISSN
1931:2022
1674:and
1647:and
1607:and
837:Gint
425:taxa
375:The
275:List
52:Preęž’
2225:EoL
2217:7GY
2212:CoL
2163:AFD
2150:ADW
2054:PMC
2038:doi
1686:or
1621:),
383:of
344:non
44:to
2415::
2393::
2370::
2357::
2344::
2331::
2318::
2305::
2292::
2279::
2266::
2253::
2240::
2227::
2214::
2201::
2188::
2165::
2152::
2137::
2122::
2076:^
2062:.
2052:.
2044:.
2036:.
2024:.
2020:.
1995:10
1993:.
1987:.
1963:10
1961:.
1922:.
1896:^
1730:,
1724:,
1718:,
1712:,
1692:.
1627:,
1532:,
586:,
407:,
401:,
102:Pg
2070:.
2040::
2032::
2026:7
2005:.
1933:.
1860:)
1856:(
1617:(
1536:)
1528:(
1518:â€
590:)
582:(
572:â€
107:N
97:K
92:J
87:T
82:P
77:C
72:D
67:S
62:O
57:ęž’
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
