415:
472:
36:
358:
186:
that attack a harmful insect, weed, or plant disease or any other organism in its vicinity. The inhibitory substance is highly specific in its action, affecting only a specific species. Many soil microorganisms are antagonistic. They secrete a potent
191:
which destroys other cells by digesting their cell walls and degrade the cellular material as well as released protoplasmic material serves as a nutrient for the inhibitor organism, for example
266:
513:
53:
399:
532:
456:
100:
313:
72:
119:
229:
such organism may be of great practical importance since they often produce antibiotics which modify the normal growth processes.
506:
79:
392:
414:
57:
86:
552:
542:
499:
133:
68:
547:
385:
334:
308:
147:
refers to the action of any organism that suppresses or interferes with the normal growth and activity of a plant
46:
265:
Yaoting Xiao; Yuetong Li; Fengxia Zhang; Zhengliang Chen; Liqun Tang; Jianzhou Li; Xiaohua Chen (April 2021).
537:
449:
167:
93:
442:
483:
426:
369:
286:
471:
329:
140:
27:
Action of an organism that harms or interferes with the functioning of another organism
526:
479:
216:
17:
365:
205:
163:
422:
221:
211:
199:
193:
35:
179:
290:
183:
175:
171:
152:
148:
188:
156:
357:
29:
487:
430:
373:
241:
Direct parasitism example — biotrophic or necrotrophic.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
238:Antibiosis example — enzymes, toxins, antibiotics.
507:
450:
393:
8:
514:
500:
457:
443:
400:
386:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
309:"Biological Control of Plant Pathogens"
257:
7:
468:
466:
411:
409:
354:
352:
244:competition example — for nutrients.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
486:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
429:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
372:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
314:American Phytopathological Society
25:
470:
413:
356:
279:North American Academic Research
162:These organisms can be used for
69:"Antagonism" phytopathology
34:
45:needs additional citations for
247:Induced resistance (indirect).
197:has an antagonistic effect on
1:
533:Physiological plant disorders
267:"Antagonistic Activities of
151:, such as the main parts of
569:
465:
408:
351:
131:
168:biological control agents
335:Encyclopædia Britannica
269:Pediococcus Pentosaceus
166:and are referred to as
330:"Antagonism – Ecology"
291:10.5281/zenodo.4699390
273:Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
132:For other uses, see
54:improve this article
18:Microbial antagonism
553:Plant disease stubs
225:show antagonism on
543:Horticulture stubs
548:Agriculture stubs
495:
494:
438:
437:
381:
380:
215:has an effect on
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
560:
516:
509:
502:
474:
467:
459:
452:
445:
417:
410:
402:
395:
388:
360:
353:
345:
343:
342:
325:
323:
322:
295:
294:
262:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
568:
567:
563:
562:
561:
559:
558:
557:
523:
522:
521:
520:
464:
463:
407:
406:
349:
340:
338:
328:
320:
318:
307:
304:
299:
298:
264:
263:
259:
254:
235:
137:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
566:
564:
556:
555:
550:
545:
540:
538:Phytopathology
535:
525:
524:
519:
518:
511:
504:
496:
493:
492:
475:
462:
461:
454:
447:
439:
436:
435:
418:
405:
404:
397:
390:
382:
379:
378:
361:
347:
346:
326:
303:
302:External links
300:
297:
296:
285:(4): 130–137.
256:
255:
253:
250:
249:
248:
245:
242:
239:
234:
231:
170:. They may be
141:phytopathology
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
565:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
528:
517:
512:
510:
505:
503:
498:
497:
491:
489:
485:
482:article is a
481:
480:plant disease
476:
473:
469:
460:
455:
453:
448:
446:
441:
440:
434:
432:
428:
425:article is a
424:
419:
416:
412:
403:
398:
396:
391:
389:
384:
383:
377:
375:
371:
368:article is a
367:
362:
359:
355:
350:
337:
336:
331:
327:
316:
315:
310:
306:
305:
301:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
261:
258:
251:
246:
243:
240:
237:
236:
232:
230:
228:
224:
223:
218:
217:actinomycetes
214:
213:
208:
207:
202:
201:
196:
195:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
135:
124:
121:
113:
110:February 2022
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
488:expanding it
477:
431:expanding it
420:
374:expanding it
366:horticulture
363:
348:
339:. Retrieved
333:
319:. Retrieved
317:. 2020-12-07
312:
282:
278:
272:
268:
260:
227:Cladosporium
226:
220:
210:
206:Cladosporium
204:
198:
192:
164:pest control
161:
144:
138:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
423:agriculture
222:Pseudomonas
212:Trichoderma
200:Penicillium
194:Aspergillus
180:parasitoids
527:Categories
341:2020-12-07
321:2020-12-07
252:References
145:antagonism
134:Antagonism
80:newspapers
233:Mechanism
184:pathogens
176:parasites
172:predators
271:Against
153:bacteria
149:pathogen
275:Growth"
94:scholar
189:enzyme
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
478:This
421:This
364:This
182:, or
157:fungi
101:JSTOR
87:books
484:stub
427:stub
370:stub
203:and
73:news
287:doi
155:or
139:In
56:by
529::
332:.
311:.
281:.
277:.
219:.
209:.
178:,
174:,
159:.
143:,
515:e
508:t
501:v
490:.
458:e
451:t
444:v
433:.
401:e
394:t
387:v
376:.
344:.
324:.
293:.
289::
283:4
136:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
